2023-11-10 small scale fisheries and aquaculture ontology definition has_dbxref has_exact_synonym Fish stocking is the practice of releasing fish that are artificially raised in a hatchery into a natural body of water (river, lake or ocean), in order to supplement existing wild populations or to create a new population where previously none exists. 2023-11-28T07:02:14Z fish stocking Fish stocking is the practice of releasing fish that are artificially raised in a hatchery into a natural body of water (river, lake or ocean), in order to supplement existing wild populations or to create a new population where previously none exists. Branchiomycosis is a fungal infection; one of several serious and deadly infections that can affect a fish's gills. This particular infection is most often due to the environmental conditions of the water in which the fish are kept. 2023-12-06T03:12:44Z Branchiomycosis gills rot Branchiomycosis is a fungal infection; one of several serious and deadly infections that can affect a fish's gills. This particular infection is most often due to the environmental conditions of the water in which the fish are kept. Polyculture is the production of two or more cultured species in the same physical space at the same time, often with the objective of producing multiple products that have economic value. They may be a combination of animals, plants and animals, aquatic species only, or aquatic and terrestrial species. YHoong 2023-11-28T07:04:36Z polyculture a place for hatching large numbers of fish eggs NRoslan 2023-11-28T07:09:35Z hatchery NRoslan 2023-11-28T07:12:20Z Site Gher is a local term and refers to the modified rice fields by building higher dikes surrounding the field and excavating a canal inside to hold water during dry seasons. This refers to the modification of rice fields to accommodate more than one enterprise eg. prawn-fish-rice combination. 2024-03-27T01:57:21Z gher Gher is a local term and refers to the modified rice fields by building higher dikes surrounding the field and excavating a canal inside to hold water during dry seasons. Samanta, S., & Roy, P. (2023). Aquaculture practices in Bangladesh: A synopsis on prospects, productivity, and problems. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(1), 4–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13045 ‌ assembled using fabric welding techniques such as hot air, hot bar, and radio-frequency (RF) welding. is a temporary artificial water holding system made with plastic and other materials that can be used to produce fish. It can be collapsed and rebuilt. 2024-03-27T02:03:55Z collapsible pond assembled using fabric welding techniques such as hot air, hot bar, and radio-frequency (RF) welding. Collapsible tank. (2024, March 11). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapsible_tank Pelleting is the process of converting finely ground mash feed into dense, free flowing pellets or capsules.  2024-03-27T02:08:10Z pelleted feeds Own farm-made pelleted feed Pelleting is the process of converting finely ground mash feed into dense, free flowing pellets or capsules.  Your guide to pelleting. (n.d.). Www.borregaard.com. https://www.borregaard.com/markets/animal-feed/applications/pelleting-aids/more-on-pelleting/your-guide-to-pelleting/ may contain one or more ingredients processed by cooking or grinding. 2024-03-27T02:17:25Z compound feeds Own farm-made mixed feed may contain one or more ingredients processed by cooking or grinding. Piedad-Pascual F. 1996. Farm-made feeds: preparation, management, problems, and recommendations, pp. 44-51. In: Santiago CB, Coloso RM, Millamena OM, Borlongan IG (eds) Feeds for Small Scale Aquaculture. Proceedings of the National Seminar-Workshop on Fish Nutrition and Feeds. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines. https://repository.seafdec.org.ph/bitstream/handle/10862/554/ffssa_p044-051.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1 The feed is sized 0.5-1 mm specifically for the fish to facilitate consumption, and nutrients are highly available to the fish to support optimum growth and development. 2024-03-27T02:24:18Z Nursery feed Starter feed The feed is sized 0.5-1 mm specifically for the fish to facilitate consumption, and nutrients are highly available to the fish to support optimum growth and development. Limited, S. F. (n.d.). Fish STARTER 0.5MM, 1MM | SIGMA FEEDS LIMITED. Www.sigmafeeds.com. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://www.sigmafeeds.com/Livestock_feeds_in_kenya/fish_starter_feed the activity of trying to catch fish. The term fishing broadly includes catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as crustaceans (shrimp/lobsters/crabs), shellfish, cephalopods (octopus/squid) and echinoderms (starfish/sea urchins). 2024-03-27T02:31:53Z fishing the activity of trying to catch fish. The term fishing broadly includes catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as crustaceans (shrimp/lobsters/crabs), shellfish, cephalopods (octopus/squid) and echinoderms (starfish/sea urchins). Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, February 4). Fishing. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing a form of aquaculture in which fish are raised in enclosures to be sold as food. It is the fastest growing area of animal food production. 2024-03-27T02:36:32Z fish culture fish farming a form of aquaculture in which fish are raised in enclosures to be sold as food. It is the fastest growing area of animal food production. Animal Welfare Institute. (2019). Fish Farming. Awionline.org. https://awionline.org/content/fish-farming A fisher returning with more fish than is needed to meet personal needs will tend to exchange surplus fish for other goods or services.  Fish trading may also refer to fishers/non fishers exchanging fish for money, goods or services. It may be midllemen, fishers, fish farmers, retailers or wholesalers. 2024-03-27T02:38:58Z fish trading A fisher returning with more fish than is needed to meet personal needs will tend to exchange surplus fish for other goods or services.  FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture. (n.d.). Www.fao.org. https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/trade fish vendors are defined as those who are engaged in selling fish. Fish vendors are those who sell fish including fish that is graded, cleaned, frozen, fried, sun-dried, and packed. 2024-03-27T02:41:50Z fish vendor fish vendors are defined as those who are engaged in selling fish. Fish vendors are those who sell fish including fish that is graded, cleaned, frozen, fried, sun-dried, and packed. Rehema John Magesa, Ponsian Sewando, & Lilian Daniel Mkenda. (2024). Fish Value Addition Practices by Women Fish Vendors in Dar Es Salaam: A Case of Mackerel Fish. East African Journal of Business and Economics, 7(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.7.1.1793 the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. 2024-03-27T02:46:41Z rainfall the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. Definition of rainfall | Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Www.dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/rainfall the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. 2024-03-27T02:57:56Z groundwater ground water the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. Groundwater Foundation. (2022). What is Groundwater? The Groundwater Foundation. https://groundwater.org/what-is-groundwater/ the breeding, hatching, cultivating, rearing, or on-growing of fish, aquatic life, or seaweed in confined areas within natural water bodies or on land and includes ancillary activities. 2024-03-27T03:00:17Z Land for aquaculture the breeding, hatching, cultivating, rearing, or on-growing of fish, aquatic life, or seaweed in confined areas within natural water bodies or on land and includes ancillary activities. Land-based Aquaculture Definition. (n.d.). Law Insider. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/land-based-aquaculture arable land that is worked by plowing and sowing and raising crops. 2024-03-27T03:04:08Z cultivated land Cultivated agricultural land arable land that is worked by plowing and sowing and raising crops. "Cultivated land." Vocabulary.com Dictionary, Vocabulary.com, https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/cultivated land. Accessed 27 Mar. 2024. land that has not been cultivated in the last 15 years by: physical means, such as ploughing or an activity that breaks the soil surface or disrupts the subsoil, chemical means, such as adding fertiliser or soil improvers. 2024-03-27T03:09:35Z Uncultivated agricultural land land that has not been cultivated in the last 15 years by: physical means, such as ploughing or an activity that breaks the soil surface or disrupts the subsoil, chemical means, such as adding fertiliser or soil improvers. Guidance: EIA (Agriculture) regulations: apply to make changes to rural land | GovWire News. (n.d.). Www.govwire.co.uk. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from http://www.govwire.co.uk/news/natural-england/guidance-eia-agriculture-regulations-apply-to-make-changes-to-rural-land-50905 large land areas, mainly used for grazing and growing animal fodder. 2024-03-27T03:12:15Z Land for lifestock large land areas, mainly used for grazing and growing animal fodder. A Few Facts About Livestock and Land Use | FEFAC. (n.d.). Fefac.eu. https://fefac.eu/newsroom/news/a-few-facts-about-livestock-and-land-use/ lands which are not suitable for growing agricultural crops due to natural limitations like slope steepness, erosion hazards, stoniness, rockiness, shallow soils, wetness, flooding, extremes of climate or manmade activities such as road construction and mining. 2024-03-27T03:14:51Z Non-arable land lands which are not suitable for growing agricultural crops due to natural limitations like slope steepness, erosion hazards, stoniness, rockiness, shallow soils, wetness, flooding, extremes of climate or manmade activities such as road construction and mining. https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/45029/1/Unit-4.pdf The three most common types of earthen ponds are dug-out ponds, embankment ponds, and cut-and-fill ponds. a man-made pond entirely constructed primarily using the natural soil and earth materials available on site. entirely constructed from soil materials. 2024-03-27T03:33:17Z earthen pond The three most common types of earthen ponds are dug-out ponds, embankment ponds, and cut-and-fill ponds. The 3 Most Common Types of Earthen Ponds Explained. (n.d.). 🐝 BootstrapBee.com. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://bootstrapbee.com/fish/the-3-most-common-types-of-earthen-ponds entirely constructed from soil materials. 1. General Background. (n.d.). Www.fao.org. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6708e/x6708e01.htm#:~:text=Earthen%20ponds%20are%20entirely%20constructed constructed by excavating soil from an area to form a hole which is then filled with water. They are usually undrainable and fed by rainfall, surface runoff* or groundwater. 2024-03-27T03:38:00Z dug-out pond constructed by excavating soil from an area to form a hole which is then filled with water. They are usually undrainable and fed by rainfall, surface runoff* or groundwater. 1. General Background. (n.d.). Www.fao.org. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6708e/x6708e01.htm#:~:text=Earthen%20ponds%20are%20entirely%20constructed formed without excavation by building one or more dikes above ground level to impound water. They are usually drainable and fed by gravity* flow of water or by pumping. 2024-03-27T03:40:24Z embankment pond formed without excavation by building one or more dikes above ground level to impound water. They are usually drainable and fed by gravity* flow of water or by pumping. 1. General Background. (n.d.). Www.fao.org. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6708e/x6708e01.htm#:~:text=Earthen%20ponds%20are%20entirely%20constructed A concrete pond is a type of artificial pond or tank constructed using concrete material. 2024-03-27T03:42:56Z concrete pond A concrete pond is a type of artificial pond or tank constructed using concrete material. Udu, Augustine & , Okochukwu & Aguebor, Stephine & Omini, Grace & Agbugba, Ikechi. (2024). Cost-Benefit Analysis of Earthen Ponds against Concrete Tanks Production System in Fish Farming in Abuja FCT, Nigeria. 8. 59-72. 10.59573/emsj.8(1).2024.7 A tarpaulin pond is a type of artificial pond lined with tarpaulin. Temporary or semi-permanent structure generally used for aquaculture purposes. a type of artificial fish pond made from tarpaulin, a large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant or waterproof material. 2024-03-27T03:45:58Z tarpaulin pond A tarpaulin pond is a type of artificial pond lined with tarpaulin. Temporary or semi-permanent structure generally used for aquaculture purposes. Adapted from Karim, Manjurul & Leemans, Kimio & Akester, Michael & Phillips, Michael. (2019). Performance of emergent aquaculture technologies in Myanmar; challenges and opportunities. Aquaculture. 519. 734875. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734875. PE Pond Liner is a new polymer material, which is made of polyethylene. It is the most used plastic drainage film at present and can be used in many industries. Because of its lightweight, low cost, and convenient installation, it has been used in fishery. 2024-03-27T03:50:17Z plastic pond PE Pond Liner is a new polymer material, which is made of polyethylene. It is the most used plastic drainage film at present and can be used in many industries. Because of its lightweight, low cost, and convenient installation, it has been used in fishery. Zhang, J. (2022, October 9). PE Pond Liner for Fish Farm Project in Malaysia. Medium. https://medium.com/@zl920827/pe-pond-liner-for-fish-farm-project-in-malaysia-13a713c5c0bc the names or terms comprising a set or system. 2024-03-27T03:56:09Z nomenclature the names or terms comprising a set or system. Definition of nomenclature | Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Www.dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/nomenclature The larvae emerging from the fertilized eggs after hatching is called hatchling. It is characterized by the presence of yolk sac hanging below from where it draws its nutrition for 2–3 days. At this stage the mouth is not formed and hence it does not take food from outside. 2024-03-27T04:53:47Z hatchling The larvae emerging from the fertilized eggs after hatching is called hatchling. It is characterized by the presence of yolk sac hanging below from where it draws its nutrition for 2–3 days. At this stage the mouth is not formed and hence it does not take food from outside. Fish seed rearing manual. (n.d.). Www.fao.org. https://www.fao.org/3/AC381E/AC381E02.htm As soon as the yolk sac of the hatchling is absorbed it is known as spawn. At this stage the mouth is formed and it starts taking small zooplankton like rotifers and supplementary feed like egg yolk, finely powdered oil cake, rice bran etc. 2024-03-27T04:55:32Z spawn As soon as the yolk sac of the hatchling is absorbed it is known as spawn. At this stage the mouth is formed and it starts taking small zooplankton like rotifers and supplementary feed like egg yolk, finely powdered oil cake, rice bran etc. Fish seed rearing manual. (n.d.). Www.fao.org. https://www.fao.org/3/AC381E/AC381E02.htm As soon as the spawn assume the shape of the fish and grow to about 1–2 cm it is known as fry. At this stage they are primarily smaller size zooplankton feeder. It takes about 7 to 10 days for the spawn to grow up to fry stage. a life (growth) stage of fishes that are recently hatched. This is generally after the yolk sac has been absorbed and almost or entirely disappeared. At this point, the swim bladder is typically functional and fish can actively feed for themselves. Depending on the species, this stage can last a few months or more until scales develop. Fry can be thought of as the “infant” stage for fishes. Because of their small size at this stage (often only a few centimeters), fry are vulnerable to predation in this stage and need shallow, protected habitat to feed and grow. 2024-03-27T05:00:22Z fish larvae fry As soon as the spawn assume the shape of the fish and grow to about 1–2 cm it is known as fry. At this stage they are primarily smaller size zooplankton feeder. It takes about 7 to 10 days for the spawn to grow up to fry stage. Fish seed rearing manual. (n.d.). Www.fao.org. https://www.fao.org/3/AC381E/AC381E02.htm a life (growth) stage of fishes that are recently hatched. This is generally after the yolk sac has been absorbed and almost or entirely disappeared. At this point, the swim bladder is typically functional and fish can actively feed for themselves. Depending on the species, this stage can last a few months or more until scales develop. Fry can be thought of as the “infant” stage for fishes. Because of their small size at this stage (often only a few centimeters), fry are vulnerable to predation in this stage and need shallow, protected habitat to feed and grow. Fry – Fishionary. (2020, February 21). https://fishionary.fisheries.org/fry/ As soon as the fry grow up to 10–15 cm size or roughly equal the size of a finger it is known as fingerling. Fingerling is the proper size for stocking in table fish production ponds. It takes about 30–60 days for the fry to grow up to fingerling size. 2024-03-27T05:04:27Z fingerlings As soon as the fry grow up to 10–15 cm size or roughly equal the size of a finger it is known as fingerling. Fingerling is the proper size for stocking in table fish production ponds. It takes about 30–60 days for the fry to grow up to fingerling size. Fish seed rearing manual. (n.d.). Www.fao.org. https://www.fao.org/3/AC381E/AC381E02.htm or on-growing represents the final rearing stage before harvest and sale. It concerns the stage of fish growth between ± 40 g. to the harvest-size fish of 200 to 800 g., the individual size being determined by market demand. Generally, one can consider that urban markets are looking for fish that exceed 400-450 g. as a minimum market size and many developed2 markets require >600 g. 2024-03-27T05:06:54Z fattening or on-growing represents the final rearing stage before harvest and sale. It concerns the stage of fish growth between ± 40 g. to the harvest-size fish of 200 to 800 g., the individual size being determined by market demand. Generally, one can consider that urban markets are looking for fish that exceed 400-450 g. as a minimum market size and many developed2 markets require >600 g. https://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0fnl2%2E2--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&cl=CL1.5&d=HASHdaa7b46b87e58d6ea94561.2.2.3%3e=1 refer to 'live feed' is often used as natural diets for fish larvae in aquaculture. Live feed contains various nutrients such as essential proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and commonly known as living capsules of nutrition. specialized forms of fish feed designed for the earliest life stages of fish, specifically the larval stage immediately following hatching and the fry stage as they begin to grow. 2024-03-27T05:11:55Z larval feeds fry feeds refer to 'live feed' is often used as natural diets for fish larvae in aquaculture. Live feed contains various nutrients such as essential proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and commonly known as living capsules of nutrition. SYUKRI, F., HASSAN, N. H., & AZAMAN, S. N. A. (2022). PERFORMANCES OF FS FEED, ARTEMIA NAUPLII AND COMMERCIAL DIET ON EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF Clarias gariepinus LARVAE. JOURNAL of SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE and MANAGEMENT, 17(2), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.02.004 small floating pellets (3 mm in diameter) containing 32 to 36 percent protein. A typical fingerling feed contains soybean meal, cottonseed meal, animal proteins (such as porcine meat and bone meal, meat and bone/blood meal blend, or poultry by-product meal), corn, wheat middlings, animal fat/fish oil, and vitamin and mineral supplements. specialized types of aquaculture feeds formulated to meet the nutritional needs of young fish, specifically fingerlings (young fish that have developed to about the size of a finger) and juveniles (fish that are in the stage between fingerlings and adults). These feeds are designed to promote healthy growth and development during the early life stages of fish. 2024-03-27T05:16:18Z juvenile feeds fingerlings feeds small floating pellets (3 mm in diameter) containing 32 to 36 percent protein. A typical fingerling feed contains soybean meal, cottonseed meal, animal proteins (such as porcine meat and bone meal, meat and bone/blood meal blend, or poultry by-product meal), corn, wheat middlings, animal fat/fish oil, and vitamin and mineral supplements. Li, M., & Robinson, E. (2013). Feed Ingredients and Feeds for Channel Catfish. https://www.uapb.edu/sites/www/Uploads/Pond%20Management/Resources/SRAC%201806%20Feed%20Ingredients%20and%20Feeds%20for%20Channel%20Catfish.pdf Fattening fish feeds are specialized formulations designed to rapidly increase the weight and size of farmed fish, optimizing them for market sale or further breeding purposes. Larger fingerlings are fed small floating pellets (1/8 inch diameter) containing 35 percent protein. Advanced fingerlings (5-6 inches) and food fish are generally fed a floating feed of approximately 5/32 - 3/16 inch in diameter containing 28-32 percent protein. 2024-03-27T05:20:41Z fattening feeds Larger fingerlings are fed small floating pellets (1/8 inch diameter) containing 35 percent protein. Advanced fingerlings (5-6 inches) and food fish are generally fed a floating feed of approximately 5/32 - 3/16 inch in diameter containing 28-32 percent protein. Nutrition, Feeds, and Feeding. (n.d.). Extension.msstate.edu. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from http://extension.msstate.edu/agriculture/catfish/nutrition-feeds-and-feeding consists of a mixture of commercial feeds and/or feed ingredients, each batch of which is manufactured per the specific instructions of the final purchaser, including feed mixed from components supplied by the purchaser. 2024-03-27T05:25:23Z commercial feed consists of a mixture of commercial feeds and/or feed ingredients, each batch of which is manufactured per the specific instructions of the final purchaser, including feed mixed from components supplied by the purchaser. Commercial Feed. (n.d.). Agriculture and Markets. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://agriculture.ny.gov/food-safety/commercial-feed ‌ In-country national feed refers to animal feed that is produced, processed, and sold within the same country. This term emphasizes the local production aspect, distinguishing it from feed that might be imported from other countries. 2024-03-27T05:28:53Z in-country national feed A small-scale feed producer with an extruder is an individual or small business that produces animal feed in limited quantities using an extrusion process. Extrusion is a manufacturing process that involves forcing feed mixtures through a die using high temperature and pressure, creating pellets or kibbles of a consistent shape and size. using a combination of two criteria: the physical size of the farm, as expressed by the amount of operated land and the number of livestock heads in production, and the economic size of the farm, as expressed by its revenue (value of production). 2024-03-27T06:09:55Z small-scale feed producer with extruder using a combination of two criteria: the physical size of the farm, as expressed by the amount of operated land and the number of livestock heads in production, and the economic size of the farm, as expressed by its revenue (value of production). Kvistgaard, Morten & Bogdanov, Natalija & Hartvigsen, Morten & Ludvig, Katalin & Drini, Imami & Ayvazyan, Viktorya & Jijelava, David & Tilekeyev, Kanat. (2020). Empowering smallholders and family farms in Europe and Central Asia – Regional Synthesis Report. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Small-scale-food-producers_fig1_344337538 Feed millers are individuals or companies that operate feed mills where various types of animal feed are produced. These feed millers are responsible for processing raw materials such as grains, protein sources, and minerals into finished feed products for animals like poultry, fish, livestock, and sometimes pets responsible for the production of fish feeds.For animal-based agriculture, formulated feeds to meet all nutrient requirements for optimal growth and performance. 2024-03-27T06:16:13Z feed millers responsible for the production of fish feeds.For animal-based agriculture, formulated feeds to meet all nutrient requirements for optimal growth and performance. Feed Mills - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Www.sciencedirect.com. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/feed-mills a way to directly supply your property with potable water. A borehole water supply can provide a reliable alternative to the mains water supply. Underground natural mineral water often flows through permeable chalk and rock. The filtration through the rock layers means that this water can be of the highest quality. A borehole water supply is a deep well that accesses this underground water with a high-efficiency pump. 2024-03-27T06:40:05Z borehole a way to directly supply your property with potable water. A borehole water supply can provide a reliable alternative to the mains water supply. Underground natural mineral water often flows through permeable chalk and rock. The filtration through the rock layers means that this water can be of the highest quality. A borehole water supply is a deep well that accesses this underground water with a high-efficiency pump. Borehole Water Supply. (n.d.). AquaSwitch. https://www.aquaswitch.co.uk/borehole-water-supply/ water, obtained directly from a faucet or tap, that has not been purified, distilled, or otherwise treated. 2024-03-27T06:42:27Z piped tap water, obtained directly from a faucet or tap, that has not been purified, distilled, or otherwise treated. Definition of tap water | Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Www.dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/tap-water ‌ A river is a ribbon-like body of water that flows downhill from the force of gravity. A river can be wide and deep, or shallow enough for a person to wade across. A flowing body of water that is smaller than a river is called a stream, creek, or brook. 2024-03-27T06:44:54Z river A river is a ribbon-like body of water that flows downhill from the force of gravity. A river can be wide and deep, or shallow enough for a person to wade across. A flowing body of water that is smaller than a river is called a stream, creek, or brook. National geographic. (2023, October 19). River | National Geographic Society. Education.nationalgeographic.org. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/river/ a structure built across a river or stream to hold back water. People have used different materials to build dams over the centuries. Ancient dam builders used natural materials such as rocks or clay. Modern-day dam builders often use concrete. 2024-03-27T06:48:42Z dam a structure built across a river or stream to hold back water. People have used different materials to build dams over the centuries. Ancient dam builders used natural materials such as rocks or clay. Modern-day dam builders often use concrete. National Geographic. (2023, October 19). Dams | National Geographic Society. Education.nationalgeographic.org. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/dams/ ‌ holes in the ground dug by shovel or backhoe. Historically, a dug well was excavated below the groundwater table until incoming water exceeded the digger's bailing rate. The well was then lined (cased) with stones, brick, tile, or other material to prevent collapse. 2024-03-27T06:53:42Z dug well holes in the ground dug by shovel or backhoe. Historically, a dug well was excavated below the groundwater table until incoming water exceeded the digger's bailing rate. The well was then lined (cased) with stones, brick, tile, or other material to prevent collapse. Dug Wells. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2021, from https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-11/documents/dugwell.pdf specialized vehicles equipped with large tanks in the rear for transporting water and controlled spray nozzles for distributing it. 2024-03-27T06:55:34Z tanker truck specialized vehicles equipped with large tanks in the rear for transporting water and controlled spray nozzles for distributing it. What are water trucks used for? What you need to know. (2019, September 19). Custom Truck One Source. https://www.customtruck.com/blog/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-many-uses-of-water-trucks/ a place where water moving underground finds an opening to the land surface and emerges, sometimes as just a trickle, maybe only after a rain, and sometimes in a continuous flow. Spring water can also emerge from heated rock underground, giving rise to hot springs. 2024-03-27T06:57:56Z water springs spring a place where water moving underground finds an opening to the land surface and emerges, sometimes as just a trickle, maybe only after a rain, and sometimes in a continuous flow. Spring water can also emerge from heated rock underground, giving rise to hot springs. Springs and the Water Cycle | U.S. Geological Survey. (n.d.). Www.usgs.gov. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/springs-and-water-cycle#overview sourced from municipal tap water, which is then run through carbon filters to remove the chlorine (which improves the taste) and sometimes a micron filter as well. 2024-03-27T07:00:40Z filtered water sourced from municipal tap water, which is then run through carbon filters to remove the chlorine (which improves the taste) and sometimes a micron filter as well. Drinkmore Water. (2018, March 15). DrinkMore Water. https://www.drinkmorewater.com/types-of-water A body of water smaller than a lake, sometimes artificially formed, as by damming a stream. A pond is a small, still, land-based body of water formed by pooling inside a depression, either naturally or artificially. marie-angeliquelaporte 2023-11-29T05:00:25Z pond A body of water smaller than a lake, sometimes artificially formed, as by damming a stream. ponded. (n.d.). The Free Dictionary. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/ponded A pond is a small, still, land-based body of water formed by pooling inside a depression, either naturally or artificially. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pond A fishing gear in which short lines carrying hooks are attached to a longer main line at regular intervals. Longlines are laid on the bottom or suspended horizontally at a predetermined depth with the help of surface floats. The main lines can be as long as 150 km and have several thousand hooks (e.g. in tuna fisheries). longline A fishing gear in which short lines carrying hooks are attached to a longer main line at regular intervals. Longlines are laid on the bottom or suspended horizontally at a predetermined depth with the help of surface floats. The main lines can be as long as 150 km and have several thousand hooks (e.g. in tuna fisheries). FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to the harvesting of catch by hand (e.g. picking, tramoing, noodling etc.). manual collection manual - by hand A spear gun is an underwater fishing implement designed to fire a spear at marine organisms. The basic components of a spear gun are: A spear, a stock/barrel, and a handle/grip containing a trigger mechanism. Spear guns are usually from .5 m to 2 m (1.5 ft to 6.5 ft) long, round or roughly rectangular from 28 mm - 75 mm (1 in to 3 in) in diameter/width. The two most common types of spear propulsion are: Rubber (or elastic band) powered and air powered (Pneumatic). speargun A spear gun is an underwater fishing implement designed to fire a spear at marine organisms. The basic components of a spear gun are: A spear, a stock/barrel, and a handle/grip containing a trigger mechanism. Spear guns are usually from .5 m to 2 m (1.5 ft to 6.5 ft) long, round or roughly rectangular from 28 mm - 75 mm (1 in to 3 in) in diameter/width. The two most common types of spear propulsion are: Rubber (or elastic band) powered and air powered (Pneumatic). Diving. https://fishingbooker.com/blog/spearfishing-for-beginners-the-complete-guide/; ; A type of monofilament net used in various gears so-called because it entangles fish predominantly at their gill openings (opercula). According to their design, ballasting and buoyancy, these nets may be used to fish on the surface, in midwater or on the bottom, fixed or drifting, and may be combined together in various designs. gill net A type of monofilament net used in various gears so-called because it entangles fish predominantly at their gill openings (opercula). According to their design, ballasting and buoyancy, these nets may be used to fish on the surface, in midwater or on the bottom, fixed or drifting, and may be combined together in various designs. Blackhart, K., Stanton, D. G., & Shimada, A. M. (2006). NOAA fisheries glossary (Revised edition). Silver Spring, MD: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.;https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/tm69.pdf A conical net with its perimeter lined with weights and a drawstring. It is cast from the shore or from a boat, and catches fish in shallow waters by falling and closing in them. cast net A conical net with its perimeter lined with weights and a drawstring. It is cast from the shore or from a boat, and catches fish in shallow waters by falling and closing in them. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to any person who purchases fish or fishery products for personal consumption. consumer Refers to any person or institution that sells or supplies fish or fishery products wholesale or retail to consumers. Goods can be imported or sourced locally. trader Refers to a firm that converts the fisherman's catch into a finished product to be marketed by the wholesaling and, eventually, retailing sectors and to have a storage gap between processing and consumption. processor Refers to a firm that converts the fisherman's catch into a finished product to be marketed by the wholesaling and, eventually, retailing sectors and to have a storage gap between processing and consumption. Kim, S. K. (1998). The Characteristics of Commercial Fisheries of the Oregon, USA. The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration, 29(1), 139-159.;http://www.fima.or.kr/ssk_board/up_img/201008/2619/admin2010086.pdf Is the place within a region or country wherein fish or fishery products are sold. local market Refers to the segment of market structure that buys fish or fishery products in quantity, store it, and handles the distribution of the product to retailers. wholesaler Refers to the segment of market structure that buys fish or fishery products in quantity, store it, and handles the distribution of the product to retailers. Kim, S. K. (1998). The Characteristics of Commercial Fisheries of the Oregon, USA. The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration, 29(1), 139-159.;http://www.fima.or.kr/ssk_board/up_img/201008/2619/admin2010086.pdf Refers to the time and date when the fishing trip begins trip start Refers to the time and date when the fishing trip ends trip end Refers to the time and date when the fishing trip ends Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Secretariat. (2004). The Compilation of NAFO Fishing Reports for STACTIC Compliance Analysis. In Meeting Proceedings of the General Council and Fisheries Commission for 2003/2004. Nova Scotia, Canada: NAFO.;https://archive.nafo.int/open/mp/2003-04/meetproc-2003-04.pdf The amount of fishing gear of a specific type used on the fishing grounds over a given unit of time (e.g. hours trawled per day, number of hooks set per day, or number of hauls of a beach seine per day) to be used to compare catch rates in the same fishery. When two or more kinds of gear are used, the respective efforts must be adjusted to some standard type before being added. Sometimes referred to as effective fishing effort. Across different fisheries or gear types, a standardised unit of effort must be used, such as time fishing per vessel or person (e.g. fisher days). fishing effort The amount of fishing gear of a specific type used on the fishing grounds over a given unit of time (e.g. hours trawled per day, number of hooks set per day, or number of hauls of a beach seine per day) to be used to compare catch rates in the same fishery. When two or more kinds of gear are used, the respective efforts must be adjusted to some standard type before being added. Sometimes referred to as effective fishing effort. Across different fisheries or gear types, a standardised unit of effort must be used, such as time fishing per vessel or person (e.g. fisher days). Blackhart, K., Stanton, D. G., & Shimada, A. M. (2006). NOAA fisheries glossary (Revised edition). Silver Spring, MD: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.;https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/tm69.pdf the total number of people actively fishing on a fishing trip number of fishers The place where an organism lives or the place one would go to find it. The habitat is the organisms address, and the ecological niche its profession, biologically speaking. habitat The place where an organism lives or the place one would go to find it. The habitat is the organisms address, and the ecological niche its profession, biologically speaking. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to the man-made environment that was built to provide a living space for a specific species or population in an area. artificial habitat Artificial or natural floating objects placed on the ocean surface, often anchored to the bottom, to attract several schooling fish species underneath, thus increasing their catchability. fish aggregating device FAD Artificial or natural floating objects placed on the ocean surface, often anchored to the bottom, to attract several schooling fish species underneath, thus increasing their catchability. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to the natural environment that provides living space for a specific species or population in an area. natural habitat Refers to the natural environment that provides living space for a specific species or population in an area. Song, S., Liu, Z., He, C., & Lu, W. (2020). Evaluating the effects of urban expansion on natural habitat quality by coupling localized shared socioeconomic pathways and the land use scenario dynamics-urban model. Ecological Indicators, 112, 106071.;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106071 That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water, including the area between high and low water lines (if tidal). coast shore Rocks lying at or near the sea surface that may constitute a hazard to surface navigation. reef Rocks lying at or near the sea surface that may constitute a hazard to surface navigation. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Location at which boats land their catch. A landing site may be the same as the homeport or base port but it can also be different. Recording of fishing activities tend to be conducted in the vessel homeport or base port, while sampling and recording of catches and species composition, landing prices, etc. are usually undertaken at landing sites. landing site Location at which boats land their catch. A landing site may be the same as the homeport or base port but it can also be different. Recording of fishing activities tend to be conducted in the vessel homeport or base port, while sampling and recording of catches and species composition, landing prices, etc. are usually undertaken at landing sites. Clay, P., Cowx, I., Evans, D., & Gayanilo, F. (1999). Guidelines for the routine collection of capture fishery data. FRome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/3/x2465e/x2465e00.htm#Contents A community of people smaller than a town. village The office of the sub-district level of hierarchical government in Timor-Leste Administrative post A political unit, such as a city, town, or village, incorporated for local self-government. municipality A collective generic term that refers here to a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states. country Data on the number of fish of each weight group in the catch of a fishery, usually obtained by measuring the weights of fish in representative samples of the catch. catch weight (catch-at-weight) Data on the number of fish of each weight group in the catch of a fishery, usually obtained by measuring the weights of fish in representative samples of the catch. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to the use of length ranges to group fish landed (e.g. fish between 50-60cm in length) catch total length using bins Refers to the use of length ranges to group fish landed (e.g. fish between 50-60cm in length) Edwards, A. M., Robinson, J. P., Blanchard, J. L., Baum, J. K., & Plank, M. J. (2020). Accounting for the bin structure of data removes bias when fitting size spectra. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 636, 19-33.;http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m636p019.pdf Refers to the action the fisher will take with the catch (e.g. for sale, gifting, consumption, or craft making) catch use the stated purpose for the catch in question - to make crafts or decorative ornaments craft the stated purpose for the catch in question for food or subsistence by the fisher and his/her household food the stated purpose to sell the catch in question to a buyer sale export Usually a series of gill nets joined as a single line, extended by weights at bottom and floats at top and allowed to drift in open water. drift net Usually a series of gill nets joined as a single line, extended by weights at bottom and floats at top and allowed to drift in open water. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ the propulsion method used by a motorized boat motoring method Refers to the name of the company that manufactures the engine. engine make Refers to a propulsion system that uses an engine located inside the boat with a shaft to the propeller which is fixed in one position. Steering is accomplished by using a rudder. inboard Refers to a propulsion system that uses an engine located inside the boat with a shaft to the propeller which is fixed in one position. Steering is accomplished by using a rudder. https://www.deepcreekmarina.com/learn-about--boating-definitions; An outboard refers to a portable, self-contained package of an engine, propeller and gear case which is attached to the transom of a boat. outboard An outboard refers to a portable, self-contained package of an engine, propeller and gear case which is attached to the transom of a boat. https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-outboard-engines-market; A type of outboard engine originating in Southeast Asia, which uses a two-stroke engine mounted on top of the boat to drive a propellor on a long drive shaft that can be swung around to enter the water throughout the 270 degrees around the stern (back) of the boat. long-tail boat long-tail A type of outboard engine originating in Southeast Asia, which uses a two-stroke engine mounted on top of the boat to drive a propellor on a long drive shaft that can be swung around to enter the water throughout the 270 degrees around the stern (back) of the boat. Long-tail boat. (2020, Dec 19). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-tail_boat Refers to the engine made based on the specifications of the customer or owner. custom Refers to the model series name of the engine given by the company that manufactures the engine. examples are KKX, Yamaha, Honda, Suzuki engine brand Refers to any water vehicle that operates above or under the water surface with or without an engine or other form of propulsion. vessel boat watercraft An electronic GPS device affixed to the boat or handheld used to monitor the position and movement of watercraft. GPS Vessel monitoring system (VMS) vessel tracking system (VTS) tracker One of various possible classifications The connection and battery status of a vessel tracker tracker status tracker ID Refers to the unique International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number of the boat tracker. This can be used to match the vessel movement data with landings data if recorded by enumerators when recording catch. tracker ID tracker IMEI It is a system that contains fish and fisheries terms and the definitions of those terms, and the specification of relationships among those terms. fish ontology It is a system that contains fish and fisheries terms and the definitions of those terms, and the specification of relationships among those terms. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to an event when a fisher or a fishing vessel leaves their home or port with the intention of fishing, travels to the fishing grounds, fishes for a certain time and returns to the site or port where its catch is landed, sorted or unloaded. fishing trip Refers to an event when a fisher or a fishing vessel leaves their home or port with the intention of fishing, travels to the fishing grounds, fishes for a certain time and returns to the site or port where its catch is landed, sorted or unloaded. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Nets which are usually set from a boat. The manner of capture is to surround an area of water with a very long net, with or without a bag at the centre. The net is usually operated by two ropes fixed to its ends, used both for hauling it in and for herding the fish. It is rigged with floats and weights. Both ropes are hauled, and any fish in the area enclosed are frightened into the bag. seine net Nets which are usually set from a boat. The manner of capture is to surround an area of water with a very long net, with or without a bag at the centre. The net is usually operated by two ropes fixed to its ends, used both for hauling it in and for herding the fish. It is rigged with floats and weights. Both ropes are hauled, and any fish in the area enclosed are frightened into the bag. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ the nylon, silk or wire used on which hooks are attached to catch fish. Can be spooled on a hand reel for hand line fishing or with a rod and reel. fishing line line the nylon, silk or wire used on which hooks are attached to catch fish. Can be spooled on a hand reel for hand line fishing or with a rod and reel. Types of fishing lLines. (n.d.). Sidney, BC, Canada: Van Isle Marina.;https://vanislemarina.com/types-of-fishing-lines/ A hook and line fishing gear that is held in the hand by the fisher, as opposed to on a rod and reel. The fishing line can be wound on a handheld spool, or a makeshift reel such as a plastic bottle, bamboo etc. hand line Refers to the number of hooks fixed along a longline. Can be used as a measure of effort for the longline gear number of hooks Refers to the number of hooks fixed along a longline. Can be used as a measure of effort for the longline gear FAO. (2001, May 10). FAO/FIIT Fishing Gear Type Fact-Sheet: Hooks and lines [HAL]. Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/ARTFIMED/ArtFiWeb/descript/Gear/geartype/gt109.htm Refers to the measurable characteristics or features of a fishing line such as length, thickness and material type. line qualities A fishing platform is a purpose-designed deck built for people to fish from. Usually, it includes handrails (or curb rails) to provide safety and stability while fishing and to prevent boats tying up to the structure. Fishing platforms are often situated in productive fishing areas. fishing platform A fishing platform is a purpose-designed deck built for people to fish from. Usually, it includes handrails (or curb rails) to provide safety and stability while fishing and to prevent boats tying up to the structure. Fishing platforms are often situated in productive fishing areas. Accessible fishing platforms: A summary of design principles and guidelines for accessible recreational fishing platforms. (2017). Australia: New South Wales, Department of Industry, Skills and Regional Development.;https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/737257/Accessible-fishing-platform-guidelines.pdf An individual human being. Can also be used as a measure of fishing effort in combination with time e.g. person days. person An adult male human. man Refers to the measurable characteristics in each agricultural processes. agricultural process qualities Refers to the duration of fishing, measured in time (normally days or hours) between departure and return time and date. trip length Refers to the duration of fishing, measured in time (normally days or hours) between departure and return time and date. Chan, H. L., & Pan, M. (2021). Fishing trip cost modeling using generalized linear model and machine learning methods–A case study with longline fisheries in the Pacific and an application in Regulatory Impact Analysis. PloS One, 16(9), e0257027.; The network of firms that bring products to market, from companies that produce raw materials to retailers and others that deliver finished products to consumers. Economic value is added through the coordinated management of the flow of physical goods and associated information at each stage of the chain. A value chain is the entire series of activities and transactions needed to make a product and deliver it to consumers. A value chain is a key concept to understand agri-food system economics and development. It considers all the stakeholders that intervene and interact in food production and consumption. It shows the links between different activities and economic sectors. supply chain value chain The network of firms that bring products to market, from companies that produce raw materials to retailers and others that deliver finished products to consumers. Economic value is added through the coordinated management of the flow of physical goods and associated information at each stage of the chain. A value chain is the entire series of activities and transactions needed to make a product and deliver it to consumers. A value chain is a key concept to understand agri-food system economics and development. It considers all the stakeholders that intervene and interact in food production and consumption. It shows the links between different activities and economic sectors. U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). NAL Agricultural Thesaurus and Glossary. Beltsville, MD: U.S.D.A. Agrilinks.org ;https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?k=glossary&l=60&w=14631&s=5&t=2 https://www.agrilinks.org/post/what-value-chain-example-aquaculture Is the geographical point where landings are taking place or sport fishing activities are based landing site fishing site Is the geographical point where landings are taking place or sport fishing activities are based Villegas, L. (1992). Description of the fisheries survey in the Bahamas. Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/3/ac412e/AC412E00.htm#TOC Refer to the measurable characteristics or features of a tracker such as the geolocation record frequency tracker qualities refers to the main propulsion engine/ or the auxiliary engine of a boat. Engine powered propellers may be outboard, inboard/outboard, Inboard or water jet. boat engine refers to the main propulsion engine/ or the auxiliary engine of a boat. Engine powered propellers may be outboard, inboard/outboard, Inboard or water jet. Philippines. Maritime Industry Authority. (2015). Revised implementing rules and regulation on the registration of boat builders/repairs. Manila, Philippines: MARINA.;https://marina.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/MC-2015-09.pdf Refer to the measurable characteristics or features of the fishing vessel engine such as the horse power (hp) engine qualities Refers to harvesting the catch by using the hands with or without minimal equipment. hand-gathering manual catch harvesting process A component part or constituent of any combinations or mixture making up a (commercial) feed. feed ingredient A component part or constituent of any combinations or mixture making up a (commercial) feed. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; Casein that was treated to eliminate traces of vitamins, absorbed or combines with the casein during its preparation or production from milk fluid. casein (vitamin-free) Casein that was treated to eliminate traces of vitamins, absorbed or combines with the casein during its preparation or production from milk fluid. Supplee, G. C., Flanigan, G. E., & Bender, R. C. (1935). US Patent No. US2006700A. Process for the production of vitamin free casein. USA: USPTO.; Is a water-soluble milk protein derived from mammals often used as emulsifying and encapsulating agents in feed industry. sodium caseinate sodium casein Is a water-soluble milk protein derived from mammals often used as emulsifying and encapsulating agents in feed industry. Mujica-Álvarez, Javiera, O. Gil-Castell, Pabla A. Barra, A. Ribes-Greus, Rubén Bustos, Mirko Faccini, and Silvia Matiacevich. "Encapsulation of vitamins A and E as spray-dried additives for the feed industry." Molecules 25, no. 6 (2020): 1357.;https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061357 Produced from the acid hydrolysis of casein protein found in milk which is an excellent source of amino nitrogen and free amino acids. casein hydrolysate Produced from the acid hydrolysis of casein protein found in milk which is an excellent source of amino nitrogen and free amino acids. Pervin, R., Azam, S., Tanvir, M., Morshed, T., Rahman, S., & Anam, K. (2013). Natural growth substances has effective role in callus culture of Banana (Musa spp.) cultivar ‘Anupam’(AAB Genome, Sapientum Subgroup). Am-Eurasian J Sustain Agric, 7(3), 149-154.;http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/aejsa/aejsa/2013/149-154.pdf The edible oil extracted from peanuts. Peanut oil is used primarily as a cooking oil and as a food ingredient. peanut oil The edible oil extracted from peanuts. Peanut oil is used primarily as a cooking oil and as a food ingredient. The oil extracted from various species of Gadus. Cod liver oil contains high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamins A and D. It is used as a dietary supplement. cod liver oil The oil extracted from various species of Gadus. Cod liver oil contains high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamins A and D. It is used as a dietary supplement. A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine bearing two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2. phosphatidylcholine A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine bearing two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2. A quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion. choline chloride (50%) A quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion. A white or yellowish powder, solluble in water, gummy, and dextrorotatory polysaccharide that gives a turbid, viscose liquid when dissolved in water. It serves as a pure carbohydrate in purified diets and is used for standardising nutrient levels in experimental diets. dextrin A white or yellowish powder, solluble in water, gummy, and dextrorotatory polysaccharide that gives a turbid, viscose liquid when dissolved in water. It serves as a pure carbohydrate in purified diets and is used for standardising nutrient levels in experimental diets. Hertrampf J. W. & Piedad-Pascual F. (2000). Maize products. In: Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds (pp. 262-280). Dordrecht: Springer. ;https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_28 A preliminary mix of mineral which are included in diets in very small quantities. Pre-mixing these ingredients in a carrier (such as wheat bran) before adding them to the final mixture facilitates their better distribution. mineral mix A preliminary mix of mineral which are included in diets in very small quantities. Pre-mixing these ingredients in a carrier (such as wheat bran) before adding them to the final mixture facilitates their better distribution. New, M. B. (1987). Feed and feeding of fish and shrimp: A manual on the preparation and presentation of compound feeds for shrimp and fish in aquaculture. Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/3/s4314e/s4314e0o.htm#appendix%20ix:%20glossary%20of%20terms A preliminary mix of vitamins without a biotin component which are included in diets in very small quantities. Pre-mixing these ingredients in a carrier (such as wheat bran) before adding them to the final mixture facilitates their better distribution. vitamin mix (biotin free) A preliminary mix of vitamins without a biotin component which are included in diets in very small quantities. Pre-mixing these ingredients in a carrier (such as wheat bran) before adding them to the final mixture facilitates their better distribution. New, M. B. (1987). Feed and feeding of fish and shrimp: A manual on the preparation and presentation of compound feeds for shrimp and fish in aquaculture. Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/3/s4314e/s4314e0o.htm#appendix%20ix:%20glossary%20of%20terms An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins.; A nutrient used to treat the egg white disease observed in experimental animals fed a diet containing antinutritional factor avidin.; Biotin acts as a coenzyme for four carboxylases during the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein in animals biotin An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins.; A nutrient used to treat the egg white disease observed in experimental animals fed a diet containing antinutritional factor avidin.; Biotin acts as a coenzyme for four carboxylases during the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein in animals Ref for second, 3rd and 4th definitions: Yossa, R., Sarker, P. K., Mock, D. M., & Vandenberg, G. W. (2014). Dietary biotin requirement for growth of juvenile zebrafish D anio rerio (Hamilton‐Buchanan). Aquaculture Research, 45(11), 1787-1797.;https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12124 Refers to the different component or part consituent of any combinations or mixture making up a feed. fish feed ingredients qualities Refers to the different component or part consituent of any combinations or mixture making up a feed. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; Is defined as the linear distance from the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin to the belly, perpendicular to the long axis of the fish. body depth fish depth Is defined as the linear distance from the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin to the belly, perpendicular to the long axis of the fish. Lin, J. E., Hard, J. J., Hilborn, R., & Hauser, L. (2017). Modeling local adaptation and gene flow in sockeye salmon. Ecosphere, 8(12), e02039.;https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2039 a morphological feature of the fins of some fish species where the pectoral fin overlaps with the pelvic fin. fin overlap overlap of pectorial and pelvic fin (overlap of pectoral and pelvic fin) Bony, finger-like projections variously arranged along the anterior and often the posterior edges of a fish's gill arches. They vary in number and shape, and are useful taxonomic characteristics. gill rakers Bony, finger-like projections variously arranged along the anterior and often the posterior edges of a fish's gill arches. They vary in number and shape, and are useful taxonomic characteristics. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Food content condition in which the amount of carbohydrate in the diet is manipulated. head depth Food content condition in which the amount of carbohydrate in the diet is manipulated. Gehringer, J. W. (1956). Observations on the development of the Atlantic sailfish Istiophorus americanus (Cuvier) with notes on an unidentified species of istiophorid. Fishery Bulletin, 57(1), 139-171.;https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/pdf-content/fish-bull/fb57.4.pdf Tip of snout to posterior extension of the fleshy margin of opercle. head length Tip of snout to posterior extension of the fleshy margin of opercle. Gehringer, J. W. (1956). Observations on the development of the Atlantic sailfish Istiophorus americanus (Cuvier) with notes on an unidentified species of istiophorid. Fishery Bulletin, 57(1), 139-171.;https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/pdf-content/fish-bull/fb57.4.pdf The amount of feed or feedstuff remaining after the elimination of all water. moisture content dry matter content The amount of feed or feedstuff remaining after the elimination of all water. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; The portion of feed sample remaining after burning (at up to 500°C) until the residue is free of organic matter. ash content The total mineral or ion content measured after drying and burning the plant or a plant part. The portion of feed sample remaining after burning (at up to 500°C) until the residue is free of organic matter. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; Crude protein content of aboveground biomass. Refers to the true proteins and all other nitrogenous compounds in feeds and feed ingredients crude protein content Refers to the true proteins and all other nitrogenous compounds in feeds and feed ingredients Revised implementing rules and regulations (revIRR) on the registration of feed establishments and feed froducts. (2007). Philippines. ;https://www.bai.gov.ph/index.php/laws-issuances/administrative-order/category/86-ao-2007 Crude protein content of aboveground biomass. Refers to the coarse, fibrous and indigestible portion of feeds and feed ingredients, relatively low in digestibility and nutritive value such as cellulose. crude lipid content Refers to the coarse, fibrous and indigestible portion of feeds and feed ingredients, relatively low in digestibility and nutritive value such as cellulose. Hardy, R. W. (eds). (2002). Fish nutrition, (3rd ed.). Netherlands: Elsevier.; In feed analysis, it is the amount of energy (kcal) obtained by total oxidation of a sample of the feed in a bomb calorimeter. gross energy In feed analysis, it is the amount of energy (kcal) obtained by total oxidation of a sample of the feed in a bomb calorimeter. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO; The weight of the cultured fish during stocking. final mass initial weight The weight of the cultured fish during stocking. Wanjiru, C. (2009). Integrated aquaculture in mangrove areas of Mtwapa creek, Kenya: Final technical report. Kenya: University of Nairobi.;https://aquadocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/7653/ktf000e11.pdf The weight of the cultured fish during the harvest. initial mass final weight The weight of the cultured fish during the harvest. Wanjiru, C. (2009). Integrated aquaculture in mangrove areas of Mtwapa creek, Kenya: Final technical report. Kenya: University of Nairobi.;https://aquadocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/7653/ktf000e11.pdf An assessment of dietary protein quality by calculating weight gain divided by intake of a specific protein during a given period. PER protein efficiency ratio An assessment of dietary protein quality by calculating weight gain divided by intake of a specific protein during a given period. s;https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?k=glossary&l=60&w=12612&s=5&t=2 The ratio between the dry weight of feed fed and the weight of yield gain. A measure of the efficiency of conversion of feed to fish (e.g., Feed conversion ratio = 2.8 means that 2.8 kg of feed is needed to produce one kilogram of fish live weight). FCR feed conversion ratio The ratio between the dry weight of feed fed and the weight of yield gain. A measure of the efficiency of conversion of feed to fish (e.g., Feed conversion ratio = 2.8 means that 2.8 kg of feed is needed to produce one kilogram of fish live weight). Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; Refers to the amount of dietary biotin present in fish diet. biotin content Refers to the amount of dietary biotin present in fish diet. Yossa, R., Sarker, P. K., Mock, D. M., & Vandenberg, G. W. (2014). Dietary biotin requirement for growth of juvenile zebrafish D anio rerio (Hamilton‐Buchanan). Aquaculture Research, 45(11), 1787-1797.;https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12124 Glycogen is a polymeric form of glucose primarily stored in the liver of animals and is used to supply short-term demand for energy. not a feed ingredient glycogen content Glycogen is a polymeric form of glucose primarily stored in the liver of animals and is used to supply short-term demand for energy. Stickney, R. R. (eds.). (2000). Encyclopedia of aquaculture. New York: John Wiley & Sons.; Refers to the physical anomalies (e.g., fin, skeleton) of the catch that are usually caused by environmental pollutants, scarcity of nutrients, sudden changes in temperature, water current, gene mutation, inbreeding, parasitic infestation, and attack from predators. Deformed catches are often culled-out or sold at lower market value. catch abnormal phenotype catch deformity Refers to the physical anomalies (e.g., fin, skeleton) of the catch that are usually caused by environmental pollutants, scarcity of nutrients, sudden changes in temperature, water current, gene mutation, inbreeding, parasitic infestation, and attack from predators. Deformed catches are often culled-out or sold at lower market value. Sajeevan, S., & Anna-Mercy, T. V. (2016). Morphological and osteological malformations in hatchery bred redline torpedo fish, Sahyadria denisonii (Day 1865)(Cyprinidae). Anales de Biología, 38, 73-80.;https://digitum.um.es/digitum/handle/10201/50405 A by-product of palm kernel oil extraction from palm kernel using the mechanical screw press method, and is mainly destined to feed ruminants. It is a potential alternative ingredients that could partially replace maize and soybean in animal feeds. palm kernel cake conventional A by-product of palm kernel oil extraction from palm kernel using the mechanical screw press method, and is mainly destined to feed ruminants. It is a potential alternative ingredients that could partially replace maize and soybean in animal feeds. Yossa, R., Ahmad Fatan, N., Fairchild, J., & Schrama, J. W. (2021). Apparent digestibility coefficients of local palm kernel cakes, rice bran, maize bran and sago flour in the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Applied Aquaculture.;https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2020.1869635 A by-product of palm kernel oil extraction from palm kernel using the mechanical screw press method that has undergone an extra filtration step in order to remove the hard, coarse shells and tentatively concentrate the crude protein and the mannan oligosaccharides than conventional palm kernel cake. It is mainly destined to feed poultry, swine, fish and ruminants. palm kernel cake refined A by-product of palm kernel oil extraction from palm kernel using the mechanical screw press method that has undergone an extra filtration step in order to remove the hard, coarse shells and tentatively concentrate the crude protein and the mannan oligosaccharides than conventional palm kernel cake. It is mainly destined to feed poultry, swine, fish and ruminants. Yossa, R., Ahmad Fatan, N., Fairchild, J., & Schrama, J. W. (2021). Apparent digestibility coefficients of local palm kernel cakes, rice bran, maize bran and sago flour in the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Applied Aquaculture.;https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2020.1869635 A by-product of rice processing that is generally made of the envelopes, germs and fragments of endosperm of the rice grain. It is an energy feedstuff. A common ingredient used in tilapia diet, especially in rice-producing countries such as most of the Asian countries and some African countries. Oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called chaff (rice husk). rice bran A by-product of rice processing that is generally made of the envelopes, germs and fragments of endosperm of the rice grain. It is an energy feedstuff. A common ingredient used in tilapia diet, especially in rice-producing countries such as most of the Asian countries and some African countries. Yossa, R., Ahmad Fatan, N., Fairchild, J., & Schrama, J. W. (2021). Apparent digestibility coefficients of local palm kernel cakes, rice bran, maize bran and sago flour in the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Applied Aquaculture.;https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2020.1869635 Oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called chaff (rice husk). A by-product of the dry milling industry to produce maize flour and grits for human consumption, unlike in industrialized countries where maize bran is mainly the by-product of ethanol and starch production. Hence, in developing countries, the maize bran contains testa, the germ and broken pieces of the endosperm. Maize bran is widely used as an ingredient in animal feeds, because of its low price and availability in many local market. maize bran A by-product of the dry milling industry to produce maize flour and grits for human consumption, unlike in industrialized countries where maize bran is mainly the by-product of ethanol and starch production. Hence, in developing countries, the maize bran contains testa, the germ and broken pieces of the endosperm. Maize bran is widely used as an ingredient in animal feeds, because of its low price and availability in many local market. Yossa, R., Ahmad Fatan, N., Fairchild, J., & Schrama, J. W. (2021). Apparent digestibility coefficients of local palm kernel cakes, rice bran, maize bran and sago flour in the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Applied Aquaculture.;https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2020.1869635 Is extracted from the pith located in the sago palm stem, below the lignified bark. The processing consists of drying the wet sago pith and then grinding it to produce fine particle sizes of the sago meal, which is primarily used in human nutrition, but there is a growing interest in using it as energy source in animal diets because of its high carbohydrate (>80% on dry matter basis) content. sago flour Is extracted from the pith located in the sago palm stem, below the lignified bark. The processing consists of drying the wet sago pith and then grinding it to produce fine particle sizes of the sago meal, which is primarily used in human nutrition, but there is a growing interest in using it as energy source in animal diets because of its high carbohydrate (>80% on dry matter basis) content. Yossa, R., Ahmad Fatan, N., Fairchild, J., & Schrama, J. W. (2021). Apparent digestibility coefficients of local palm kernel cakes, rice bran, maize bran and sago flour in the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Applied Aquaculture.;https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2020.1869635 An animal manure obtained by drying and grinding or otherwise treating fish or fish waste to which no other matter has been added. Protein-rich meal derived from processing whole fish (usually small pelagic fish or bycatch) as well as residues and by-products from fish processing plants (fish oppal). Used mainly as agriculture feeds for domestic livestock and as aquaculture feeds for carnivorous aquatic species. fish meal An animal manure obtained by drying and grinding or otherwise treating fish or fish waste to which no other matter has been added. Protein-rich meal derived from processing whole fish (usually small pelagic fish or bycatch) as well as residues and by-products from fish processing plants (fish oppal). Used mainly as agriculture feeds for domestic livestock and as aquaculture feeds for carnivorous aquatic species. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO; Extract, concentrate or isolate high in gluten, the predominant protein of wheat or corn. gluten Extract, concentrate or isolate high in gluten, the predominant protein of wheat or corn. A by-product after the removal of the oil from soya beans. It is one of the most important protein source of feed of productive farm animals and as partial or entire replacement of fish meal. soybean meal A by-product after the removal of the oil from soya beans. It is one of the most important protein source of feed of productive farm animals and as partial or entire replacement of fish meal. Hertrampf J. W. & Piedad-Pascual F. (2000). Vegetable oil meals. In: Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds (pp. 445-508). Dordrecht: Springer. ;https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_46 It is a cereal, belonging to the family Poaceae. Of the total world production about 30% are consumed by man and the remaining 70% are used as feedstuffs. It has been utilized as one of the ingredients for the feeds of aquatic organisms. maize corn It is a cereal, belonging to the family Poaceae. Of the total world production about 30% are consumed by man and the remaining 70% are used as feedstuffs. It has been utilized as one of the ingredients for the feeds of aquatic organisms. Hertrampf J. W. & Piedad-Pascual F. (2000). Maize products. In: Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds (pp. 262-280). Dordrecht: Springer. ;https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_28 It is a by-product of the dry milling of common wheat into flour, is one of the major agro-industrial by-products used in animal feeding. It consists of the outer layers (cuticle, pericarp and seedcoat) combined with small amounts of starchy endosperm of the wheat kernel. The high fibre content of wheat bran limits its use to herbivorous and omnivorous fish. Recommended rates are generally between 2 and 5% and the bran should preferably be extruded. Wheat bran has been tested and used in numerous fish species and higher inclusion rates seem possible in some situations. wheat bran It is a by-product of the dry milling of common wheat into flour, is one of the major agro-industrial by-products used in animal feeding. It consists of the outer layers (cuticle, pericarp and seedcoat) combined with small amounts of starchy endosperm of the wheat kernel. The high fibre content of wheat bran limits its use to herbivorous and omnivorous fish. Recommended rates are generally between 2 and 5% and the bran should preferably be extruded. Wheat bran has been tested and used in numerous fish species and higher inclusion rates seem possible in some situations. Heuzé V., Tran G., Baumont R., Noblet J., Renaudeau D., Lessire M. & Lebas F. (2015). Wheat bran. Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. ;https://www.feedipedia.org/node/726 Vegetable oil developed from rapeseed plant. Vegetable oil developed from rapeseed plant. Contains 40 to 50% oil. Ithas an adequate content of the essential linoleic acid and is, therefore, a useful ingredient in diets for cultured aquatic animals. rapeseed oil canola oil Vegetable oil developed from rapeseed plant. Vegetable oil developed from rapeseed plant. Contains 40 to 50% oil. Ithas an adequate content of the essential linoleic acid and is, therefore, a useful ingredient in diets for cultured aquatic animals. Hertrampf J. W. & Piedad-Pascual F. (2000). Vegetable oils. In: Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds (pp. 415-444). Dordrecht: Springer. ;https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_45 An oil derived from the tissues of oily fish. Fish oil is considered valuable due to its high content of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Such fatty acids are not actually produced in fish, but are accumulated from phytoplankton which produce omega-3 fatty acids. An oil derived from the tissues of oily fish. Fish oil is considered valuable due to its high content of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Such fatty acids are not actually produced in fish, but are accumulated from phytoplankton which produce omega-3 fatty acids. Extracted from fishery materials prior to making fish meal. Fish oil is an excellent source of energy, Vitamin A , D and omega-3 fatty acids. Vitamin A and D are concentrated in the liver of fish, therefore the concentration of Vitamin A and D is higher in oils extracted from livers, such as, cod liver oil, tuna liver oil, etc. Vitamin A and D can normally be provided more economically using synthetic sources. fish oil An oil derived from the tissues of oily fish. Fish oil is considered valuable due to its high content of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Such fatty acids are not actually produced in fish, but are accumulated from phytoplankton which produce omega-3 fatty acids. An oil derived from the tissues of oily fish. Fish oil is considered valuable due to its high content of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Such fatty acids are not actually produced in fish, but are accumulated from phytoplankton which produce omega-3 fatty acids. Extracted from fishery materials prior to making fish meal. Fish oil is an excellent source of energy, Vitamin A , D and omega-3 fatty acids. Vitamin A and D are concentrated in the liver of fish, therefore the concentration of Vitamin A and D is higher in oils extracted from livers, such as, cod liver oil, tuna liver oil, etc. Vitamin A and D can normally be provided more economically using synthetic sources. Fish oil. (2012). Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. ;https://www.feedipedia.org/node/205 A by-product of soybean processing produced by further manufacturing of crude soy oil. Lecithin is the gummy material contained in crude vegetable oils and removed by a degumming process. Soy lecithin is an excellent source of phospholipids, or phosphatides for aquafeeds. Phospholipids are the molecules that make up cell membranes. lecithin - soy A by-product of soybean processing produced by further manufacturing of crude soy oil. Lecithin is the gummy material contained in crude vegetable oils and removed by a degumming process. Soy lecithin is an excellent source of phospholipids, or phosphatides for aquafeeds. Phospholipids are the molecules that make up cell membranes. Using soy to feed fish. (2021). Chesterfield, MO: USSoy.org;https://ussoy.org/about-aquaculture/using-soy-to-feed-fish/ One of the available methionine products. Metionine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that plays a key role in normal growth and development for fish. It is included in feed to balance amino acids and reduce the level of dietary fish meal without negative impact on their growth. DL-Methionine One of the available methionine products. Metionine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that plays a key role in normal growth and development for fish. It is included in feed to balance amino acids and reduce the level of dietary fish meal without negative impact on their growth. Zhou, Y., He, J., Su, N., Masagounder, K., Xu, M., Chen, L., ... & Ye, C. (2021). Effects of DL-methionine and a methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA-Ca) on growth, amino acid profiles and the expression of genes related to taurine and protein synthesis in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, 532, 735962.;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735962 A nutritional supplement containing the biologically active L-isomer of the essential amino acid lysine, with potential anti-mucositis activity. Upon oral intake, L-lysine promotes healthy tissue function, growth and healing and improves the immune system. L-Lysine promotes calcium uptake, is essential for carnitine production and collagen formation. As collagen is essential for connective tissue maintenance, this agent may also help heal mucosal wounds. This may help decrease and prevent mucositis induced by radiation or chemotherapy. L-Lysine A nutritional supplement containing the biologically active L-isomer of the essential amino acid lysine, with potential anti-mucositis activity. Upon oral intake, L-lysine promotes healthy tissue function, growth and healing and improves the immune system. L-Lysine promotes calcium uptake, is essential for carnitine production and collagen formation. As collagen is essential for connective tissue maintenance, this agent may also help heal mucosal wounds. This may help decrease and prevent mucositis induced by radiation or chemotherapy. Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, dough conditioner, firming agent, flour treatment agent, humectants, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, stabilizer, texturizing agent. Is a feed additive incorporated into fish feed to provide calcium and phosphorus, which are important minerals for growth. It is derived from bones of animals which undergo several chemical processes (in which a large amount of protein is lost) before it can be safe for usage. dicalcium phosphate Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, dough conditioner, firming agent, flour treatment agent, humectants, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, stabilizer, texturizing agent. Is a feed additive incorporated into fish feed to provide calcium and phosphorus, which are important minerals for growth. It is derived from bones of animals which undergo several chemical processes (in which a large amount of protein is lost) before it can be safe for usage. Soyinka, O. O., & Boafo, F. O. (2015). Growth Performance, Haematology and Biochemical Characteristics of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Juveniles fed Quail Eggshells as Replacement for Dicalcium Phosphate. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 3(1&2): 49 – 54, 2015;http://196.45.48.59/bitstream/handle/123456789/732/Growth%20Performance%2C%20Haematology%20and%20Biochemical%20Characteristics%20of%20Clarias%20gariepinus.pdf A preliminary mix of trace minerals which are included in fish diets. trace mineral premix This could be a private product stay-C A preliminary mix of vitamins which are included in fish diets. vitamin premix Is a marker that could be used in digestibility studies in animals as an alternative to the total collection method. It consists of indigestible mineral components, mainly silica. Acid-insoluble ash contents of feeds and faeces are determined gravimetrically after drying, ashing, boiling of ash in hydrochloric acid (HCl), filtering and washing of the hot hydrolysate, and re-ashing. acid insoluble ash Is a marker that could be used in digestibility studies in animals as an alternative to the total collection method. It consists of indigestible mineral components, mainly silica. Acid-insoluble ash contents of feeds and faeces are determined gravimetrically after drying, ashing, boiling of ash in hydrochloric acid (HCl), filtering and washing of the hot hydrolysate, and re-ashing. Sales, J., & Janssens, G. P. J. (2003). Acid-insoluble ash as a marker in digestibility studies: a review. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 12(3), 383-401.; Refers to the coarse, fibrous and indigestible portion of feeds and feed ingredients, relatively low in digestibility and nutritive value such as cellulose. Measures the material remaining in a sample after it has been boiled in a weak acid, followed by boiling in a weak base, minus the inorganic residue (ash). crude fiber content Refers to the coarse, fibrous and indigestible portion of feeds and feed ingredients, relatively low in digestibility and nutritive value such as cellulose. Measures the material remaining in a sample after it has been boiled in a weak acid, followed by boiling in a weak base, minus the inorganic residue (ash). Revised implementing rules and regulations (revIRR) on the registration of feed establishments and feed froducts. (2007). Philippines. ; Hardy, R. W. (eds). (2002). Fish nutrition, (3rd ed.). Netherlands: Elsevier.;https://www.bai.gov.ph/index.php/laws-issuances/administrative-order/category/86-ao-2007 Food content condition in which the amount of carbohydrate in the diet is manipulated. carbohydrate content Food content condition in which the amount of carbohydrate in the diet is manipulated. Is the difference between the final weight and the initial weight of the entire fish biomass. total weight gain weight gain Is the difference between the final weight and the initial weight of the entire fish biomass. Lopez-Betancur, D., Moreno, I., Guerrero-Mendez, C., Gomez-Melendez, D., Macias P, M. D. J., & Olvera-Olvera, C. (2020). Effects of Colored Light on Growth and Nutritional Composition of Tilapia, and Biofloc as a Food Source. Applied Sciences, 10(1), 362.;https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010362 The method used to predict the growth rate of cultured fish taking into account the water temperature variation. The assumptions of the TGC model are that: (1) growth rate increases linearly with temperature, (2) the length (L) and weight (W) relationship is W α L3, and (3) the growth in length for any temperature is constant over time. TGC thermal-unit growth coefficient The method used to predict the growth rate of cultured fish taking into account the water temperature variation. The assumptions of the TGC model are that: (1) growth rate increases linearly with temperature, (2) the length (L) and weight (W) relationship is W α L3, and (3) the growth in length for any temperature is constant over time. Thorarensen, H., & Farrell, A. P. (2011). The biological requirements for post-smolt Atlantic salmon in closed-containment systems. Aquaculture, 312(1-4), 1-14.;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.11.043 A mathematical measurement of the degree of “plumpness,” or the general health of a fish or group of fishes. CF condition factor Is defined as the linear measurement from the mideye to the hypural plate of the fish. body length fish length Is defined as the linear measurement from the mideye to the hypural plate of the fish. Lin, J. E., Hard, J. J., Hilborn, R., & Hauser, L. (2017). Modeling local adaptation and gene flow in sockeye salmon. Ecosphere, 8(12), e02039.;https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2039 Refers to the number of individual fish in a catch (usually grouped by species) number of fish Refers to the difference between the weight of the dry diet provided and the dried uneaten diet retrieved. dry feed intake Refers to the difference between the weight of the dry diet provided and the dried uneaten diet retrieved. Mzengereza, K., Ishikawa, M., Koshio, S., Yokoyama, S., Yukun, Z., Shadrack, R. S., ... & Dawood, M. A. (2021). Growth Performance, Growth-Related Genes, Digestibility, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune and Stress Responses of de novo Camelina Meal in Diets of Red Seabream (Pagrus major). Animals, 11(11), 3118.; The ratio of liver weight to total body weight; it is used as a measure of the energy reserves of a fish. HSI hepatosomatic Index The ratio of liver weight to total body weight; it is used as a measure of the energy reserves of a fish. U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). NAL Agricultural Thesaurus and Glossary. Beltsville, MD: U.S.D.A. ;https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?s=1&n=1&y=0&l=60&k=glossary&t=2&w=hepatosomatic+index The relationship of gonad weight to total body weight, or total body weight to gonad weight, usually expressed in percent. GSI gonadosomatic index The relationship of gonad weight to total body weight, or total body weight to gonad weight, usually expressed in percent. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; The total weight of the liver and the water contained in it. Used in calculating the HSI. liver wet weight The total weight of the gonad and the water contained in it. Used in calculating the GSI. gonad wet weight The total weight of the gonad and the water contained in it. Used in calculating the GSI. Mercier, A., & Hamel, J. F. (2009). Endogenous and Exogenous Control of Gametogenesis and Spawning in Echinoderms. Advances in marine biology, 55, 1-291.;https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(09)55004-3 Number of fish alive after a specified time interval, divided by the initial number. survival rate Number of fish alive after a specified time interval, divided by the initial number. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to the amount of lipid retained or incorporated into the fish from the feed, computed as lipid efficiency ratio (LER) = fish weight gain / gross lipid intake. LER lipid efficiency ratio Refers to the amount of lipid retained or incorporated into the fish from the feed, computed as lipid efficiency ratio (LER) = fish weight gain / gross lipid intake. Aas, T. S., Ytrestøyl, T., & Åsgård, T. (2019). Utilization of feed resources in the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway: An update for 2016. Aquaculture Reports, 15, 100216.;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100216 Refers to total protein gained by the fish from the gross protein intake from the feed, computed as protein productive value (PPV) = protein gain / gross protein intake. PPV protein productive value Refers to total protein gained by the fish from the gross protein intake from the feed, computed as protein productive value (PPV) = protein gain / gross protein intake. Chowdhury, M. A. K., Goda, A. M. A. S., El-Haroun, E. R., Wafa, M. A., & Salah El-Din, S. A. (2008). Effect of dietary protein and feeding time on growth performance and feed utilization of post larval freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 3(1), 1-11.;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113118 Refers to total energy gained by the fish from the gross energy intake from the feed, computed as energy productive value (EPV) = energy gain / gross protein intake. EPV energy productive value Refers to total energy gained by the fish from the gross energy intake from the feed, computed as energy productive value (EPV) = energy gain / gross protein intake. Zhu, X. Z., Liu, Y. J., Tian, L. X., Mai, K. S., Zheng, S. X., Pan, Q. J., ... & Hu, Y. (2010). Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and energy productive value of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at different salinities. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16(4), 392-399.;https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00677.x Refers to the gross protein intake by a fish from the feed. total protein intake Refers to the gross protein intake by a fish from the feed. Zhu, X. Z., Liu, Y. J., Tian, L. X., Mai, K. S., Zheng, S. X., Pan, Q. J., ... & Hu, Y. (2010). Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and energy productive value of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at different salinities. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16(4), 392-399.;https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00677.x Refers to the gross lipid intake by a fish from the feed. total lipid intake Refers to the gross lipid intake by a fish from the feed. Aas, T. S., Ytrestøyl, T., & Åsgård, T. (2019). Utilization of feed resources in the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway: An update for 2016. Aquaculture Reports, 15, 100216.;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100216 Entity of water with definite hydrological, hydrogeomorphological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics in a given geographical area. water body Entity of water with definite hydrological, hydrogeomorphological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics in a given geographical area. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ The total number (or weight) of fish caught by fishing operations. Catch should include all fish killed by the act of fishing, not just those landed. The component of fish encountering fishing gear, which is retained by the gear. catch The total number (or weight) of fish caught by fishing operations. Catch should include all fish killed by the act of fishing, not just those landed. The component of fish encountering fishing gear, which is retained by the gear. Blackhart, K., Stanton, D. G., & Shimada, A. M. (2006). NOAA fisheries glossary (Revised edition). Silver Spring, MD: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.;https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/tm69.pdf Coastal and offshore waters in which the salinity is maximal (around 35 ppt) and not subject to significant daily and seasonal variation. marine water body Coastal and offshore waters in which the salinity is maximal (around 35 ppt) and not subject to significant daily and seasonal variation. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Ridge or hummock formed in shallow ocean areas from the external skeletons of corals. The skeleton consists of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), or limestone. A coral reef may grow into a permanent coral island, or it may take one of four principal forms. Fringing reefs consist of a flat reef area around a nonreef island. Barrier reefs may lie a mile or more offshore, separated from the landmass by a lagoon or channel. Atolls are circular reefs without a central landmass. Patch reefs have irregular tablelike or pinnacle features. Smaller patches occur inside atoll lagoons; larger patches occur as isolated parts of any of the other three reef categories, and they sometimes occur completely separate from other kinds of reefs. coral reef Ridge or hummock formed in shallow ocean areas from the external skeletons of corals. The skeleton consists of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), or limestone. A coral reef may grow into a permanent coral island, or it may take one of four principal forms. Fringing reefs consist of a flat reef area around a nonreef island. Barrier reefs may lie a mile or more offshore, separated from the landmass by a lagoon or channel. Atolls are circular reefs without a central landmass. Patch reefs have irregular tablelike or pinnacle features. Smaller patches occur inside atoll lagoons; larger patches occur as isolated parts of any of the other three reef categories, and they sometimes occur completely separate from other kinds of reefs. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2020, Jun 18). Coral reef summary. Encyclopedia Britannica. ;https://www.britannica.com/summary/coral-reef The part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. demersal deep water‚Äã DEMERSAL ZONE???? The part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. Demersal zone. (2021, Aug 7). Demersal zone. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demersal_zone Ecological realm that includes the entire ocean water column. Of all the inhabited Earth environments, the pelagic zone has the largest volume, 1,370,000,000 cubic kilometres (330,000,000 cubic miles), and the greatest vertical range, 11,000 metres (36,000 feet). pelagic zone Ecological realm that includes the entire ocean water column. Of all the inhabited Earth environments, the pelagic zone has the largest volume, 1,370,000,000 cubic kilometres (330,000,000 cubic miles), and the greatest vertical range, 11,000 metres (36,000 feet). The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2020, Mar 06). Pelagic zone. Encyclopedia Britannica.;https://www.britannica.com/science/pelagic-zone A tidal salt marsh (intertidal) community dominated by trees and shrubs, particularly of the genus Rhizophora, many of which produce adventitious aerial roots. Develops in tropical and subtropical areas, in predominantly muddy or sandy substrates, and along protected coastlines. It produces both forest and fisheries resources and goods. mangrove A tidal salt marsh (intertidal) community dominated by trees and shrubs, particularly of the genus Rhizophora, many of which produce adventitious aerial roots. Develops in tropical and subtropical areas, in predominantly muddy or sandy substrates, and along protected coastlines. It produces both forest and fisheries resources and goods. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Water occurring on the earth’s surface in glaciers, lakes and rivers (i.e. surface water), and underground in aquifers (i.e. groundwater). Its key factor is a low concentration of dissolved salts. fresh water body Water occurring on the earth’s surface in glaciers, lakes and rivers (i.e. surface water), and underground in aquifers (i.e. groundwater). Its key factor is a low concentration of dissolved salts. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Relatively large body of slow-moving or standing water that occupies an inland basin. lake Relatively large body of slow-moving or standing water that occupies an inland basin. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2019, Aug 14). Lake summary. Encyclopedia Britannica. ;https://www.britannica.com/summary/lake Natural stream of water that flows in a channel with more or less defined banks. Rivers are a fundamental link in the hydrologic cycle, and they play a major role in shaping the surface features of the Earth. River flow is sustained by the difference between water input and output. Rivers are fed by overland runoff, groundwater seepage, and meltwater released along the edges of snowfields and glaciers. D river Natural stream of water that flows in a channel with more or less defined banks. Rivers are a fundamental link in the hydrologic cycle, and they play a major role in shaping the surface features of the Earth. River flow is sustained by the difference between water input and output. Rivers are fed by overland runoff, groundwater seepage, and meltwater released along the edges of snowfields and glaciers. D The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2020, Nov 11). River summary. Encyclopedia Britannica. ;https://www.britannica.com/summary/river Refers to a small, level, flooded field used to cultivate rice. paddy rice paddy rice field Refers to a small, level, flooded field used to cultivate rice. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2016, June 10). Paddy: Agriculture. Encyclopedia Britannica. ;https://www.britannica.com/topic/paddy A hydraulic system whose main objective is to convey water from a source (dam and river) to different users.  An artificial channel that is the main waterway that brings irrigation water from a water source to the area to be irrigated. They can be lined with concrete, brick, stone or a flexible membrane to prevent seepage and erosion. irrigation canal irrigation channel A hydraulic system whose main objective is to convey water from a source (dam and river) to different users.  Irrigation Canal - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (2018). Sciencedirect.com. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/irrigation-canal Water in which the salinity is appreciable but not to a constant high level. It is usually characterized by regular daily and seasonal fluctuations in salinity due to freshwater and full strength marine water influxes. brackish water body Water in which the salinity is appreciable but not to a constant high level. It is usually characterized by regular daily and seasonal fluctuations in salinity due to freshwater and full strength marine water influxes. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ A coastal wetland that is flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides. Salt marsh is marshy because the soil may be composed of deep mud and peat. salt marsh A coastal wetland that is flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides. Salt marsh is marshy because the soil may be composed of deep mud and peat. NOAA. (2021). What is a salt marsh? Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanic Service.;https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/contact.html River mouth. An area in which sea water is appreciably diluted by fresh water from one or more rivers. estuary River mouth. An area in which sea water is appreciably diluted by fresh water from one or more rivers. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ An underwater ecosystem formed by seagrasses providing habitats and food for a diversity of marine life; comparable to that of coral reefs. seagrass meadow seagrass bed seagrass flat An underwater ecosystem formed by seagrasses providing habitats and food for a diversity of marine life; comparable to that of coral reefs. Seagrass meadow. (2021, 24 November). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass_meadow A body of water or waterbody (often spelled water body) is any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface. The term most often refers to oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. body of water water body qualities A body of water or waterbody (often spelled water body) is any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface. The term most often refers to oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. Body of water. (2021, October 11). Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 28, 2021.;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Body_of_water&oldid=1049410620 Refers to the freshness and fish size grade of catch. Catch quality determines the sales prize . catch quality Refers to the freshness and fish size grade of catch. Catch quality determines the sales prize . Witteveen, A., Hazel Curtis, H., Johnson, A. F. & Noble, S. (2017). Best practice guidance for assessing the financial effectiveness of fishing gear: Scientist-led trials. Edinburgh, Scotland: Seafish.;https://www.seafish.org/document/?id=72a142a8-7bf8-4f2b-ae4e-c82c8c2b9d8c the size and shape of the fish or other aquatic foods catch morphological qualities Refer to grades of fish, where the species, condition and size and sometimes colour of a product determines which grade it is given, which in turn determines the price. market related fish qualities The estimated number of fish caught, tabulated by size class and by other strata such as gear, nation and quarter. For any given species, CAS should include all fish killed by the act of fishing, not just those fish that are landed. catch size (catch-at-size) Refers to the total number of fish species caught per fishing activity and area fished. catch number Refers to the total number of fish species caught per fishing activity and area fished. Runnebaum, J. M. (2017). Improving Management and Conservation of Cusk (Brosme brosme): Habitat Distribution, Bycatch Interactions, and Conservation Practices. Unpublished Dissertation. The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.;http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2725 Refers to the quantity of the catch that can be sold and includes both target species and marketable bycatch. marketable catch number Refers to the quantity of the catch that can be sold and includes both target species and marketable bycatch. Witteveen, A., Hazel Curtis, H., Johnson, A. F. & Noble, S. (2017). Best practice guidance for assessing the financial effectiveness of fishing gear: Scientist-led trials. Edinburgh, Scotland: Seafish.;https://www.seafish.org/document/?id=72a142a8-7bf8-4f2b-ae4e-c82c8c2b9d8c Refers to the price of the fish that needs to be paid by the customer. catch price Refers to the size and freshness of the catch. catch quality catch condition Refers to the categories of the catch according to the quality and size of the fish. Catch grade determines the value of the catch. catch grade Refers to the categories of the catch according to the quality and size of the fish. Catch grade determines the value of the catch. Strategies for trawl fisheries bycatch management: Report on develop, update and manage a database for trawl fisheries in Vietnam. (2014). Samut Prakarn, Thailand: Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.;http://repository.seafdec.or.th/bitstream/handle/20.500.12067/1446/VN_2015_database_report.pdf Refer to the characteristics that can be measured in relation to fish processing. catch processing qualities Refers to the various treatments of captured fish or fisheries products onboard the vessel, to prepare it for sale upon landing (e.g. removing the head, gutting, bleeding etc) on-board processing Refers to the methods of preserving the catch inshore and offshore. catch preservation Refers to the recorded depth of the water body at the time the of the sampling. water depth Refers to the recorded depth of the water body at the time the of the sampling. Degen, R., Vedenin, A., Gusky, M., Boetius, A., & Brey, T. (2015). Patterns and trends of macrobenthic abundance, biomass and production in the deep Arctic Ocean. Polar Research, 34(1), 24008.;https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.24008 Refers to the recorded temperature of the water body at the time the of the sampling. water temperature Measures how acidic or basic the water is on a scale from 1-14. Water below pH 7 is acidic, and water above pH 7 is basic. "e pH of the water affects fish egg production and survival, aquatic insect survival and emergence, and the toxicity of other pollutants. water pH Measures how acidic or basic the water is on a scale from 1-14. Water below pH 7 is acidic, and water above pH 7 is basic. "e pH of the water affects fish egg production and survival, aquatic insect survival and emergence, and the toxicity of other pollutants. FishWatch: Habitat and water quality monitoring in the Copper River watershed, five year summary report: 2002-2006. (2007). Alaska: Copper River Watershed Project.;https://copperriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/FishWatch-Summary-Rpt.pdf A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption agricultural process Any activity, other than scientific research conducted by a scientific research vessel, that involves the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish; or any attempt to do so; or any activity that can reasonably be expected to result in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish and any operations at sea in support of it. fishing catch harvesting process Any activity, other than scientific research conducted by a scientific research vessel, that involves the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish; or any attempt to do so; or any activity that can reasonably be expected to result in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish and any operations at sea in support of it. BFO:0000066 some 'water body'|RO:0000057 some catch|RO:0000057 some fisher|piscicultural process;FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO. https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ A gender-neutral name for a person (male or female) participating in a fishery fisher A gender-neutral name for a person (male or female) participating in a fishery Blackhart, K., Stanton, D. G., & Shimada, A. M. (2006). NOAA fisheries glossary (Revised edition). Silver Spring, MD: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.;https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/tm69.pdf All the persons, kin and non-kin, who live in the same dwelling and share income, expenses and daily subsistence tasks. household member All the persons, kin and non-kin, who live in the same dwelling and share income, expenses and daily subsistence tasks. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en Refers to the demographic (e.g., age, sex, marital status, educational status, etc.) and socio-economic (e.g., monthly income, work/profession, etc.) profiles of any household member. household member characteristics household member qualities Refers to the demographic (e.g., age, sex, marital status, educational status, etc.) and socio-economic (e.g., monthly income, work/profession, etc.) profiles of any household member. FAO. (2016). Report of the Workshops to present the initial research findings from a nation-wide survey and analysis on social protection and poverty dimensions in support of rural development and poverty reduction in Myanmar, Nay Pyi Taw and Yangoon, Myanmar, 29–30 September 2015. Rome, Italy: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/3/i5348e/i5348e.pdf The fishery sub-sector representing marine or freshwater fishers operating with either no fishing vessels or vessels less than 12m in length, using non-technical and/or manpowered gears. artisanal fisheries small scale fisheries The fishery sub-sector representing marine or freshwater fishers operating with either no fishing vessels or vessels less than 12m in length, using non-technical and/or manpowered gears. Small-scale fisheries. (2021). Agrovoc. Rome: FAO.;http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331367 A basic unit for socio-cultural and economic analysis, a household may consist of persons (sometimes one but generally two or more) living together and jointly making provision for food or other essentials elements of the livelihood. household A basic unit for socio-cultural and economic analysis, a household may consist of persons (sometimes one but generally two or more) living together and jointly making provision for food or other essentials elements of the livelihood. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ A fishing gear is a tool or method used to catch fish, such as hook-and-line, trawl net, gillnet, pot, trap, spear, manual collection etc. fishing gear gear A fishing gear is a tool or method used to catch fish, such as hook-and-line, trawl net, gillnet, pot, trap, spear, manual collection etc. Blackhart, K., Stanton, D. G., & Shimada, A. M. (2006). NOAA fisheries glossary (Revised edition). Silver Spring, MD: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.;https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/tm69.pdf Refer to the characteristics of the fish gills that can be measured. gill morphological qualities Watercrafts that do not have engines used for the purpose of transporting the fish from the fishing ground to the market in the course of fishing operations. fishing boat unmotorized boat Watercrafts that do not have engines used for the purpose of transporting the fish from the fishing ground to the market in the course of fishing operations. Philippines. Ministry of Natural Resources. (1983). FAO No. 144: Rules and regulations on commercial fishing. Philippines: Ministry of Natural Resources.;https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/LAW?fi=274 Any engine-powered boat skiff motorboat motorized boat Is a lightweight narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using a single-bladed paddle. canoe Is a lightweight narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using a single-bladed paddle. c;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe A long narrow buoyant board propelled with a long paddle while standing or kneeling paddle board A long narrow buoyant board propelled with a long paddle while standing or kneeling Paddleboard. (2021, Nov 28). Merriam-Webster.com dictionary.;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paddleboard As part of modern Monitoring, Control and Surveillance systems (MCS) the vessel monitoring system (VMS) is a vessel tracking system (usually satellite-based) which provides management authorities with accurate information on fishing vessels position, course and speed at time intervals. Detail of VMS approved equipment and operational use will vary with the requirements of the nation of the vessel's registry, and the regional or national water in which the vessel is operating. boat tracker vms As part of modern Monitoring, Control and Surveillance systems (MCS) the vessel monitoring system (VMS) is a vessel tracking system (usually satellite-based) which provides management authorities with accurate information on fishing vessels position, course and speed at time intervals. Detail of VMS approved equipment and operational use will vary with the requirements of the nation of the vessel's registry, and the regional or national water in which the vessel is operating. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Is a vessel that is propelled partly or entirely by the wind using sails. sail boat Is a vessel that is propelled partly or entirely by the wind using sails. Different Types of Boats. (2017). Australia: Oceantime Marine.;https://oceantimemarine.com/en-au/different-types-boats/ Refers to the characteristics of a fishing gear that can be measured, such as mesh size of a net gear qualities Refers to the length of equipment used for fishing, such as the length of nets, line, etc. gear length Refers to the weight of the hull, deck and superstructure, permanent appurtenances and full fuel tanks. For inboard boats it also includes the engine weight. boat weight Refers to the material used t construct the hull of a fishing boat. Most common are wood, steel, ferrocement and fiberglass. boat hull material a net used for fishing. Nets can be made from various materials (monofilament or braided nylon, or natural fibres) that are knotted or woven into a mesh structure. Some fishing nets are also further engineered into fish traps, such as fyke nets. net net fishing net a net used for fishing. Nets can be made from various materials (monofilament or braided nylon, or natural fibres) that are knotted or woven into a mesh structure. Some fishing nets are also further engineered into fish traps, such as fyke nets. Fishing net. (2021, Dec 01). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_net A kind of survey which explores agricultural practises and characteristics of households agricultural household survey Refers to the role of the fishers or the fishing vessel crew members based on their specialized skills. Fishing boats are usually composed of a captain, first and second mates, boatswain, and deckhands. The number of fishers varies depending on the fishing vessel's size and operation. fisher role the owner of the fishing vessel boat owner refers to the division of a vessel's catch among the shareholders. Catch shares may be bought with labour (by fishing on the boat), or contribution of equipment (boat, engine) or gears (nets) catch share refers to the division of a vessel's catch among the shareholders. Catch shares may be bought with labour (by fishing on the boat), or contribution of equipment (boat, engine) or gears (nets) Midway, S. (2012). Q-n-A: Catch shares. The fisheries blog. ;https://thefisheriesblog.com/2012/10/08/q-n-a-catch-shares/ a man or woman employed by someone to work as a fisher employed fisher Refers to the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the water at any given temperature. The primary sources for dissolved oxygen are photosynthetic activities of aquatic plants and aeration from moving water such as waves and currents. Demands on DO come from plant respiration and the decomposition of organic materials by bacteria and other microorganisms. water dissolved oxygen Refers to the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the water at any given temperature. The primary sources for dissolved oxygen are photosynthetic activities of aquatic plants and aeration from moving water such as waves and currents. Demands on DO come from plant respiration and the decomposition of organic materials by bacteria and other microorganisms. FishWatch: Habitat and water quality monitoring in the Copper River watershed, five year summary report: 2002-2006. (2007). Alaska: Copper River Watershed Project.;https://copperriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/FishWatch-Summary-Rpt.pdf pisciculture or aquaculture involves commercial breeding of fish, usually for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. It is a particular type of aquaculture, which is the controlled cultivation and harvesting of aquatic animals such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and so on, in natural or pseudo-natural environment pisciculture Refer to the characteristics that can be measured in the head of fish. fish head qualities Refer to the characteristics that can be measured in the fins of fish. fin qualities Refer to the morphological characteristics that can be measured in the fish. whole fish morphological qualities Refer to the characteristics that can be measured in relation to fish nutrition. fish nutrition qualities Refer to the characteristics of the fish liver that can be measured. fish liver qualities Refer to the characteristics of the fish gonad that can be measured. fish gonad qualities Measurement of the widest portion of brain case, at point where dorso-lateral keel of pterotic spine joins orbital crest. head width Measurement of the widest portion of brain case, at point where dorso-lateral keel of pterotic spine joins orbital crest. Gehringer, J. W. (1956). Observations on the development of the Atlantic sailfish Istiophorus americanus (Cuvier) with notes on an unidentified species of istiophorid. Fishery Bulletin, 57(1), 139-171.;https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/pdf-content/fish-bull/fb57.4.pdf Refer to the characteristics that can be measured in the viscera of fish. viscera qualities Refers to the combined length of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. gut length Refers to the combined length of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Wehrle, B. A., Herrel, A., Nguyen-Phuc, B. Q., Maldonado Jr, S., Dang, R. K., Agnihotri, R., ... & German, D. P. (2020). Rapid Dietary Shift in Podarcis siculus Resulted in Localized Changes in Gut Function. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 93(5), 396-415.;https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/709848 The distance from the most anterior point of the head to the most posterior tip of the fish tail. fish total length The distance from the most anterior point of the head to the most posterior tip of the fish tail. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; The size parameter used to measure and compare fish lengths. It is measured from the tip of the mouth of the fish to the base of the tail, and does not include the caudal fin,as it can often be varying in farmed fish. fish standard lenght The size parameter used to measure and compare fish lengths. It is measured from the tip of the mouth of the fish to the base of the tail, and does not include the caudal fin,as it can often be varying in farmed fish. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; Refer to the characteristics that can be measured in relation to fish health. fish health qualities Refers to the number of Lernaea that have infected each fish. Lernaea is a copepod, parasitic on many freshwater fishes species, and is extremely common among the cyprinid fishes. lernaea count? Lernaea count Refers to the number of Lernaea that have infected each fish. Lernaea is a copepod, parasitic on many freshwater fishes species, and is extremely common among the cyprinid fishes. Malekzehi, M. H., Esmaeili, H. R., Zareian, H., Farahani, Z., & Pazira, A. (2014). Incidence of Lernaea (Crustacea: Copepoda) parasitic in the Mashkid River Basin, Southeast of Iran. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 2(1), 9-13.; A score given to describe the severity of the cutaneous lesions of fishes infected with a disease such as the epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), also known as red spot disease. red spot score A score given to describe the severity of the cutaneous lesions of fishes infected with a disease such as the epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), also known as red spot disease. Afzali, S. F., Daud, H. H. M., Sharifpour, I., Afsharnasab, M., & Shankar, S. (2015). Experimental infection of Aphanomyces invadans and susceptibility in seven species of tropical fish. Veterinary world, 8(9), 1038-1044.;http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.8/September-2015/2.pdf Refers to biological attributes that distinguish male, female, and/or hermaphrodite fishes. Sex may be defined according to gametes and genetic and non-genetic sex determination. fish sex Refers to biological attributes that distinguish male, female, and/or hermaphrodite fishes. Sex may be defined according to gametes and genetic and non-genetic sex determination. Schiebinger, L., Klinge, I., Sánchez de Madariaga, I., Paik, H. Y., Schraudner, M., and Stefanick, M. (Eds.) (2011-2021). Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering and Environment. ;https://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/terms/sex.html Is defined as the maximum width measured just posterior to the gill openings. body width fish width Is defined as the maximum width measured just posterior to the gill openings. Fernandez-Silva, I., Randall, J. E., Golani, D., & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2016). Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus Fernandez-Silva & Randall (Perciformes, Mullidae), a new subspecies of goatfish from the Red Sea and Arabian Sea. ZooKeys, (605), 131.;https://dx.doi.org/10.3897%2Fzookeys.605.8060 the wet weight (mass) of a whole fish fish weight the sum of the somatic and gonad weight of an individual fish; total weight the sum of the somatic and gonad weight of an individual fish; Boukal, D. S., Dieckmann, U., Enberg, K., Heino, M., & Jørgensen, C. (2014). Life-history implications of the allometric scaling of growth. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 359, 199-207.; Tanonaka, G. K. (1972). A general comparison of the commercial and sport salmon fisheries of the United States, 1940-70. Seattle, WA: Northwest Fisheries Center, Narional Marine Fisheries Service, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.05.022; https://www.webapps.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/26/7371_07242012_100006_Tanonaka.1972b.pdf the wet weight (mass) of a fish with guts removed head on gutted weight total weight log transform total weight sqrt Ammonia is a form of nitrogen found in organic materials and many fertilizers. It is the first form of nitrogen released when organic matter decays and is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by most fish and freshwater invertebrates. water total ammonia nitrogen Ammonia is a form of nitrogen found in organic materials and many fertilizers. It is the first form of nitrogen released when organic matter decays and is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by most fish and freshwater invertebrates. Sallenave, R. (2012). Understanding water quality parameters to better manage your pond (pp. 1-4). New Mexico: NM State University, Cooperative Extension Service.;https://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_w/W104/welcome.html Refers to the depth to which light can penetrate through water. The zone of photosynthetic activity is controlled, in part, by the depth to which there is sufficient light for photosynthesis. The presence of material that can scatter or absorb light, such as algae and suspended sediment (solids), will limit the depth to which light will penetrate. The depth at which the light intensity is 1 percent of the surface value generally defines the zone of photosynthetic activity or euphotic zone. water transparency Refers to the depth to which light can penetrate through water. The zone of photosynthetic activity is controlled, in part, by the depth to which there is sufficient light for photosynthesis. The presence of material that can scatter or absorb light, such as algae and suspended sediment (solids), will limit the depth to which light will penetrate. The depth at which the light intensity is 1 percent of the surface value generally defines the zone of photosynthetic activity or euphotic zone. Iwatsubo, R. T., Sylvester, M. A., & Gloege, I. S. (1988). Water Quality of the Lexington Reservoir, Santa Clara County, California, 1978-80 (Vol. 87, No. 4253). Sacramento, CA: Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey.;https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4253/report.pdf Refers to the water’s buffering capacity, or its ability to withstand changes in pH. It is a measure of the total concentration of bases in pond water, including carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, phosphates, and borates, and is expressed in ppm calcium carbonate. All these bases react with and neutralize acids, which in turn buffers changes in pH. water alkalinity Refers to the water’s buffering capacity, or its ability to withstand changes in pH. It is a measure of the total concentration of bases in pond water, including carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, phosphates, and borates, and is expressed in ppm calcium carbonate. All these bases react with and neutralize acids, which in turn buffers changes in pH. Sallenave, R. (2012). Understanding water quality parameters to better manage your pond (pp. 1-4). New Mexico: NM State University, Cooperative Extension Service.;https://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_w/W104/welcome.html A term that refers to the relative concentrations of calcium ions and magnesium ions in water. water hardness A term that refers to the relative concentrations of calcium ions and magnesium ions in water. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ CO2. A colourless, odourless gas resulting from the oxidation of carbon-containing substances, highly soluble in water, toxic to fish at levels of 20 ppm; toxicity increases with lower levels of oxygen. Carbon dioxide has an acidic reaction in water. water carbon dioxide CO2. A colourless, odourless gas resulting from the oxidation of carbon-containing substances, highly soluble in water, toxic to fish at levels of 20 ppm; toxicity increases with lower levels of oxygen. Carbon dioxide has an acidic reaction in water. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ H2S. A strong smelling, soluble gas, resulting from anaerobic decomposition; commonly found in the hypolimnion or bottom mud in lakes and reservoirs. Also can be released from the sedimented organic material (faeces and waste feed) that accumulates beneath fish cages or oyster trestles at sites restricted with regard to currents and depth. Definition source water hydrogen sulphide H2S. A strong smelling, soluble gas, resulting from anaerobic decomposition; commonly found in the hypolimnion or bottom mud in lakes and reservoirs. Also can be released from the sedimented organic material (faeces and waste feed) that accumulates beneath fish cages or oyster trestles at sites restricted with regard to currents and depth. Definition source FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ First step in the oxidation of the ammonia excreted by aquatic organisms as the end product of the protein metabolism. It inhibits the uptake of oxygen by haemoglobin and is thus toxic to fish. Crustaceans are affected to a lesser extend as haemoglobin is only partially inhibited. For a given concentration therefore, nitrite is usually more toxic in freshwater than in brackish or seawater. water nitrite First step in the oxidation of the ammonia excreted by aquatic organisms as the end product of the protein metabolism. It inhibits the uptake of oxygen by haemoglobin and is thus toxic to fish. Crustaceans are affected to a lesser extend as haemoglobin is only partially inhibited. For a given concentration therefore, nitrite is usually more toxic in freshwater than in brackish or seawater. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Referring to the disturbance or reduction in light transmittance in water resulting from suspended, colloidal or dissolved matter or the presence of planktonic organisms. water turbidity Referring to the disturbance or reduction in light transmittance in water resulting from suspended, colloidal or dissolved matter or the presence of planktonic organisms. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to the experimental culture of fish (or any other organisms) to determine the effectivity of culture methods or parameters affecting aquaculture productivity. aquaculture trial Refers to the process of giving feed to farmed fishes. fish feeding process Refers to the amount and types of nutrients a fish can derive from a particular feed. It is the is the key criteria on which farmers make their purchasing decisions (pellet size, uniformity of appearance, physical integrity water, stability and smell). fish feed qualities Refers to the amount and types of nutrients a fish can derive from a particular feed. It is the is the key criteria on which farmers make their purchasing decisions (pellet size, uniformity of appearance, physical integrity water, stability and smell). Ofori, S. (2015). A comparative study of some performance characteristics of cobb and ross broiler strains fed rations with varying levels of palm kernel oil residue (PKOR). (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Cape Coast, Ghana.; Ramaswamy, U. N., Mohan, A. B., & Metian, M. (2013). On-farm feed management practices for black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in India. In M. R. Hasan & M. B. New (Eds.). On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture (pp. 303-336). Rome: FAO.;https://ir.ucc.edu.gh/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/2831/OFORI%202015.pdf; https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/T583/root/11.pdf Quantity of feed given to animals on a daily basis, expressed as percent body weight per day or number of organisms consumed per hour. feed rate fish feed amount Refer to the characteristics that can be measured in the eggs of fish. fish egg qualities Refers to the total number of eggs spawned by a female within a season. Usually it is estimated from the number of ripening eggs in a female under the assumption that no eggs are resorbed or additionally produced afterwards until spawning. egg number Refers to the total number of eggs spawned by a female within a season. Usually it is estimated from the number of ripening eggs in a female under the assumption that no eggs are resorbed or additionally produced afterwards until spawning. Hempel, G. (1965). Fecundity and egg size in relation to the environment. ICNAF Spec. Publ, 6, 687-690.;https://www.nafo.int/Portals/0/PDFs/icnaf/Special-pub/special-pub-6secF.pdf Refers to the protection and improvement of the physical, chemical, biological, microbiological, and radiological quality of water to maintain its most beneficial use. water quality management process Refers to the protection and improvement of the physical, chemical, biological, microbiological, and radiological quality of water to maintain its most beneficial use. Philippines. Senate. (2020). An Act reglating the practice of environmental engineering in the Philippines, and providing funds therefor. Philippines: Senate.;https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/3190028751!.pdf The process of gathering preliminary information and biological samples about any reported case of unusual mortalities of farmed and/or wild aquatic animals. Key steps taken during an outbreak investigation (CDC) *Prepare for field work *Establish the existence of an outbreak *Verify the diagnosis *Construct a working case definition *Find cases systematically and record information *Perform descriptive epidemiology *Develop hypotheses *Evaluate hypotheses epidemiologically *As necessary, reconsider, refine, and re-evaluate hypotheses *Compare and reconcile with laboratory and/or environmental studies *Implement control and prevention measures *Initiate or maintain surveillance *Communicate findings disease outbreak investigation The process of gathering preliminary information and biological samples about any reported case of unusual mortalities of farmed and/or wild aquatic animals. Key steps taken during an outbreak investigation (CDC) *Prepare for field work *Establish the existence of an outbreak *Verify the diagnosis *Construct a working case definition *Find cases systematically and record information *Perform descriptive epidemiology *Develop hypotheses *Evaluate hypotheses epidemiologically *As necessary, reconsider, refine, and re-evaluate hypotheses *Compare and reconcile with laboratory and/or environmental studies *Implement control and prevention measures *Initiate or maintain surveillance *Communicate findings Delamare-Deboutteville, J., Chadag, V., Debnath, P.P., Ali, S.E., & Jensen, M. (2020). Tilapia disease outbreak investigation: Reporting template. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. CDC;https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12348/3861 https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson6/section2.html The percentage of fish which die during during a day, calculated as (D x 100) / A, where D is the number of fish dying during the day and A is the number of fish alive at the beginning of this period. mortality rate fish daily mortality The percentage of fish which die during during a day, calculated as (D x 100) / A, where D is the number of fish dying during the day and A is the number of fish alive at the beginning of this period. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; Unexplained daily mortalities above the level of what is considered to be normal. abnormal fish dauly mortality (abnormal fish daily mortality) Unexplained daily mortalities above the level of what is considered to be normal. Aranguren, R., Gomez‐León, J., Balseiro, P., Costa, M. M., Novoa, B., & Figueras, A. (2014). Abnormal mortalities of the carpet shell clam R uditapes decussatus (L innaeus 1756) in natural bed populations: a practical approach. Aquaculture Research, 45(8), 1303-1310.;https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12074 Refers to external reactions to environmental changes, including individual and group behavior under either natural or experimental conditions. fish behaviour Refers to external reactions to environmental changes, including individual and group behavior under either natural or experimental conditions. Qian, Z. M., & Chen, Y. Q. (2017). Feature point based 3D tracking of multiple fish from multi-view images. PloS one, 12(6), e0180254.;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180254 Refers to uncommon fish behavior such as hanging listlessly in shallow water, gasping at the surface, or rubbing against objects. These are the common indicators of fish disease. abnormal fish behavior Refers to uncommon fish behavior such as hanging listlessly in shallow water, gasping at the surface, or rubbing against objects. These are the common indicators of fish disease. Francis-Floyd, R. (2013). An introduction to fish health management. The Fish Site.;https://thefishsite.com/articles/an-introduction-to-fish-health-management Refer to the indicators used to determine fish health, including abnormalities and symptoms such as a fish not feeding, ulcers on the body, cloudy eyes, fish coming to the surface and gasping for oxygen. clinical sign of diseases Refer to the indicators used to determine fish health, including abnormalities and symptoms such as a fish not feeding, ulcers on the body, cloudy eyes, fish coming to the surface and gasping for oxygen. WorldFish. (2016). Fish disease under the microscope. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish.;https://www.worldfishcenter.org/pages/fish-disease/ Refers to the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to prevent and control infectious disease in fish. fish chemical treatment fish chemical treatment fish treatment Refers to the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to prevent and control infectious disease in fish. Assefa, A., & Abunna, F. (2018). Maintenance of Fish Health in Aquaculture: Review of Epidemiological Approaches for Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Fish. Veterinary medicine international, 2018, 5432497.;https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5432497 A naturally occurring, semi-synthetic or synthetic substance that at in vivo concentrations exhibits antimicrobial activity (kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms). antimicrobials A naturally occurring, semi-synthetic or synthetic substance that at in vivo concentrations exhibits antimicrobial activity (kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms). Office International des Epizooties (OIE). (2005). Aquatic animal health code. Paris, France: OIE.; Antibiotics are medicines that fight infections caused by bacteria in humans and animals by either killing the bacteria or inhibit making it difficult for the bacteria to grow and multiply. antibiotics Antibiotics are medicines that fight infections caused by bacteria in humans and animals by either killing the bacteria or inhibit making it difficult for the bacteria to grow and multiply. CDC; https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/q-a.html Probiotics are organisms and substances which contribute to intestinal microbial balance. Administering probiotics in water has been shown to improve water quality by reducing the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Probiotics administered in water or diet also may inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, contribute digestive enzymes to increase feed utilization, survival, provide other growth-promoting factors of farmed species, and stimulate the immune response of the organism probiotics Probiotics are organisms and substances which contribute to intestinal microbial balance. Administering probiotics in water has been shown to improve water quality by reducing the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Probiotics administered in water or diet also may inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, contribute digestive enzymes to increase feed utilization, survival, provide other growth-promoting factors of farmed species, and stimulate the immune response of the organism Prebiotics and Probiotics: Definitions and Applications. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAC) Publication N0. 4711, December 2012;http://fisheries.tamu.edu/files/2013/09/SRAC-Publication-No.-4711-Prebioics-and-Probiotics-Definitions-and-Applications.pdf Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible food ingre- dients that selectively stimulate the growth and/or the metabolism of health-promoting bacteria in the intestinal tract, thus improving an organism’s intestinal balance. prebiotics Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible food ingre- dients that selectively stimulate the growth and/or the metabolism of health-promoting bacteria in the intestinal tract, thus improving an organism’s intestinal balance. Prebiotics and Probiotics: Definitions and Applications. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAC) Publication N0. 4711, December 2012;http://fisheries.tamu.edu/files/2013/09/SRAC-Publication-No.-4711-Prebioics-and-Probiotics-Definitions-and-Applications.pdf Are chemical compounds capable of destroying pathogenic microorganisms or inhibiting their growth or survival ability. disinfectant Are chemical compounds capable of destroying pathogenic microorganisms or inhibiting their growth or survival ability. Office International des Epizooties (OIE). (2009). Aquatic animal health code (2009). Paris, France: OIE.;https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/aahc/2009/en_glossaire.htm#sous-chapitre-2 Refer to the characteristics that can be measured in any prophylactic activities intended to prevent or treat fish diseases. treatment qualities Refers to the dosage of antimicrobial agents applied to inhibit the growth of or eradicate the pathogen present in the culture or experimental environment. amount of antimicrobial applied Refers to the dosage of disinfectant required to inhibit the growth or eradicate the pathogen present in the culture or experimental environment. amount of disinfectant applied Refers to the dosage of disinfectant required to inhibit the growth or eradicate the pathogen present in the culture or experimental environment. Acosta, F., Montero, D., Izquierdo, M., & Galindo-Villegas, J. (2021). High-level biocidal products effectively eradicate pathogenic γ-proteobacteria biofilms from aquaculture facilities. Aquaculture, 532, 736004.;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736004 Refers to the dosage of prebiotics administered to aquatic organisms as feed additives. The amount of probiotics supplemented is one of the factors that determine its effects on aquatic organisms. amount of prebiotics applied Refers to the dosage of prebiotics administered to aquatic organisms as feed additives. The amount of probiotics supplemented is one of the factors that determine its effects on aquatic organisms. Guerreiro, I., Oliva‐Teles, A., & Enes, P. (2018). Prebiotics as functional ingredients: focus on Mediterranean fish aquaculture. Reviews in aquaculture, 10(4), 800-832.;https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12201 Refers to the dosage of probiotics administered to aquatic organisms as dietary supplements (via live food such as Artemia and rotifers or pellet food), added to the water directly, or delivered via injection. amount of probiotics applied Refers to the dosage of probiotics administered to aquatic organisms as dietary supplements (via live food such as Artemia and rotifers or pellet food), added to the water directly, or delivered via injection. Jahangiri, L., & Esteban, M. Á. (2018). Administration of probiotics in the water in finfish aquaculture systems: a review. Fishes, 3(3), 33.;https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes3030033 Refers to the dosage of antibiotics applied either as feed additives or bath treatments to aquatic organisms. The type and amount of use of antibiotics in aquaculture depends on farming practices, different local and national regulations and government enforcement ability. amount of antibiotics applied Refers to the dosage of antibiotics applied either as feed additives or bath treatments to aquatic organisms. The type and amount of use of antibiotics in aquaculture depends on farming practices, different local and national regulations and government enforcement ability. Towers, L. (2014 November 18). Antibiotics in aquaculture are they needed? Ireland: The Fish Site. ;https://thefishsite.com/articles/antibiotics-in-aquaculture-are-they-needed An antigen preparation from whole or extracted parts of an infectious organism, which is used to enhance the specific immune response of a susceptible host. vaccines An antigen preparation from whole or extracted parts of an infectious organism, which is used to enhance the specific immune response of a susceptible host. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; Refers to reduced sensitivity or complete insensitivity of some microorganisms to one or more antimicrobial agents. AMR AMR antimicrobial resistance Refers to reduced sensitivity or complete insensitivity of some microorganisms to one or more antimicrobial agents. Potential for transmission of antimicrobial resistance in the food chain: Report of the Scientific Committee of the Food Safety Authority of Ireland. (2015). Ireland: Food Safety Authority of Ireland;https://www.fsai.ie/publications_AMR/ Is a mechanism applied to collect and interpret data on the health of animal populations, to accurately describe their health status with respect to specific diseases of concern. This can be based on historic scientific evidence for absence, under certain circumstances, of clinical cases of a virulent disease of the susceptible species disease surveillance Is a mechanism applied to collect and interpret data on the health of animal populations, to accurately describe their health status with respect to specific diseases of concern. This can be based on historic scientific evidence for absence, under certain circumstances, of clinical cases of a virulent disease of the susceptible species Subasinghe, R. P., McGladdery, S. E. & Hill, B. J. (Eds.). (2004). Surveillance and zoning for aquatic animal diseases. Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/3/y5325e/y5325e0b.htm#bm11 A type of disease surveillance that involves planned collection of precise field data on the presence of a specific disease or pathogen within a defined population. Active disease surveillance programmes may be (i) “catch all” - aimed at detecting any significant disease occurrences; (ii) may target specific diseases; or (iii) may monitor the progress of specific disease control or eradication efforts. targetted disease surveillnce active disease surveillance A type of disease surveillance that involves planned collection of precise field data on the presence of a specific disease or pathogen within a defined population. Active disease surveillance programmes may be (i) “catch all” - aimed at detecting any significant disease occurrences; (ii) may target specific diseases; or (iii) may monitor the progress of specific disease control or eradication efforts. Subasinghe, R. P., McGladdery, S. E. & Hill, B. J. (Eds.). (2004). Surveillance and zoning for aquatic animal diseases. Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/3/y5325e/y5325e0b.htm#bm11 Is an ongoing observation of the endemic disease profile of a susceptible population, so that unexpected and/or abnormal changes can be detected and acted upon as rapidly as possible. In addition, laboratory diagnostic data may be used to define a threshold level of undiagnosed syndromes which would trigger in-depth investigations to try and characterize them. For example, if gill disease in fish exceeded a given prevalence, this could trigger a diagnostic investigation to determine whether or not this is indicative of a "new" disease. Such surveillance of disease syndromes (common clinical signs) could also be collected by fisheries officers or harvesters/farmers. general surveillance passive disease surveillance Is an ongoing observation of the endemic disease profile of a susceptible population, so that unexpected and/or abnormal changes can be detected and acted upon as rapidly as possible. In addition, laboratory diagnostic data may be used to define a threshold level of undiagnosed syndromes which would trigger in-depth investigations to try and characterize them. For example, if gill disease in fish exceeded a given prevalence, this could trigger a diagnostic investigation to determine whether or not this is indicative of a "new" disease. Such surveillance of disease syndromes (common clinical signs) could also be collected by fisheries officers or harvesters/farmers. Subasinghe, R. P., McGladdery, S. E. & Hill, B. J. (Eds.). (2004). Surveillance and zoning for aquatic animal diseases. Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/3/y5325e/y5325e0b.htm#bm11 agronomic experimental design latin square design factorial design demonstration strip design completely randomized design strip plot design split plot design rotation layout replicated control design randomized complete block design lattice design The determination of the nature of a disease. diagnosis The determination of the nature of a disease. Crespi, V. & Coche, A. (2008). Glossary of aquaculture. Rome: FAO.; Is the study of the interaction between parasites and their hosts. In general, parasitologists tend to concentrate on eukaryotic parasites, such as lice, mites, protozoa and worms, with prokaryotic parasites and other infectious agents the focusof fields such as bacteriology, microbiology and virology. Parasites are extremely common, and are responsible for some of the world's most deadly illnesses, from dysentery and diarrhoea to malaria. parasitology Is the study of the interaction between parasites and their hosts. In general, parasitologists tend to concentrate on eukaryotic parasites, such as lice, mites, protozoa and worms, with prokaryotic parasites and other infectious agents the focusof fields such as bacteriology, microbiology and virology. Parasites are extremely common, and are responsible for some of the world's most deadly illnesses, from dysentery and diarrhoea to malaria. Spotlight on: Parasitology. (2014). The Biologist, 61(4), 32-33. ;https://www.rsb.org.uk/biologist-features/spotlight-on-parasitology Is a branch of microbiology that study viruses and viral diseases virology Is a branch of microbiology that study viruses and viral diseases Delamare-Deboutteville, J., Khor, L., Ali, S. E. & Chadag, V. (2021). Quick fish sampling guide for disease diagnostics - Molecular diagnostics sampling guide. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. ;https://digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org/handle/20.500.12348/4841 Is the culture and identification of bacteria growing under specific conditions. bacteriology Is the culture and identification of bacteria growing under specific conditions. Delamare-Deboutteville, J., Khor, L. & Mohan C. V. (2021). Quick fish sampling guide for disease diagnostics - Bacteriology sampling guide. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems.;https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12348/4840 Is the study of disease and disease processes by looking at the change in the anatomy or anomalies from cells, tissues and organs as seen through a microscope. histopathology Is the study of disease and disease processes by looking at the change in the anatomy or anomalies from cells, tissues and organs as seen through a microscope. Delamare-Deboutteville, J., Khor, L., Ali, S. E. & Chadag, V. (2021). Quick fish sampling guide for disease diagnostics - Histology sampling guide. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. ;https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12348/4842 Is the study of the normal and pathologic aspects of blood and blood elements. heamatology Is the study of the normal and pathologic aspects of blood and blood elements. Schmaier, A. H. & Lazarus, H. M. (2011). Concise guide to hematology. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing.; Is the study of micromolecules and th macromolecular mechanisms in the cells of living organisms. It provides knowledge on the molecular nature of the gene. molecular biology Is the study of micromolecules and th macromolecular mechanisms in the cells of living organisms. It provides knowledge on the molecular nature of the gene. Maluwa, A. (2022). Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding in Aquaculture. In C. M. Galanakis (ed.). Sustainable fish production and processing (pp. 3-43). Netherlands: Academic Press.;https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824296-4.00003-7 A technique in which cycles of denaturation annealing with primer and extension with DNA polymerase are used to amplify the number of copies of target DNA sequence by 106 times. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to "amplify" small segments of DNA. Sometimes called "molecular photocopying," the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fast and inexpensive technique used to "amplify" - copy - small segments of DNA. Because significant amounts of a sample of DNA are necessary for molecular and genetic analyses, studies of isolated pieces of DNA are nearly impossible without PCR amplification. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) A technique in which cycles of denaturation annealing with primer and extension with DNA polymerase are used to amplify the number of copies of target DNA sequence by 106 times. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to "amplify" small segments of DNA. Sometimes called "molecular photocopying," the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fast and inexpensive technique used to "amplify" - copy - small segments of DNA. Because significant amounts of a sample of DNA are necessary for molecular and genetic analyses, studies of isolated pieces of DNA are nearly impossible without PCR amplification. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO. NIH;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Polymerase-Chain-Reaction-Fact-Sheet Is figuring out the order of DNA nucleotides, or bases, in a genome—the order of As, Cs, Gs, and Ts that make up an organism's DNA. genome sequencing Is figuring out the order of DNA nucleotides, or bases, in a genome—the order of As, Cs, Gs, and Ts that make up an organism's DNA. Genome sequencing. (2003, Jan 15). Genome News Network. ;http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/whats_a_genome/Chp2_1.shtml Refers to a fishing device characterized by gear movements and/or the pursuit of the target species by towing, lifting, and pushing the gears, surrounding, covering, dredging, pumping, and scaring the target species to impoundments. active gear Refers to a fishing device characterized by gear movements and/or the pursuit of the target species by towing, lifting, and pushing the gears, surrounding, covering, dredging, pumping, and scaring the target species to impoundments. Philippines. Congress of the Philippines. (1998). Republic Act No. 8550: The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998. Manila, Philippines: Congress of the Philippines.;https://mirror.officialgazette.gov.ph/1998/02/25/republic-act-no-8550/ Refers to fishing device characterized by the absence of gear movements and/or the pursuit of the target species; such as, but not limited to, hook and line, fish pots, traps and gill nets across the path of the fish. passive gear Refers to fishing device characterized by the absence of gear movements and/or the pursuit of the target species; such as, but not limited to, hook and line, fish pots, traps and gill nets across the path of the fish. Philippines. Congress of the Philippines. (1998). Republic Act No. 8550: The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998. Manila, Philippines: Congress of the Philippines.;https://mirror.officialgazette.gov.ph/1998/02/25/republic-act-no-8550/ Refers to the measurable characteristics or features of a longline. longline qualities Refers to the measurable characteristics or features of a fishing net net qualities The size of holes in fishing net. Minimum mesh sizes are often prescribed by regulations in order to avoid the capture of the young of valuable species before they have reached their optimal size for capture. mesh size The size of holes in fishing net. Minimum mesh sizes are often prescribed by regulations in order to avoid the capture of the young of valuable species before they have reached their optimal size for capture. FAO term portal. (2021). Rome: FAO.;https://www.fao.org/faoterm/collection/fisheries/en/ Refers to an event when zero fish was caught during the entire fishing trip, no catch An adult female human woman A minor male or female human, younger that 18 years old. child A usually wooden or fibreglass implement that has a long handle and a broad flattened blade that is used to pull and steer a small craft (such as a canoe) across the water. paddle A usually wooden or fibreglass implement that has a long handle and a broad flattened blade that is used to pull and steer a small craft (such as a canoe) across the water. Paddle. (2021, Dec 19). Merriam-Webster.com dictionary.;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paddle A pole, handled by a single individual to move boats, barges (barge pole) or punts by pushing the craft in the desired direction. Because it is a pushing tool, it is generally used from the stern (back) of the craft. barge pole quant pole setting pole pole A pole, handled by a single individual to move boats, barges (barge pole) or punts by pushing the craft in the desired direction. Because it is a pushing tool, it is generally used from the stern (back) of the craft. Setting pole. (2021, Feb 21). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setting_pole An piece of fabric (such as canvas) to catch wind as a means of propelling a boat across the water. sail An piece of fabric (such as canvas) to catch wind as a means of propelling a boat across the water. Merriam-Webster. (2021 Dec 13). Sail. Merriam-Webster.com dictionary.;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sail a gear used to propel a watercraft propulsion gear Refers to the combustable fuel used to drive an outboard or inboard engine on a motorized fishing vessel. fuel