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Ontology for the Annotation of Push-Notifications

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Version: 0.2
Latest editor's draft:
https://w3id.org/apn
Editors:
(Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
(Empushy)
(Empushy)
Previous versions:
v0.1
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Cite as:
Ontology for the Annotation of Push-Notifications (APN) Version 0.2. Edited by Beatriz Esteves, Kieran Fraser, and Shridhar Kulkarni. 24 June 2022. https://w3id.org/apn.

Abstract

The ontology for the Annotation of Push-Notifications (APN) aims to provide a tool that can be used to model different aspects of push-notifications, i.e., communication tools used by apps and services to disseminate information, engage with their users and encourage users to take particular actions. The scope of this ontology is limited to the definition of a set of parameters that can be used to classify push-notification data, in particular its text content, with the end goal of creating a service which pushes more empathetic content to push-notification subscribers.

1. Acknowledgments

This research has been supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813497 (PROTECT) as well as with the financial support of Enterprise Ireland, the ERDF under Ireland’s European Structural and Investment Funds Programme 2014-2020 and Science Foundation Ireland under Grant Agreement No. 13/RC/2106_P2 at the ADAPT SFI Research Centre at Trinity College Dublin.

2. Introduction

2.1 Ontology Requirement Specification Document

Ontology for the Annotation of Push-Notifications
1. Purpose
The purpose of this ontology is to support the annotation and extraction of insights from push-notification data.
2. Scope
The scope of this ontology is limited to the definition of a set of parameters that can be used to classify push-notification data, in particular its text content, with the end goal of creating a service which pushes more empathethic content to push-notification subscribers. Specifically, the notification content will be used to categorize the notification in terms of: (i) its specific call-to-action, (ii) and respective marketing campaign type, (iii) its target audience, (iv) its time sensitiveness and (v) the presence of information that can be used to infer personal data from the subscribers.
3. Implementation Language
RDF
4. Intended End-Users
Organizations with Web or application services which include push-notifications in their communication flow with customers.
5. Intended Uses
Use 1. Creation of multi-label classification models to automatically annotate push-notifications.
Use 2. Generation of push-notification content based on annotations' model.
6. Ontology Requirements
a. Non-Functional Requirements
NFR 1. The ontology shall be published online with standard documentation.
b. Functional Requirements: Groups of Competency Questions
CQG1. Related to push-notification services CQG2. Related to push-notification categorization
CQ1. What is the content of the push-notification?
CQ2. Which service / application pushed the notification?
CQ3. What is the application type in relation to its content? 		CQ4. What is the call-to-action of the notification?
CQ5. Does the notification belong to a specific campaign type?
CQ6. How urgent is the notification?
CQ7. Does the notification have a clear target audience?
CQ8. Does the notification contain features which indicate personalization?

2.2 Profile diagram

The base concepts specified by APN are shown in the figure below.

Ontology for the Annotation of Push-Notifications

2.3 Document Conventions

Prefix Namespace Description
apn https://w3id.org/apn# [apn]
dce http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ [dc]
dct http://purl.org/dc/terms/ [dc]
dpv http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv# [dpv]
owl http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# [owl2-overview]
rdf http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# [rdf11-concepts]
rdfs http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# [rdf-schema]
skos http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# [skos]
vann http://purl.org/vocab/vann/ [vann]
xsd http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# [xsd]
ex http://example.com#

3. Base ontology

3.1 Push Notification

Label: Push Notification
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#PushNotification
Definition: Push notifications are pop-up messages, sent by mobile or browser applications, that appear on the users’ devices. Subscribers can be anywhere and still receive these messages as long as they’re online or have their browsers running on their devices.
Label: notification ID
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#notificationID
Definition: Unique identifier of the notification
Domain: PushNotification
Range: xsd:integer
Label: notification text
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#notificationText
Definition: Text content of the notification, including emojis
Domain: PushNotification
Range: xsd:string
Label: pushed on
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#pushedOn
Definition: Date and time when the notification is pushed by the application
Domain: PushNotification
Range: xsd:dateTime
Label: pushed by
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#pushedBy
Definition: Indicates the app that pushed the notification
Domain: PushNotification
Range: Application

3.2 Application

Label: Application
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Application
Definition: Computer program or software application designed to run on a mobile device such as a phone, tablet, or watch. Mobile applications often stand in contrast to desktop applications which are designed to run on desktop computers, and web applications which run in mobile web browsers rather than directly on the mobile device.
Label: account created
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#accountCreated
Definition: User created an account to use the application
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:boolean
Label: app name
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#appName
Definition: The name of the application
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:string
Label: has app type
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#hasAppType
Definition: Indicates the application type
Domain: Application
Range: ApplicationType
Label: in app purchases
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#inAppPurchases
Definition: Indicates if the application includes paid features/services
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:boolean
Label: install date
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#installDate
Definition: Indicates the date and time when the application was installed
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:dateTime
Label: number of downloads
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#numberOfDownloads
Definition: Indicates the number of times that the application was downloaded
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:integer
Label: number of reviews
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#numberOfReviews
Definition: Indicates the number of reviews that the application has on the app store
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:integer
Label: requires account
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#requiresAccount
Definition: Indicates if the application requires the creation of an account to use
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:boolean
Label: size in MB
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#sizeInMB
Definition: Indicates the size of the application in megabytes
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:float
Label: stars
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#stars
Definition: Indicates the mean number of stars given by the users to the application
Domain: Application
Range: xsd:float

3.3 Urgency

Label: Urgency
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Urgency
Definition: The urgency of the notification - if it contains information that is only relevant for a certain period of time and becomes redundant if that period of time passes (for example, a notification about Friday night is irrelevant if delivered on Saturday morning).
Superclass Of: Minutes, Hours, Days, Weeks, HolidayDuration, SeasonDuration, Indefinitely, UntilActionTaken
Label: is time sensitive
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#isTimeSensitive
Definition: Indicates weather the notification is urgent, i.e. time-sensitive, or not.
Domain: PushNotification
Range: xsd:boolean
Label: remains relevant
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#remainsRelevant
Definition: Indicates the urgency of the notification - the period of time when the notification remains relevant for the user
Domain: PushNotification
Range: Urgency

3.4 Call-To-Action

Label: Call-To-Action
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CallToAction
Definition: The call-to-action of the notification - for example, "Anne sent you a message on App X" is encouraging the user to interact with the app to communicate with other people.
Superclass Of: AccountManagement, Awareness, Claim, Discover, Download, Feedback, Play, Purchase, Reminder, Social, Watch
Label: has call-to-action
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#hasCTA
Definition: Indicates the call to action of the notification
Domain: PushNotification
Range: CallToAction

3.5 Personalisation

Label: Personalisation
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Personalisation
Definition: Indicates personal information that can be derived or inferred from the notification.
Superclass Of: Age, Authenticating, BrowsingBehavior, DeviceBased, EthnicOrigin, FamilyStructure, Location, MedicalHealth, PoliticalAffiliation, Interest, PersonalMotivations, Professional, PurchasesAndSpendingHabit, SocialNetwork
Label: can be used to infer
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#canBeUsedToInfer
Definition: Indicates the type of personal data that can be inferred from the notification.
Domain: PushNotification
Range: Personalisation

3.6 Target Audience

Label: Target Audience
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#TargetAudience
Definition: Indicates the audience being targeted by the notification, based on their behavior or other demographic, geographic or psychographic characteristics.
Superclass Of: Behavior, Demographic, Geographic, Psychographic
Label: has target audience
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#hasTargetAudience
Definition: Indicates the target audience of the notification
Domain: PushNotification
Range: TargetAudience

3.7 Campaign Type

Label: Campaign Type
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CampaignType
Definition: Indicates the campaign type of the notification, based on the marketing strategy followed by a company to keeps its brand's visibility, i.e., to mantain and increase the number of notification subscribers.
Superclass Of: Awareness, Breaking Content, Help & Feedback & Tips, Loyalty, Newsletter, Onboarding, Product, Promotional, Re-engagement, Social
Label: has campaign type
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#hasCampaignType
Definition: Indicates the campaign type of the notification
Domain: PushNotification
Range: CampaignType

4. Urgency categories

Notifications can be classified in terms of its urgency, i.e., if they contain information that is only relevant for a certain period of time and becomes redundant after it (for example, a notification about Friday night is irrelevant if delivered on Saturday morning).

Examples:

Flurv 💬 Henrybrett just joined our local community - Be the first to welcome him!

In the notification above, "Henrybrett" is a new member of a social community and needs to feel welcome - while not a very urgent notification, this guy will not be a new member in a few weeks, therefore this notification is relevant for just a few days before it is redundant.

The defined urgency subclasses are shown in the figure below.

Urgency categories

4.1 Minutes

Label: Minutes
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Minutes
Definition: The notification is likely only relevant within a number of minutes in the current hour.

4.2 Hours

Label: Hours
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Hours
Definition: The notification is likely only relevant within a number of hours in the current day.

4.3 Days

Label: Days
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Days
Definition: The notification is likely only relevant within a number of days within the next week.

4.4 Weeks

Label: Weeks
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Weeks
Definition: The notification is likely only relevant within a number of weeks.

4.5 Holiday Duration

Label: Holiday Duration
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#HolidayDuration
Definition: The notification is likely only relevant leading up to, during or just after a holiday period (e.g. Christmas, Father's Day, International Earth Day, World Radio Day, International Women's Day etc.)

4.6 Season Duration

Label: Season Duration
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#SeasonDuration
Definition: The notification is likely only relevant during a season e.g. Winter, Summer, Autumn, Spring.

4.7 Indefinitely

Label: Indefinitely
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Indefinitely
Definition: The notification is likely to remain relevant indefinitely into the future. It could relevant for months, years or an indefinite amount of time! Only select this category if the notification is not applicable to any of the other categories.

4.8 Until Action Taken

Label: Until Action Taken
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#UntilActionTaken
Definition: The notification is likely only relevant until some action has occurred which makes it no longer relevant or redundant (e.g. a notification asking the user to sign-in is only relevant until the user has signed in. Similarly, a notification which asks the user to claim their reward is only relevant until they have claimed their reward).

5. Call-To-Action categories

Notifications can be classified in terms of its call-to-action, i.e., if they encourage subscribers to perform a certain type of action.

Examples:

LAST CHANCE -50% 🔥 600+ styles 🛒 Shop before midnight >>

In the notification above, the call-to-action encourages the subscribers make a purchase.

What the Delta variant so much more contagious, and what does it mean for your life, whether you're vaccinated or unvaccinated? Listen now

In the notification above, the call-to-action teases the subscribers to interact with the app to discover more about the topic.

The defined call-to-action subclasses are shown in the figure below.

Call-To-Action categories

5.1 Account Management

Label: Account Management
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#AccountManagement
Definition: Notifications that encourage subscribers to create and/or log into an account to take advantage of a certain feature.

5.2 Awareness

Label: Awareness
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Awareness
Definition: The notification makes subscribers aware of information that does not need further investigation by the subscriber, e.g., a new feature, upcoming holiday, weather, stock price, score in a match, etc.

5.3 Claim

Label: Claim
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Claim
Definition: Notifications that encourage the subscribers to click and claim some prize or reward from the application.

5.4 Discover

Label: Discover
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Discover
Definition: Notifications that tease the content of the information itself to generate curiosity on the users and lead them to engage with the app.

5.5 Download

Label: Download
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Download
Definition: Notifications to get the subscriber to download some asset.

5.6 Feedback

Label: Feedback
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Feedback
Definition: Notifications to get the subscriber to provide some form of feedback or response, for instance on the app's functionalities.

5.7 Play

Label: Play
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Play
Definition: Notifications related with gaming apps, where the subscriber is encouraged to re-engage with the game.

5.8 Purchase

Label: Purchase
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Purchase
Definition: Notifications to get the subscriber to purchase a product or service.

5.9 Reminder

Label: Reminder
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Reminder
Definition: Notifications that serve as a reminder or alert to the users or provide advice / tips.

5.10 Social

Label: Social
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Social
Definition: Notifications that encourage the subscriber to engage with social tools e.g. share, like, comment, reply.

5.11 Watch

Label: Watch
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Watch
Definition: Notifications that encourage the user to watch some content on the application.

6. Personalisation categories

Notifications can be classified in terms of the personal information that they contain or can be inferred from them.

Examples:

LinkedIn , 21 new jobs for chief executive officer in EMEA

Professional and geographical information from the subscriber can be inferred from the notification above.

Wedding countdown 💍 You are getting married in 116 days 💍

Familial information from the subscriber can be inferred from the notification above.

The defined personalisation subclasses are shown in the figure below. The majority of them is imported from the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV).

Personalisation categories

6.1 Age

Label: Age
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#Age
Definition: Information about age.

6.2 Authenticating

Label: Authenticating
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#Authenticating
Definition: Information about authentication and information used for authenticating.

6.3 Browsing Behavior

Label: Browsing Behavior
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#BrowsingBehavior
Definition: Information about browsing behavior.

6.4 Device Based

Label: Device Based
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#DeviceBased
Definition: Information about the device, including type of device, operation system, software, applications, ...

6.5 Ethnic Origin

Label: Ethnic Origin
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#EthnicOrigin
Definition: Information about ethnic origin.

6.6 Family Structure

Label: Family Structure
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#FamilyStructure
Definition: Information about family and familial structure, including marital status, parenting, pregnancies, ...

6.7 Location

Label: Location
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#Location
Definition: Information about location, including city, region, country, GPS coordinates, ...

6.8 Medical Health

Label: Medical Health
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#MedicalHealth
Definition: Information about physical or mental health, medical conditions or healthcare.

6.9 Political Affiliation

Label: Political Affiliation
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#PoliticalAffiliation
Definition: Information about political affiliations or preferences.

6.10 Interest

Label: Interest
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#Interest
Definition: Information about specific interests, personal favorites, likes and dislikes, including sports, music, ...

6.11 Personal Motivations

Label: PersonalMotivations
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#PersonalMotivations
Definition: Information about personal motivations.

6.12 Professional

Label: Professional
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#Professional
Definition: Information about educational or professional career, including employment history and job preferences.

6.13 Purchases and Spending Habit

Label: Purchases and Spending Habit
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#PurchasesAndSpendingHabit
Definition: Information about purchases made and money spent expressed as a habit.

6.14 Social Network

Label: Social Network
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#SocialNetwork
Definition: Information about friends or connections.

7. Target Audience categories

Notifications can be classified in terms of the segment of users they are targeting.

Examples:

Takealot 🕹⚡️ GAMING FLASH SALE ⚡️🕹 Beat your high score with up to 40% OFF Gaming! Shop controllers, charging stations, headphones and more gaming must-haves! Don’t miss out! Stay home, stay safe, shop online! TAP HERE 📲

This notification is targeting users with a particular interest in video games or users that have previously purchased similar items or need an incentive to purchase them.

Taking the first step It’s so rewarding! Let’s get started on your first exercise

This notification is targeting users based on a particular lifestyle, e.g. users interested in practicing or starting to practice sport regularly.

Target Audience categories

7.1 Behavior

Label: Behavior
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Behavior
Definition: Targeting users based on their behavior, purchase intent and interaction with certain online services or products.
Superclass Of: Engagement, Loyalty, Occasion, Product, PurchasingReason

7.1.1 Engagement

Label: Engagement
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Engagement
Definition: Targeting users based on their engagement with the app, e.g., they have liked a video, followed another user, started a game.

7.1.2 Loyalty

Label: Loyalty
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Loyalty
Definition: Targeting a segment of users who are particularly loyal, e.g., daily recurrent users.

7.1.3 Occasion

Label: Occasion
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Occasion
Definition: Targeting users who have engaged with or expressed interest in rare events, e.g., previously purchased during a holiday.

7.1.4 Product

Label: Product
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Product
Definition: Targeting users who have engaged with or expressed interest in a specific product, e.g., you will love the new X product just launched.

7.1.5 Purchasing Reason

Label: Purchasing Reason
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#PurchasingReason
Definition: Targeting users who have previously purchased or require a reason, incentive or nudge to purchase, e.g., you previously bought X, we recommend Y; 30% sale on now.

7.2 Demographic

Label: Demographic
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Demographic
Definition: Targeting users based on quantifiable characteristics such as family status or job experience.
Superclass Of: FamilyStatus, Health, Job, Residence

7.2.1 Family Status

Label: Family Status
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#FamilyStatus
Definition: Targeting users based on their family status, e.g., new parents, pregnancies.

7.2.2 Health

Label: Health
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Health
Definition: Targeting users based on their health status.

7.2.3 Job

Label: Job
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Job
Definition: Targeting users based on their job type / professional activities.

7.2.4 Residence

Label: Residence
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Residence
Definition: Targeting users based on their type of residence, e.g., their house contains a garden.

7.3 Geographic

Label: Geographic
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Geographic
Definition: Targeting users based on their geographic whereabouts.
Superclass Of: Country, Region

7.3.1 Country

Label: Country
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Country
Definition: Targeting users based on their country of residence.

7.3.2 Region

Label: Region
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Region
Definition: Targeting users based on their geographic region, i.e., a location within a country.

7.4 Psychographic

Label: Psychographic
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Psychographic
Definition: Targeting users based on their interests, personal motivations or lifestyle.
Superclass Of: Interest, Lifestyle, Motivation

7.4.1 Interest

Label: Interest
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Interest
Definition: Targeting users who have a particular interest, e.g., football goal updates indicates an interest in sports and a new recipe an interest in cooking.
Superclass Of: TA_AcademicInterests, TA_Automotive, TA_BooksAndLiterature, TA_Careers, TA_Education, TA_FamilyAndRelationships, TA_FineArt, TA_HealthyLiving, TA_HobbiesAndInterests, TA_MedicalHealth, TA_Movies, TA_MusicAndAudio, TA_NewsAndPolitics, TA_PersonalFinance, TA_Pets, TA_PharmaceuticalsConditionsAndSymptoms, TA_PopCulture, TA_RealEstate, TA_Shopping, TA_Social, TA_Sports, TA_StyleAndFashion, TA_TechnologyAndComputing, TA_Television, TA_Travel, TA_VideoGaming

7.4.2 Lifestyle

Label: Lifestyle
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Lifestyle
Definition: Targeting users based on their particular lifestyle, e.g., vegan products, a person who runs or works out.

7.4.3 Motivation

Label: Motivation
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#Motivation
Definition: Targeting users based on their aspirations or motivations, e.g., find a new job, get fitter, learn a new skill.

8. Campaign Type categories

Notifications can be classified in terms of its campaign type, i.e., a promotional campaign type can be used to increase the number of subscribers of a shopping app.

Examples:

Let's have a party on Monday! 🥳 Tap to join - the more, the merrier! 🤩📺

The notification above belongs to a campaign enticing users / customers to re-engage with the application.

Summer Sale Extended!! 🔥 Last Chance to Get Premium Bundle 25% OFF

The notification above belongs to a campaign related to flash sale promotional offers as it contains a time limit associated with it.

The defined campaign type subclasses are shown in the figure below.

Campaign Type categories

8.1 Awareness

Label: Awareness
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_Awareness
Definition: A campaign to promote general awareness of a topic.

8.2 Breaking Content

Label: Breaking Content
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_BreakingContent
Definition: A campaign to promote new content that has just been created.

8.3 Help & Feedback & Tips

Label: Help & Feedback & Tips
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_HelpFeedbackTips
Definition: A campaign to get help or tips and to provide feedback.

8.4 Loyalty

Label: Loyalty
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_Loyalty
Definition: A campaign directed at loyal / returning / engaged users or customers.

8.5 Newsletter

Label: Newsletter
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_Newsletter
Definition: Informative campaign containing "things of interest" to the user.

8.6 Onboarding

Label: Onboarding
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_Onboarding
Definition: A campaign to induct users with a product/service, to acquaint them with features available or account management.

8.7 Product

Label: Product
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_Product
Definition: A campaign to promote a particular product/feature.

8.8 Promotional

Label: Promotional
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_Promotional
Definition: A campaign based on promotional offers for the users.
Superclass Of: CT_PromotionalGeneral, CT_PromotionalFlash, CT_PromotionalRare

8.8.1 General

Label: Promotional - General
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_PromotionalGeneral
Definition: A campaign to promote general offers for the users.

8.8.2 Flash

Label: Promotional - Flash
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_PromotionalFlash
Definition: A campaign to promote flash sale offers, i.e., they have some time limit associated.

8.8.3 Rare

Label: Promotional - Rare
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_PromotionalRare
Definition: A campaign to promote a service / product associated with particular seasons and / or holidays/events.

8.9 Re-engagement

Label: Re-engagement
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_Reengagement
Definition: A campaign enticing users / customers to re-engage with the service.

8.10 Social

Label: Social
IRI: https://w3id.org/apn#CT_Social
Description: A campaign based on or associated with social tools, social media or influencers.

9. Examples

9.1 Examples of Annotated CTAs

Example of Discover CTA notification: 

        ex:ex1 a apn:PushNotification ;
            apn:hasCTA apn:Discover ;
            apn:notificationID "1642770111733" ;
            apn:notificationText "Your Daily Pick is ready! 🥰The elephant in the room is that daily life and trauma can be reasons our sexual feelings fall flat Today's selection takes a therapeutic approach to how to bring the glow back" ;
            apn:pushedBy ex:app_Blinkist ;
            apn:pushedOn "2022-01-21 13:01:52"^^xsd:datetime .

Example of Purchase CTA notification: 

        ex:ex2 a apn:PushNotification ;
            apn:hasCTA apn:Purchase ;
            apn:notificationID "1642768061452" ;
            apn:notificationText "TOP UP ON SPANISH SUN Save up to £310* on getaways to Spain" ;
            apn:pushedBy ex:app_TUI ;
            apn:pushedOn "2022-01-21 12:27:41"^^xsd:datetime .

Example of Social CTA notification: 

        ex:ex3 a apn:PushNotification ;
            apn:hasCTA apn:Social ;
            apn:notificationID "1627563462874" ;
            apn:notificationText "LinkedIn You have 4 messages and 6 notifications waiting for you on LinkedIn" ;
            apn:pushedBy ex:app_LinkedIn ;
            apn:pushedOn "2021-07-29 12:57:43"^^xsd:datetime .

Example of Reminder CTA notification: 

        ex:ex4 a apn:PushNotification ;
            apn:hasCTA apn:Reminder ;
            apn:notificationID "1641515153599" ;
            apn:notificationText "Light and houseplants 🪴 Check your natural light to see if houseplants have enough ☀️" ;
            apn:pushedBy ex:app_Blossom ;
            apn:pushedOn "2022-01-07 00:25:54"^^xsd:datetime .

9.2 Examples of Urgency-annotated notifications

Example of a push-notification that will remain relevant for a number of minutes: 

        ex:ex5 a apn:PushNotification ;
            apn:remainsRelevant apn:Minutes ;
            apn:notificationID "1645239602628"^^xsd:integer ;
            apn:notificationText "Look who is chatting now! Right here on OmeTV!"^^xsd:string ;
            apn:pushedBy ex:app_OmeTV ;
            apn:pushedOn "2022-02-19 03:00:03"^^xsd:datetime .

        ex:app_OmeTV a apn:Application ;
            apn:appName "OmeTV" ;
            apn:numberOfDownloads "10000000"^^xsd:integer ;
            apn:numberOfReviews "355190"^^xsd:integer ;
            apn:sizeInMB "34.0"^^xsd:float ;
            apn:stars "3.9"^^xsd:float ;
            apn:hasAppType apn:SocialType .

Example of a push-notification that will remain relevant until the subscriber uses the application: 

        ex:ex6 a apn:PushNotification ;
            apn:remainsRelevant apn:UntilActionTaken ;
            apn:notificationID "1651104005399"^^xsd:integer ;
            apn:notificationText "Stretching Exercises. It's time for exercise, let's get started!"^^xsd:string ;
            apn:pushedBy ex:app_StretchingExercises ;
            apn:pushedOn "2022-04-28 00:00:05"^^xsd:datetime .

        ex:app_StretchingExercises a apn:Application ;
            apn:appName "Stretching Exercises" ;
            apn:numberOfDownloads "10000000"^^xsd:integer ;
            apn:numberOfReviews "89389"^^xsd:integer ;
            apn:sizeInMB "17.0"^^xsd:float ;
            apn:stars "4.7"^^xsd:float ;
            apn:hasAppType apn:HealthAndFitnessType .

A. References

A.1 Informative references

[apn]
Ontology for the Annotation of Push-Notifications (APN) Version 0.2 . Edited by Beatriz Esteves, Kieran Fraser, and Shridhar Kulkarni. 24 June 2022. URL: https://w3id.org/apn
[dpv]
Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) version 0.2 . Axel Polleres; Beatriz Esteves; Bert Bos; Bud Bruegger; Elmar Kiesling; Eva Schlehahn; Fajar J. Ekaputra; Georg P. Krog; Harshvardhan J. Pandit; Javier D. Fernández; Mark Lizar; Paul Ryan; Piero Bonatti; Ramisa Gachpaz Hamed; Rigo Wenning; Rob Brennan; Simon Steyskal. 21 June 2021. URL: http://www.w3.org/ns/dpv#
[dc]
DCMI Metadata Terms . DCMI Usage Board. DCMI. 20 January 2020. DCMI Recommendation. URL: https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/
[owl2-overview]
OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (Second Edition) . W3C OWL Working Group. W3C. 11 December 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/
[rdf11-concepts]
RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax . Richard Cyganiak; David Wood; Markus Lanthaler. W3C. 25 February 2014. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/
[rdf-schema]
RDF Schema 1.1 . Dan Brickley; Ramanathan Guha. W3C. 25 February 2014. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/
[skos]
SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference . Alistair Miles; Sean Bechhofer. W3C. 18 August 2009. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/
[vann]
VANN: A vocabulary for annotating vocabulary descriptions . Ian Davis. 1 April 2005. URL: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
[xsd]
W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes . David Peterson; Sandy Gao; Ashok Malhotra; Michael Sperberg-McQueen; Henry Thompson; Paul V. Biron et al. W3C. 5 April 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/