identifier name definition synonyms alts parents species 1 nitric oxide A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP. It has been shown to have in vitro activity against severe acute res-piratory syndrome corona-virus (SARS-CoV-1) but evidence supporting the use of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19 patients is currently limited. 10 propiolactone Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic. 100 methyl nicotinate erythema provoked is basis of a methylnicotinate test of anti-inflammatories ajmaline hydrochloride|ajmaline HCl|aritmina|rauverid|ajmaline|(+)-Ajmaline|ajmalin|cardiorythmine|gilurytmal|raugalline 1001 butanilicaine emetine dihydrochloride|emetine hydrochloride|methylcephaeline|ipecine|emetine|(-)-Emetine|cephaeline methyl ether|emetin 1002 ganciclovir An ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections. emorfazone|nandron|pentoil|pentoyl|M 73101|M73101 1003 pranoprofen emtricitabine|coviracil|emtriva 1004 ketorolac A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity. emylcamate|3-Methyl-3-pentanol carbamate|diethyl methyl carbinol urethan 1006 tenonitrozole enalaprilat|enalapril acid|enalaprilate|enalaprilic acid|enalaprilat hydrate|enalaprilat dihydrate 1007 cetoxime encainide hydrochloride|MJ 9067|MJ-9067|encainide 1008 metralindole BQ 22708|BQ 22-708|endralazine mesilate|endralazine mesylate|endralazine|miretilan 1009 thiazosulfone enflurane|(+/-)-Enflurane|efrane|ethrane|methylflurether 101 salicylamide alacepril|cetapril|DU-1219|cenapride 1010 sulfathiazole A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine. enfuvirtide|fuzeon|pentafuside 1011 tofenacin 1012 phenyltoloxamine enocitabine|behenoylcytosine arabinoside|sunrabin 1013 diphenhydramine A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects. enoxacin|enofloxacin|enofloxacine|enoksetin|enoxacine 1014 atomoxetine A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER. fenoximone|enoximone 1015 tripelennamine A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically. enprofylline|3-Propylxanthine 1016 dimemorfan RS-84135|RS84135|enprostil|camleed|fundyl|gardrin|gardrine 1017 cloforex carbamic ethyl ester of chlorphentermine; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2275 1018 clobutinol was minor as SILOMAT mapped to AMINO ALCOHOLS (63-79) entacapone|entacom|comtess 1019 anagrelide imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia entecavir monohydrate|anhydrous entecavir|BMS-200475-01|entecavir|baraclude|entecavir hydrate 102 aminobenzoic acid An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS. alatrofloxacin mesilate|alatrofloxacin mesylate|alatrofloxacin 1020 lamotrigine A phenyltriazine compound, sodium and calcium channel blocker that is used for the treatment of SEIZURES and BIPOLAR DISORDER. p-Piperidinoacetylaminobenzoate|sulcaine 1021 irsogladine ONO-2235|epalrestat|eabeth|sorbistat|kinedak 1022 phenyl acetylsalicylate eperisone|(+/-)-Eperisone|eperisone hydrochloride|eperisone HCl 1023 edoxudine epervudine|5-Isopropyldeoxyuridine 1024 phenosulfazole ephedrine sulphate|ephedrine|ephedrin|ephedrine sulfate|ephedrine hydrochloride|ephedrine HCl 1025 etoxazene epicillin|dexacilina|dexacillin|dihydroampicillin|spectacillin 1026 phenbutamide epimestrol|stimovul 1027 echothiophate A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma. alesion|epinastine|(+/-)-Epinastine|epinastine hydrochloride|epinastine HCl 1028 bephenium epinephrine|vasoconstrictine|nephridine|renoform|suprarenin|epinephrine bitartrate|(-)-adrenaline|epinephrine hydrochloride 1029 hexyldecanoic acid viscous oil methopyrimazole|epirizole|mepirizole|mebron 103 isoniazid Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis. albendazole|albamelin|albendol|albenza 1030 clorindione epirubicin|epiadriamycin|epidoxorubicin|epirarubicin|farmarubicin|farmarubicine|pharmarubicin|epirubicin hydrochloride|epirubicin HCl 1031 chlormidazole epitizide|epithiazide|epitizid 1032 pyrrolnitrin 3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium. eplerenone|(+)-Eplerenone|epoxymexrenone 1033 benzamidosalicylate epomediol|2,6-Dihydroxycineol|clesidren 1034 benserazide An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. epoprostenol|epoprostenol sodium|prostacyclin|vasocyclin|Prostaglandin I2 1035 carmofur eprazinone hydrochloride|eprazinone|eprazinone HCl 1036 tolmetin A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN. 1037 etebenecid SKF-108566|eprosartan|eprosartan mesylate|eprosartan mesilate 1038 medifoxamine eprozinol|eupneron|eprozinol dihydrochloride 1039 levorphanol A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. eptazocine|sedapain|(-)-Eptazocine 104 pralidoxime ricobendazole|albendazole sulfoxide|albendazole oxide|rycobendazole 1040 metrifonate An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed) eptifibatide|eftifibatide|integrelin|integrilin|intrifiban 1041 meclofenoxate An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. erdosteine|dithiosteine 1042 iodinated glycerol secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant ergonovine maleate|ergometrine maleate|ergometrine|ergonovine|ergometrin|ergostetrine|ergotocine|ergobasine 1044 aceglatone eritoran tetrasodium|eritoran sodium|eritoran 1045 salsalate erlotinib hydrochloride|tarceva|erlotinib|CP-358,774-01|OSI-774|erlotinib HCl 1046 glycerylphosphorylcholine A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) ertapenem|invanz|ertapenem sodium 1047 choline alfoscerate erythrityl tetranitrate|eritrityl tetranitrate|nitroerythrite|nitroerythrol|tetranitrin 1048 thalidomide A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action. erythromycin gluceptate|erythromycin lactobionate|erythromycin stearate|erythromycin|Erythromycin A|erythrocin|erythromycin phosphate|erythromycin thiocyanate 1049 acadesine erythromycin acistrate|oxacyclotetradecane, erythromycin deriv.|2'-Acetylerythromycin stearate|erasis 105 phenylethanolamine salbutamol|albuterol|sabumol|dl-Albuterol|dl-Salbutamol|albuterol sulfate 1050 menbutone 1051 phethenylate erythromycin ethylsuccinate|erythromycin ethyl succinate|anamycin|arpimycin|eritrocina|erythrocin ethyl succinate 1052 ethoxzolamide A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia. erythromycin estolate|erythromycin propionate|propiocine|propionyl erythromicin|propionylerythromycin 1053 xibornol escitalopram|(+)-(S)-Citalopram|(+)-Citalopram|(S)-Citalopram|S-(+)-Citalopram|seroplex|escitalopram oxalate 1054 decamethonium esmolol|brevibloc|esmolol hydrochloride|esmolol HCl 1055 cloridarol esomeprazole magnesium dihydrate|esomeprazole|(S)-Esomeprazole|(S)-Omeprazole|(-)-Omeprazole|esomeprazole magnesium|esomeprazole sodium|nexium control|esomeprazole magnesium hydrate|esomeprazole strontium 1056 pamabrom estazolam|tasedan 1057 lofexidine Lofexidine is a central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that binds to receptors on adrenergic neurons. This reduces the release of norepinephrine and decreases sympathetic tone. estradiol|17Beta-Estradiol|17Beta-Oestradiol|Beta-Estradiol|estradiol hemihydrate 1058 mizoribine imidazole nucleoside with immunosuppressive activity isolated from culture filtrate of Eupenicillium brefeldianum; structure estradiol benzoate|benzhormovarine|benzoestrofol|benzofoline|dimenformon benzoate|estradiol monobenzoate 1059 lenalidomide Lenalidomide is an analogue of thalidomide with immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and antineoplastic properties. Lenalidomide inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of certain hematopoietic tumor cells including multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, and del (5q) myelodysplastic syndromes in vitro. Lenalidomide causes a delay in tumor growth in some in vivo nonclinical hematopoietic tumor models including multiple myeloma. Immunomodulatory properties of lenalidomide include activation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, increased numbers of NKT cells, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-alpha and IL-6) by monocytes. In multiple myeloma cells, the combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone synergizes the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. estradiol cypionate|depoestradiol|depoestradiol cypionate|estradiol cyclopentylpropionate 106 tyramine An indirect sympathomimetic that occurs naturally in cheese and other foods. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and MONOAMINE OXIDASE to prolong the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals and may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems. albutoin|euprax 1060 ciclobendazole estradiol dipropionate|dimenformon dipropionate|estradiol propionate 1061 ramelteon Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist with both high affinity for melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and selectivity over the MT3 receptor. Ramelteon demonstrates full agonist activity in vitro in cells expressing human MT1 or MT2 receptors. The activity of ramelteon at the MT1 and MT2 receptors is believed to contribute to its sleep-promoting properties, as these receptors, acted upon by endogenous melatonin, are thought to be involved in the maintenance of the circadian rhythm underlying the normal sleep-wake cycle. estradiol enanthate 1063 propranolol A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs. estradiol undecylate|oestradiol undecylate 1065 primaquine An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404) estramustine|estracty 1066 eperisone emcyt|estramustine phosphate|estramustine phosphate sodium 1067 azintamide succinylestriol|estriol succinate sodium|estriol succinate disodium|estriol succinate disodium salt|estriol succinate|stiptanon 1068 clobenzorex eszopiclone|esopiclone|lunesta 1069 carbarsone sometimes used in treatment of intestinal amoebiasis etafenone|etafenon 107 isaxonine promotes nerve growth 4-allyloxy-3-chlorophenylacetic acid|prinalgin|alclofenac|aclofenac|alclophenac|allopydin|medifenac|reufenac 1070 glucose-1-phosphate etersalate|eterilate|eterylate|etherylate|daital 1071 khellin A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024) sodium ethacrynate|ethacrynic acid|etacrynic acid|ethacrynate|ethacrynate sodium 1072 tiazofurine ethadione|aethadion|didione|dimedion|dimedione|ethadionum|petidion 1073 phetharbital ethambutol|etambutol|diambutol|(S,S)-Ethambutol|ethambutol hydrochloride|ethambutol dihydrochloride|ethambutol HCl 1074 nadoxolol ethamivan|analepticon|cardiovanil|corivanil|diethamivan|diethylvanillamide|emivan|etamivan|etamivanum|vandid|vanillic acid diethylamide|vanillic diethylamide 1075 tiaprofenic acid ethamsylate|cyclonamine|dicinone|diethylammonium 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate|etamsylate 1076 suprofen An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic. alcohol|ethanol|ethyl alcohol|grain alcohol 1077 carisoprodol A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202) ethquinol|ethaverine|barbonin|barbonine|dyscural|ethylpapaverine|ethaverine hydrochloride|ethaverine HCl 1078 fenspiride ethchlorvynol|alvinol|arvynol 1079 imolamine blood platelet aggregation antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure ethebenecid|etebenecid|ethebenecide 108 cacodylic acid An arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide. 1080 ropinirole Ropinirole is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist. The precise mechanism of action of ropinirole as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease is unknown, although it is thought to be related to its ability to stimulate dopamine D2 receptors within the caudate-putamen in the brain. ethenzamide|ethbenzamide|ethenzamid 1081 oxymetazoline Imidazoline derivative with sympathomimetic activity that stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce vasoconstriction. 1-Ethinylcyclohexyl carbamate|1-Ethynylcyclohexanol carbamate|1-Ethynylcyclohexyl carbamate|valamin|valmid|valmidate|volamin|ethinamate 1082 methaphenilene ethinylestradiol betadex|ethynyl estradiol|ethinylestradiol|ethinyl estradiol|17-ethinylestradiol|ethinyloestradiol 1083 ifosfamide Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent. ethioniamide|amidazine|ethionamide 1084 cyclophosphamide Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. ethisterone|aethisteron|anhydrohydroxyprogesterone|anhydroxyprogesterone|ethinone|ethinyltestosterone|ethynyltestosterone|nugestoral|pregneninolone|progestoral 1085 oxolinic acid Synthetic antimicrobial related to NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS. ethoheptazine citrate|ethoheptazine|aethoheptazin|ethyl heptazine 1086 flumequine profenamine hibenzate|profenamine hydrochloride|ethopropazine|ethopromazine|ethapropazine|isopthazine|isothazine|isothiazine|profenamine|ethopropazine hydrochloride|ethopropazine HCl 1087 benznidazole Benznidazole inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins within the T. cruzi parasite. Studies suggest that benznidazole is reduced by a Type I nitroreductase (NTR) enzyme of T. cruzi producing a series of short-lived intermediates that may promote damage to several macromolecules including DNA. In mammalian cells, however, benznidazole is metabolized by reduction of the nitro group to an amino group by a Type II NTR enzyme. The precise mechanism of action is not known. Benznidazole is active against all three stages, trypomastigotes, amastigotes, and epimastigotes, of T. cruzi. However, the sensitivity of T. cruzi strains to benznidazole, from different geographic regions, may vary. ethosuximide|ethosuxide|etosuximid|3-Methyl-3-ethylsuccinimide 1088 etoxadrol ethotoin|accenon|peganone 1089 hexylcaine ethoxzolamide|ethoxyzolamide|etoxzolamide|ethamide 109 fosfomycin An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae. alcuronium|diallylnortoxiferine|diallyltoxiferine|alcuronium chloride|alnortoxiferine|allnortoxiferine|dialferine|alcuronium dichloride 1090 ethoheptazine major descriptor (65-83); on-line search AZEPINES (65-83); Index Medicus search ETHOHEPTAZINE (65-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure 1091 bufuralol carbethoxydicoumarol|ethyldicoumarol|ethyl biscoumacetate|neodicoumarin|neodicoumarol|neodicumarinum|neodicumarol|trombarin|trombolysan|tromexan ethyl acetate 1092 alphaprodine An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067) ethyl flucozepate|CM 6912|ethyl loflazepate|meilax|victan|CM6912|CM-6912 1093 setiptiline 1094 phenindamine orabolin|ethylestrenol|estrenolethyl|ethylnandrol 1095 methapyrilene Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies. ethynodiol|etynodiol|ethinodiol|etynodiol acetate|ethynodiol diacetate|ethinodiol diacetate|ethynodiol acetate 1096 amixetrine 1097 tolfenamic acid etidocaine|etidocaine hydrochloride|etidocaine HCl 1098 cicletanine etidronic acid|ethidronate|ethydronate|etidronate|hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid|oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid|etidronate disodium 1099 cinoxacin Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS. etifoxine hydrochloride|etafenoxine hydrochloride|etafenoxine|etifoxine|etifoxin 11 glycine A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. 110 salicylic acid A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. 1100 etoglucid Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature. etilamfetamine|(+/-)-Ethylamphetamine|2-Ethylamino-1-phenylpropane|apetinil|ethylamphetamine|N-Ethylamphetamine|ethylamphetamine hydrochloride|ethylamphetamine HCl 1101 reposal ethyl adrianol|etilefrine|ethylphenylephrine|etiladrianol|etilefrin|N-Ethylnorphenylephrine|dl-Etilefrin|etilefrine hydrochloride|etilefrine HCl 1102 methohexital An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia. Y 7131|etizolam|depas|AHR-3219|Y-7131 1103 benzylsulfamide etodolac|etodine|etodolic acid|hypen 1105 fencibutirol etofamide|chlorophenoxamide ethyl ether|ethylchlordiphene|eticlordifene 1106 homosalate cpd not photoallergenic etofibrate hydrochloride|etofibrate HCl|etofibrate|ethofibrate|tricerol 1107 mepindolol 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure aethophyllinum|ascorphylline|cordalin|dilaphyllin|etophyllin|etophylline|hydroxyethyltheophylline|oxphylline|oxyethophylline|oxyethyltheophylline|oxyphyllin|oxyphylline|oxytheonyl|etofylline 1108 cibenzoline etofylline clofibrate|ethophylline clofibrate|etophylline clofibrate|theofibrate 1109 clonixin Anti-inflammatory analgesic. etomidate|(+)-Etomidate|amidate|D-Etomidate|hypnomidate 111 phenoxyethanol aldosterone|aldocorten|aldocortene|aldocortin|electrocortin 1110 gemcitabine Gemcitabine kills cells undergoing DNA synthesis and blocks the progression of cells through the G1/S-phase boundary. Gemcitabine is metabolized by nucleoside kinases to diphosphate (dFdCDP) and triphosphate (dFdCTP) nucleosides. Gemcitabine diphosphate inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reactions that generate deoxynucleoside triphosphates for DNA synthesis, resulting in reductions in deoxynucleotide concentrations, including dCTP. Gemcitabine triphosphate competes with dCTP for incorporation into DNA. The reduction in the intracellular concentration of dCTP by the action of the diphosphate enhances the incorporation of gemcitabine triphosphate into DNA (selfpotentiation). After the gemcitabine nucleotide is incorporated into DNA, only one additional nucleotide is added to the growing DNA strands, which eventually results in the initiation of apoptotic cell death. etonogestrel|implanon|3-Oxodesogestrel 1111 miloxacin clopradone|triazolinone|etoperidone|etoperidone hydrochloride|etoperidone HCl 1112 hydroxypethidine etoposide|etosid|fytosid|toposar|zuyeyidal|VP-16 1113 melperone etoricoxib|arcoxia|etobrix|etocox|etoxib|etropain|nucoxia|torcoxia|MK-0663 1116 tramadol A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating. etretinate|ethyl etrinoate|tegison|tigasone 1117 butetamate etryptamine|ethyltryptamine|alpha-Ethyltryptamine|etryptamine acetate 1118 protriptyline Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation. votubia|everolimus|afinitor|certican|RAD001 1119 nortriptyline A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions. exalamide|2-n-Hexyloxybenzamide|hyperan 112 pentetrazol A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility. alendronate monosodium salt trihydrate|alendronate sodium trihydrate|alendronate sodium hydrate|alendronate|alendronic acid|alendronate sodium|aminohydroxybutane bisphosphonate|MK-217 1120 dimethylthiambutene exatecan|DX 8951|DX-8951a|DX-8951f|exatecan mesylate|exatecan hydrochloride 1121 clopirac 1122 ticlopidine An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES. aromasine|FCE 24304|exemestane|aromasin 1125 iprazochrome used in prophylaxis of migraine SCH58235|SCH-58235|ezetimib|ezetimibe|ezedoc|ezentia|ezetrol|zetia 1126 sulfaperin fadrozole|fadrozole hydrochloride|fadrozole HCl|fadrozole monohydrochloride|CGS 16949A|CGS-16949A 1127 sulfamerazine A sulfanilamide that is used as an antibacterial agent. ST-630|fulstan|hornel|falecalcitriol|flocacitriol|flocalcitriol|flocalcitrol|falecalcitoriol 1128 propacetamol prodrug for acetaminophen famciclovir|famcivir|famcyclovir|famtrex|famvir 1129 etaqualone famotidine|agufam|amfamox|antodine|apogastine|bestidine|brolin|cepal|digervin|dispromil 113 oxiniacic acid alexidine|bisguadine|bisguanidine|alexidine dihydrochloride 1130 pentifylline famprofazone|gewodin 1131 thialbarbital faropenem sodium hydrate|fropenem|faropenem sodium|faropenem 1132 tetracaine Local ester anesthetic that blocks both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane's permeability to sodium ions, which results in inhibition of depolarization with resultant blockade of conduction. fasudil HCl semihydrate|fasudil hydrochloride|fasudil|HA-1077|fasudil hydrochloride hydrate|HA1077|fasudil HCl 1133 mianserin A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors. 1134 sulfiram 1135 streptozocin An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals. febarbamate|phebarbamate 1136 oxycinchophen febuprol|valbil|valbilan 1137 albendazole A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38) februxostat|febuxostat|feburic|uloric|adenuric 1138 parethoxycaine feclobuzone 1139 oxprenolol A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. fedrilate|phenhydropyxylate 1140 mirtazapine A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. felbamate|felbamyl|felbatol 1141 antazoline An ethylenediamine derivative with histamine H1 antagonistic and sedative properties. Antazoline antagonizes histamine H1 receptor and prevents the typical allergic symptoms caused by histamine activities on capillaries, skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal and bronchial smooth muscles. These histamine activities include vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, pain, itching, and spasmodic contractions of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Antazoline is used to provide symptomatic relieve of allergic symptoms. dolinac|biphenylacetic acid|felbinac|seltouch|traxam|4-Biphenylylacetic acid|p-Biphenylacetic acid 1142 thiamine 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. felodipine|(RS)-Felodipine|(+/-)-Felodipine|flodil|dl-Felodipine 1143 myrtecaine fenalamide|femamide|phemamide|spasmamide 1144 chloralodol fenalcomine hydrochloride|cordoxene|fenalcomine 1145 bropirimine fenbufen|bufemid|lederfen|napanol 1146 doxofylline fencamfamine hydrochloride|fencamfamine HCl|reactivan|fencamfamin|fencamfamine|fencamfaminum|phencamphamine 1147 benzarone antihemorrhagic agent; structure fenclofenac sodium|fenclofenac|flenac 1148 nevirapine A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS. fendiline hydrochloride|fendiline|fendilin|(+/-)-Fendiline|phendilin|fendiline HCl 1149 dienestrol A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms. fenethylline hydrochloride|fenethylline|fenetylline|fenethylene|fenetyllin|phenethylline|theophyllineethylamphetamine|fenethylline HCl 115 methenamine An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173) alfuzosin|alfuzosin hydrochloride|xatral|SL 77|alfuzosin HCl 1150 practolol A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS. fenfluramine|DL-Fenfluramine|fenfluramine hydrochloride|fenfluramine HCl|pondimin|fintepla 1151 bucolome fenipentol|1-Phenylpentanol|pancoral|phenylbutylcarbinol|febichol 1152 trimetazidine A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease. fenofibrate|clorofibrate|fenobrate|lipofene|procetofen|procetofene 1153 atenolol A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect. fenoldopam hydrobromide|fenoldopam|fenoldopam mesylate|corlopam|fenoldopam mesilate 1154 desipramine A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors. fenoprofen|(+/-)-Fenoprofen|3-Phenoxyhydratropic acid|fenoprofen calcium|fenoprofen calcium salt|fenoprofen calcium salt dihydrate 1155 cyclizine A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935) fenoterol|phenoterol|fenoterol hydrobromide|fenoterol hydrochloride|fenoterol HCl 1156 propenidazole fenoverine|spasmopriv 1158 zidovudine A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. fenpentadiol|fentredum|tredum 1159 vidarabine A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus. fenpiprane 116 furtrethonium 1160 adenosine A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. fenpiverinium|fenpiverinium bromide 1161 voglibose fenproporex hydrochloride|fenproporex chlorhydrate|fenproporex|cyanoethylamphetamine|desobesi|ferrproporex 1162 cafaminol M.G. 13054|MG 13054|fenquizone|idrolone|fenquizone potassium 1163 sulfafurazole A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms. fenspiride|respiride|fenspiride hydrochloride|fenspiride HCl|decaspiride 1164 sulfamoxole A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent. fentanyl|fentanil|fentanyl citrate|effentora|instanyl|fentanyl hydrochloride|fentanyl HCl 1165 apomorphine A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. fentiazac calcium|fentiazac|donorest|flogene 1166 carbuterol sympathomimetric specific for beta2 receptors; proposed bronchodilator agent; minor descriptor (78-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ETHANOLAMINES (78-86); RN given refers to parent cpd fenticonazole nitrate|fenticonazole|lomexin|fenticonazole mononitate|fenizolan 1167 metoprolol A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS. fentonium|fentonium bromide|phenthonium|phenthonium bromide|phentonium|phentonium bromide 1168 azacyclonol major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd fepradinol hydrochloride|fepradinol 1169 pipradrol feprazone|fenilprenazone|methrazone|metrazone|phenylprenazone|pheprazone|prenazone 117 ethosuximide An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures. alibendol|cebera 1170 chlornaphazine fexofenadine|terfenadine carboxylate|fexofenadine hydrochloride|fexofenadine HCl 1171 nifurtoinol finasteride|finastid|prosteride|prostide|propecia 1172 inosine A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed) fipexide|p-Chlorophenoxyacetylpiperonylpiperazide|fipexide hydrochloride|fipexide HCl 1173 isoxepac Non-steroidal arylacetic acid derivative anti-inflammatory with analgesic and antipyretic activity flavodic acid sodium salt|flavodic acid 1174 razoxane An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. 1175 pentostatin A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity. urispas|flavoxate|flavoxate hydrochloride|flavoxate HCl 1176 dexrazoxane The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane. tambocor|flecainide|flecaine|flecainide acetate 1177 ripazepam fleroxacin|flerofloxacin|megalocin|megalone|quinodis 1178 diethylstilbestrol A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) idarac|floctafenine|diralgan|floctafenin|novodolan 1179 trimethidinium flomoxef 118 isometheptene 1180 moclobemide A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A (RIMA) that has antidepressive properties. ephtanon|flopropione|phloropropionone|profenon|propionylphloroglucinol|propiophloroglucine|cospanon 1181 dichlorophen Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.) florantyrone|florantyron|fluochol|fluorantyrone|zanchol 1182 propatylnitrate flosequinan|flosequinon|manoplax 1183 endralazine floxacillin|fluocloxacilin|flucloxacillin|fluoxacillin|flucloxacillin sodium 1184 sulfasomizole floxuridine|floxuridin|5-Fluorouracil deoxyriboside|5-Fluorodeoxyuridine 1185 sulfamethylthiazole 1186 rizatriptan Rizatriptan binds with high affinity to human cloned 5-HT1B/1D receptors. Rizatriptan presumably exerts its therapeutic effects in the treatment of migraine headache by binding to 5-HT1B/1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system. flubendazole|flumoxane|fluvermal|flubendazol 1188 orphenadrine A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm. flucytosine|Ro-2-9915|Ro 2-9915|ancotil|ancobon|5-fluorocytosine 1189 moxastine fludarabine 5'-monophosphate|fludarabine phosphate|fludura|fludara|2-F-ara-AMP 119 cyclopentamine aliskiren|rasilez|tekturna|aliskiren hemifumarate|aliskiren fumarate|SPP100 1190 dextrofemine fludiazepam|erispan|fludiazepan 1191 bifemelane alflorone acetate|fludrocortisone 21-acetate|fluorocortisol acetate|fluorohydrocortisone acetate|fludrocortisone acetate|florinef acetate 1192 pramiracetam cognition activator 1194 leflunomide An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS. fluindione|previscan 1195 epervudine flumazenil|anexate|flumazepil|mazicon|Ro-15-1788 1196 sulfamethizole A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent. flumatsynol|flumacinol|flumecinol|zixoryn|RGH-3332 1197 tolbutamide A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290) flumequine|flumigal|(+/-)-Flumequine|apurone 1198 estrone An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women. flumethasone pivalate|flumetasone pivalate|flumethasone 21-pivalate|locacorten|locorten 1199 hexestrol A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent. flumethiazide|flumethiazid|flumetiazid|trifluoromethylthiazide 12 acetohydroxamic acid urease inhibitor 120 kojic acid alizapride|alizapride hydrochloride|alizapride HCl 1200 doxylamine Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM. flunarizine|sibelium|flunarizine dihydrochloride|flunarizine hydrochloride|flunarizine HCl 1201 tolonium A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery. flunisolide|nasalide|bronalide 1202 fenethazine flunitrazepam|flunidazepam|fluridrazepam|flunipam 1203 mecloqualone analogue of methaqualone used for the treatment of insomnia flunoxaprofen|(S)-(+)-Flunoxaprofen|(S)-Flunoxaprofen 1204 nordazepam An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam. fluocinolone acetonide|fluocinolonacetonid|fluocinolone acetonide dihydrate|fluocinolone acetonide oil 1205 clofenamide fluocinonide|flucetonide|fluocinolide|fluocinolide acetate|fluocinolone acetonide acetate 1206 chloroprocaine Chloroprocaine, like other local anesthetics, blocks the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: (1) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) proprioception, and (5) skeletal muscle tone. fluocortolone|flucortolone|fluocortolon 1207 medazepam A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM. fluorescein|fluorescein acid|resorcinolphthalein|yellow fluorescein|fluorescein sodium 1208 pentrinitrol coronary vasodilator agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PROPYLENE GLYCOLS (75-85) fluorometholone|fluormetholon|flumetholone|flumetholon 1209 acetaminosalol prozac|fluoxetine|fluoxetine hydrochloride|fluoxetin|fluoxetine HCl 121 piracetam A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. alkofanone|alfone|clafanone 1210 carbubarb fluoxymesterone|androfluorene|androfluorone|fluotestin|fluoximesterone 1211 ftivazide flupentixol hydrochloride|flupenthixol|fluanxol|flupentixol|fluxanxol|flupentixol dihydrochloride|N-7009|flupentixol HCl 1212 amoscanate fluphenazine|fluorfenazine|fluorophenazine|fluorphenazine|ftorphenazine|phthorphenazine|fluphenazine hydrochloride|fluphenazine dihydrochloride|fluphenazine HCl|flufenazin 1213 metiazinic acid phenothiazine which acts as an anti-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENOTHIAZINES (75-86) fluphenazine decanoate|flufenazine decanoate|fluorophenazine decanoate|lyogen|modecate|prolixin decanoate 1215 carbutamide A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277) flupirtin maleate|flupirtine maleate|flupirtine|katadolon 1216 desomorphine an informal term for a cheap injectable illicit drug domestically prepared from codeine-containing medication in Russia fluprednisolone|alphadrol|etadrol 1217 subathizone flurandrenolide|fluadrenolone|fludroxycortide|fluorandrenolone|fluorandrenolone acetonide|fluoroandrenolone acetonide|flurandrenolone|flurandrenolone acetonide 1219 nepinalone flurbiprofen|(+/-)-Flurbiprofen|fluribiprofen|fluroben|flurofen|dl-Flurbiprofen|flurbiprofen sodium 122 methylthiouracil A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. allobarbital|allobarbitone|allylbarbitural|barbidal|diallylbarbital|diallylbarbituric acid 1220 dextromethorphan Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. flurbiprofen axetil|ropiopn 1222 delmopinol fluspirilene|fluspirilen|fluspiriline|redeptin|R 6218|R-6218 1223 bupranolol An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic. flutamide|flutopharm|niftholide|niftolide 1224 zoledronic acid An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS. flutazolam|coreminal 1225 muzolimine A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects. fluticasone proprionate|fluticasone propionate|flixotide|fluticasone 17-propionate 1226 zolimidine was MH 1977-92 (see under PYRIDINES 1977-90); SOLIMIDINE was see ZOLIMIDINE 1977-92; use PYRIDINES to search ZOLIMIDINE 1977-92; compound with analgesic, antipyretic & anti-inflammatory action; used mainly in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers due to its considerable mucopoietic action restas|flutoprazepam 1227 perisoxal UR-4056|flutrimazole 1228 sotalol An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias. flutropium bromide monohydrate|Ba 598 BR|Ba 598|Ba-598|flutropium bromide|flutropium 1229 estradiol The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids. lescol|fluvastatin|leschol|fluvastatin sodium|XU-62-320|fluvastatin sodium salt|fluvastatin sodium hydrate 123 mesna A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE. alloclamide hydrochloride|alloclamide HCl|tuselin|aloclamida|alloclamide 1230 quinisocaine fluvoxamine|fluvoxamine maleate|depromel 1231 pilsicainide folic acid|acifolic|aspol|cytofol|folacid|pteroylglutamic acid|folate sodium 1232 Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. sodium folinate|folinic acid|leucovorin|calcium folinate|leucovorin calcium|folinic acid calcium salt|folinic acid calcium|wellcovorin|folinic acid calcium salt pentahydrate 1234 nimustine Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms. noleptan|fominoben hydrochloride|fominoben|terion|fominoben HCl 1237 tolcapone Tolcapone is a selective and reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The precise mechanism of action of tolcapone is unknown, but it is believed to be related to its ability to inhibit COMT and alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of levodopa. It is believed that these sustained plasma levels of levodopa result in more constant dopaminergic stimulation in the brain, leading to greater effects on the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease patients. formildienolone|formebolone|esiclene|formyldienolone 1238 oxaflozane formestane|lentaron 124 trimethadione An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378) zyloprim|allopurinol|tautomeric mixture of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol and 1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one|allopurinol sodium 1240 stepronin fos-amprenavir|GW433908|GW-433908|telzir|fosamprenavir|amprenavir phosphate|fosamprenavir calcium 1241 modafinil A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS. foscavir|foscarnet|phosphonocarboxylic acid|phosphonoformic acid|foscarnet sodium|foscarnet sodium hydrate 1242 tilidine An opioid analgesic used similarly to MORPHINE in the control of moderate to severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1097) fosfluconazole|prodif 1243 dibutoline sulfate fosfomycin trometamol|fosfomycin|fosfomycin tromethamine 1244 carprofen anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class with selective inhibition of COX-2 versus COX-1 fosfosal|disdolen|phosphoric acid o-carboxyphenyl ester|salicyl phosphate|2-Phosphonoxybenzoic acid|2-Carboxyphenyl dihydrogen phosphate 1245 chlormezanone A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm. fosinopril|fosinopril sodium|fosenopril|fozitec|fosinapril 1246 tryparsamide was MH 1963-92; use TRYPANOCIDAL AGENTS to search TRYPARSAMIDE 1966-92 1248 guaiacol carbonate 1249 ensulizole sunscreening agent fotemustine|muphoran|mustophorane 125 valpromide allylestrenol|gestanin|gestanol|gestanon|orageston 1251 tybamate major descriptor (65-84); on-line search CARBAMATES (65-84); Index Medicus search TYBAMATE (65-84) frovatriptan|(R)-Frovatriptan|frovatriptan succinate|frovatriptan succinate hydrate|SB 209509|VML251 1252 nandrolone C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position. D-Fructopyranose|fructose|D-(-)-Fructose|D-(-)-Levulose|D-arabino-2-Hexulose|fruit sugar|levulose|nevulose 1253 ropivacaine An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons. anhydrous ftivazide|ftivazide|ftivazid|N-Isonicotinamido-3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzalimine|phthivazid|phthivazide|vanillaberon|vanizide 1255 chlorphenamine A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE. ZD9238|fulvestrant|faslodex|ICI 182,780 1256 iobenguane (123I) furaltadone|furmethanol|furmethonol|furmetonol|medifuran|furaltadon|furantoina|furazolin|furazoline|nitraldone|nitrofurmethone|nitrofurmeton|furaltadone hydrochloride|furaltadone HCl 1257 acetarsol furazolidone|diafuron|furaxone|furazol|furazolidinone|furazolidon|furazon|furidon|nitrofurazolidone|nitrofuroxon|furoxone 1258 nifuroxazide frusemide|furosemide|furosemid 1259 furalazine fursultiamine|tetrahydrofurfuryl thiamine disulfide|thiamin tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide|thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide|fursultiamin|diteftin|fursultiamine hydrochloride|fursultiamine HCl 126 valnoctamide alminoprofen|(+/-)-Alminoprofen|minalfene 1260 meturedepa 1261 homatropine minor descriptor (75-86); was see under BELLADONNA 1963-68 search TROPANES 1969-74 & BELLADONNA 1966-68; on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (75-86); RN given refers to endo-(+-)isomer silver fusidate|fusidic acid|flucidin|fucithalmic|fusidinic acid|ramycin|sodium fusidate|fusidic acid sodium|fusidic acid sodium salt 1262 meticrane GABA|4-aminobutanoic acid|piperidic acid|4-aminobutyric acid|gaballon|aminalon|aminobutyric acid|.GAMMA.-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID|gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 1263 physostigmine A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid|gabob|gabomade|gaboril|alpha-Hydroxy-GABA|gamibetal|beta-Hydroxy-GABA|buxamine|3-Hydroxy-GABA|aminohydroxybutyric acid 1264 propipocaine gabapentin|gabamox|gabapen|neurontin|gabapentine 1265 cyclobenzaprine structurally related to tricyclic antidepressants relieves skeletal muscle spasm of local origin without interfering with muscle function, it is ineffective in muscle spasm due to central nervous system disease 1266 propiram 1267 tipepidine dotarem|gadoterate meglumine|magnescope|Gd-DOTA meglumine 1268 flutamide Flutamide is an acetanilid, nonsteroidal, orally active antiandrogen. It exerts its antiandrogenic action by inhibiting androgen uptake and/or by inhibiting nuclear binding of androgen in target tissues or both. gadoteridol|Gadolinium-HP-DO 3A|ProHance 1269 oxagrelate 127 betanaphthol almitrine|almitrine mesylate|almitrine mesilate|duxil|almitrine dimesilate|almitrine dimesylate 1270 sulfabenzamide 1272 cyclandelate A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS. galantamine|galantamin|galantamina|lycoremin|lycoremine|galanthamine|(-)-Galantamine|(-)-Galanthamine|galantamine hydrobromide|galanthamine hydrobromide 1273 tetraethylphthalamide flaxedil|gallamine triethochloride|gallamonium iodide|gallamine triethyl iodide|gallamine triethiodide|gallamine 1274 molindone An indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283) 1275 mebhydrolin see also record for mebhydroline, RN: 524-81-2 gallopamil|methoxyverapamil|gallopamil hydrochloride|gallopamil HCl 1276 bolandiol dipropionate anabolic steroid with androgenic, estrogenic, and progestational activities gamma-Linolenic Acid|gamolenic|gamolenic acid 1277 etidocaine A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE. ganciclovir|denosine|gancyclovir|hydroxyacyclovir|natclovir|ganciclovir sodium 1278 chlorpropamide A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277) 1279 neridronic acid used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia ganirelix|orgalutran|ganirelix acetate 128 octanoic acid almotriptan|almotriptan malate|almogran|axert|LAS-31416 1280 clenbuterol A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma. gatifloxacin anhydrous|gatifloxin|gatifloxacin|gatifloxacin hydrate 1281 azathioprine Azathioprine is an inactive pro-drug of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), which acts as a purine antagonist but requires cellular uptake and intracellular anabolism to thioguanine nucleotides (TGNs) for immunosuppression. TGNs and other metabolites (e.g. 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides) inhibit de novo purine synthesis and purine nucleotide interconversions. The TGNs are also incorporated into nucleic acids and this contributes to the immunosuppressive effects of the medicinal product. Other potential mechanisms of azathioprine include the inhibition of many pathways in nucleic acid biosynthesis, hence preventing proliferation and activity of cells involved in the immune response (B and T lymphocytes). Because of these mechanisms, the therapeutic effect of azathioprine may be evident only after several weeks or months of treatment. Unlike 6-MP, the activity of the azathioprine metabolite 1-methyl-4-nitro-5-thioimidazole has not been clearly determined. However, compared with 6-MP it appears to modify the activity of azathioprine in several systems. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed) gefarnate|dixnalate|gefarnyl|geranyl farnesylacetate 1282 folescutol capillary therapeutic agent; vascular protector; structure ZD1839|gefitinib|iressa|ZD 1839 1283 entecavir Entecavir, a guanosine nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV reverse transcriptase, is efficiently phosphorylated to the active triphosphate form, which has an intracellular half-life of 15 hours. By competing with the natural substrate deoxyguanosine triphosphate, entecavir triphosphate functionally inhibits all three activities of the HBV reverse transcriptase: (1) base priming, (2) reverse transcription of the negative strand from the pregenomic messenger RNA, and (3) synthesis of the positive strand of HBV DNA. Entecavir triphosphate is a weak inhibitor of cellular DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and delta and mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma with Ki values ranging from 18 to > 160 microM. gemcitabine|gamcitabine|gemcitabine hydrochloride|gemcitabine HCl 1285 elliptinium synthetic ellipticine deriv; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source gemfibrosil|gemfibrozil|decrelip|lopizid 1286 acetamidoeugenol gemifloxacin mesilate|gemifloxacin|gemifloxacin mesylate 1288 venlafaxine A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT. 1289 maprotiline A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use. 129 valproic acid A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. alosetron|alosetron hydrochloride|alosetron HCl|alosetron monohydrochloride|GR68755 1290 amitriptyline Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines. gepefrine|d-alpha-Methyl-m-tyramine 1291 ethylmethylthiambutene gestodene|gestinol 1292 perhexiline 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis. gestrinone|dimetriose|dimetrose|nemestran|tridomose 1294 treosulfan immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer 1295 lomifylline 1296 pentoxifylline A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. gitoformate|formiloxin|formiloxine|pentaformylgitoxin 1297 sulfisomidine A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent. glafenine|alcidon|dolomate|glafenin|glaphenin|glaphenine|glicafan|glifanan|glifanar|glycerylaminophenaquine|privadol|glafenine hydrochloride|glafenine HCl 1298 sulfadimidine A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides. glibornurid|glibornuride|gluboride|Ro-6-4563 1299 tolycaine gliclazide|diabezidum|diabrezide|diabyl|diaprel|glimicron|glinormax|glyzide|gliclazid|dizalid|S 1702 13 hydroxycarbamide An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. levdobutamine|levdobutamine lactobionate|LY206243 130 octamoxin alfacalcidol|1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol|alfarol|alphacalcidol|einsalpha|alpha-calcidol|1-hydroxycholecalciferol 1300 proquazone nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent glimepiride|diameprid|glimax|glimperide|glirid 1301 demexiptiline glypidizine|glidiazinamide|K 4024|K-4024|K4024|glipizide|dipazide|glibenese|glipizid|glucotrol|glucozide|glupizide|glydiazinamide|melizide|napizide|sucrazide 1302 sodium gualenate gliquidone|glurenorm|beglynor|gliquidone calcium|gliquidone monosodium|gliquidone sodium 1303 egualen a stable azulene derivative, antiulcer agent glipentida|glypentide|glisentide|glipentide|staticum 1304 dimethocaine glisolamide|diabenor|glysolamide 1305 triprolidine Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness. glisoxepide|glisepin|glisoxepid 1306 diphemanil glucametacin|glucametacine|glucamethacin|indomethacin glucosamide 1307 gamolenic acid An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) glucosamine 1308 clidanac minor descriptor (75-89); on-line search INDENES & CYCLOHEXANES (71-74) & INDANS (75-89); INDEX MEDICUS search INDENES (71-89) glucosulfone|glucosulfone sodium|sodium glucosulfone|Angeli sulfone 1309 acecarbromal glucuronamide|beta-d-glucuronamide|beta-d-glucopyranuronamide 131 ethchlorvynol A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs. 1310 cidofovir An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS. glutamate|glutamic acid|L-Glutamic acid|glutaminic acid|glutaminol|glutamic acid hydrochloride|glutamic acid HCl 1312 oxamniquine An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121) glutathione|GSH|glutathion|deltathione|glutinal 1313 ramosetron glutethimide|elrodorm|glutethimid|glimid|glutetimid|noxiron|noxyron|sarodormin 1314 etamiphylline glyburide|glibenclamide|glicuformine 1315 moxisylyte An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312) glybuzole|desaglybuzole|gludiase|glybuzol 1316 letosteine glycerol|glycerin|glycerine|propane-1,2,3-triol|1,2,3-triglycerol|glycyl alcohol 1317 doxepin A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors. 1319 fenpiprane glycine|2-aminoacetic acid|aminoacetic acid 132 methyl aminolevulinate alphaprodine|(+/-)-Alphaprodine|nisintil|prisilidin|dl-alpha-Prodine 1320 sibutramine serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride 1321 levosimendan A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE. glidiazine|glycodiazine|glymidine|glycodiazine sodium|glymidine sodium|gondafon 1322 flumecinol liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme inducer glycopin|glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide|licopid 1323 sulfamonomethoxine Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent. 1324 sulfalene Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria. glycyclamide|cychloral|cyclamid|cyclamide|gliciclamide|glycyclamid|tolcyclamide 1325 sulfamethoxypyridazine A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent. glycyrrhizin|glycyrrhizic acid|18beta-Glycyrrhizic acid|glycyrrhizinic acid|glycyron|glycyrrhetinic acid glycoside|glycyrrhizinate dipotassium 1326 sulfameter Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections. 1328 phenprocoumon Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant. gossypol sodium|gossypol dipotassium|gossypol potassium|gosipol|gossypol 1329 ipriflavone granisetron monohydrochloride|BRL-43694|granisetron|sancuso|kevatril|granisetron hydrochloride|granisetron HCl|kytril 133 oxyquinoline An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics. alfaxolone|alfaxalone|alfadione|alphaxalone 1331 hydroxystilbamidine minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search STILBAMIDINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd griseofulvin|griseofulvin, microcrystalline|(+)-Griseofulvin|grisefulin|griseofulvin, ultramicrocrystalline|griseofulvin, ultramicrosize|griseofulvin, microsize 1332 mefexamide proposed psychotherapeutic agent with stimulatory action; minor descriptor (76-83); on-line & Index Medicus search GLYCOLATES (76-83) guabenxan sulfate|tensigradyl|guabenxan|guabenzodioxan 1333 hydroxytetracaine guacetisal|broncaspin|guacetisalum|guaiaspir 1334 tromantadine guaiacol|2-methoxyphenol|guaiastil|methylcatechol 1335 imipramine The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group. 1336 histapyrrodine guaifenesin|glycerin guaiacolate|glycerol guaiacolate|guaifenesine|guaiphenesin|guaiphenesine|myocain|myocaine|myoscain 1337 bamipine guaimesal 1338 linoleic acid A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed) 134 emylcamate minor descriptor (66-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (66-84) alpidem|ananxyl 1340 flufenamic acid An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16) 1342 nitrazepam A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic. guanethidine|abapresin|ismelin|octatensine|oktatensin|guanethidine monosulfate|guanethidine sulfate 1343 trimetozine guanfacine|guanfacine hydrochloride|guanfacine HCl|guanfacine monohydrochloride 1344 indoprofen A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21) guanidine|aminoformamidine|iminourea|guanidin|carbamamidine|guanidine hydrochloride|guanidine HCl 1346 ciclosidomine guanoxan sulfate|guanoxan|guanoxane 1347 albendazole sulfoxide Albendazole oxide (also known as albendazole sulphoxide and ricobendazole) is a benzimidazole with a broad-spectrum anthelmintic used in veterinary medicine. It is also a metabolite of two other veterinary drugs: netobimin and albendazole. The mechanism of action of ricobendazole (albendazole sulfoxide), ensuring its anthelmintic activity, is associated with selective inhibition of beta-tubulin polymerization. It binds to the colchicine site of tubulin, inhibiting microtubule polymerization. It also exhibits anticancer activity, potentiating the effects of taxanes and inhibiting cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and melanoma cells. Also, albendazole oxide has been shown to induce apoptosis in human cancer cell line HT-29, possibly by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. deoxyspergualin|gusperimus hydrochloride|gusperimus trihydrochloride|gusperimus|(+/-)-Deoxyspergualin|gusperimus HCl 1349 piberaline halobetasol propionate|ulobetasol propionate|miracorten 135 heptaminol An amino alcohol that has been used as a myocardial stimulant and vasodilator and to relieve bronchospasm. Its most common therapeutic use is in orthostatic hypotension. The mechanism of heptaminol's therapeutic actions is not well understood although it has been suggested to affect catecholamine release or calcium metabolism. alpiropride 1350 phentolamine A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease. halofantrine hydrochloride|halofantrine|halfan|halofantrine HCl 1351 diphenylpyraline an antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis, hay fever, and allergic skin disorders, diphenylpyraline blocks the action of endogenous histamine at the histamine H1 receptor 1352 xanomeline a cholinergic agonist; used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; structure given in first source halometasone|halomethasone|sicorten 1353 terodiline Terodiline relaxes the smooth muscle and used to reduce bladder tone in treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence. Muscle relaxation caused by terodiline, is probably due to its anticholinergic and calcium antagonist activity haloperidol|aloperidin|haloperin|sigaperidol|haloperidol lactate 1354 alverine THS-201|halopredone acetate|alopredone|haloart 1355 niflumic acid An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. haloprogine|haloprogin 1356 bendazac halothane|anestan|fluothane|ftorotan|narcotan|narcotane|rhodialothan 1357 artemisinin antimalarial from Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua haloxazolam|somelin 1358 vedaprofen heparin|heparin sodium|heparin calcium 136 gimeracil a biochemical and pharmacological modulator of 5-FU xanax|alprazolam|alprozolam|alzolam 1360 octatropine methylbromide minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer heptabarbital|heptabarbitone|heptabarbum|heptabarb 1361 emepronium A muscarinic antagonist used mainly in the treatment of urinary syndromes. It is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. heptaminol|2-Amino-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptane|heptaminol hydrochloride|heptaminol HCl 1362 ethanolamine oleate used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma hesperetin|hesperitin 1363 oleic acid An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed) hetacillin potassium|hetacillin|etacillin|penplenum|phenazacillin 1364 tribromoethanol major descriptor (66-90); on-line search ETHANOL (66-90); INDEX MEDICUS search TRIBROMOETHANOL (66-90) hexachlorophene|almederm|dermadex|exofene|hexachlorofen|hexachlorophen|hexophene 1365 risedronic acid A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION. hexafluorenium bromide|hexafluronium|hexafluorenium dibromide|hexafluronium bromide 1366 papaveroline hexamethonium|benzohexamethonium|hexamethone|hexanium|hexathonide|hexamethonium bromide|hexamethonium dibromide|hexamethonium dibromide dihydrate 1367 afloqualone hexapropymate|hexopropynate|merinax|modirax 1368 cadralazine dihydrodiethylstilbestrol|hexestrol|cycloestrol|erythrohexestrol|hexanoestrol|hexestrofen|hexoestrol|hormoestrol|mesohexestrol 1369 levallorphan An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683) hexobarbital|barbidorm|hexobarbitone|methexenyl|methylhexabarbital|methylhexabital 137 sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants. alprenolol|alpheprol|dl-Alprenolol|(RS)-Alprenolol|(+/-)-Alprenolol|alprenoxime hydrochloride|alprenolol hydrochloride|alprenoxime HCl|alprenolol HCl 1370 trolnitrate synonym Angitrit refers to phosphate; structure #412; RN given refers to parent cpd hexobendine|ditrimin|ditrimine|ditrymine|hexabendin|hexabendine|hexobendin 1374 tropisetron An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting. hexylresorcinol|4-Hexylresorcinol|antascarin|ascaricid|ascarinol 1375 tropicamide One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic. ceplene|histamine|5-imidazoleethylamine|eramin|ergamine|ergotidine|histamine dihydrochloride|histamine phosphate|histamine diphosphate 1376 taurolidine histapyrrodine hydrochloride|histapyrrodine HCl|histapyrrodine|luvistin 1377 sulfaethidole minor descriptor (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SULFATHIAZOLES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd L-Histidine|histidine 1378 articaine A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE. homarylamine|3,4-(Methylenedioxy)-N-methyl-beta-phenethylamine|N-Methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine 1379 etozolin homatropine sulfate|homatropine|(+/-)-Homatropine|(+/-)-Mandelyltropine|homatropin|homoatropine|mandelyltropeine|tropine mandelate|homatropine hydrobromide 138 adipic acid alprostadil|prostaglandin E1|vasaprostan|PGE1|prostavasin 1380 methylthioninium chloride A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN. homatropine methylbromide|methatropine|methylhomatropine bromide|methylhomatropine 1381 bibenzonium homochlorcyclizine|homochlorocyclizine|homoclomine|homodamon|homochlorcyclizine dihydrochloride 1382 isopromethazine omofenazina|homofenazine 1383 promethazine A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals. hycanthone|hycanthon 1384 promazine A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic. hydralazine|hydralazine hydrochloride|hydralazine HCl 1385 lynestrenol A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). hydrochlorothiazide|hydrochlorothiazid|hydrochlorthiazide|hydrochlorzide 1386 iprindole A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257) hydrocodone|dihydrocodeinone|hydrocodon|multacodin|hydrocodone bitartrate|hydrocodone polistirex 1387 cetrimonium Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics. hydrocortamate|ethamicort|magnacort|hydrocortamate hydrochloride|hydrocortamate HCl 1388 sulfachlorpyridazine A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine. hydrocortisone|17-hydroxycorticosterone|acticort|cetacort|hydracort|hydrasson|hydrocortisyl|cortisol 1389 disulfamide hydrocortisone aceponate 139 isosorbide 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma. alsactide|synchrodyn 1390 mazindol Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. hydrocortisone cypionate|cortisol cypionate|hydrocortisone cyclopentylpropionate 1391 diazepam A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity. 1392 bromebric acid major descriptor (74-86); on line search ACRYLATES (74-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BROMEBRIC ACID (74-86); RN given refers to parent cpd hydroflumethiazide|trifluoromethylhydrothiazide 1394 flunoxaprofen hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide|hydroxyamfetamine hydrobromide|hydroxyamfetamine|hydroxyamphetamine|oxamphetamine|hydroxyamphetamide|paredrine|hydroxyamphetamin|para-Hydroxyamphetamine|methyltyramine 1395 nifuratel Local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally. hydroxychloroquine|hydroxychloroquine sulfate|oxichloroquine|oxychlorochin|oxychloroquine 1396 letrozole Letrozole is a nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of the aromatase enzyme system; it inhibits the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Used in treatment of hormonally responsive breast cancer (i.e., estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive or receptor unknown) 1397 faropenem hydroxyphenamate|oxyfenamate|oxyphenamate 1398 morphine The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle. hydroxystilbamidine isethionate|hydroxystilbamidine|hydroxystilbamidine isetionate|hydroxystilbamidine hydrochloride 1399 hydromorphone An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine. xromi|siklos|hydroxyurea|biosupressin|carbamohydroxamic acid|carbamohydroximic acid|carbamoyl oxime|oxyrea|oxyurea|hydroxycarbamide 14 propylene glycol A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations. 140 coumarin effective in reducing edema following crush & thermal injury; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2547; Coumarin itself occurs in the Tonka bean altizide|aldactazine|althiazide|althizide|altizid|racemic althiazide|altizida 1400 probenecid The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy. hydroxyzine pamoate|hydroxizine|hydroxyzin|hydroxyzyne|tranquizine|hydroxyzine|hydroxyzine hydrochloride|hydroxyzine dihydrochloride|hydroxyzine HCl 1401 medrylamine hymecromone|imecromone|cantabilin|cholestil|cholspasmin|mendiaxon|bilcolic|bilicante 1402 mepyramine A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies. hyoscyamine hydrobromide|hyoscyamine|(-)-Atropine|(-)-Hyoscyamine|L-Hyoscyamin|L-Hyoscyamine|l-Atropine|hyoscyamine sulfate 1403 prothipendyl a neuroleptic azaphenothiazine; RN given refers to parent cpd 1404 isothipendyl bonviva|ibandronic acid|ibandronate|boniva|ibandronate sodium 1405 pentazocine The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97) ibopamine|ibopamine hydrochloride|ibopamine HCl 1407 cladribine An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia. ibuprofen lysine|ibuprofen lysinate|ibuprofen lysine salt|soluphene|solufenum|neoprofen|ibuprofen|ibuprofen sodium 1409 asenapine ibuprofen piconol|pimeprofen|staderm 141 glutamine A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. altretamine|hexalen|hexamethylmelamine|hexylen 1410 guaimesal ibuprofen guaiacol ester|methoxybutropate|metoxibutropate 1411 guacetisal tolerated by patients with aspirin-asthma ibuproxam|ibudros 1412 sulfametrole U82209E|U-82209E|U 82209E|ibutilide|ibutilide fumarate 1413 butazopyridine ethyl-eicosapent|ethyl eicosapent|ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid|icosapent ethyl|vascepa|ethyl eicosapentaenoate|ethyl icosapentate|timnodonic acid ethyl ester|epadel 1414 abacavir a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity; structure given in first source idarubicin|4-Demethoxydaunomycin|4-Demethoxydaunorubicin|demethoxydaunorubicin|idarubicin hydrochloride|idarubicin HCl 1415 methallenestril 1416 thonzylamine major descriptor (72-84); file-maintained to PYRIMIDINES hydroxydecyl ubiquinone|CV-2619|CV 2619|idebenone|daruma|raxone 1417 androstenedione A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL. idoxuridine|iododeoxyuridine|allergan|idoxene|idoxuridin 1418 thenalidine antihistaminic, antipruritic; RN in Chemline for thenalidine calcium: 67250-62-8; structure idrocilamide|brolitene|srilane 1419 retinol Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products. ifenprodil|ifenprodil tartrate 142 lysine An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed. alverine hydrochloride|alverine|dipropylin|dipropyline|phenopropamine|phenpropamine|alverine citrate|alverine citrate salt 1420 oxazepam A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia. 1421 brallobarbital ifosfamide|holoxan|ifomide|ifosfamid|ifosfomide|ifosphamide|iphosphamide|isoendoxan|isofosfamide|isophosphamide|mitoxana|naxamide 1422 fenticlor iloprost|ciloprost|endoprost|ilomedin|ventavis|ZK36374|ZK-36374|ZK 36374 1423 incadronic acid increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source imatinib|gleevec|imatinib mesylate|imatinib mesilate|CGP-57-148B|CGP57148B|CGP-57148|CGP57148|STI-571|STI571 1424 tenofovir An adenine analog REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS and CHRONIC HEPATITIS B, in combination with other ANTIVIRAL AGENTS, due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when it is used alone. imidapril hydrochloride|tanatril|imidapril|TA-6366|imidapril HCl 1425 nifurtimox A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS. 1426 sulmazole imipenem|tienamycin|imipemide|imipenen|imipenem hydrate 1428 ritodrine An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR. 1429 galantamine A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders. imiquimod|aldara|beselna|zyclara 143 oxapropanium alvimopan dihydrate|alvimopan anhydrous|LY246736|LY-246736|alvimopan|entereg 1430 etodolac A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE). imolamine|imolamine hydrochloride|imolamine HCl 1431 zolmitriptan an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist YM-21175-1|bisphonal|incadronic acid|cimadronate|cimadronic acid|icandronate|incadronate|incadronate disodium hydrate|incadronate disodium|YM-175|YM175 1432 naftifine allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd indalpine hydrochloride|LM 50084|indalpine|lipstene|upstene|indalpine HCl 1433 cyproheptadine A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc. metindamide|indapamide hemihydrate|indapamide|flupamid|indaflex|indamide|indamol|veroxil|(+/-)-Indapamide 1434 rhodoquine indecainide hydrochloride|decabid|indecainide|ricainide|indecainide HCl 1435 proxazole indeloxazine hydrochloride|indeloxazine|(+/-)-Indeloxazine|indeloxazine HCl 1436 procyclidine A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism. indenolol|indenolol hydrochloride|securpres|indenolol HCl 1437 cycrimine indinavir|indinavir sulphate|crixivan|indinavir sulfate 1438 chlorproguanil dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure indisetron hydrochloride|indisetron HCl|sinseron|indisetron 1439 fospropofol indobufen|ibustrin|K 3920|K-3920 144 acetylcholine A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. Miochol-E (acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution) is used to obtain miosis of the iris in seconds after delivery of the lens in cataract surgery, in penetrating keratoplasty, iridectomy and other anterior segment surgery where rapid miosis may be required. amantadine|adamantamine|adamantanamine|adamantylamine|amantadine hydrochloride|amantidine|adamantamine fumarate|amantadine HCl|amantadine sulfate 1441 piromidic acid Antibacterial against mainly gram negative organisms. It is used for urinary tract and intestinal infections. 1442 protiofate indoprofen|isindone|racemic indoprofen 1443 difenpiramide non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent; do not confuse with herbicide diphenamid; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure Wy21901|Wy 21901|Wy-21901|indoramin|indoramine 1444 estriol A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol. inositol|myo-Inositol|cyclohexanehexol|cyclohexitol|inosital|inositene|inositina|mesoinositol|myoinosite|myoinositol 1445 malotilate inositol niacinate|hexanicit|hexanicotinoyl inositol|hexanicotol|inositol hexaniacinate|inositol hexanicotinate|inositol nicotinate 1446 phenglutarimide intoplicine|RP-60475 1447 milverine inulin 1448 testosterone A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL. iobenguane sulfate I-123|iobenguane I-123|iobenguane|iobenguane I 123|iobenguane sulfate I 123|iobenguane (123I)|iobenguane sulfate 1449 methylestrenolone was MH 1963-92; METHYLESTRENOLONE & METHYLNORTESTOSTERONE were see NORMETHANDROLONE 1963-92; use ESTRENES to search NORMETHANDROLONE 1966-92 iobitridol 145 trientine An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION. ambazone|faringosept|1,4-benzoquinone amidinohydrazone thiosemicarbazone|inversal|ivertol 1450 prasterone A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion. iocarmic acid 1451 bupivacaine A widely used local anesthetic agent. iocetamic acid|cholebrine 1452 levobupivacaine S-enantiomer of bupivacaine, local anaesthetic iodamide|ametriodic acid|ametriodinic acid|iodamide meglumine 1453 methitural 1454 ethylestrenol An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect. iodinated glycerol|organidin|iodopropylidene glycerol|glycerol iodinated 1455 desalkylflurazepam iodipamide|adipiodone|iodipamic acid|adipiodon|meglumine adipiodone|iodipamide meglumine|iodipamide sodium|cholografin meglumine|cholografin sodium 1456 tetrazepam 1457 propallylonal iodoquinol|diiodohydroxyquinoline|diiodohydroxyquin|diiodoquin|diiodoquinol 1458 ciprofibrate Ciprofibrate is a new derivative of phenoxyisobutyric acid which has a marked hypolipidaemic action. It reduces both LDL and VLDL and hence the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol associated with these lipoprotein fractions. It also increases levels of HDL cholesterol. iodothiouracil|iothiouracil|5-Iodo-2-thiouracil 1459 tazanolast Iofetamine I 123|Iofetamine (123I)|123I-IMP|123I-Spectamine 146 glutamic acid A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. ambenonium|ambenonium chloride|ambestigmin chloride|mytelase chloride|mytelase 1460 adrafinil induces hyperactivity 1461 rotraxate iohexol 1462 hyoscyamine The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. iomazenil|iomazenil (123I) 1463 atropine An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. iomeprol|iomeron|imeron 1464 improsulfan iopamidol|iopamiron 1465 butaverine iopanoic acid|iopanoicum|iodopanoic acid|iodopanic acid 1467 dyclonine minor descriptor (66-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PROPIOPHENONES (66-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure iophendylate|iofendylate 1468 caramiphen iopromide|iopromidum 1469 bencyclane A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels. iothalamic acid|iotalamic acid|methalamic acid|iothalamate meglumine|meglumine iotalamate|iothalamate sodium 147 meldonium structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, also of carnitine; antianginal compound; MET-88 is dihydrate; structure given in first source ambroxol hydrochloride|ambroxol|ambroxils|lasolvan|ambroxol HCl 1470 triclosan A diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action. iotrolan|iotrol|iotrovist|isovist 1471 quinethazone ioversol|joversol|MP-328 1472 nicoclonate ioxaglic acid|Hexabrix 160|ioxaglate sodium|ioxaglate meglumine|ioxaglate 1473 clofedanol ioxilan|ioxitol 1474 chloropyramine ipodate|oragrafin sodium|iopodic acid|bilimin acid|bilopten|oragrafin|calcium iopodate|ipodate sodium|sodium iopodate|ipodate calcium 1475 cianidanol An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. ipratropium|ipratropium bromide|ipratropium bromide hydrate|ipratropium bromide monohydrate 1476 bagrosin iprazochrome|divascan|isopropylnoradenochrome monosemicarbazone|isopropylnoradrenochrome monosemicarbazone 1477 trimethoprim A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported. 7-isopropoxyisoflavone|ipriflavone|iprivone|iprosten|osteofix|osten 1478 procaterol A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. iprindole|pramindole 1479 sulcaine iproclozide|iproclozid 148 carbachol A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. ambucetamide|dibutamide 1480 sultiame marsilid|iproniazid phosphate|iproniazid|euphozid|iprazid|iprazide|iproniazide|iproniazide phosphate 1481 methylhomatropine irbesartan|aprovel|irbesartan hydrochloride|karvea|ifirmasta|irbesartan HCl 1482 oxabolone irinotecan liposome injection|onivyde|irinotecan liposome|irinotecan|irinotecan hydrochloride|irinotecan hydrochloride hydrate|irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate|irinotecan HCl 1484 suxamethonium A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for. irsogladine|dicloguamine|irsogladine maleate 1485 azatadine indulian (UD 21;71k) is dimaleate; do not confuse with AZACITIDINE isaxonine|N-(Isopropylamino)-2-pyrimidine 1486 androstanolone A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE. isepamicin sulfate|isepamicin|isepamicine 1488 androstenediol An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES). isobromindione|uridion 1489 mepiperphenidol 149 ketoxal modifies guanine containing oligoribonucleotides by reacting selectively with guanine in polynucleotides; structure ambutonium|ambutonium bromide 1490 carbinoxamine antihistamine with anticholinergic and sedative properties marplan|Ro 5-0831/1|Ro 5-0831|isocarboxazid|benazide|isocarboxazide|isocarboxyzid 1491 lindane Any of several polyhalogenated organic compounds consisting of a six-carbon ring with one chlorine and one hydrogen attached to each carbon. isoetharine mesilate|isoetharine|isoetharine mesylate|isoetarine|etyprenaline|isoctarine|isoetarin|isothurin|isoetharine hydrochloride|isoetharine mesylate salt|isoetharine HCl 1492 sulfamidochrysoidine isofezolac|sofenac 1493 befunolol synonym BFE 60 refers to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure isoflurane|1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether|forane|forene|isoforine|isorrane 1494 eseridine isoflurophate|phosphorofluoridic acid|difluorophate|diflupyl|diisopropyl fluorophosphate|fluostigmine 1495 fasudil intracellular calcium antagonist isometadone|isomethadone|isadanone|isoamidone 1496 pecilocin fungicidal antibiotic produced by Paecilomyces varioti Bainier var. antibioticus; structure isometheptene|isomethepten|octinum|6-Methylamino-2-methylheptene|isometheptene mucate|isometeptene 1497 eucatropine isoniazid|4-Pyridinecarboxylic hydrazide|armazid|isoniazide|isonicotinohydrazide 1498 cyclopentolate A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia. isonixine sodium|isonixin|isonixine|nixyn 1499 levobunolol The L-Isomer of bunolol. isoprenaline|isoproterenol|isoproterenol hydrochloride|DL-Isoproterenol|isoprenalin|isoprenaline sulfate|DL-isoprenaline hydrochloride|isoproterenol sulfate|isoproterenol HCl|DL-isoprenaline HCl 15 mercaptamine A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS. 150 trolamine amcinonide|amciderm|amcinonid|cyclocort 1500 butinoline isopropamide bromide|isopropamide|isopropamid|isopropamide iodide 1501 perlapine isosorbide|(+)-D-Isosorbide|isobide 1502 penbutolol A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent. 1503 terbinafine A naphthalene derivative that inhibits fungal SQUALENE EPOXIDASE and is used to treat DERMATOMYCOSES of the skin and nails. 1504 melitracen 1505 lobenzarit prevents autoimmune kidney disease in hybrid mice; RN given refers to parent cpd r-isosorbide dinitrate|vascardin|astridine|isosorbide dinitrate 1506 zomepirac isosorbide mononitrate|isosorbide 5-mononitrate|isosorbide 5-nitrate|monosorbitrate|isosorbide-5-mononitrate 1507 butedronic acid isothipendyl|dimethylaminoisopropylazaphenothiazine|isothipendyl hydrochloride|isothipendyl HCl 1508 brimonidine A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION. isotretinoin|13-cis-retinoic acid|13-cis-vitamin A acid|accure|accutane|isotrex|neovitamin A acid|roaccutan|roaccutane 1509 cloranolol tobanum is for (+-)-isomer, HCl salt; RN given refers to parent cpd isoxicam|floxicam|vectren|W 8495 151 methionine A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions. 1510 edetic acid A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. duvadilan|isoxuprine|isoxsuprine|isoxsuprine hydrochloride|vadosilan|dilavase|isoxsuprine HCl 1511 tiamiprine isradipine|dynacrine|isradipin|isrodipine 1512 picrotoxin A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates. itopride hydrochloride|ganaton|itopride|itropride|itopride HCl 1513 bifluranol itraconazole|canditral|itrizole|oriconazole|traconal|triasporin|R-51211 1514 carteolol A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent. 1515 leucinocaine 1516 ambucetamide 1517 dimetindene A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies. ixabepilone|Azaepothilone B|ixempra|BMS-247550 1518 perfosfamide josamycin|Leucomycin A3|iosalide|josacine|josamina|Turimycin A5 1519 oxaprozin An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE. kanamycin monosulfate|kanamycin a|kanamycin|kanacin|kanamycin sulfate|Kanamycin A sulfate 152 penicillamine 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease. 1520 ondansetron A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. bekanamycin|Kanamycin B|aminodeoxykanamycin|kanendomycin|Nebramycin V 1521 anastrozole A nitrile and triazole derivative that acts as a selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of ESTROGEN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. 1522 pramocaine kebuzone|chebutan|chetazol|chetazolidin|ketanol|ketazon|ketazone|ketophenylbutazone 1523 butoxycaine ketamine|narketan|(+/-)-Ketamine|ketamine hydrochloride|ketamine HCl 1524 amitriptylinoxide R 41 468|ketanserin|ketensin|suffrexal|ketanserin tartrate hydrate|ketanserin tartrate|R 41468 1525 pimethixene ketazolam|loftran 1526 dimazole ketobemidone|cetobemidon|cetobemidone|cliradon|cliradone 1527 prozapine ketoconazole|(+/-)-ketoconazole|brizoral|fungarest|fungoral|ketoderm|ketoisdin|ketozoral|nizoral|nizral|panfungol|ketoconazol|R-41400 1528 pramiverine long acting cholinolytic proposed for gastrointestinal spasms; minor descriptor (78-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CYCLOHEXYLAMINES (78-84); RN given refers to parent cpd RP 19583|RP-19583|ketoprofen|ketoprofene|ketoprophen 1529 butriptyline a tricyclic antianxiety and antidepressive agent similar to, but with less side effects than amitriptyline; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd ketorolac|ketorolac tromethamine|ketorolac trometamol|trometamol ketorolac|(+/-)-Ketorolac|keromin 153 phenpromethamine amezinium methyl sulfate|amezinium|amezinium metilsulfate|regulton 1530 budipine HC 20-511|ketotifen|ketotifen fumarate 1531 lumiracoxib A selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that belongs to the group cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors. It blocks the COX-2 enzyme, resulting in a reduction in the production of prostaglandins, substances that are involved in the inflammation process. labetalol|labetalol hydrochloride|albetol|ibidomide|labetalol HCl|SCH 19927|SCH-19927 1532 lidofenin lacidipine|lacipil|lacirex|GR-43659X|motens 1533 rosoxacin DL-LACTIC ACID|lactic acid|lactate|(2RS)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid|LACTIC ACID, DL- 1534 sulfametomidine pizensy|lactitol|lactite|lactiobiosit|lactositol 1535 sulfacytine anhydrous lactose|lactose|aletobiose|(+)-Lactose|dilactose|lactobiose|respitose 1536 troxipide lactulose|bifiteral|cephulac|D-Lactulose|isolactose|lactulose hydrate 1537 alosetron FRG 8813|FRG-8813|lafutidine|laflutidine|protecadin 1538 norgestrienone A synthetic steroid with progestational and contraceptive activities. 1539 propoxycaine A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017) lamivudine|virolam|zeffix 154 phentermine A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity. 1540 proparacaine lamictal|lamotrigine|lamitrin|lamotrigin|BW 430C 1541 eburnamonine 1542 vinburnine 1543 noxiptiline proposed tricyclic antidepressent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd lanatoside C|allocor|cedilanid|ceglunat|ceglunate|celadigal|celanid|celanide|cetosanol|Digilanide C|Digilanogen C|isolanid|isolanide|Lanatigen C 1544 trimipramine Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties. 1545 dimetacrine minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ACRIDINES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation rapibloc|onoact|ONO-1101|ONO 1101|landiolol|landiolol hydrochloride|landiolol HCl 1546 sodium tetradecyl sulfate An anionic surface-active agent used for its wetting properties in industry and used in medicine as an irritant and sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids and varicose veins. lanreotide|angiopeptin|ipstyl|lanreotide autogel|somatulin-autogel|somatuline|lanreotide acetate 1547 sodium myristyl sulfate prevacid|lansoprazole|A-65006|AG 1749|AG-1749 1548 tiadenol lapatinib tosilate hydrate|lapatinib tosilate|lapatinib|GW 572016X|tyverb|lapatinib ditosylate|GW572016F|lapatinib ditosilate|lapatinib ditosilate hydrate|lapatinib ditosylate hydrate 1549 estazolam A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM. l-arginine|L-Arg|arginine|arginine hydrochloride|arginine HCl 155 methamphetamine A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed. amidefrine mesilate|amidephrine|amidefrine|(+/-)-Amidephrine|amidephrine mesylate|amidefrine mesylate|amidephrine mesilate 1550 bucloxic acid water insoluble anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic & antipyretic properties L-Aspartic acid|asparagic acid|aspartic acid 1551 glyconiazide roclanda|latanoprost|xalatan|(15R)-Latanoprost|PhXA41 1552 azidamfenicol leflunomide medac|leflunomide|arava|avara|leflunomida|leflunomidum|lefumide|repso 1553 nimetazepam valacillin|KBT-1585|KBT 1585|lenampicillin|lenampicillin hydrochloride|lenampicillin HCl 1554 mebendazole A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES. 1555 indobufen thromboxane A2 antagonist letosteine|viscotiol|visoctiol 1556 floredil CGS-20267|CGS 20267|letrozole|lerozole|letrazole|femara 1557 esmolol a beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic receptor blocking agent with rapid onset, a very short duration of action, and no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilizing activity at therapeutic dosages leucine|L-Leucine|Leu 1558 dibenzepin 1559 sumatriptan A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. leuprorelin|leuprolide acetate|eligard|leupline|leuprolide|leuprorelin acetate|leuprorelin mesilate 1560 difemetorex levallorphan|levallorphan tartrate|lorfan|naloxiphan 1561 pridinol antispasmodic & muscle relaxant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7539 levamisole hydrochloride|levamisole|tetramisole|levamisol|levamizol|tetramisole hydrochloride|levamisole HCl|tetramisole HCl|levamisole phosphate|levamisole resinate 1562 normethadone levamphetamine|levoamphetamine|R-Amphetamine|L-Amphetamine|levamfetamine|levamfetamine succinate 1563 picoperine keppra|levetiracetam|matever|(-)-Levetiracetam|levroxa|UCB-6474|UCB 6474 1564 tertatolol livostin|levocabastine hydrochloride|levocabastine|levophta|levocabastine HCl 1565 pizotifen Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches. 1566 dosulepin A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action. levocetirizine hydrochloride|xyzal|levocetirizine|levocetirizine dihydrochloride|(R)-cetirizine|levocetirizine HCl 1567 diisopromine levodopa|ledopa|3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine|DOPA|dihydroxyphenylalanine 1568 chlorothiazide A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812) levodropropizine|(-)-Dropropizine 1569 chloropyrilene not carcinogenic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source levofloxacin anhydrous|levofloxacin hydrate|levaquin|oftaquix|quixin|(S)-Ofloxacin|levofloxacin 157 ditiocarb A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM. amikacin|amicacin|amikacillin|arikace|lukadin|amikacin sulfate|amikacin hydrate 1570 sulfarside 1571 meclofenamic acid A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis. levomethadyl acetate hydrochloride|levacetylmethadol|levomethadyl acetate|levomethadyl|orlaam|levomethadyl acetate HCl|levacetylmethadol hydrochloride 1572 diclofenac A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt. levonorgestrel|18-Methylnorethindrone|D-Norgestrel|dexnorgestrel|norgestrel 1573 trifluridine An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557) levopropoxyphene|l-Propoxyphene|levopropoxyphene napsylate|levopropoxyphene napsylate anhydrous|novrad 1574 bermoprofen levorphanol|racemorphan|aromarone|levorphan|N-Methyl-3-hydroxymorphinan|levorphanol tartrate|levo-dromoran 1576 exiproben levosimendan|(R)-Simendan|simdax 1577 propizepine levopraid|levosulpiride|(-)-Sulpiride|L-Sulpiride|lesuride|levobren|levopride 1578 glycyclamide lidamidine monohydrochloride|WHR-1142A|lidamidine hydrochloride|lidamidine|lidamidine HCl 1579 bentazepam lignocaine|lidocaine|xylocain|dalcaine|duncaine|esracaine|solarcaine|lidocaine hydrochloride|lidocaine hydrochloride anhydrous|lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate|lidocaine HCl 158 tartaric acid amiloride|amiloride hydrochloride|amiloride hydrochloride anhydrous|amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate|amiloride HCl 1580 exemestane a hormonal antineoplastic agent lidoflazine|corflazine|lidoflazin|lidoflazinum|ordiflazine 1581 ethinylestradiol A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. opalmon|limaprost alfadex|ONO1206|ONO 1206|limaprost 1582 palonosetron an antiemetic and antinauseant agent, it is a serotonin subtype 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist with a strong binding affinity for this receptor and little or no affinity for other receptors lincomycin|cillimycin|jiemycin|Lincomycin A|medoglycine|lincomycin hydrochloride|lincomycin HCl|lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate 1584 dimevamide linezolid|linospan|linox|zyvox|zyvoxid|linezolid sodium chloride|linezolide|U-100766|U 100766 1586 parathiazine liranaftate|piritetrate 1587 methdilazine lisinopril|linopril|nanopril|lisinopril hydrate|lisinopril dihydrate|anhydrous lisinopril 1588 cholestyramine lisuride hydrogen maleate|lisuride maleate|lisuride|lisurid|lysuride|mesorgydine|methylergol carbamide|methylergol carbamide maleate 1589 disulfiram A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. mannosyldeoxyparomomycin|lividomycin|Lividomycin A|Quintomycin B 159 xylose aminaftone|aminaphthone 1590 fenclofenac 1591 enilconazole lobenzarit 1592 nelarabine prodrug of ara-G lofepramine|lopramine|lofepramine hydrochloride|lopramine hydrochloride|WHR-2908A|lofepramine HCl|lopramine HCl 1593 tritiozine lofexidine hydrochloride|lofexidine|(+/-)-Lofexidine|lofexidine HCl|lofexadine 1594 ibuprofen piconol pyridyl ester of ibuprofen; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation lomeflon|lomefloxacin hydrochloride|lomefloxacin|lomefloxacin HCl 1595 glybuzole lomerizine dihydrochloride|lomerizine|lomerizine hydrochloride|lomerizine HCl 1596 imipramine oxide lomustine|belustine|chloroethylcyclohexylnitrosourea|lomustin 1597 tolindate lonazolac|lonazolac calcium 1598 duloxetine A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA. doridamina|lonidamine|diclondazolic acid 1599 dimantine loperamide|loperamide hydrochloride|imodium|loperamide HCl 16 dimethyl sulfoxide A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation. 160 cresatin aminacrine hydrochloride|aminoacridine|9-Acridinamine monohydrochloride|9-Aminoacridine monohydrochloride|NSC-7571|aminacrine|9-Aminoacridine|aminacrin|izoacridina|monacrin|aminacrine HCl 1600 hydrochlorothiazide A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. loperamide oxide monohydrate|loperamide oxide|arestal 1601 amlexanox The mechanism of action by which amlexanox accelerates healing of aphthous ulcers is unknown. In vitro studies have demonstrated amlexanox to be a potent inhibitor of the formation and/or release of inflammatory mediators (histamine and leukotrienes) from mast cells, neutrophils and mononuclear cells. lopinavir|aluviran|koletra 1602 metochalcone loprazolam mesylate|loprazolam|loprazolam mesilate 1603 piribedil A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist. loracarbef|lorabid|loribid|loracarbef hydrate 1604 nialamide An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. lorajmine hydrochloride|lorajmine|lorajmine HCl 1605 zaltoprofen loratadine|claritin|loracert|loradex|loratidine|loratyne 1606 artemether An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA. ativan|Wy 4036|Wy-4036|lorazepam 1607 phenacaine lorcainide hydrochloride|lorcainide|lorcamide|lorcainide HCl 1608 carazolol lormetazepam|methyllorazepam|N-Methyllorazepam 1609 minaprine Agr 1240 refers to di-HCl; short-acting type A MAO inhibitor (MAOI) of mild potency; structure lornoxicam|chlortenoxicam|lorcam|xefocam 161 paroxypropione amineptine|survector|amineptine hydrochloride|amineptine HCl|amineptin|amineptin sodium 1610 piprozolin 10 articles in Arzneim Forsch 27(2b):467;1977; structure losartan|allisartan|lortaan|losartan potassium|losartan monopotassium|losartan monopotassium salt 1611 methestrol loteprednol etabonate|lenoxin|lotemax 1612 norethynodrel A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL. lovastatin|lostatin|mevacor 1613 norethisterone A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION. loxapine|loxapin|oxilapine|loxapine succinate|cloxazepine|loxitane|adasuve|loxapine hydrochloride|loxapine HCl|loxipine maleate 1614 benzestrol loxiglumide 1615 alimemazine A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic. loxoprofen sodium hydrate|loxonin|loxoprofen|loxoprofen sodium|sodium loxoprofen 1616 diethazine phenothiazine derivative anti-Parkinson agent with anticholinergic and antihistaminic actions; is effective against Parkinson tremor; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENOTHIAZINES (75-86); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation lucanthone|lucanthone hydrochloride|lucanthone HCl 1617 ricinoleic acid lumefantrine|benflumelol|benflumetol 1618 rosaprostol joicela|lumiracoxib|prexige 1619 imipenem Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor. lymecycline|mucomycin|ciclolysine|Tetracycline-L-methylenelysine|tetracyclinemethylenelysine 162 pheniprazine aminitrozole|acetyl enheptin|acinitrazol|acinitrazole|ametoterina|aminitrozol|cyzine premix|lavoflagin|nitazol|nitazole|nithiamide|pleocide|trichlorad|trichocid|trichoman|trichoral|tritheon 1620 metopon lynestrenol|ethynylestrenol|linestrenol|orgametril|orgametrol 1621 hydrocodone Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant. lysergide|D-Lysergic acid diethylamide|delysid|dextrolysergic acid diethylamide|LSD|lysergic acid diethylamide|d-LSD 1622 codeine An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough. L-Lysine|lysine|L-(+)-Lysine|lysine hydrochloride|lysine HCl 1623 buphenine A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor. broncholin|mabuterol|ambuterol|mabuterol hydrochloride|mabuterol HCl 1624 thiazinam mafenide|4-(Aminosulfonyl)benzylamine|4-Homosulfanilamide|4-Sulfamoylbenzylamine|ambamide|benzamsulfonamide|homosulfanilamide|malfamin|maphenid|maphenide|p-Sulfamoylbenzylamine|mafenide acetate|m,afenide hydrochloride|m,afenide HCl 1625 palmidrol a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection; structure 1626 traxanox malathion|carbetovur|carbetox|carbofos|carbophos|cimexan|ethiolacar|malathine|malathyne|sadofos 1627 chlordiazepoxide An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal. kantec|malotilate 1628 metoclopramide A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic. maltose|D-Maltose|maltobiose 1629 tazobactam A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria. mandelic acid|2-Phenylglycolic acid|amygdalic acid|paramandelic acid|phenylglycolic acid|phenylhydroxyacetic acid 1630 carbazochrome a hemostatic which increases capillary resistance & activates platelet factors, Note: Adona is a multimeaning tradename 1631 azapropazone An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout. manidipine dihydrochloride|manidipine|(+/-)-Manidipine|franidipine|manidipine hydrochloride|manidipine HCl 1632 testolactone An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer. 1633 alitretinoin A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. mannomustine|mannitol mustard|mannomustin 1634 norvinisterone maprotiline|maprotiline hydrochloride|maprotiline HCl 1635 norgesterone MD6P741W8A|UK-427857|maravirok|marawirok|maraviroc|celsentri|selzentry 1636 tretinoin An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE). 1637 metandienone A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) nordihydroguaiaretic acid|masoprocol|actinex|mesonordihydroguaiaretic acid 1638 isotretinoin A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects. 22-oxacalcitriol|maxacalcitol|oxarol 1639 etynodiol A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). mazaticol|mazaticol hydrochloride|mazaticol HCl|mazaticol hydrochloride monohydrate|pentona|mazaticol hydrochloride hydrate 164 paracetamol Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage. aminoglutetimide|cytadren|aminoglutethimide|DL-Aminoglutethimide|orimeten 1640 allylestrenol A synthetic steroid with progestational activity. mazindol|mazanor|mazildene 1641 temazepam A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent. mebendazole|vermox 1642 clobazam A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY. mebeverine|mebeverine hydrochloride|CSAG 144|mebeverine HCl 1643 etifoxine fabahistin|mebhydrolin napadisilate|diazolinum|mebhydroline|mebhydrolin|mebhydrolin napadisylate 1644 clomacran mebutamate|butatensin|dicamoylmethane|mebutamat|mebutina 1645 chlorcyclizine mebutizide|mebuthiazide|mebutizid 1646 bromindione mecamylamine|mecamine|revertina|mecamylamine hydrochloride|mecamylamine HCl 1647 isobromindione mustine|mechlorethamine|mustargen|nitrogen mustard|chlormethine|mechlorethamine hydrochloride|mechlorethamine HCl 1648 oxymorphone An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) mecillinam|amdinocillin|hexacillin|hexapen 1649 isoxsuprine A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor. meclizine|meclizine hydrochloride|meclozine|meclozine dihydrochloride|meclizine HCl 165 aminomethylbenzoic acid aminohippurate|aminohippuric acid|4-Aminohippuric acid|p-Aminohippuric acid|aminohippurate sodium 1650 dobutamine A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY. meclofenamic acid|meclophenamic acid|meclofenamate sodium|meclofenamate 1651 dihydrocodeine meclofenoxate|meclofenoxane|meclophenoxate|meclofenoxate hydrochloride|meclofenoxate HCl 1652 levdobutamine Levdobutamine, an investigational drug, is a beta-adrenoceptor agonist selective for the beta1-subtype. It is the cardiotonic agent. mecloxamine citrate|mecloxamine 1653 tegaserod a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source mecysteine hydrochloride|methyl cysteine|mecysteine|cysteine methyl ester|methyl cysteinate 1654 trihexyphenidyl One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic. medazepam|mezapam|medazepam hydrochloride|medazepam HCl 1655 bisulepine medetomidine hydrochloride|medetomidine|(+/-)-Medetomidine|dl-Medetomidine|medetomidine HCl 1656 benoxaprofen medifoxamine 1657 eritrityl tetranitrate A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020) medrogestone|medrogesterone|metrogestone 1658 quercetin A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin. medroxalol monohydrochloride|medroxalol|medroxalol hydrochloride|medroxalol HCl 1659 olsalazine cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond medroxyprogesterone|medroxyprogesterone acetate|medoxyprogesterone|medroxyprogesteron|depomedroxyprogesterone acetate|medroprogesterone acetate|hysron 166 phenicarbazide ameluz|aminolevulinic acid|5-amino-4-oxopentanoic acid|aladerm|alasens|5-aminolevulinic acid|5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride|Gliolan|aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride|5-aminolevulinic acid HCl|aminolevulinic acid HCl 1660 hesperetin aglycone of HESPERIDIN; structure 1661 terizidone minor descriptor (1975-1984); on-line & Index Medicus search OXAZOLES (1975-1984); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation medrylamine|histaphene|histaphen|postafen 1662 florantyrone medrysone|hydroxymesterone|medrifar|medrocort 1663 masoprocol A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils. mefenamic acid|mefenacid|mephenamic acid|mefenamate 1664 aminopropylone chloropropylamphetamine|mefenorex|rondimen|mefenorex hydrochloride|mefenorex HCl 1665 formestane mephloquine|mephloquine HCl|mephloquine hydrochloride|mefloquine|(+/-)-Mefloquine|lariam|mefloquin|mephaquin|mefloquine hydrochloride|mefloquine HCl 1666 epimestrol A synthetic steroid with estrogenic activity. mefruside|mefrusid 1667 emedastine megestrol acetate|magestin|megestryl acetate|niagestin 1668 neticonazole 1669 oxendolone meglumine antimonate|glucantime|meglumine antimoniate|methylglucamine antimonate 167 cathine major metabolite of diethylpropion in man under acidic urine conditions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation hexaminolevulinate|5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester|aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester|Hexyl 5-amino-4-oxopentanoate|Hexyl 5-aminolevulinate|hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride 1670 methyltestosterone A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL). meglutol|dicrotalic acid|lipoglutaren|medroglutaric acid|mevalon|CB-337 1671 eicosapentaenoic acid Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families. 1672 norethandrolone A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity. melatonin|melatol|melatonine|circadin 1673 methenolone A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action. L-dopa methyl ester|melevodopa|levodopa methyl ester|levomet 1674 tricyclamol chloride melinamide|DL-alpha-Methylbenzyl linoleamide 1675 fludiazepam melitracen hydrochloride|dixeran|melitracen|melitracene|melitracen HCl 1676 broxyquinoline reumoxicam|miloxicam|meloxicam|metacam|meloxicam sodium|meloxicam sodium hydrate 1677 ethacrynic acid A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic. melperone|flubuperone|methylperone 1678 narcobarbital melphalan hydrochloride|melphalan|alkeran|levofalan|levofolan|levopholan|melfalan|phenylalanine mustard|sarcoclorin|melphalan HCl 1679 Iofetamine (123I) memantine|alzantin|memantina|memantine hydrochloride|ebixa|namenda|maruxa|memantine HCl|nemdatine 168 phenylpropanolamine A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant. aminolevulinic acid methyl ester|5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid methyl ester|methyl aminolevulinate|methyl aminolevulinate hydrochloride|methyl aminolevulinate HCl 1681 flumazenil A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses. 1682 pipemidic acid Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. 1683 scopolamine An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Its many uses include an anesthetic premedication, the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and MOTION SICKNESS, an antispasmodic, and a mydriatic and cycloplegic. menadione|menaquinone|menadion|menaphthon|menaphthone|2-Methyl-1,4-naphthalenedione 1684 fenoterol A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic. menadione sodium bisulfite|vikasolum|menadione sodium hydrogen sulfite|menaphthone sodium bisulfite|menaphthone sodium bisulphite|sodium menadione bisulfite|Vitamin K3 sodium bisulfite 1685 cocaine An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. menatetrenone|Menaquinone 4|Vitamin MK 4|vitamin k2 1686 vildagliptin A pyrrolidine-carbonitrile derivative and potent inhibitor of DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE 4 that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. menichlopholan|menichlofolan|niclofolan|bilevon 1688 piroheptine mepazine|mepazin|mepazine base|meprazine|mesapin|nothiazine|pecazine|mepazine acetate 1689 clofarabine Clofarabine is sequentially metabolized intracellularly to the 5’-monophosphate metabolite by deoxycytidine kinase and mono- and di-phospho-kinases to the active 5’-triphosphate metabolite. Clofarabine has affinity for the activating phosphorylating enzyme, deoxycytidine kinase, equal to or greater than that of the natural substrate, deoxycytidine. Clofarabine inhibits DNA synthesis by decreasing cellular deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools through an inhibitory action on ribonucleotide reductase, and by terminating DNA chain elongation and inhibiting repair through incorporation into the DNA chain by competitive inhibition of DNA polymerases. The affinity of clofarabine triphosphate for these enzymes is similar to or greater than that of deoxyadenosine triphosphate. In preclinical models, clofarabine has demonstrated the ability to inhibit DNA repair by incorporation into the DNA chain during the repair process. Clofarabine 5’-triphosphate also disrupts the integrity of mitochondrial membrane, leading to the release of the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor, leading to programmed cell death. Clofarabine is cytotoxic to rapidly proliferating and quiescent cancer cell types in vitro. mepenzolate|mepenzolon|mepenzolate bromide 169 hydroxyamfetamine Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine. aminometradine|mincard|mictine|mictin|metravigor|katapyrin|catapyrin|aminometramide|allacyl|allacil 1690 phenoxybenzamine An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. meperidine|pethidine|isonipecaine|meperidol|pethanol|pethidin|meperidine hydrochloride|pethidine hydrochloride|meperidine HCl|pethidine HCl 1691 chlorphenoxamine minor descriptor (66-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ETHYLAMINES (66-84); RN given refers to parent cpd mephenesin|cresoxydiol|cresoxypropanediol|dioloxol|memphenesin|mephedan|mephenesine|mephesin|o-Cresyl glycerol ether 1692 chlorambucil A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed) mephenesin carbamate|tolseram 1693 spaglumic acid mephenoxalone|dorsiflex|lenetranat|methoxadone|methoxydon|methoxydone|metoxadon|metoxadone|moderamin|trepidone 1695 flupirtine mephenytoin|DL-Mephenytoin|epiazin|fenantoin|mesantoin|mesdontoin|mesontoin|methoin|methylphenetoin|phenantoin|phenylethylmethylhydantoin 1696 xyloylsulfamine mephobarbital|mephobarbitone|methylphenobarbital|methylphenobarbitone|metylfenemal 1697 tilisolol betagon|mepindolol sulphate|mepindolol sulfate|mepindolol|(+/-)-Mepindolol 1698 quinupramine mepiperphenidol|mepiperphenidol bromide|mepiperphenidyl|piperphenamine 1699 mesterolone 17 beta-Hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one. A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic activities. S-10364|thioderon|mepitiostane 17 fomepizole A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL. 170 gepefrine isomer of PARA-HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE which is also called alpha-methyl-tyramine dimevamide|aminopentamide sulfate|aminopentamide|centrine|valeramide|aminopentamide hydrogen sulfate 1700 mestanolone non-virilizing androgenic steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure mepivacaine|(+/-)-Mepivacaine|carbocain|carbocaine|DL-Mepivacaine|mepicaine|tevacaine|mepivacaine hydrochloride|mepivacaine HCl|scandonest 1701 methandriol A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) mepixanox|mepixanthone|pimexone 1703 cetylpyridinium Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges. 1704 clobuzarit meprobamate|meprobam|meprobamat|meproban|meprocompren 1705 chlorfenethazine meproscillarin|methyl proscillaridin|Methyl proscillaridin A|Proscillaridin 4-methyl ether 1707 dichlorphenamide A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma. mequitazine|metaplexan|nipolazin 1708 delorazepam mercaptopurine monohydrate|6-mercaptopurine monohydrate|6-mercaptopurine|xaluprine|mercaptopurine|mercapurin|purimethol|purinethiol|purinethol|thiohypoxanthine|mercaptopurine hydrate 1709 mannomustine Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant. meropenem hydrate|meropenem|merrem|meropenem trihydrate 171 amantadine An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake. aminophenazone|aminopyrine|amidazophen|amidazophene|amidofebrin|amidofen|amidophen|amidophenazone|amidopyrazoline|amidopyrin|amidopyrine|aminophenazon|aminopyrin|anafebrina|dimethylaminoazophene|dimethylaminophenyldimethylpyrazone|pyramidon|pyramidone 1710 melphalan An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen. 5-ASA|mesalamine|2-Hydroxy-5-aminobenzoic acid|3-Carboxy-4-hydroxyaniline|5-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid|5-Aminosalicylic acid|claversal|mesacol|mesalazine|mesalsal|mesasal|m-Aminosalicylic acid|mesalamine hydrochloride|mesalamine HCl 1711 entacapone Entacapone is a selective and reversible inhibitor of COMT. COMT catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the phenolic group of substrates that contain a catechol structure. Physiological substrates of COMT include dopa, catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) and their hydroxylated metabolites. The function of COMT is the elimination of biologically active catechols and some other hydroxylated metabolites. When entacapone is given in conjunction with levodopa and an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, such as carbidopa, plasma levels of levodopa are greater and more sustained than after administration of levodopa and an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor alone. It is believed that at a given frequency of levodopa administration, these more sustained plasma levels of levodopa result in more constant dopaminergic stimulation in the brain, leading to greater effects on the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease. mesna|mercaptoethanesulfonic acid|reduced coenzyme M 1713 zaleplon an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam 1715 cetraxate broad spectrum peptide hydrolase inhibitor; RN given refers to (trans)-isomer; structure 1716 bucumolol metaclazepam|brometazepam|metuclazepam|metaclazepam hydrochloride|metaclazepam HCl|Ka-2527|Ka 2527 1717 atropine oxyde metahexamide|glyhexylamide|glyhexylamine isodiane|melanex|methahexamide|methexamide 1718 capsaicin An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS. metampicillin|methylenampicillin|fedacilina|pravacilin 1719 clioquinol A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide. metapramine|metapramine fumarate|timaxel|19560-RP|19560 RP 172 methylparaben used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd aminopicoline hydrochloride|2-amino-4-picoline|aminopicoline|2-amino-4-methylpyridine|aminton|ascensil 1720 nicofibrate metaproterenol|metaproterenol sulfate|orciprenaline|orciprenaline sulfate 1721 fenoldopam A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation. metaraminol bitartrate|(-)-Metaraminol|(-)-erythro-Metaraminol|(-)-m-Hydroxynorephedrine|metaradrine|l-Metaraminol|m-Hydroxynorephedrine|metaraminol 1722 sertraline A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression. metaxalone|metaxalon|metazalone|metazolone|skelaxin|zorane|AHR 438 1723 fluconazole Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS. metergoline|liserdol|metergolin|methergoline|FI-6337 1724 acediasulfone antibacterial drug for treatment of ear infections metesculetol sodium|metesculetol 1725 formylsulfamethin metformin|metformin hydrochloride|glucophage|LA-6023|LA 6023|N,N-dimethylguanylguanidine|metformin HCl 1726 phenolphthalol methacholine chloride|methacholine|acetylmethylcholine|mecholin|mecholine|methacholin|beta-methylacetylcholine 1727 propentofylline rondomycin|methacycline hydrochloride|methacycline|metacycline|methacycline HCl 1728 roxatidine acetate a histamine H2 receptor antagonist drug used to treat gastric ulcers metadone|methadone|methadone hydrochloride|methadone HCl 1729 oxandrolone A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. methadyl|acemethadone|acetmethadon|acetylmethadol|acetylmethadone|methadyl acetate 173 mandelic acid aminopromazine|proquamezine|aminopromazin|iminopromazine|aminopropazine|aminopropazine fumarate 1730 butacaine was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92 1731 valethamate methallenestril|methallenestrol|novestrine|vallestril 1732 prifinium methamphetamine|(S)-Methamphetamine|methylamphetamine|D-Methylamphetamine|methamphetamine hydrochloride|metamfetamine|methamphetamine HCl 1733 plaunotol methandriol|androdiol|diolandrone|mestenediol|metandiol|metandriol|methanabol|methandrolan|methylandrostenediol|neosteron 1734 epitiostanol used in therapy of advanced breast cancer; structure methandrostenolone|dehydromethyltestosterone|metanabol|metandienon|metandienone|metandienonum|metandrostenolon|metandrostenolone|methandienone|methandrolone|methylboldenone 1735 broxuridine A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. methaniazide|methanizide|neotizide|isoniazide methanesulfonate|methaniazide sodium|isoniazid mesylate|isoniazid mesilate 1736 nitazoxanide a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug; structure given in first source. It was investigated as a potential treatment for COVID-19 based on its broad antiviral activity, including in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV; however, there are no data to support the use of nitazoxanide in the treatment of COVID-19. methanthelinium bromide|banthine|methantheline|methanthelin|methanthelinium|methantheline bromide 1737 glutathione A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. methaphenilene|methaphenilen|methaphenilene hydrochloride|methaphenilene HCl|methafenilene 1738 carbocysteine-lysine methapyrilene|metapyrilene|paradormalene|pyrinistab|pyrinistol|thenylene|thenylpyramine|methapyrilene hydrochloride|methapyrilene HCl 1739 sulfasymazine quaalude|methaqualone|cateudyl|melsomin|metaqualon|methaqualon|methaqualoneinone|metolquizolone|tuazolone|tuazole 174 hydroxymethylnicotinamide aminoquinuride|aminochinuride|aminokinuride|aminoquincarbamide|surfen 1740 ibopamine metharbital|metabarbital|methabarbitone|metharbitone|methylbarbital|N-Methylbarbital 1741 buflomedil N-Methylacetazolamide|metazolamide|methazolamide|neptazane|neptazaneat|methenamide 1742 moxaverine methdilazine|methdilazine hydrochloride|methdilazine HCl 1743 talastine methenolone|metenolone|methenolon 1744 zolpidem An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA. meticillin sodium|staphcillin|meticillin|metacillin|methicillin|methycillin|methicillin sodium 1745 tolnaftate A synthetic antifungal agent. methimazole|methylimidazolethiol|thyrozol|thymidazole|thymidazol|thycapzol|thiamazole|tapazole|methymazol 1746 fabomotizole methisazone|isathizone|metisazon|metisazone|metisazonum 1747 amprotropine methocarbamol|glycerylguaiacolate carbamate|guaiacol glyceryl ether carbamate|guaiphenesin carbamate|guaiamar carbamate 1748 butamirate methohexital|enallynymall|methodrexitone|methohexitone|methohexital sodium|metoesital|brevital sodium 1749 betaxolol A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity. methopholine|metofoline|metopholine|versidyne 175 tisopurine 4-thio analog of allopurinol; structure McN-742|aminorex|aminoxafen|aminoxaphen|apiquel 1750 benzatropine A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine. methoserpidine|10-Methoxydeserpidine|decaserpin|decaserpine|decaserpyl|decoserpyl 1752 mitobronitol Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent. methotrimeprazine|hirnamin|levomeprazine|levomepromazin|levopromazine|levoprome|levopromethazine|levotomin|mepromazine|levomepromazine|levomepromazine maleate|methotrimeprazine hydrochloride|nozinan 1753 mitolactol Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs. methoxamine|methoxamin|methoxamine hydrochloride|methoxamine HCl 1754 pirenoxine developed for the therapy of human cataract; a structural analog of xanthomatine, a natural substance found in the eyes of some insects methoxyflurane|methoflurane|methoxane|methoxyfluran|metofane|metoxfluran|metoxifluran|penthrane 1755 sulisobenzone methoxyphenamine|methoxiphenadrin|2-Methoxymethamphetamine|methoxyphenadrine|methoxyphenamin|orthoxine|ortodrinex|ortoxine|methoxyphenamine hydrochloride|methoxyphenamine HCl 1757 nimesulide methscopolamine|methylscopolamine|N-Methylhyoscine|N-Methylscopolamine|methscopolamine bromide|methscopolamine nitrate|methylscopolamine bromide 1758 warfarin An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide. mesuximid|methsuximide|celontin|mesuximide|mesuximidum|methsuximid|racemic methsuximide|(+/-)-Mesuximide 176 mercaptopurine An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia. amiodarone|amidorone|sedacoron|amiodarone hydrochloride|amiodarone HCl 1760 roquinimex mucothiol|dacisteine 1761 nifenazone methyldigoxin|metildigoxin|4'-Methyldigoxin|lanirapid|lanitop|medigoxin|beta-Methyldigoxin 1762 ubenimex growth inhibitor; RN given refers to ((L-Leu)-(S-(R*,S*)))-isomer; structure methyldopa (levorotatory)|methyldopa|aldochlor|aldomine|alphamethyldopa|lederdopa|(-)-alpha-Methyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine 1763 phenylbutazone A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS. methylthioninium benzalkonium chloride hydrate|methylthioninium chloride hydrate|methylenum coeruleum|methylthioninium chloratum|methylene blue|methylthioninium chloride|aizen methylene blue|proveblue 1764 gestrinone A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices. methylergometrine maleate|methylergonovine|methergine|methergen|methylergobasin|methylergobasine|methylergobrevin|partergin|methylergonovine maleate|methylergometrine|methylergometrin 1765 metabutoxycaine local anesthetic in operative dentistry naltrexone|cyclopropylmethylnoroxymorphone|naltrel|naltrexone hydrochloride|naltrexone hydrochloride dihydrate|naltrexone HCl 1766 oxybuprocaine methyl parahydroxybenzoate|methylparaben|maseptol|p-carbomethoxyphenol|p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester|p-methoxycarbonylphenol 1767 indecainide methylphenidate|calocain|methylphenidan|phenidylate|methylphenidate hydrochloride|concerta|methylphenidate HCl 1768 pinazepam methylprednisolone|medralone|metilbetasone 177 homocamfin amiphenazole|amifenazol|amifenazole|amiphenazol|amphisol|daftazol|daptazile|daptazole|fenamizol|phenamizol|phenamizole 1770 alprazolam A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238) methylprednisolone acetate|depo-methylprednisolone|medrol acetate 1771 aminaphthone methylprednisolone succinate|methylprednisolone hemisuccinate|methylprednisolone sodium succinate 1772 fluoxetine The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants. methylprednisolone suleptanate|methylprednisolone suleptanate sodium salt|methylprednisolone suleptanate sodium 1774 glymidine was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONAMIDES 1975-90); GLIDIAZINE & GLYCODIAZINE were see GLYMIDINE 1975-92; use SULFONAMIDES to search GLYMIDINE 1975-92; a sulfonamide hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion methyprylon|dimerin|methyprylone|noctan|noludar|metiprilone 1775 sulfaguanole deseril|methysergide|methysergid|methysergide maleate 1776 diacetazotol metiazinic acid|metazionic acid|methiazic acid|methiazinic acid|metiazic acid 1777 nadolol A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor. meticrane|meticran|arresten 1778 metipranolol A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent. metipamid|hypotylin|metipamide 1779 dioxadrol See also records for d- and l-forms which are referred to as dexoxadrol and levoxadrol, respectfully metipranolol hydrochloride|metipranolol|DL-Metipranolol|methypranol|trimepranol|metipranolol HCl 178 camphor A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent. 1780 amolanone methixene hydrochloride monohydrate|metixene|methixene|metixen|tremaril|tremonil|metixene hydrochloride|methixene hydrochloride|metixene HCl|methixene HCl 1781 benzydamine A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat. metocalcone|metochalcone|metochalcon 1782 ketotifen A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis. metoclopramide|metoclopramide hydrochloride|metochlopramide|methochlopramide|metoclopramide hydrochloride hydrate|metoclopramide monohydrochloride|metoclopramide HCl|AHR-3070-C|metaclopramide 1783 methadone A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3) SR72022|zaroxolyn|metolazone|metozalone 1784 isomethadone metopimazine hydrochloride|metopimazine HCl|metopimazine|vogalene 1786 diphenidol shows anti-arrhythmic activity; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd metoprolol fumarate|metoprolol|metoprolol succinate|beatrolol|metoprolol tartrate 1787 metixene metrifonate|chlorofos|chloroftalm|chlorophos|chloroxyphos|methyl chlorophos|metriphonate|trichlorfon|trichlorphon 1788 dicycloverine A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms. metrizamide|amipaque|telebrix 1789 chloralose A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments. metrizoic acid|metrizoate|calcium metrizoate|meglumine metrizoate|metrizoate magnesium|metrizoate sodium 179 aminosalicylic acid An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid. barhemsys|amisulpride|aminosultopride|deniban|solian 1790 picrotin the less toxic component of picrotoxin lacking GABA activity metronidazole|anagiardil|metronidazol|metropol|metrotab|mexibol|nidazole|trichazol|trichobrol|metronidazole hydrochloride|metronidazole phosphate|metronidazole benzoate|metronidazole HCl|rozex 1791 sulfadoxine A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections. metyrapone|mepyrapone|methapyrapone|methbipyranone|methopirapone|methopyrapone|methopyrinine|methopyrone|metopiron|metopirone|metopyrone|metroprione|metyrapon 1792 sulfadimethoxine A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent. metirosine|metyrosine|demser|L-Metyrosine 1793 trepibutone methylcloxazolam|mexazolam|melex 1794 cetamolol mexiletine|dl-mexiletine|(+/-)-Mexiletine|(RS)-Mexiletine|mexiletine hydrochloride|mexiletin hydrochloride|mexiletine HCl|mexiletin HCl 1795 bifonazole mezlocillin|mezlocillin sodium monohydrate|mezlocillin sodium 1797 mestranol The 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. mibefradil|mibefradil dihydrochloride|posicor|Ro 40-5967 1798 gestodene synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer mycamine|micafungin|micafungin sodium|FK-463|FK463 1799 pecazine major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd cyclandelate nicotinate|micinicate|nicotinoyl cyclandelate 18 piperazine has anthelmintic action 180 mesalazine An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) amitriptyline|amitriprolidine|amitriptylin|damitriptyline|amitriptyline hydrochloride|amitryptiline|amitryptiline hydrochloride|amitriptyline HCl|amitryptiline HCl 1800 desogestrel A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED). miconazole|miconazole nitrate 1801 mabuterol micronomicin sulfate|micronomicin|Gentamicin C2b|sagamicin|santemycin 1802 croconazole buccolam|midazolam|mezolam|midazolam hydrochloride|midazolam HCl 1803 alloclamide midodrine monohydrochloride|midodrin|midodrine|(+/-)-Midodrine|midodrine hydrochloride|midodrine HCl 1804 desloratadine major metabolite of loratadine 1806 nalorphine A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete. miglitol|diastabol|seibule|glyset 1807 butofilolol miglustat|N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin|N-Butylmoranoline|zavesca 1808 tolazamide A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. milnacipran|midalcipran|(+/-)-Milnacipran|milnacipran hydrochloride|milnacipran HCl 1809 metahexamide major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure primacor|milrinone|corotrop|corotrope|milrinone lactate 181 octopamine An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates. amitriptylinoxide|amitriptyline N-oxide|amitriptyline oxide 1810 fomocaine a basic ether with local anesthetic action & relative low toxicity & systemic effects; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENYL ETHERS (77-86); RN given refers to parent cpd impavido|miltefosine|hexadecylphosphocholine|hexadecylphosphorylcholine|miltefos 1811 femoxetine serotonin uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer mimosine|L-Mimosine|leucaenine|leucaenol|leucenine|leucenol|mimosin 1812 dienogest minaprine|mineprine|minaprine hydrochloride|minaprine dihydrochloride|minaprine HCl|Agr 1240|30038CM 1813 adiphenine minocycline|minocycline hydrochloride|minocycline HCl 1814 ambutonium minoxidil|loniten|rogaine 1815 dimepheptanol miokamycin|acecamycin|midecamycin acetate|miocamycin|ponsinomycin 1816 biperiden A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine. mirtazapine|mepirzapin|mepirzepine|mirtabene|mirtazepine|mirtazipine 1817 lodoxamide misoprostol|cytotec|isprelor|misoprost|misoprostil 1818 pyrrobutamine mitiglinide|mitiglinide calcium|mitiglinide calcium hydrate|S 21403|KAD-1229 1819 propamidine mitomycin|mutamycin|Mitomycin C 182 enbucrilate A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental. aphthasol|amlexanox|amoxanox|aphtheal|amlenanox 1820 artemotil mitotane|chloditan|chlodithane|lysodren|mitotan|opeprim 1821 ibuprofen guaiacol ester mitoxantrone|mitoxantrone hydrochloride|dihydroxyanthraquinone|mitoxanthrone|mitozantrone|nimitoxantron|mitoxantrone dihydrochloride|mitoxantrone HCl 1823 oseltamivir Oseltamivir phosphate is an ethyl ester prodrug requiring ester hydrolysis for conversion to the active form, oseltamivir carboxylate. Oseltamivir carboxylate is an inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase affecting release of viral particles. The median IC50 values of oseltamivir against influenza A/H1N1, influenza A/H3N2, and influenza B clinical isolates were 2.5 nM (range 0.93-4.16 nM, N=74), 0.96 nM (range 0.13 - 7.95 nM, N=774), and 60 nM (20-285 nM, N=256), respectively, in a neuraminidase assay with a fluorescently labeled MUNANA substrate. Although oseltamivir was suggested as a potential treatment and included in various antiviral regimens used during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the drug does not appear to have in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and there are no data to support the use of oseltamivir or other neuraminidase inhibitors in the treatment of COVID-19. mivotilate 1824 praziquantel An anthelmintic used in most schistosome and many cestode infestations. SL-85.0324|SL 85.0324|mizolastine|mistamine|mizollen|zolistan 1825 granisetron A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients. moclobamide|moclobemide|auromid|aurorix|moclaime 1826 glybuthiazol modafinil|(+/-)-Modafinil|modaphonil|modiodal 1827 olanzapine The mechanism of action of olanzapine, as with other drugs having efficacy in schizophrenia, is unknown. However, it has been proposed that this drug’s efficacy in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of dopamine and serotonin type 2 (5HT2) antagonism. The mechanism of action of olanzapine in the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder is unknown. moexipril|moexipril hydrochloride|moclobenid|moexipril HCl 1829 tibolone used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis N-22|mofezolac 183 norfenefrine amlodipine|amlopres|racemic amlodipine|amlodipine besylate|amlodipine besilate|amlodipine maleate|amlodipine mesylate|amlodipine mesilate 1830 levonorgestrel A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. molindone|(+/-)-Molindone|molindone hydrochloride|moban|molindone HCl|molindone monohydrochloride 1831 ethisterone 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects. molsidomine|molsidolat|morsydomine|motazomin|molsidomin 1832 dydrogesterone A synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit OVULATION. mometasone furoate hydrate|mometasone furoate|asmanex|ecural|elomet|nasonex|mometasone furoate monohydrate 1833 demegestone a norprogesterone derivative that acts like PROGESTERONE in increasing SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; structure 1834 profenamine monobenzone|benoquin|benzoquin|hydroquinone benzyl ether|hydroquinone monobenzyl ether|leucodinine|monobenzon|monobenzyl ether hydroquinone|monobenzyl hydroquinone 1835 lonazolac monoxerutin 1836 flunitrazepam A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug. montelukast|montelukast sodium|singulair 1837 flubendazole the p-fluoro analog of mebendazole moperone hydrochloride|moperone|luvatren|luvatrena|meperon|methylperidol|moperone HCl 1838 benorilate mopidamol|rapenton|RA-233 1839 ethylmorphine A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function. moprolol|(+/-)-Moprolol|dl-Moprolol 184 dopamine One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. amobarbital sodium|amobarbital|amobarbitone|amylbarbitone|amylobarbital|amylobarbitone|barbamyl acid|ethylisopentylbarbituric acid|isoamylethylbarbituric acid|isopentobarbital 1840 xenysalate morazone hydrochloride|morazone HCl|morazone monohydrochloride|morazone|novartrina|orsimon|tarugan 1841 reboxetine A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. morclofone|dimeclophenone|dimecolphenone|nitux 1842 oxyfedrine A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent. moricizine hydrochloride|moracizine|moricizine|ethmozine|moricizine HCl 1843 indisetron an anti-emetic agent, indisetron hydrochloride was developed in Japan morinamide|diazolina|morfgazinamide|morinamid|morphazin|morphazinamid|morphazinamide|nicoprazin|piazafolina|piazolin|piazoline 1844 fenalcomine moroxydine|virumin|vironil|moroxidine|moroxidine hydrochloride|moroxidine HCl 1845 chlorozotocin 2-chloroethyl analog of streptozotocin with superior activity against leukemia L1210 and reduced bone marrow toxicity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure morphine hydrochloride|morphine|morphin|morphina|morphine sulfate|morphine liposomal|morphine sulfate hydrate|morphine HCl 1846 amoxapine The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression. 1847 dantrolene Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants. Y-516|mosapramine HCl|mosapramine hydrochloride|cremin|mosapramine|clospipramine 1848 pimefylline gasmotin|AS 4370|mosapride citrate hydrate|mosapride|mosapride citrate|mosapride citrate dihydrate|AS-4370 1849 rofecoxib a sulfonylphenyl furanone; withdrawn out of concern for TOXICITY motretinide|tasmadem|tasmaderm|molrelinid 185 carbon tetrachloride A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed) amocarzine|phenthiourezine 1850 valdecoxib a COX-2 inhibitor 1851 sulfaphenazole A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent. latamoxef disodium|latamoxef|moxalactam|lamoxactam|moxam|latamoxef sodium|moxalactam disodium|moxalactam disodium salt 1852 ranitidine A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. alfadryl|moxastine|mephenhydramine|moxastin|theoclan moxastin|mephenhydramine theoclate|mephenhydrinate|moxastine theoclate 1853 methopromazine moxaverine|eupaverin 1854 dronabinol A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. avelox|moxifloxacin|moxifloxacin hydrochloride|avolex|moxeza|moxifloxacine|moxifloxacin HCl 1856 progesterone The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS. moxonidine|normoxocin|moxonidin 1857 sulbentine mupirocin|mupricin|pseudomonic acid|turixin|mupirocin calcium|bactroban|BRL 4910A 1858 pergolide A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES. Bay G 2821|Bay-G-2821|muzolimine|edrul 1859 clorazepate A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions. linfonex|RS-61443|myclausen|mycophenolate mofetil|mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride|myfenax|mycophenolate mofetil HCl 1860 homochlorcyclizine mycophenolate|mycophenolic acid|mycophenolate sodium|mycophenolic acid monosodium salt|sodium mycophenolate 1861 clomipramine A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine. mydecamycin|aboren|Espinomycin A|Medecamycin A1|medemycin|Medemycin A1|midecamycin|Midecamycin A1|Platenomycin B1|rubimycin|turimycin 1862 loflucarban nabilone|cesamet|LY 109514|LY-109514 1864 oxycodone A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE. OPC 7251|OPC-7251|nadixa|jinofloxacin|nadifloxacin 1865 alizapride a dopamine antagonist with prokinetic and antiemetic effects used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including postoperative nausea and vomiting. Its effect is due to its antagonist activity at D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the central nervous system (CNS), this action prevents nausea and vomiting triggered by most stimuli. nadolol|corgard|anabet|solgol 1866 protizinic acid nadoxolol|nadoxolol hydrochloride|nadoxolol HCl 1868 mitiglinide a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source nafarelin|nafareline|nafarelin acetate|nafarelin acetate hydrate|nasanyl 1869 saxagliptin inhibits Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 naphthamidopenicillin|nafcilin|nallpen|naphcillin|nafcillin sodium|nafcillin|nafcillin sodium salt monohydrate|nafcillin sodium salt 187 gentisic acid amolanone|amethone|amolanon 1870 fendiline Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents. naftidrofurile|nafronyl oxalate|nafronyl|naftidrofuryl|naphtidrofuryl|naftidrofuryl oxalate|naftidrofuryl hydrogen oxalate 1871 pamaquine naftazone|naphthaquinone 2-semicarbazone|naftazon 1872 rotigotine Rotigotine is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist. The precise mechanism of action of rotigotine as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown, although it is thought to be related to its ability to stimulate dopamine receptors within the caudate-putamen in the brain. The precise mechanism of action of rotigotine as a treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome is unknown but is thought to be related to its ability to stimulate dopamine receptors. naftifine|naftifine hydrochloride|naftifungin|naftifine HCl|naftifin 1873 triclocarban bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure BM-15275|KT-611|naftopidil|avishot|flivas|naftopil|naftopidil hydrochloride|naftopidil dihydrochloride|naftopidil HCl 1874 efavirenz Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor of HIV-1. Efavirenz activity is mediated predominantly by noncompetitive inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. HIV-2 RT and human cellular DNA polymerases alpha, beta, gamma, and delta are not inhibited by efavirenz. nalbuphine|N-Cyclobutylmethyl-14-hydroxydihydronormorphine|nalbuphine hydrochloride|nalbuphine HCl 1875 fotemustine nalidixic acid|nalidic acid|nalidixinic acid|nalidixate|nalidixic acid sodium|nalidixic acid sodium salt 1876 clonazepam An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses. nalmefene|nalmefene hydrochloride dihydrate|selincro|nalmetrene|6-desoxy-6-methylenenaltrexone|nalmefene hydrochloride|nalmefene HCl|ORF-11676|nalmefene hydrochloride hydrate 1877 fentiazac nalorphine|allorphine|antorphine|lethidrone|N-Allylnormorphine|nalorphin|nalorphine hydrochloride|nalorphine HCl 1878 clobenzepam naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate|naloxone hydrochloride hydrate|naloxone hydrobromide|evzio|naloxone|l-naloxone|(-)-Naloxone|naloxone hydrochloride|naloxone HCl 1879 chlorprothixene A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. nandrolone|menidrabol|nandrolon|norandrostenolon|norandrostenolone|nortestonate|nortestosterone|oestrenolon|19-Nortestosterone 188 acipimox lipolysis inhibitor amorolfine|loceryl|amorolfine hydrochloride|amorolfine HCl 1880 pentaerithrityl tetranitrate A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025) sanabolicum|nandrolone cyclotate 1881 bromazepam One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS. durabolin|nandrolone decanoate|hybolin decanoate|norandrostenolone decanoate|nortestosterone decanoate 1882 febuxostat A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT. nandrolone phenpropionate|nandrolon phenylpropionate|nandrolone phenylpropionate|norandrolone phenylpropionate|norandrostenolone phenylpropionate|nortestosterone phenylpropionate 1883 tinoridine proposed anti-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS seach PYRIDINES (75-86) methoxypropiocin|naproxen|naprosyn|aproxen|naproxen sodium|aleve 1884 timolol A beta-adrenergic antagonist that is similar in action to PROPRANOLOL; the levo-isomer is more active. Timolol has been proposed as an anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-angina, and anti-glaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS and tremor. naratriptan|naratriptan hydrochloride|naratriptan HCl 1886 butalamine nateglinide|D-Nateglinide|glinate|glunate|natelide|senaglinide 1887 pregnenolone succinate A 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS. nebivolol|nebivolol hydrochloride|vasoxen|bystolic|nebivolol HCl 1888 calusterone was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92 1889 nilutamide Nilutamide ia a nonsteroidal, orally active antiandrogen. Nilutamide has demonstrated antiandrogenic activity without other hormonal (estrogen, progesterone, mineralocorticoid, and glucocorticoid) effects. In vitro, nilutamide blocks the effects of testosterone at the androgen receptor level. In vivo, nilutamide interacts with the androgen receptor and prevents the normal androgenic response. nedocromil|nedocromil sodium 189 guancidine minor descriptor (72-85); on-line & Index Medicus search GUANIDINES (72-85) amoscanate|nithiocyamine|p-(p-Nitroanilino)phenyl isothiocyanate 1890 zimeldine One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385) serzone|nefazodone|nefazodone hydrochloride|nefazodone HCl 1892 oxyphenisatine nelarabine|arranon|nelzarabine|atriance 1893 denopamine nelfinavir|viracept|nelfinavir mesylate|nelfinavir mesilate 1895 arbutamine nemonapride|emonapride 1897 tetrabenazine A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic and treatment of various movement disorders. Tetrabenazine blocks neurotransmitter uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system. neostigmine|eustigmin|eustigmine|prostigmin|prostigmine|vagostigmine|neostigmine methylsulfate|neostigmine bromide 1898 nateglinide A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES. butazopyridine 1899 butenafine studied on experimental dermatophytosis nepafenac|nevanac 190 allomethadione amosulalol hydrochloride|amosulalol|amosulalol HCl 1900 hexocyclium nepinalone hydrochloride|nepinalone HCl|nepinalone 1901 amorolfine nesiritide|Brain natriuretic peptide-32|Human brain natriuretic factor-32|Human brain natriuretic peptide-32|Natriuretic peptide type-B|nesiritide recombinant 1902 mecloxamine neticonazole|neticonazole hydrochloride|neticonazole HCl 1903 pazufloxacin netilmicin sulfate|netilmicin|netromycin 1904 phenolphthalein An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic. nevirapine hemihydrate|nevirapine|viramune|nevarapine 1905 fluvoxamine A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS. Because of its high affinity at the sigma-1 receptor, the drug was evaluated whether could prevent clinical deterioration in patients with COVID-19. At the moment, there are insufficient data to recommend either for or against use of fluvoxamine for the treatment of COVID-19. n-hydroxymethylnicotinamide|3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid hydroxymethylamide|bilamid|bilizorin|bilocid|biloide|biobilan|cholamid|cholamide|coloton|felosan|isochol|nicodin|nicodine|nicometamide|nikodin|nikomethamide|hydroxymethylnicotinamide 1907 methscopolamine A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. nialamide|nialamid|niamid|niamidal|niamide|niaquitil|niazin 1908 tocamphyl niaprazine trihydrochloride|niaprazine|nopron 191 histidine An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE. amoxapine|amoxan|moxadil|desmethylloxapine 1910 oxymesterone nicergoline|nicergolent|nicotergoline|cergodum|duracebrol 1911 bietamiverine pentaerythritoltetranicotinate|niceritrol tetrahydrochloride|niceritrol|nicotinic acid neopentanetetrayl ester|pentaerythritol tetranicotinate|perycit 1912 tiemonium clonitralide|niclocide|niclosamide|cestocide 1913 eltanolone A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties. nicoclonate|nicoclonol 1914 tridihexethyl synonym Pathilon refers to chloride; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure nicocodine|codeine nicotinate|lyopect|nicocodine hydrochloride|nicocodine HCl 1915 tiludronic acid a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source nicofibrate|clofenpyride 1916 clotiazepam nicofuranose|bradilan|L-Nicofuranosum|nicofurazone 1917 chlorpromazine The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup. nicomol|cholexamine|cholexamin 1918 ibandronic acid Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. nicomorphine|morphine dinicotinate 1919 dexbrompheniramine nicorandil|perisalol|sigmart 192 bemegride A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose. amoxicillin trihydrate|amoxicillin|amocilline|amoxcillin|amoxycillin|amoxicillin sodium|amoxicillin anhydrous|amoxicillin hydrate 1920 brompheniramine Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria. nicotine|L-Nicotine|(S)-Nicotine|(-)-Nicotine|nicotine bitartrate anhydrous|nicotine polacrilex 1921 norfloxacin A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE. nicotinyl alcohol|pyridin-3-ylmethanol|pyridylcarbinol|nicotinyl alcohol tartrate 1923 oxetorone treatment of migraine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure nifekalant 1924 epalrestat nifenazone dihydrochloride|nikofezon|nifenazone|nicophesone|niapyrin|nicazane|nicodone|nicofesone|nicophezon|nicotazone|nifenazon|phenicazone|niprazine 1926 cyclodrine metilmercadon|nifuratel|methylmercadone 1927 lanoconazole nifurfoline|nifurfolin 1928 chloroquine The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses. In March 2020, FDA issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-10. EUA was revoked in June 2020. Data from various published randomized, controlled clinical trials and retrospective, cohort studies have not substantiated initial reports of efficacy of 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials for treatment of COVID-19. nifuroxazide|dicoferin|nifuroxazid|pentofuryl 1929 mitotane A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression. BAY A2502|lampit|Bayer 2502|nifurtimox 1931 enoxacin A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID. nifurzide|ricridene 1932 mycophenolic acid Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION. nilotinib hydrochloride hydrate|nilotinib|tasigna|nilotinib hydrochloride monohydrate 1933 eterobarb nilutamide|nilandrone|anandron|nilandron 1935 feprazone A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15) nimesulide|mesulide|mesulid|nimsulid|sulidene|sulide|sulidan 1936 dibunate nimetazepam|methylnitrazepam|nimetazam 1937 camylofin nimodipine|nemotan|nymalize 1938 timepidium nimorazole|naxofem|naxogin|nimorazol|nitrimidazine|nulogyl 1939 lorazepam A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. 194 valdetamide amphenidone|amfenidone 1940 lonidamine nipradilol|nipradolol|hypadil 1941 carboquone An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients. niridazole|nitrothiamidazol|nitrothiamidazole|nitrothiazol|nitrothiazole 1942 famciclovir An aminopurine derivative and prodrug of penciclovir which is a competitive inhibitor of herpes simplex 2 DNA polymerase. It is used to treat HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION. BAY k-5552|nisoldipine|nisoldipin|zadipina 1943 gabexate A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin. nitazoxanide|nitazode|nitazoxanida|nizonide 1944 phenazocine An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095) nitisinone|nitisone|orfadin|NTBC 1946 dihexyverine nitrefazole|altimol 1947 clopidogrel A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. nitrendipine|nitrendipin|nitrepin 1948 minodronic acid nitric oxide|nitrogen oxide|nitrogen monoxide|INOmax 1950 cyclocoumarol anticoagulant similar to, but less potent than warfarin; may cause hemorrhage if used indiscriminately; minor descriptor (76-84); on-line search 4-HYDROXYCOUMARINS (76-84); Index Medicus search 4-HYDROXYCOUMARINS (77-84), COUMARINS (76); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation nitrofurazone|aldomycin|babrocid|furacilin|furacine|furacin|furacycline|furaldon|furaziline|nifuzon|nitrofural|nitrofuraldehyde semicarbazone|nitrofuran|nitrozone 1951 kebuzone proposed antirheumatic agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENYLBUTAZONE/AA 1952 zeranol A non-steroidal estrogen analog. nitroglycerin|nitroglycerine|nitroglycerol|propanetriol trinitrate|trinitroglycerin|trinitroglycerol|glyceryl trinitrate 1953 glyhexamide 1954 mequitazine nitroxoline|nitroxolin|noxibiol|5-Nitro-8-oxychinoline 1955 aprindine A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. nizatidine|naxidine|nizaxid 1956 bisaramil Y-9179|nizofenone fumarate|ekonal|midafenone|nizofenone 1957 clostebol TX 066|TX-066|nomegestrol acetate 1958 chloramphenicol An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106) merital|nomifensine maleate|nomifensine|(+/-)-Nomifensin|(+/-)-Nomifensine|linamiphen|nomifensin 1959 mepixanox respiratory analeptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; & in Negwer, 5th ed, #6503 progestin norelgestromin|norelgestromin|17-Deacetylnorgestimate|18-Methylnorethindrone oxime|BRN 4202099|Levonorgestrel oxime 196 propylhexedrine amphetaminil|amfetaminil|aponeuron|dl-Amphetaminil 1960 dimefline norepinephrine|(R)-Norepinephrine|arterenol|levarterenol|noradrenaline|norepinephrine bitartrate|(-)-noradrenaline 1961 gliclazide An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. norethandrolone|pronabol|nilevar 1962 guaiapate norethindrone|norethisteron|norethisterone|norethynodrone 1963 bufetolol proposed beta adrenergic blockader similar to propranolol; minor desriptor (77-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search PROPANOLAMINES (77-86); RN given refers to parent compound aygestin|norlutate|norethindrone acetate|19-Norethisterone acetate|norethisterone acetate 1964 cicloprolol norethindrone enanthate|norethisterone enanthate|norethisterone heptanoate|norigest|noristerat 1965 piperidolate norethynodrel|norethinodrel|noretynodrel 1966 cinnamaverine norfenefrine|DL-Norphenylephrine|metacardiol|metaoctopamine|normetasympathol|normetasynephrine|normezaton|norphenephrine|norphenylephrine|norfenefrine hydrochloride|norfenefrine HCl 1967 lysergide Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood. floxacin|norfloxacine|norphloxacine|norfloxacin 1968 tolciclate norgestrel oxime acetate|norgestimate|dexnorgestrel acetime 1969 cyamemazine phototoxic neuroleptic effects normethadone|desmethylmethadone|mepidon|noramidone|normedon|phenyldimazone 197 pempidine A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs. amphotericin B|abelcet|abelecet|amphocin|amphozone|apothecon|fungilin|Amphotericin B liposome 1970 oxysonium methylestrenolone|normethandrone|matronal|metalutin|methalutin|methylnortestosteron|normetandrone|normethandrolone|normethanedrolone|normethisterone|methylnortestosterone 1971 trofosfamide cyclophosphamide analog; structure nortryptyline|nortriptyline|demethylamitriptylin|desitriptilina|desmethylamitriptyline|noramitriptyline|nortriptyline hydrochloride|nortriptyline HCl 1972 furaltadone 1973 efloxate noscapine|methoxyhydrastine|narcompren|narcosine|noscapalin|noscapin|terbenol|vadebex|noscapine hydrochloride|noscapine HCl 1974 valaciclovir A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES. novobiocin|albamycin|cardelmycin|cathomycin|inamycin|streptonivicin|novobiocin calcium|novobiocin sodium|novobiocin sodium salt 1976 dolasetron Dolasetron mesylate is an antinauseant and antiemetic agent. Dolasetron mesylate and its active metabolite, hydrodolasetron (MDL 74,156), are selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists not shown to have activity at other known serotonin receptors and with low affinity for dopamine receptors. The serotonin 5-HT3 receptors are located on the nerve terminals of the vagus in the periphery and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. nylidrin hydrochloride|nylidrin|buphenin|buphenine|nilidrine|nylidrin HCl 1977 amphotalide nystatin A1|nystatin|nystatine 1978 oxyphenbutazone A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27) octodrine|amidrine|isoctaminum|octodrin|vaporpac 1979 ditazole octotiamine|neuvitan 198 mechlorethamine A biologic alkylating agent that exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming DNA ADDUCTS and DNA interstrand crosslinks, thereby inhibiting rapidly proliferating cells. The hydrochloride is an antineoplastic agent used to treat HODGKIN DISEASE and LYMPHOMA. ampicillin hydrate|ampicillin|ampicillin sodium|ampicillin trihydrate|ampicillin anhydrous 1980 nitracrine Acridine antineoplastic agent used in mammary and ovarian tumors. It inhibits RNA synthesis. octreotide|longastatin|octreotide acetate|sandostatin|SMS-201-995|sandostatine 1981 escitalopram gailuoxian|ofloxacine|oxaldin|prifloxcin|prifloxin|ofloxacin|ofloxacin hydrochloride|ofloxacin HCl 1982 citalopram A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia. olanzapine pamoate|olanzapine embonate|zyprexa relprevv|olanzapine pamoate monohydrate|olanzapine|zyprexa|LY 170053|LY-170053 1983 acetohexamide A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide. oleandomycin phosphate|matromycin|oleandomycin|amimycin|landomycin|Oleandomycin A 1984 viquidil 1985 quinidine An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission. olmesartan medoxomil|olmetec|CS-866|CS866 1986 dorzolamide topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer olopatadine|olopatadine hydrochloride|opatanol|pataday|patanol|olopatadine HCl 1987 etonogestrel metabolite of DESOGESTREL; structure given in first source; Implanon: implant containing etonogestrel (3-keto-desogestrel) E-1020|olprinone hydrochloride|olprinone hydrochloride hydrate|olprinone|loprinone|olprinone HCl 1988 diampromide olsalazine|olsalazine sodium|CJ 91B|dipentum|azodisalicylate 1989 vorozole BMS-186716|omapatrilat 199 orotic acid An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE. flucam|ampiroxicam|CP-65703|CP 65703 1990 prazepam A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS. omeprazole sodium|omeprazole|omeprazole magnesium|omeprazole sodium bicarbonate 1991 capobenic acid omoconazole|omoconazole nitrate|omoconazole mononitrate|CM-8282 1992 ergometrine An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties. GR-38032F|GR38032F|ondansetron|ondansetron hydrochloride|ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate|ondansetron HCl 1993 mecillinam An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action. opipramol dihydrochloride|opipramol|opramidol 1994 bisoprolol A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS. aicamin|orazamid|orazamide orotate|orazamide 1995 ifenprodil NMDA receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure 1996 etafenone used in therapy of anigna pectoris; RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym baxacor is HCl; structure orlistat|tetrahydrolipstatin|xenical|alli|tetrahydrolipastatin 1998 dapiprazole ornoprostil|ronoprost 1999 tolterodine An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE. disipal|orphenadrine|orphenadine|orphenadrin|orphenadrine citrate|orphenadrine hydrochloride|orphenadrine (chloride)|orphenadrine HCl 2 formaldehyde A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717) 200 nifuroxime was MH 1976-92 (see under NITROFURANS 1976-90); use NITROFURANS to search NIFUROXIME 1976-92; topical anti-infective agent used in protozoal & fungal infections; proposed as a radiosensitizing agent with solid tumors amprenavir|agenerase|angenerase|samprenavir 2000 midazolam A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH. osalmid|oksafenamide|osalmide|oxaphenamid|oxaphenamide|salmidochol 2001 clemizole ebilfumin|oseltamivir|tamvir|tamiflu|oseltamivir phosphate 2002 nipradilol potassium oxonate|oxonic acid potassium salt|oteracil|5-Azaorotic acid|oxonic acid|oteracil potassium 2004 bumadizone an anlgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search MALONATES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd ouabain|acocantherin|astrobain|gratibain|gratus strophanthin|kombetin|ouabaine|purostrophan|strophalen|uabaina|uabanin|g-strophanthin 2005 octabenzone oxaceprol|N-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline|N-Acetyl-4-hydroxyproline|N-Acetyl-L-hydroxyproline|N-Acetyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline|N-Acetylhydroxyproline 2006 moxestrol oxacillin sodium hydrate|oxacillin|oxazocilline|oxazocillin|oxacillin sodium 2007 acitretin An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate. oxaflozane hydrochloride|oxaflozan|oxaflozane|conflictan|oxaflozane HCl 2008 hydroquinidine urinary quinine metabolite; RN given refers to (9S)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4703 oxametacin|indoxamic acid 2009 ajmaline An alkaloid found in the root of RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials. oxamniquine|(+/-)-Oxamniquine|UK-4271 201 ectylurea inamrinone lactate|amrinone|cartonic|cordemcura|inamrinone|vesistol|wincoram 2010 tiazesim oxanamide|oxanamid|quiactin 2011 acepromazine Acepromazine, a phenothiazine derivatives, was first used in the 1950s in the treatment of PSYCHOSES. Now, it is commonly used as tranquilizer/sedative agent in dogs, cats, horses, and other animals. It is thought to block dopamine receptors in the brain or inhibit the activity of dopamine in other ways. oxandrolone|anavar|lonavar|oxandren|oxandrin|vasorome 2012 aceprometazine 2013 promegestone A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone. oxaprozin|alvo|oxaprozin potassium|WY 21743 2014 bunaftine N-Butyl-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-naphthamide. A proposed antiarrhythmic that prolongs myocardial refractory period and stabilizes cell membranes. KW-4354|R 35 443|oxatomide|celtect|celtomide 2015 etymemazine oxazepam|droxacepam|durazepam|noctazepam|tazepam|zaxopam 2016 bromochlorosalicylanilide oxazolam|hializan|oxazolazepam 2017 docosanol oxcarbazepine|oxacarbazepine|oxecarb|oxetol 2018 clozapine A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent. oxeladin|oxeladin citrate 2019 niclosamide An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). Although suggested as a potential treatment for COVID-19 based on its broad antiviral activity, including in vitro activity against coronaviruses, there are no data to support the use of niclosamide in the treatment of COVID-19. oxetorone fumarate|oxetorone 202 levomenthol A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. SM-5887|amrubicin hydrochloride|amrubicin HCl|amrubicin 2020 leteprinim a neuroprotective agent that has been shown to improve memory; induces NGF-dependent nociceptive nerve sprouting 2021 tranilast antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis; structure oxiracetam|hydroxypiracetam|neuromet 2022 naloxone A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. oxitropium iodide|oxytropium bromide|oxitropium|oxitropium bromide 2024 dimenoxadol oxolinic acid|dioxacin|nidantin|prodoxal 2025 difemerine oxomemazine|doxergan|dysedon|oxomemazin 2026 benactyzine A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior. oxyphencyclimine monohydrochloride|daricon|oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride|oxyphencyclimine|oxyphencyclimine HCl 2027 norelgestromin transdermal hormonal contraceptive oxprenolol hydrochloride|oxprenolol|(+/-)-Oxprenolol|dl-Oxprenolol|oxprenolol HCl 2028 butorphanol Butorphanol is a mixed agonist-antagonist with low intrinsic activity at receptors of the mu-opioid type (morphine-like). It is also an agonist at k-opioid receptors. Its interactions with these receptors in the central nervous system apparently mediate most of its pharmacologic effects, including analgesia. oxybutynin hydrochloride|oxybutynin|oxybutynin chloride|oxytrol|ditropan|kentera|oxybutynin HCl 2029 tifenamil oxycontin|oxycodone|dihydro-14-hydroxycodeinone|dihydrohydroxycodeinone|dihydrone|oxicon|oxycodeinone|oxymorphone 3-methyl ether|oxynorm|oxycodone hydrochloride|oxycodone terephthalate|oxycodone hydrochloride hydrate|oxycodone HCl 203 chloroxylenol a antiseptic halogenated phenol, non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-staining with high phenol coefficient, it may be applied directly to a wound and shows no chemical reactivity toward blood amsacrine|acridinylanisidide|amekrin|amsidil|amsidine|amsidyl|lamasine 2030 aminopromazine oxyfedrine hydrochloride|oxyfedrine|oxyfedrin|oxyphedrine|oxyfedrine HCl 2031 ranimustine methandrostenediolone|oxymesteron|oxymesterone|anamidol|aranabol|oranabol|oxymestrone|theranabol 2032 clofibride oxymetazoline|navasin|oxylazine|oxymethazoline|rhinofrenol|rhinolitan|oxymetazoline hydrochloride|oxymetazoline HCl 2033 loxapine An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA. oxymetholone|anasteron|anasteronal|nastenon|oxymethenolone|protanabol 2034 diloxanide furoate oxymorphone|14-Hydroxydihydromorphinone|(-)-Oxymorphone|oxymorphone hydrochloride|oxymorphone HCl 2035 labetalol A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. oxypertine|equipertine|oxypertin 2036 dilevalol oxyphenbutazone|butapirone|flamaril|oxazolidin|oxyphenobutazone|oxyphenylbutazone|p-Oxyphenylbutazone 2037 tiapride A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist. oxyphenisatine acetate|acetphenolisatinum|phenlaxinum|oxyphenisatin acetate|acelax|acetalax|acetophenolisatin|bisatin|brocatine|diacetyldihydroxydiphenylisatin|diacetyldioxyphenylisatin|diacetyldiphenolisatin|diasatin|diasatine|diphesatin|diphesatine|oxyphenisatin diacetate|phenlaxine 2038 liranaftate oxyphenisatin|oxyphenisatine|phenolisatin|veripaque 2039 suplatast antrenyl|oxyphenonium|oxyphenonium bromide 204 oteracil Antagonist of urate oxidase. amtolmetineguacil|ST-679|amtolmetin guacil|amtolmetin guacyl|artromed 2040 levomepromazine A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604) oxysonium|hydroxythiospasmin|oxysonium iodide 2042 promestriene 3 propyl-ether-17 beta-methyl-ether of ESTRADIOL oxytocin|orasthin|oxystin|partocon|perlacton|synthetic oxytocin 2044 retinol acetate paclitaxel|(-)-Paclitaxel|abraxane|capxol|cyclopax|ebetaxel|genaxol|mitotax|padexol|plaxicel|taxol|Taxol A|Tocosol Paclitaxel|nabpaclitaxel|ABI-007|nab-paclitaxel 2045 stanozolol A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194) palmidrol|palmitic acid monoethanolamide|palmitoylethanolamide|palmitic monoethanolamide 2046 ciclonium palonosetron|(-)-Palonosetron|palonosetron hydrochloride|aloxi|RS 25259-197|palonosetron HCl 2047 oxazolam 8-bromotheophylline|bromotheophylline|pamabrom|predema 2048 clorexolone pamidronic acid|pamidronate disodium|pamidronate|pamidronate disodium hydrate 2049 eberconazole 4-aminobenzoic acid|aminobenzoate potassium|p-aminobenzoic acid|4-aminobenzenecarboxylic acid|4-carboxy phenyl aniline|aminobenzoic acid|4-Aminobenzoate 205 furamicid amyl nitrite|vaporole|nitramyl|amylnitrit 2050 nitisinone Nitisinone is a competitive inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme upstream of FAH in the tyrosine catabolic pathway. By inhibiting the normal catabolism of tyrosine in patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1), nitisinone prevents the accumulation of the catabolic intermediates maleylacetoacetate and fumarylacetoacetate. In patients with HT-1, these catabolic intermediates are converted to the toxic metabolites succinylacetone and succinylacetoacetate, which are responsible for the observed liver and kidney toxicity. aminosalicylic acid resin complex|potassium aminosalicylate|p-aminosalicylic acid|aminosalicylic acid|4-Aminosalicylic acid|4-Carboxy-3-hydroxyaniline|apacil|calcium aminosalicylate|sodium aminosalicylate|para-aminosalicylic acid|aminosalicylate potassium|aminosalicylate sodium|teebacin 2051 flumethiazide aminosalicylic acid hydrazide|4-Aminosalicylic acid hydrazide|apacizin|apacizina|pasdrazide|p-aminosalicylic acid hydrazide 2052 etofylline nicotinate pancuronium bromide|bromurex|pancuronium|pancuronium dibromide 2053 paroxetine A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression. RS-533|panipenem 2054 trilostane inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome pantoprazole|pantozol|pantoprazole sodium|controloc control|pantoprazole sodium hydrate|pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate 2055 bornaprine beneficial effect in Parkinsonism due to inhibition of muscarinic or nicotinic transmission calcium pantothenate|pantothenic acid|(+)-Pantothenic acid|D-Pantothenic acid|Vitamin B5 2056 androisoxazole papaverine|papaverine hydrochloride|papaverin|papaverine HCl 2057 prenylamine A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406) papaveroline 2058 cloperastine acetaldehyde trimer|paraldehyde|1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-trioxane|paraacetaldehyde 2059 flurbiprofen axetil an analgesic paramethadione|paradione|parametadione 206 paramethadione amylocaine|amyleine|stovaine|amylocaine hydrochloride|amyleine hydrochloride|amylocaine HCl|amyleine HCl 2060 malathion A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes. paramethasone acetate|cortiden|flumethone|monocortin|paramezone 2061 almecillin 2062 oxomemazine selective for M1 muscarinic receptors parapenzolate|parapenzolate bromide|relanol|neupran 2063 mivotilate dynastat|parecoxib|parecoxib sodium|xapit 2066 desoxycortone A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE zemplar|paricalcitol-d6|paricalcitol 2067 prasterone acetate ameparomo|paromomycin|aminosidin|aminosidine|catenulin|crestomycin|paromomycine|paucimycin|paromomycin sulfate|paromomycin sulphate 2068 dipiproverine BRL 29060A|BRL-29060A|paroxetine hydrochloride hydrate|brisdelle|paroxetine|paxetil|paxil|paroxetine hydrochloride|paroxetine mesylate|paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate|paroxetine hydrochloride anhydrous|paroxetine mesilate|paroxetine HCl 207 ethadione 2070 icosapent ethyl Icosapent ethyl is a stable ethyl ester of the omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The mechanisms of action contributing to reduction of cardiovascular events with icosapent ethyl are not completely understood. The mechanisms are likely multi-factorial including improved lipoprotein profile with reduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, reduction of macrophage accumulation, improved endothelial function, increased fibrous cap thickness/stability, and antiplatelet effects. Each of these mechanisms can beneficially alter the development, progression, and stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaque, as well as the implications of plaque rupture, and preclinical and clinical studies support such benefits with EPA. Systemic and localised anti-inflammatory effects of EPA may result from displacement of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA), directing catabolism away from eicosanoids (2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and 4-series leukotrienes) to non- or anti-inflammatory mediators. However, the direct clinical meaning of individual findings is not clear. pazufloxacin mesilate|pazufloxacin mesylate|pazufloxacin 2071 tiquizium antispasmodic; RN refers to bromide (trans)-isomer pefloxacin|peflacine|pefloxacine 2072 teprenone ; RN given refers to isomeric cpd without isomeric designation; mixture of (5E,9E,13E) & (5Z,9E,13E)-isomers 2073 furosemide A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. LY231514|pemetrexed diacid monohydrate|pemetrexed sodium|pemetrexed sodium hydrate|pemetrexed|pemetrexed disodium|alimta|pemetrexed disodium heptahydrate 2074 chlorbetamide alamast|pemirolast|pemirolast potassium|alegysal|potassium pemirolast 2075 tienilic acid a novel diuretic with uricosuric action, it has been used as an antihypertensive agent, withdrawn shortly after approval due to liver toxicity pemoline|azoksodon|azoxodon|azoxodone|centramin|dantromin|pemolin|pheniminooxazolidino|phenoxazole|phenylisohydantoin|phenylpseudohydantoi|fenoxazol|pemoline hydrochloride|magnesium pemoline|pemoline HCl 2076 hydroflumethiazide A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822) pirilenum|pempidine tosylate|pempidine tosilate|pempidine|pyrilene|pempidine tartrate 2078 ciprofloxacin A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. penbutolol|penbutolol sulfate|betapressin|levopenbutolol 2079 piroxicam A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily. penciclovir|denavir|penciclovir sodium 2080 protokylol penfluridol|R-16341 2082 oxyclipine penicillin g|benzylpenicillin|benzylpenicillin G|free penicillin G|benzylpenicillinic acid|penicillin G potassium|penicillin|penicillin G sodium|benzylpenicillin potassium|benzylpenicillin sodium 2083 nizatidine A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers. penicillin v|penicillin v potassium|phenopenicillin|meropenin|phenoxymethylpenicillin|phenoxymethylpenicillinic acid 2084 glypinamide penimepicycline|mepenicycline|mepicycline penicillinate|penetracyne|penimepiciclina|prestociclina 2085 zotepine pentaerythritol|1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethanol|monopentaerythritol|Tetra(hydroxymethyl)methane|tetramethylolmethane|pentaerithrityl 2086 dibromol pentaerythritol chloral|perichlor|periclor|petrichloral|pentaerythritol tetrachloral hemiacetal 2088 fluorescein A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor. pentagastrin|pentavlon|peptavlon|ICI 50123 2089 zanamivir A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE. pentagestrone acetate|gestovis 209 tranexamic acid Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. anagrelide|xagrid|anagrelide hydrochloride|anagrelide hydrochloride hydrate|anagrelide HCl|anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate 2090 spectinomycin An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA. pentamidine isetionate|pentamidine diisethionate|pentamidine|pentamidine isethionate|pentamidin|pentamidine mesylate|pentamidine mesilate 2091 acedapsone Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent. 2092 oxitropium pentetic acid|detapac|detarex|diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 2093 ipratropium A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic. penthienate bromide|monodral|penthienate 2094 oxymetholone A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) pentifylline|1-Hexyltheobromine|hexyltheobromine 2095 alfaxalone pentobarbital calcium|pentobarbital|ethaminal|mebubarbital|nembutal|neodorm|pentabarbitone|pentobarbitone|pentobarbituric acid|phetobarbitone|pentobarbital sodium|sodium pentobarbital 2096 brivudine anti-herpes agent; (Z)-isomer much less active against herpes simplex virus type 1 & somewhat less active against herpes simplex virus type 2 than is the (E)-isomer; both isomers show similar activity against vaccinia virus; RN given refers to (E)-trans-isomer; structure pentolinium|pentapyrrolidinium|pentolonium|pentolonium tartrate|ansolysen|pentolinium tartrate|pentolinium bitartrate 2097 pefloxacin A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. elmiron|pentosan polysulfate|xylan polysulfate|xylan sulfate|xylofuranan sulfate|pentosan polysulfate sodium 2098 drotebanol pentostatin|deoxycoformycin|NSC218321 2099 pentoxyverine pentoxifylline|azupentat|dimethyloxohexylxanthine|oxpentifylline|pentoxifyllin 210 oxanamide anastrozole|anastrazole|anastrol|arimidex 2100 deptropine minor descriptor (65-85); on-line & Index Medicus search TROPANES (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd perazine|pernazine 2101 tropatepine perfluamine|perfluorotripropylamine 2104 bromfenac Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The mechanism of its action is thought to be due to its ability to block prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, prostaglandins are mediators of certain kinds of intraocular inflammation. luminity|perflutren|octafluoropropane|perfluoropropane 2105 bromazine LY-127,809|LY127,809|permax|LY 127809|pergolide mesilate|pergolide mesylate|pergolide 2106 mitomycin An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis. perhexiline maleate|perhexiline 2108 tetroxoprim perindopril|perindopril erbumine|perindopril arginine 2109 pimobendan produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source 211 buformin An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation. anazolene|anazolene sodium|sodium anoxynaphthonate 2110 benzylpenicillin A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065) isoxal|31252-S|perisoxal|perisoxal citrate 2111 proglumide A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers. perlapine|hypnodin|perlapine monohydrochloride|perlapine hydrochloride|perlapine HCl|HUF-2333 2112 strychnine An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison. perospirone|lullan|SM-9018|SM 9018|perospirone hydrochloride|perospirone hydrochloride dihydrate|perospirone HCl|perospirone hydrochloride hydrate 2113 fenalamide perphenazine|perfenazine|perfenil|perphenan|perphenazin|thilatazin|tranquisan|perphanzine 2114 progabide GABA agonist; structure phenuron|phenacemide|cetylureum|fenacemid|neophedan|phacetur|phenacalum|phenacetur|phenacetylcarbamide|phenacetylurea|phenicarb|phetylureum|phenurone 2115 lormetazepam phenacetin|acetophenetidin|acetophenetidine|acetophenetin|acetphenetidin|phenacetine|phenazetin 2116 isoxicam phenaglycodol|Chlorophenyl-3-methyl-2,3-butanediol|acalmid 2117 sulfachrysoidine phenamacide|phenamacide hydrochloride|aklonin|aklonine|phenamacide HCl 2118 naratriptan 2119 almotriptan phenazocine|phenethylazocine|phenobenzorphan|phenazocine hydrobromide|fenazocine 212 isovaleryl diethylamide ancitabine|ancytabine|cyclocytidine 2120 oxeladin phenazopyridine|gastracid|phenazopyridine hydrochloride|phenazopyridine HCl 2121 norpipanone phencyclidine hydrochloride|phencyclidine|phencyclidine HCl|phencyclidine hydrobromide 2122 droprenilamine secondary amine structurally related to prenylamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym MG 8926 refers to HCl; structure phendimetrazine hydrochloride|phendimetrazine|(+)-Phendimetrazine|antapentan|mephenmetrazine|sedafamen|phendimetrazine tartrate|phendimetrazine HCl 2123 pirifibrate phenelzine|1-hydrazino-2-phenylethane|2-phenylethylhydrazine|phenalzine|phenethylhydrazine|phenelzine sulfate 2124 hydroxychloroquine A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). In March 2020, FDA issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-10. EUA was revoked in June 2020. Data from various published randomized, controlled clinical trials and retrospective, cohort studies have not substantiated initial reports of efficacy of 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials for treatment of COVID-19. phenethicillin potassium|pheneticillin|feneticillin|phenethicillin|phenoxyethylpenicillin|alfacilin|phenethicillin potassium salt 2125 nifurzide pheneturide|ethylphenacemide|phenuride|phenylethylacetylurea|ethylphenylacetylurea|ethyl phenacemide 2126 dicoumarol An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. phenformin|phenformin hydrochloride|phenformin HCl 2127 acebutolol A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action. phenglutarimide hydrochloride|phenglutarimide HCl|phenylglutarimide|phenglutarimide|phenglutarimid 2128 fluoxymesterone An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. phenicarbazide|2-phenylhydrazinecarboxamide|carbaphen|phenicarbazid|phenygenine|phenylsemicarbazide 2129 fentanyl A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. phenindamine|thephorin 2130 buzepide metiodide component of vesadol phenindione|phenylindandione|athrombon|danedion|diophindane|emandione|fenhydren|hemolidione|indion|phenhydren|phenillin|phenylindione|theradione|fenindione 2131 nifurfoline beta-phenylisopropylhydrazine|pheniprazine|1-phenyl-2-hydrazinopropane|phenizine|pheniprazine hydrochloride|pheniprazine HCl 2132 ufenamate propheniramine|prophenpyridamine|pyriton|tripoton|pheniramine maleate|pheniramine 2133 linezolid An oxazolidinone and acetamide derived ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENT and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS of the skin and respiratory tract. phenmetrazine teoclate|fenmetrazine|phenmetrazine hydrochloride|phenmetrazine|3-Methyl-2-phenylmorpholine|3-Methyl-2-phenyltetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine|oxazimedrine|phenmetrazin|fenmetrazina|phenmetrazine HCl 2134 disufenton a nitrone benzene bissulfonate in development for stroke; has neuroprotective activity phenobarbitone|phenobarbital|adonal|dormiral|versomnal|neurobarb|phenaemal|sedophen|phenobarbital sodium 2135 tenoxicam phenolphthalein|euchessina|phthalimetten|phthalin 2137 propanidid An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918) phenprobamate|3-Phenylpropyl carbamate|ansepron|proformiphen 2138 pargeverine used as premedication when performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) phenprocoumon|fencumar|marcoumar|phenprocoumarol|phenprocoumarole|liquamar 2139 olopatadine An antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties used as eye drops in the treatment of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS. phensuccimide|phensuximide|phensuximid|RS-Phensuximide|racemic phensuximide|succitimal|fensuccimide 214 oxiracetam androstenediol|Androst-5-enediol|hermaphrodiol 2140 famotidine A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion. Computer-aided, structure-based, virtual screening of libraries of compounds against SARS-CoV-2 proteins suggested potential for famotidine to interact with viral proteases in-volved in coronavirus replication. HOWEVER, there is no clinical trial evidence supporting efficacy or safety for treatment of COVID-19. phentermine|duromine|normephentermine|phentermine hydrochloride|phentermine HCl|phentermine resin complex 2141 decimemide phentetramine|fentetramine|alzaten|fentetramin|fentetramina 2143 danazol A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. fenamisal|phenyl aminosalicylate|phenyl p-aminosalicylate|tebamin|tebanyl|p-aminosalicylic acid phenyl ester 2144 amineptine used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure L-Phenylalanine|phenylalanine 2145 fenpiverinium phenylbutazone|phenylbutazon 2146 suloctidil A peripheral vasodilator that was formerly used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is hepatotoxic and fatalities have occurred. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312) (-)-Phenylephrine|(-)-m-Hydroxy-alpha-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol|(-)-m-Oxedrine|(-)-m-Synephrine|(R)-Phenylephrine|L-Phenylephedrine|mesatone|metaoxedrin|metaoxedrine|metasympatol|metasynephrine|mezaton|l-Phenylephrine|phenylephrine|phenylephrine hydrochloride|phenylephrine tannate|phenylephrine bitartrate|phenylephrine HCl 2147 fenquizone 2148 perflexane phenylpropanol|(RS)-1-Phenylpropan-1-ol|phenycholon|phenyl ethyl carbinol|alpha-Ethylbenzenemethanol 2149 idebenone phenylpropanolamine|norephedrine|propadrine|(+/-)-phenylpropanolamine|phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride|phenylpropanolamine HCl|phenylpropanolamine polistirex 215 tiliquinol androstenedione|fecundin|4-Androstene-3,17-dione 2150 lisuride An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS). phenyltoloxamine|phenoxadrin|phenoxadrine|phentoloxamine|phenyltoxamine|phenyltoloxamine citrate|phenyltoloxamine dihydrogen citrate|phenyltoloxamine hydrochloride|phenyltoloxamine HCl 2151 pirmenol an antiarrhythmic with class Ia activity phenyramidol|cabral|evasprin|fenyramidol|phenyramidol hydrochloride|phenyramidol HCl 2152 chlortalidone A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic. fenitoin|sodium diphenylhydantoinate|phenytoin|diphantoin|diphenylan|diphenylhydantoin|phenytoine|phenytoinum|phenytoin sodium 2154 brodimoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase pholcodine|biocalyptol|codylin|ethnine|folcodin|folcodine|galenphol|galphol|glycodine|homocodeine|morpholinylethylmorphine|neocodine|o-2-morpholinoethylmorphine|o3-(2-morpholinoethyl)morphine|pholtex|weifacodine|beta-morpholinylethylmorphine 2155 cefacetrile A derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. phosphorylcholine|ethanaminium|choline phosphate 2156 mofezolac Cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; ; RN from Toxlit oxagrelate|phthalazinol|EG 626 2157 topiramate The precise mechanisms by which topiramate exerts its anticonvulsant and migraine prophylaxis effects are unknown; however, preclinical studies have revealed four properties that may contribute to topiramate's efficacy for epilepsy and migraine prophylaxis. Electrophysiological and biochemical evidence suggests that topiramate, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels, augments the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyrate at some subtypes of the GABA-A receptor, antagonizes the AMPA/kainate subtype of the glutamate receptor, and inhibits the carbonic anhydrase enzyme, particularly isozymes II and IV. enterocid|enterosulfamid|enterosulfon|ftalicetimida|phthaloylsulfacetamide|sulphalyl|talicetimida|thalocid|phthalylsulfacetamide|phthalylsulfacetamide sodium 2158 papaverine An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels. phthalylsulfathiazole|cremothalidine|enteramida|entexidina|phtalazol|phthalazol|phthalylnorsulfazole|phthalylsulfonazole|phthalylsulphathiazole|sulfaphthalazole|sulfathalidine|sulphaphthalyl|phthalylsulfathiazole sodium|phthalylsulfathiazole monosodium salt 216 citiolone 2160 xamoterol A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist. 2161 carbenin picotamide|picotamide monohydrate|picotamide hydrate 2162 panipenem synthetic cpd; structure given in first source picrotoxin|cocculin 2163 pipethanate picrotin 2164 nalmefene pidotimod|adimod|pigitil|polimod 2165 methylergometrine A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed) calmatel|piketoprofen 2166 levopropoxyphene A propionate derivative that is used to suppress coughing. salagen|pilocarpine nitrate|pilocarpine|ocucarpine|pilocarpol|pilokarpin|syncarpine|(+)-Pilocarpine|pilocarpine hydrochloride|pilocarpine HCl 2167 dextropropoxyphene A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect. pilsicainide|pilzicainide|pilsicainide hydrochloride|SUN 1165|pilsicainide HCl|pilsicainide hydrochloride hemihydrate|pilsicainide hydrochloride hydrate 2168 propyromazine Spasmolytic and anticholinergic agent elidel|pimecrolimus|picrolimus 2169 disopyramide A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties. pimethixene|calmixen|mepithiathene|pimetixene|pimethixene maleate 217 pregabalin A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA. anecortave acetate|anecortave|retaane 2171 perazine A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects. UD-CG 115 BS|UDCG 115|pimobendan|acardi 2172 rociverine pimozide|primozide|R6238|R-6238 2173 hexetidine A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797) (R,S)-Pinacidil|pinacidil monohydrate|pinacidil|pindac|(+/-)-Pinacidil|pinacidil hydrate 2174 metipamide diuretic with a hypotensive effect pinaverium|pinaverium bromide 2176 pirisudanol cerebral stimulant; RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym stivane refers to dimaleate; structure pindolol|betapindol|pinbetol|prinodolol|dl-Pindolol|durapindol|LB-46 2178 pentamidine Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. 2179 poldine major descriptor (66-86); on-line search BENZILATES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search POLDINE (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd pioglitazone|glustin|sepioglin|pioglitazone hydrochloride|pioglitazone HCl 218 pargyline A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. anethole trithione|anethole dithiolthione|sulfarlem|sulfogal|sulfralem|tiopropen|trithioanethole 2180 parapenzolate pipamazine|mornidine|nausidol|nometine 2181 methanthelinium an anticholinergic agent used as an adjunctive therapy in peptic ulcer pipamperone dihydrochloride|pipamperone|dipiperon|dipiperone|floropipamide|dipiperal|pipamperone hydrochloride|pipamperone HCl 2182 mepenzolate anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure pipazethate|pipazetate 2184 norethindrone acetate Acetate ester of norethindrone that is used as a long-term contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS). pipemidic acid|pipeacid|uropimid 2185 canrenone A synthetic pregnadiene compound with anti-aldosterone activity. pipenzolate|pipenzolate bromide 2186 ethylhydrocupreine piperacetazine|psymod|quide 2187 terguride pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure piperacillin hydrate|piperacillin|piperacillin sodium|pipracil|piperacillin sodium salt 2188 propiomazine piperazine phosphate hydrate|piperazine phosphate|piperazine|antiren|eraverm|pipersol|1,4-piperazine|piperazine citrate|multifuge|piperazine sulfate|dipiperazine sulfate|dipiperazine|piperazine dihydrochloride|piperazine monohydrochloride|piperazine-carbon disulfide complex 2189 lucanthone One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46) sedulon|piperidione|dihyprylon|dihyprylone|piperidion 219 methylchromone anhydrovinblastine|anhydrovincaleukoblastine 2190 medrogestone 6,17-Dimethylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone. It is used in the treatment of menstrual irregularities and has also been employed in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy and endometrial carcinoma. piperidolate hydrochloride|dactiran|piperidolate|piperidolate HCl 2191 dimethisterone A synthetic progestational hormone without significant estrogenic or androgenic properties. It was formerly used as the progestational component in SEQUENTIAL ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS . piperilate|pipethanate|pipethanate ethobromide|pipethanate hydrochloride|pipethanate HCl 2192 penthienate pipobroman|amedel|vercyte 2193 docosanoic acid piportil|pipotiazine palmitate|piportil depot 2194 nitroxazepine has pronounced sedative properties, but otherwise resembles imipramine; minor descriptor (77-84); on-line & Index Medicus search DIBENZOXAZEPINES (77-84); RN given refers to mono-HCl pipoxolan 2195 thebacon pipradrol hydrochloride|pipradrol HCl|pipradrol|pipradol|pipralon|piridrol|pyridrol|pyridrole 2196 naltrexone Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence. piprozoline|probilin|piprozolin 2197 diseptal B piracetam|2-Pyrrolidinoneacetamide|neuracetam|pirazetam|nootropil 2198 fenetylline pirarubicin|pinorubicin|therarubicin 2199 sulpiride A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) pirbuterol|(+/-)-Pirbuterol|pirbuterol acetate|pirbuterol hydrochloride|pirbuterol HCl 22 deanol An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood. p-aminomethylbenzoic acid|para-aminomethylbenzoic acid|gumbix|4-aminomethyl-benzoic acid|4-aminomethylbenzoic acid|aminomethylbenzoic acid|benzylamine-4-carboxylic acid|p-carboxybenzylamine 220 hydralazine A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. anileridine|adopol|alidine|apidol|leritin|leritine|nipecotan|anileridine hydrochloride|anileridine phosphate|anileridine HCl|anileridine monohydrochloride|anileridine dihydrochloride 2200 levosulpiride pirenzepine hydrochloride hydrate|pirenzepine|pirenzepin|pirenzepine dihydrochloride|pirenzepine hydrochloride|pirenzepine HCl 2201 cyclacillin A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID. piretanide|arelix|diumax|eurelix 2202 propafenone An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. piribedil methanesulfonate|piribedil maleate|ET-495|piribedil|trivastal|trivastan|piribedil hydrochloride|piribedil HCl|EU 4200|EU-4200 2203 clobenztropine piridoxilate|piridoxylate 2205 kt-136 pirisudanol|pyrisuccideanol 2206 maltose A dextrodisaccharide from malt and starch. It is used as a sweetening agent and fermentable intermediate in brewing. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) pyrlindole|pirlindole hydrochloride|pirlindole HCl|pirlindol|pyrazidol|pirlindole|pirlindole mesylate|pirlindole mesilate 2207 lactulose A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887) pirmenol|pirmenol hydrochloride|pirmenol HCl 2208 lactose A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry. piroheptine hydrochloride|piroheptine|piroheptine HCl 221 tolazoline A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. aniracetam|ampamet|draganon|memodrin 2210 siccanin piroxicam olamine|piroxicam betadex|brexicam|brexidol|brexin|cicladol|piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin complex|piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin|feldene|CP16171|CP-16171|piroxicam 2211 megestrol acetate Megestrol acetate is a progestogen with actions and uses similar to those of the progestogens in general. It also has anti-androgenic properties. It is given by mouth in the palliative treatment or as an adjunct to other therapy in endometrial carcinoma and in breast cancer. Megestrol acetate has been approved to treat anorexia and cachexia. (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995) 2212 flutoprazepam Flunitrazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam. pirozadil|pemix 2213 etizolam pirprofen|racemic pirprofen|rengasil 2214 triazolam A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries. nisvastatin|itavastatin|pitavastatin calcium hydrate|pitavastatin|pitavastatin calcium|livalo 2216 acetyldihydrocodeine pivagabin|pivagabine|tonerg 2217 cinchocaine A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006) pivalexin|pivcephalexin|cefalexin pivoxil 2218 clotiapine pivampicillin|pivaloylampicillin|pivaloyloxymethyl ampicillinate|ampicillin pivaloyloxymethyl ester 2219 clemastine A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness. pivmecillinam|amdinocillin pivoxil|pivamdinocillin|pivmecillinam hydrochloride|pivmecillinam HCl 222 methacholine A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116) anisindione|andion|miradon|unidone 2220 bromopride pizotyline|pizotifen|pizotifen malate 2221 lactitol plafibride|perifunal|idonor 2223 sultosilic acid mithramycin|mithramycinum|plicamycin|aureolic acid|mithracin|Mithramycin A|mitramycin|plicatomycin 2224 formoterol An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. 2225 piketoprofen 2226 formebolone poldine metilsulfate|poldine methylsulfate|poldine methylsulphate|poldine 2228 oxyphencyclimine cholinergic blocking agent used as an adjunct in the treatment of peptic ulcer renese|polythiazide|drenusil|nephril 2229 medrysone 223 carpronium octatropine methylbromide|anisotropine methylbromide|anisotropine methobromide|anisotropine methyl bromide|valpin 2230 medroxyprogesterone A synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms. prajmaline bitartrate|prajmaline|prajmalium|N4-Propylajmalinium|N-Propylajmalinium|N-Propylajmaline 2231 tribromometacresol pralidoxime iodide|pralidoxime|pralidoxime chloride 2232 clotrimazole An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal CELL MEMBRANES. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane. pralmorelin|pralmorelin hydrochloride|GHRP-2|pralmorelin dihydrochloride|KP-102|GHRP|KP-102D|pralmorelin HCl 2233 trengestone pramipexole hydrochloride|pramipexole hydrochloride hydrate|sifrol|oprymea|pramipexole|(S)-Pramipexole|mirapexin|pramipexole dihydrochloride|pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate|pramipexole HCl|pramipexol dihydrobromide 2234 clorotepine major tranquilizer with action similar to those of the phenothiazines; used in schizophrenic & manic psychoses; minor decriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOTHIEPINS (77-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation pramiracetam hydrochloride|pramiracetam HCl|pramistar|pramiracetam|amacetam|vinpotropil|pramiracetam sulfate|amacetam sulphate 2235 niclofolan Proposed fasciolacide. Synonyms: Dertil; Bilevon; Bay 9015. pramiverine|pramiverin|propaminodiphen 2236 tretoquinol An adrenergic beta-agonist used as a bronchodilator agent in asthma therapy. symlin|pramlintide|pramlintide acetate 2237 omeprazole A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. ONO 1078|pranlukast|onon|azlaire|pranlukast hydrate|ONO-1078 2238 esomeprazole The S-isomer of omeprazole. pranoprofen|niflan|oftalar|dl-Pranoprofen 2239 bevantolol a beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist that has been shown to be as effective as other beta blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension pravastatin|eptastatin|mevalothin|pravastatin acid|pravastatin sodium|pravachol 224 bethanechol A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM. antazoline mesylate|antazoline sulfate|antazoline|phenazoline|antazoline phosphate|antazoline hydrochloride|antazoline HCl 2240 clopamide A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic. prazepam|sedapran|trepidan|verstran|prazene 2241 metofoline praziquantel|(+/-)-Praziquantel|azinox|cysticide|distocide|prazinon|pyquiton|saniquantrel 2242 nifedipine A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. 2243 flutrimazole prednicarbate|prednitop 2244 sorbitan laurate prednimustine|prednisolone chlorambucil ester|sterecyt|stereocyt 2245 beclobrate prednisolone|prenolone|deltahydrocortisone|hydroretrocortin|hydroretrocortine|metacortandralone 2246 chlorproethazine prednisolone succinate|prednisolone bisuccinate|prednisolone hemisuccinate|prednisolone sodium succinate 2247 adenosine phosphate Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. prednisolone acetate|hydroprednisone acetate|meticortelone acetate|meticotelone acetate 2248 arsthinol nanosuspensions of arsthinol could be used for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia prednisolone farnesylate|prednisolone 21-all-trans-farnesylate 2249 nafamostat inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic; RN given refers to parent cpd prednisolone steaglate|prednisolone stearoylglycolate|sintisone 225 clomethiazole A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. lergitin|phenbenzamine 2250 sulbactam pivoxyl prednisolone sulfobenzoate|prednisolone metasulfobenzoate|prednisolone metasulfobenzoate sodium|prednisolone sodium metasulfobenzoate|prednisolone metazoate|prednisolone sodium metazoate 2251 cefalexin A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. prednisolone tebutate|prednisolone tert-butylacetate|Prednisolone TBA|prednisolone butylacetate|HYDELTRA-TBA|prednisolone tertiary butylacetate 2252 fedrilate prednisolone valerate acetate|acepreval|prednisolone 17-valerate 21-acetate|prednisolone 21-acetate 17-valerate 2253 benzpiperylone spelled benzopiperylone in title prednisone anhydrous|prednisone|1,2-dehydrocortisone|dehydrocortisone 2254 indoramin An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent. prednylidene|dacorsol|dacortilen|decortilen 2255 clanobutin pregabalin|(S)-Pregabalin|gabanext|maxgalin|lyrica|pregabalin hydrochloride|pregabalin HCl 2256 embramine pregnenolone succinate 2257 succisulfone 2258 enalaprilat The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion. prenalterol|(S)-Prenalterol|(-)-Prenalterol|S-Varbian 2259 torsemide A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION. prenderol|2,2-Diethyl-1,3-propanediol 226 meglutol An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. anthralin|chrysodermol|dithranol|cigthranol 2261 acrivastine a second generation antihistamine prenylamine lactate|prenylamine|DL-Prenylamine 2263 intoplicine pridinol|pridinol methanesulfonate salt|pridinol methanesulfonate 2264 bexarotene A tetrahydronaphthalene derivative and RETINOID X RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA. prifinium bromide|pyrodifenium bromide|prifinium 2265 leiopyrrole spasmolytic leioplegil is the HCl of leiopyrrole; RN given refers to leiopyrrole; no RN available for HCl; structure propitocaine hydrochloride|prilocaine|propitocaine|(+/-)-Prilocaine|prilocaine hydrochloride|propitocaine HCl|prilocaine HCl 2266 oxyphenonium A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect. primaquine|primachin|primaquin|dl-Primaquine|(+/-)-Primaquine|primaquine phosphate|primaquine diphosphate 2267 ethyl dibunate desoxyphenobarbital|primidone|lepimidin|primaclone|primacone 2268 doxefazepam probenecid|benecid|probecid|probenecid acid 2269 halocarban probucol|biphenabid|bisphenabid|phenbutol|lorelco 227 fenadiazole PC-904|apalcillin sodium|apalcillin 2270 sorivudine procainamide|novocainamid|novocainamide|novocaine amide|novocamid|procaine amide|procanbid|procainamide hydrochloride|procainamide HCl 2271 cloxazolam analog of oxazolam; structure procaine|diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoate|procain|spinocaine|isocaine|isocain|herocaine|irocaine|procaine hydrochloride|procaine HCl 2272 voriconazole A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A. procarbazine|ibenzmethyzine|procarbazine hydrochloride|procarbazine HCl 2273 cinmetacin procaterol|(R,S)-Procaterol|(+/-)-Procaterol 2275 cefradine A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. procodazole|estimulocel|procodazol|propazol 2276 ampicillin Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. procyclidine|kemadrine|tricoloid|tricyclamol|procyclidine hydrochloride|procyclidine HCl 2277 dipipanone piperidyl analog of methadone where piperidino group replaces dimethylamino group; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure proflavine|proflavin|proflavine hemisulfate|proflavin hemisulfate|proflavin sulfate|proflavine sulfate 2278 cetiedil progabide|halogabide|gabrene|gabren 2279 loracarbef 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring progesterone|gestone|gestormone|glanducorpin|lugesteron|lugesterone|progestan|progeston|progestone|progestron|progesterol|syngesterone 228 aminorex An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension. apomorphine|(-)-Apomorphine|apomorphin|L-Apomorphine|apomorphine hydrochloride|apomorphine hydrochloride hydrate|apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate|apomorphine HCl|apomorphine chloride 2280 azasetron a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source proglumetacin|proglumetacin maleate|proglumetacin dimaleate|protacine|afloxan|CR 604 2282 phenoxymethylpenicillin A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms. proguanil|proguanil hydrochloride|chloroguanide|chloroguanide hydrochloride|proguanil HCl|chloroguanide HCl 2283 biapenem prolintane hydrochloride|prolintane|phenylpyrrolidinopentane|prolintan|prolintane HCl 2284 disofenin promazine|prazin|prazine|romtiazin|promazine hydrochloride|promazine HCl 2286 vinpocetine whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation promethazine|diphergan|proazamine|prometazin|protazine|promethazine hydrochloride|promethazine HCl 2287 loretin promethestrol dipropionate|meprane dipropionate|methestrol dipropionate 2288 lomefloxacin A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity. Lomefloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase involved in the induction or relaxation of supercoiling during DNA replication. This inhibition leads to a decrease in DNA synthesis during bacterial replication, resulting in cell growth inhibition and eventually cell lysis. promoxolane|dimethylan|dimethylane|promoxolan 2289 benfluorex pronethalol|(+/-)-Pronethalol|naphthylisoproterenol|nethalide|pronetalol|DL-Pronethalol|pronethalol hydrochloride|pronethalol HCl 229 levocarnitine A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. apraclonidine|aplonidine|lopidine|apraclonidine hydrochloride|aminoclonidine monohydrochloride|apraclonidine HCl 2290 moquizone propacetamol|proparacetamol 2291 meloxicam Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in animal models. The mechanism of action of meloxicam, like that of other NSAIDs, may be related to prostaglandin synthetase (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibition. propafenone|propafenone hydrochloride|polfenon|(RS)-Propafenone|propafenone HCl 2292 pirenzepine An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients. 2293 epicillin semisynthetic penicillin type antibiotic; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search AMPICILLIN/AA (75-85); RN given refers to (2s(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer propantheline bromide|propantheline|propanthelinium|probanthine 2294 dipivefrine used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer proparacaine|proparacaine hydrochloride|ophthaine|proxymetacaine|proparacaine HCl 2295 tamibarotene has retinoid-binding activity propatylnitrate|propatyl nitrate|etrynit|ettriol trinitrate 2296 pipoxolan synonyms BR-18 & rowapraxin refer to HCl; structure propentofylline|propentophylline 2297 tazarotene a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic propicillin|phenoxypropylpenicillin 2298 phenadoxone largon|propiomazine|propionylpromethazine|propiomazine hydrochloride|propiomazine HCl 2299 adinazolam Bay 4503|dirame|propiram|propiram fumarate 230 oxydibutanol emend|aprepitant|L-754030 2300 sulmarin propiverine hydrochloride|propiverine|propiverine HCl 2301 triflupromazine A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic. propizepine|propiezepine|propizepine hydrochloride|depressin|propizepine HCl 2302 posatirelin stimulates oxygen consumption propofol|ampofol|diprivan|disoprofol|pofol 2303 clidinium a synthetic anticholinergic agent that has antispasmodic and antisecretory effect on the gastrointestinal tract propranolol|betalong|DL-Propranolol|racemic propranolol|beta-Propranolol|propranolol hydrochloride|hemangiol|propranolol HCl 2304 epoprostenol A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY). 2305 dinoprostone The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa. propylhexedrine|benzedrex|DL-propylhexedrine|hexahydrodesoxyephedrine|hydromethamphetamine|propylhexadrine|propylhexedrin 2306 betoxycaine propyliodone|propyliodon|propiodone|dionosil 2307 encainide One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM. propylparaben|nipasol|propyl butex|propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate|propyl hydroxybenzoate|propylparabenum 2308 anileridine minor descriptor (64-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ISONIPECOTIC ACIDS (68-86); RN given refers to parent cpd propylthiouracil|6-n-Propylthiouracil|procasil|propacil|prothiurone 2309 quinbolone yoshipyrin|propyphenazone|isopropchin|isopropylantipyrin|isopropylantipyrine|isopropylphenazone|isopropyrine|propyfenazone|propifenazone 231 nicotine Devices or delivery systems used to aid in ending a TOBACCO habit. aprindine|aprindin|aprinidine|aprindine hydrochloride|aprindine HCl|amidonal|fiboran 2310 halazepam diaspasmol|diaspasmyl|propyromazine bromide|propyromazine 2311 griseofulvin An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections. proquazone|anthrex|biarison 2312 acenocoumarol A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233) NSC-72274|proreside|mitopodozide|podophyllic acid ethylhydrazide|proresid|proresipar 2315 dioxaphetyl butyrate prothipendyl hydrochloride|prothipendyl|phrenotropin|dominal|prothipendyl HCl 2316 methysergide An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome. protirelin tartrate|protirelin|lopremone|rifathyroin|rifotironin|TRH 2317 motretinide exerts a therapeutic influence on chemically induced papillomas & carcinomas of the skin in mice; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure protizinic acid|pirocrid|prothizinic acid 2318 acetylmethadol A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. protochilolo|protokylol|caytine|protochylol|ventaire|protokylol hydrochloride|JB-251|protokylol HCl|asmetil 2319 levomethadyl acetate protoverine|6alpha-Hydroxygermine 2320 isopropamide protriptyline|protryptyline|triptil|protriptyline hydrochloride|protriptyline HCl 2321 butizide 3-isobutyl analog of hydrochlorothiazide; structure proxazole|propoxaline|proxazole citrate|proxazol|propazoline 2322 idoxuridine An analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent. proxibarbal|centralgol|hydroxydial|ipronal|proxibarbital 2323 quinfamide proxyphylline|hydroxypropyltheophylline|monophylline|oxypropyltheophylline|proxiphylline|purophyllin|beta-Hydroxypropyltheophylline 2324 aceclofenac prozapine maleate|prozapine|hexadiphane 2325 valganciclovir Valganciclovir is an L-valyl ester (prodrug) of ganciclovir that exists as a mixture of two diastereomers. After oral administration, both diastereomers are rapidly converted to ganciclovir by intestinal and hepatic esterases. Ganciclovir is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, which inhibits replication of human CMV in cell culture and in vivo. prulifloxacin|NM441 2326 phenolsulfonphthalein Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems. pseudoephedrine|(+)-Pseudoephedrine|pseudophedrine sulphate|pseudoephedrine hydrochloride|pseudoephedrine sulfate|pseudoephedrine HCl|pseudoephedrine polistirex 2327 isofezolac pyrathiazine theoclate|pyrathiazine monohydrochloride|pyrathiazine HCl|pyrathiazine|parathiazine 2328 seratrodast has thromboxane A2 & prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonistic action pyrazinecarboxamide|pyrazinamide|2-pyrazinecarboxamide|pyramizade|alpha-pyrazinamide|zinamide 2329 yohimbine A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. pyricarbate|anginin|anginine|angioxine|pyridinol carbamate|prodectin 233 carsalam 2330 vincamine A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders. pyridostigmine|pyridostigmine bromide|pyridostigmine iodide 2331 hexamidine pyrilamine|pyrilamine maleate|pyranisamine|mepyramine 2332 bevonium pyrimethamine|chloridin|chloridine|diaminopyritamin|pirimecidan|pirimetamin|pyrimethamin 2333 pipenzolate pyritinol|bonifen|dipyridoxolyl disulfide|encefabol|piritinol|pyridoxine disulfide|pyrithioxin|Vitamin B6 disulfide 2334 benzilonium pyrrobutamine phosphate|pyrrobutamine diphosphate|pyronil|pyrrobutamine 2335 sultopride pyrvinium pamoate|pyrvinium embonate|viprynium embonate|viprynium|pyrvinium 2336 dinoprost A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions. Sch-16134|Sch 16134|quazepam|quazium|prosedar 2337 alprostadil A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow. quetiapine|quetiapine fumarate|quetiapine hemifumarate|ICI 204,636|seroquel 2338 etretinate An oral retinoid used in the treatment of keratotic genodermatosis, lichen planus, and psoriasis. Beneficial effects have also been claimed in the prophylaxis of epithelial neoplasia. The compound may be teratogenic. quinacrin|quinacrine|mepacrine|atabrine|acrinamine|acriquine|quinacrine dihydrochloride hydrate|quinacrine dihydrochloride|quinacrine hydrochloride|quinacrine HCl 2339 eprozinol quinagolide|norprolac 234 tiopronin Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. aranidipine|sapresta 2340 rioprostil A synthetic methylprostaglandin E1 analog that reduces gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. It is effective in the therapy of gastric ulcers and gives significant protection against NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage. The drug also prevents cyclosporin A-induced damage to endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretions. It shows a low order of acute toxicity and there is no evidence of embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, teratogenicity, or mutagenicity in animal studies. quinapril|ectren|koretic|quinapril hydrochloride|quinapril HCl 2341 xipamide A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action. quinestradol|quinestradiol 2342 repirinast quinestrol|estrovis|estrovister|plestrovis 2343 succinylsulfathiazole intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure quinethazone|quimethazin|quinethazon|quinethazonum 2344 moperone quinfamide|amenide|amenox 2345 benzomethamine quingestanol acetate 2346 tinofedrine improves cerebral and peripheral blood flow quincardine|quinidine polygalacturonate|quinidine sulfate dihydrate|quinidine|quinidine sulfate|quinidine gluconate|chinidin|conchinin|conchinine|conquinine|quindine|pitayine|beta-Quinidine|quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate|quinidine hydrochloride|quinidine HCl 2347 plafibride morpholino-methylurea analog of clofibric acid 2348 tiaramide NTA-194, solantal, FK 1160 refer to mono-HCl salt; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure quinupramine monohydrochloride|quinupramine hydrochloride|quinupramine HCl|quinupramine tartrate|quinupramine|kevopril|kinupril 2349 amodiaquine A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties. quinupristin mesilate|quinupristin|quinupristin mesylate 235 acetylcysteine The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates. N-Acetylcystene (NAC) as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione modulates glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory pathways. The potential applications of NAC to facilitate recovery after traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and in treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. arbekacin|AHB-DKB|HABA-DKB|habekacin 2350 bithionol Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations. sodium rabeprazole|rabeprazole|rabeprazole sodium|habeprazole|aciphex|rabeprazole sodium salt 2351 pipobroman An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation. raloxifene|keoxifene|raloxifene hydrochloride|evista|raloxifene HCl 2352 thiamphenicol A methylsulfonyl analog of CHLORAMPHENICOL. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent. MK0518|isentress|raltegravir|raltegravir potassium|MK-0518 2353 sulindac A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects. raltitrexed|tomudex|D-1694|ICI-D1694|ZD-1694 2355 niaprazine selective brain catecholamine depletor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure ramelteon|rozerem|TAK-375 2356 pioglitazone Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that depends on the presence of insulin for its mechanism of action. Pioglitazone decreases insulin resistance in the periphery and in the liver resulting in increased insulin-dependent glucose disposal and decreased hepatic glucose output. Pioglitazone is not an insulin secretagogue. Pioglitazone is an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). PPAR receptors are found in tissues important for insulin action such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Activation of PPAR-gamma nuclear receptors modulates the transcription of a number of insulin responsive genes involved in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism. HOE498|HOE-498|ramipril 2357 hycanthone Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE. YM-060|ramosetron|ibsetron hydrochloride|ibsetron|ramosetron hydrochloride|irribow|ibsetron HCl|ramosetron HCl 2358 quinestradol zantac|zenetac|ranitidine hydrochloride|ranitidine HCl|ranitidine 2359 estradiol valerate The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids ranolazine hydrochloride|ranolazine|ranexa|renexa|ranolazine HCl 236 pentorex 2360 dopexamine OPC-12759|rebamipide|proamipide|mucosta 2361 tevenel sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure reboxetine mesilate|reboxetine mesylate|edronax|reboxetine|norebox|reboxitine 2362 balsalazide a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine CVT-3146|rapiscan|regadenoson|lexiscan 2363 droxicam remifentanil|remifentanyl|ramifentanyl|remifentanil hydrochloride|remifentanil HCl 2364 tolrestat 2365 etersalate remoxipride|(S)-Remoxipride|remoxipride hydrochloride|remoxipride HCl 2366 cafedrine repaglinide|(S)-(+)-Repaglinide|prandin|enyglid|surepost 2367 cinacalcet Cinacalcet is a calcimimetic agent that increases the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptor to activation by extracellular calcium. It directly lowers PTH levels by increasing the sensitivity of the calcium sensing receptor to extracellular calcium. The reduction in PTH is associated with a concomitant decrease in serum calcium levels. repirinast|romet 2368 rosiglitazone A thiazolidinedione that functions as a selective agonist for PPAR GAMMA. It improves INSULIN SENSITIVITY in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver of patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. reproterol|reproterol hydrochloride|reproterol HCl|reproterol monohydrochloride|epiferol 2369 nalbuphine A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS. rescinnamine|cinnaloid|methyl trimethoxycinnamoylreserpate|rescinnamin|rescisan|resealoid|reserpinine|scinnamina|moderil 237 mephentermine A sympathomimetic agent with specificity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain BLOOD PRESSURE in hypotensive states such as following SPINAL ANESTHESIA. genesa|arbutamine|arbutamine hydrochloride|arbutamine HCl 2370 oxybutynin Oxybutynin acts as a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at post-ganglionic muscarinic receptors, resulting in relaxation of bladder smooth muscle. Oxybutynin is a racemic (50:50) mixture of R- and S-isomers. Antimuscarinic activity resides predominantly in the R-isomer. The R-isomer of oxybutynin shows greater selectivity for the M1 and M3 muscarinic subtypes (predominant in bladder detrusor muscle and parotid gland) compared to the M2 subtype (predominant in cardiac tissue). reserpine|deserpine|elserpine|rauwasedin|rivasin|serpine 2371 cinolazepam retapamulin|altabax|altargo|mutilin|retpamulin|SB275833|SB-275833 2372 indomethacin A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. Additional data needed to determine whether in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 corresponds with clinical efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. retinyl acetate|QLT091001|retinol acetate|Vitamin A acetate 2373 clometacin ribavirin|ribamide|ribamidil|ribavarin|tribavirin 2374 setastine riboflavin sodium phosphate|RIBOFLAVIN 5'-PHOSPHATE SODIUM|riboflavin phosphate|vitamin B2 phosphate|riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)|flavin mononucleotide 2375 chlorisondamine A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications. 2376 bendamustine A nitrogen mustard compound that functions as an ALKYLATING ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT and is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA and NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA. rifabutin|ansamycin|mycobutin|rifabutine 2377 prednisone A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver. rifampicin|rifampin|refampicin|rifadin|rifadine|rifaldazine|rifaldin|rifaprodin 2378 itopride rifapentine|DL473 2379 cimetropium rifaximine|rifaximin|xifaxan|refaximin 238 etilamfetamine 2380 cilastatin A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. 450191-S|rilmazafone|rilmazafone hydrochloride|rilmazafone hydrochloride hydrate|rhythmy|rilmazafone HCl 2381 dimethoxanate rilmenidine|oxaminozoline|rilmenidene|rilmenidine phosphate|rilmenidine dihydrogen phosphate 2382 potassium canrenoate A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity. riluzole|rilutek|rilutor|6-Trifluoromethoxybenzothiazol-2-ylamine|riluzole hydrochloride|riluzole HCl|RP54274|RP-54274 2384 feclemine rimexolone|rimexel|trimexolone 2385 etoricoxib A sulfone and pyridine derivative that acts as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. It is used as a NSAID for the treatment of pain associated with RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS. It is also used for the short-term treatment of moderate postoperative dental pain. rimiterol hydrobromide|rimoterol|rimiterol 2386 capecitabine A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER. CI-683|CI 683|ripazepam|pyrazapon 2387 phentetramine risedronate sodium hemi-pentahydrate|risedronate sodium monohydrate|risedronate sodium anhydrous|risedronate sodium hydrate|sodium risedronate|sodium risedronate hydrate|risedronic acid|risedronate|risedronate sodium|actonel|risedronic acid monosodium salt|risedronic acid monohydrate 2388 grepafloxacin r-isoprenaline|L-Isoproterenol|levisoprenaline 239 trichloroacetic acid A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts. argatroban|argatroban sodium|argatroban hydrate|novastan|argatroban monohydrate 2390 adicillin DU21220|yutopar|ritodrine|lavopa|ritodrine hydrochloride|ritodrine HCl 2391 rabeprazole A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. ABT538|ABT-538|ritonavir|norvir 2392 cyclomethycaine prometax|rivastigmine|S-Rivastigmine|rivastigmine tartrate|rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate|rivastigmine hexal|exelon 2393 captodiame Captodiamine represents an interesting strategy for achieving benzodiazepine substitution with a low risk of dependence or impairment of cognitive function MK-0462|rizatriptan|risatriptan|rizatriptan benzoate 2394 triclabendazole Benzimidazole antiplatyhelmintic agent that is used for the treatment of FASCIOLIASIS and PARAGONIMIASIS. 2395 methylclothiazide A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825) rociverine|rilaten 2396 nitrendipine A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive. ORG-9426|ORG 9426|rocuronium|rocuronium bromide|zemuron|esmeron 2397 (S)-nitrendipine rofecoxib|vioxx|ceeoxx 2398 nadifloxacin (R)-isomer does not induce chromosomal aberrations, unlike (S)-isomer; structure given in first source rokitamycin|Propionylleucomycin A5|ricamycin 2399 prednisolone A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. synterin|rolitetracycline 24 lactic acid A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed) phenylbutyrate|sodium 4-phenylbutanoate|sodium 4-phenylbutyrate|phenylbutanoic acid|buphenyl|pheburane|benzenebutyric acid|4-Phenylbutanoic acid|4-Phenylbutyric acid|gamma-Phenylbutanoic acid|sodium phenylbutyrate|relyvrio 240 phenylbutanoic acid Approved in combination with taurursodiol, as relyvrio, for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in adults.The mechanism by which relyvrio exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with ALS is unknown. 2400 cortisone acetate A naturally occurring glucocorticoid that has been used in replacement therapy for ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive; it is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726) romurtide|muroctasin|muroctasine|nopia 2401 aldosterone A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. ronifibrate|cloprane 2402 scopolamine butylbromide Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. ropinirol|requip|ropinirole|ropinirole hydrochloride|ropinirole HCl 2403 iloprost An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. ropivacaine|(-)-Ropivacaine|anapeine|naropeine|naropine|S-Ropivacaine|ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate|ropivacaine hydrochloride|ropivacaine HCl 2404 drostanolone propionate synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer rosaprostol|(+/-)-Rosaprostol 2405 cetalkonium chloride rosiglitazone|rosiglitazone maleate|rosiglizole|rosiglitazone hydrochloride|rosiglitazone HCl 2406 ethyl loflazepate rosuvastatin|rosuvastatin calcium|crestor|rosuvastatin zinc|ZD4522 2407 fenofibrate An antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood. rotigotine|neupro|leganto|(S)-(-)-Rotigotine 2408 haletazole roxatidine acetate|aceroxatidine|pifatidine|roxatidine acetate hydrochloride|roxatidine acetate HCl 2409 ofloxacin A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION. 241 fenipentol stimulates plasma secretion & exocrine pancreatic secretion 2410 levofloxacin The L-isomer of Ofloxacin. roxithromycin|rotramin|claramid|roxacin|roxeptin|Roxithromycin A 2411 bisacodyl A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871) rubitecan|9-Nitrocamptothecin|orathecin 2412 haloprogin minor descriptor (73-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENYL ETHERS (73-86) rufloxacin hydrochloride|rufloxacin hydrobromide|MF-934|rufloxacin 2414 metampicillin ademetionin|methioninyl adenylate|s-adenosylmethionine|ademetionine|donamet 2415 carbocromen A coronary vasodilator agent. salicylamide|salicylic acid amide|2-carbamoylphenol|2-hydroxybenzamide 2416 octocrylene ingredient in sunscreens and cosmetics choline salicylate|choline subsalicylate|salicylic acid|2-Carboxyphenol|2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid|2-Hydroxybenzoic acid|imidazole salicylate|sodium salicylate|morpholine salicylate|potassium salicylate 2417 prenoxdiazine 2418 bezafibrate An antilipemic agent that lowers CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES. It decreases LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and increases HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. salizid|nilazid|salicylaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone|salicylidene isonicotinoylhydrazone|salinazid|salizide 2419 fosphenytoin serevent|salmeterol|salmeterol xinafoate 242 methiosulfonium chloride aripiprazole hydrate|aripiprazole|abilify|arpizol|pripiprazole|OPC-14597 2420 phthalylsulfacetamide salsalate|salicylic acid salicylate|disalicylic acid|salicyl salicylate|salicyloxysalicylic acid|salicyloylsalicylic acid|salicylsalicylic acid|sasapyrine 2421 protirelin 2422 piretanide potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure invirase|saquinavir methanesulfonate|saquinavir|sequinavir|fortovase|saquinavir mesylate|saquinavir mesilate 2423 revaprazan proton pump inhibitor anplag|MCI-9042|sarpogrelate|sarpogrelate hydrochloride|sarpogrelate HCl 2424 hydrocortisone The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. scopolamine|scopolamine hydrobromide|hyoscine|levo-duboisine|scopoderm|scopolamine hydrochloride|scopolamine HCl 2425 solifenacin A quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE. 2426 dexetimide A muscarinic antagonist that has been used to treat neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Benzetimide is the (-)-enantimorph of dexetimide. Osteo D|secalciferol 2428 viminol proposed as antitussive or analgesic; occurs as six stereoisomer with differing action; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ETHANOLAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation secobarbital|evronal|hypotrol|immenox|meballymal|quinalbarbital|quinalbarbitone|quinobarbitone|secobarbitone|secobarbital sodium 2429 mexazolam selegiline|(-)-deprenil|(-)-deprenyl|(-)-selegiline|(r)-(-)-deprenyl|(r)-selegiline|anipryl|l-deprenyl|selegina|selgene|zelapar|selegiline hydrochloride|selegiline HCl 243 methoxyflurane An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180) arotinolol|arotinolol hydrochloride|arotinolol HCl 2430 cefadroxil Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative. 2431 rufloxacin 2432 talinolol Talinolol is a beta1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist well known for its cardioprotective and antihypertensive activity. By blocking beta1-adrenergic receptors, talinolol delays the conduction of stimuli in the AV node, reduces the sino-atrial conduction time, and impedes the sinus node automaticity. seratrodast|seratodrast|bronica 2433 opipramol A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE. sermorelin acetate|sermorelin|somatoliberin 2434 lapyrium chloride sertaconazole|FI 7045|sertaconazole nitrate|FI-7045 2435 etofibrate analog of clofibrate with nicotinic acid substituted on the 2-carbon of the ethyl ester group; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd sertindole hydrochloride|sertindole HCl|Lu-23-174|Lu 23-174|sertindole|serdolect|zerdol 2436 diaziquone sertraline|sertraline hydrochloride|sertraline HCl 2437 pheneticillin pheneticillin (feneticillin) is an oral acid resistant penicillin analogous to penicillin V with a range of antimicrob activity similar to penicillin G setastinum|EGYT-2062|setastine 2438 bumetanide A sulfamyl diuretic. tecipul|Org-8282|setiptiline|teciptilline|setiptiline maleate 2439 cyclofenil A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE. sevoflurane|sevoflo|sevofluran|sevofrane|sevorane 244 atrolactamide trisenox|arsenic trioxide|arsenic oxide|arsenious oxide|arsenious trioxide|white arsenic 2440 tribuzone antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search PHENYLBUTAZONE/AA (75-85); Index Medicus search PYRAZOLES (75-80), PHENYLBUTAZONE/AA (81-85) sibutramine|(+/-)-Sibutramine|didemethyl sibutramine hydrochloride|racemic sibutramine|sibutramine hydrochloride|sibutramine hydrochloride hydrate|BTS 54524|didemethyl sibutramine HCl|sibutramine HCl|didesmethylsibutramine 2441 quinestrol The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011) mysildecard|sildenafil|sildenafil citrate|revatio 2442 benzoxonium chloride 2443 suclofenide silymarin 2444 clostebol acetate simfibrate|cholesolvin|clofibric acid trimethylene ester 2445 fludarabine phosphate simvastatin|sinvacor|simvastol 2446 clofoctol sirolimus|rapamycin|rapammune|rapamune|supralimus|rapalimus|AY22989|AY-22989 2447 cefroxadine orally active, broad spectrum cephalosporin sisomicin|rickamicin|siseptin|sisomicin sulfate 2448 amoxicillin A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration. sitagliptin|sitagliptin phosphate|januvia|ristaben|sitagliptin phosphate hydrate|sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate|MK-0431|MK 0431|sitagliptin monophosphate monohydrate|sitagliptin phosphate anhydrous|sitagliptin hydrochloride monohydrate 2449 alkofanone DU-6859a|sitafloxacin sesquihydrate|sitafloxacin|gracevit|sitafloxacin hydrate|DU-6859 2450 caroverine 2451 periciazine angelicin|azuprostat|betaprost|prostasal|quebrachol|sitosterol|alpha-Dihydrofucosterol|beta-Sitosterin|beta-Sitosterol|SITOSTEROL, BETA- 2452 trimetaphan A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery. sivelestat sodium hydrate|elaspol|sivelestat sodium|sivelestat 2453 clinafloxacin 2454 metolazone Metolazone is a quinazoline diuretic, with properties generally similar to the thiazide diuretics. The actions of metolazone result from interference with the renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. Metolazone acts primarily to inhibit sodium reabsorption at the cortical diluting site and to a lesser extent in the proximal convoluted tubule. Sodium and chloride ions are excreted in approximately equivalent amounts. The increased delivery of sodium to the distal tubular exchange site results in increased potassium excretion. Metolazone does not inhibit carbonic anhydrase. A proximal action of metolazone has been shown in humans by increased excretion of phosphate and magnesium ions and by a markedly increased fractional excretion of sodium in patients with severely compromised glomerular filtration. This action has been demonstrated in animals by micropuncture studies. cyclidrol|sobrerol|pinol hydrate|sobrepin|6,8-Carvomenthenediol|cutepin|ciclidrol|pinolhydrat|DL-trans-sobrelol 2455 indapamide A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. sobuzoxane|MST-16|perazolin 2457 cyclovalone is a synthetic curcumin derivative YM-67905|YM-905|solifenacin|solifenacin succinate|vesicare 2459 ilaprazole BAY 43-9006|BAY 545-9085|BAY-545-9085|sorafenib tosilate|sorafenib|nexavar|sorafenib tosylate 246 phenylalanine An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE. artemotil|arteether|dihydroartemisinin ethyl ether|dihydroqinghaosu ethyl ether 2460 glibornuride was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion sorbinicate|glucitol hexanicotinate 2461 drospirenone a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source. It is used in combination with estetrol (nextstellis) as oral contraceptive. 2462 piminodine D-Sorbitol|sorbitol|(-)-Sorbitol|D-Glucitol|glucarine|L-Gulitol 2463 bepridil A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. sorivudine|brovavir|bravavir 2464 atovaquone A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols. sotalol|DL-Sotalol|sotalol hydrochloride|sotylize|sotalol HCl 2465 pitofenone sodium myristyl sulfate|sotradecol sodium|n-tetradecyl sulfate|sodium 1-tetradecanol sulfate|myristyl sulfate|sodium n-tetradecyl sulfate|sodium tetradecane sulfate 2466 dioxyline sparfloxacin|sparcin|PD 131501|AT-4140|CI-978 2467 bambuterol selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase sparteine|lupinidin|lupinidine|(-)-Sparteine|spartein|l-Sparteine|sparteine sulfate 2468 tiracizine spectinomycin hydrochloride|spectinomycin|actinospectacin|espectinomicina|spectacin|spectam|togamycin|trobicin|spectinomycin dihydrochloride|spectinomycin HCl|spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate|spectinomycin hydrochloride pentahydrate|spectinomycin sulfate tetrahydrate 2469 phenoperidine A narcotic analgesic partly metabolized to meperidine in the liver. It is similar to morphine in action and used for neuroleptanalgesia, usually with droperidol. spiclomazine hydrochloride|spiclomazine|clospirazine|spiclomazine HCl 247 ethenzamide artesunate|arinate|arsuamoon|arsumax|artesunic acid|cosunate|dihydroqinghasu hemsuccinate|artesunate amivas 2470 fenbutrazate spiperone|spiroperidol|spiroperidone|spiropitan 2471 propiverine anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome Foromacidine A|Spiramycin I|Leucomycin V 2472 blonanserin Spiramycin II|acetylspiramycin|Foromacidin B|Foromacidine B|Spiramycin 2 2473 cefaclor Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN. Spiramycin C|Spiramycin III|Foromacidin C|Foromacidine C|Spiramycin 3 2474 prucalopride a 5-HT4 agonist enterokinetic compound spirapril|spirapril hydrochloride|renormax|spirapril HCl 2475 diacerein chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase spironolactone|abbolactone|aldactone|aldopur|berlactone|euteberol|quimolactona|spirolactone 2476 cyclarbamate spizofurone|maon|AG 629 2477 perindopril An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure. stanozolol|androstanazol|androstanazole|androstanazolestanazol|estazol|stanazolol|tevabolin 2478 pyritinol A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity. zerit|stavudine|sanilvudine|staduvine 2479 prasterone sulfate The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. stepronin monosodium|stepronin sodium|stepronin monosodium salt|stepronine lysine|stepronine lysine salt|tiofacic|stepronin|prostenoglycine 248 benzocaine A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS. aspoxicillin 2480 propantheline A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking. estiripentol|stiripentol|diacomit 2481 carboprost A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREGNANCY. streptomycin|streptomycin sulfate 2482 cinnarizine A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS. Streptomycin B|mannosidostreptomycin|mannosylstreptomycin 2483 cethexonium streptozocin|estreptozocin|streptozoticin|streptozotocin|zanosar 2484 ketazolam strychnine|Strychnidin-10-one|(-)-Strychnine|strychnin|strychnine hydrochloride|strychnine sulfate|strychnine HCl 2485 etofenamate styramate|beta-Hydroxyphenethyl carbamate|styramat|2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl carbamate|sinaxar 2486 fleroxacin A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE. succimer|meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid|meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid 2487 lansoprazole A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. butanedioic acid|succinic acid 2488 sulfadiasulfone 2489 trimetrexate A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect. suxamethonium chloride|succinylcholine|suxamethonium|dicholine succinate|succinic acid dicholine diester|succinocholine|succinoylcholine|succinylbischoline|succinylcholine chloride 249 pholedrine R 43 512|astemizole|astemisan|hismanal|histazol 2490 bulaquine succinylsulfathiazole|cremosuxidine|kaoxidin|kaoxidine|succinylsulphathiazole|sulfadigesin|sulfasuccidin|sulfasuccidine|sulfasuccinil|sulfasuccithiazole|sulfasuxidine|sulfenterone 2491 cilostazol A quinoline and tetrazole derivative that acts as a phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor, with anti-platelet and vasodilating activity. It is used in the treatment of PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; and in the prevention of stroke. sulfentanyl|sulfentanil|sulfentanil citrate|sufentanil|sufentanil citrate 2492 amisulpride A benzamide derivative that is used as an antipsychotic agent for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is also used as an antidepressive agent. sulbactam|penicillanic acid dioxide|sulbactam sodium 2493 norgestimate sulbactam pivoxil|sulbactam pivoxyl 2494 diprafenone sulbutiamin|sulbuthiamine|youvitan|sulbutiamine|vitaberin|bisibutiamine 2495 prajmalium A derivative of the rauwolfia alkaloid AJMALINE. It is an anti-arrhythmia agent, but may cause liver damage. sulconazole mononitrate|sulconazole|sulconazole nitrate 2496 tripamide sulfacarbamide|sulfanilcarbamid|sulfanilylurea|sulfaurea|sulphacarbamide|sulphaurea|urosulfan|urosulfane 2497 flavodic acid capillary protective agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure sulfacetamide|acetosulfamin|acetosulfamine|formosulfacetamide|N-Acetylsulfanilamide|N-Sulfanilylacetamide|sulfacet|sulfacetimide|sulphacetamide|sulfacetamide sodium|sulfacetamide sodic hydrate 2498 parecoxib Parecoxib is a prodrug of valdecoxib. Valdecoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor within the clinical dose range. Cyclooxygenase is responsible for generation of prostaglandins. Two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, have been identified. COX-2 is the isoform of the enzyme that has been shown to be induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and has been postulated to be primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoid mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever. sulfachlorpyridazine|sulpirazina|sulfochlorpyridazine|sulfarene|sulfaclorazina|sulfachloropyridazine|sodium sulfachlorpyridazine 2499 hydroxyestrone diacetate sulfacytine|renoquid|sulfacitine 25 glycerol A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent. 5-azacytidine|azacitidine|azacytidine|ladakamycin|ledakamycin|vidaza|U-18496 250 pseudoephedrine A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion. astromicin sulfate|astromicin|fortimicin a|Antibiotic KW 1070 2501 elcometrine sulfadimethoxine|neostreptal|suldixine|sulfabon|sulfadimethoxin|sulfadimethoxydiazin|sulfadimetoxin|sulfadimetoxine|sulfadimoxine 2502 nomegestrol acetate sulfadimidine|sulfamethazine|sulfadimerazine|sulfadimethyldiazine|sulfamethazine sodium|sulfamethazine sodium salt|sodium sulfamethazine|sulfamethazine bisulfate 2503 oxypendyl fanasil|sulfadoxine|orthosulfin|sulfadoxin|sulformethoxine|sulformetoxin|sulformetoxine|sulforthodimethoxine|sulforthomidine 2504 rimexolone Rimexolone is a corticosteroids indicated for the treatment of postoperative inflammation following ocular surgery and in the treatment of anterior uveitis. Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents of a mechanical, chemical, or immunological nature. They inhibit edema, cellular infiltration, capillary dilatation, fibroblastic proliferation, deposition of collagen and scar formation associated with inflammation. Placebo-controlled clinical studies demonstrated that rimexolone ophthalmic suspension is efficacious for the treatment of anterior chamber inflammation following cataract surgery. sulfaethidole|sulfaethylthiadiazole|sulfaethidol|sulfaethidiole|ethazole 2505 penmesterol sulfaguanidine|4-Aminobenzenesulfonylguanidine|abiguanil|guamide|guanicil|guanidan|sulfaguanidin|sulfaguanil|sulfaguine|sulfanilguanidine|sulfanilylguanidine|sulfentidine|sulfoguanidine|sulfoguanil|sulfoguanyl|sulfoguenil|sulphaguanidine 2506 thioridazine A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA. sulfaguanole|enterocura|sulfaguanol 2507 rebamipide Rebamipide is a mucosal protective agent and is postulated to increase gastric blood flow, prostaglandin biosynthesis and decrease free oxygen radicals. 2508 azosemide sulfaloxic acid|sulphaloxic acid 2509 lorcainide sulfamazone sodium|sulfamazone 251 ephedrine A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists. 2510 remoxipride An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. sulfamerazine|sulphamerazine|cremomerazine|methylsulfazine|metilsulfadiazin|sulfamerazin 2511 azaribine pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides sulfamethoxydiazine|methoxypyrimal|sulfameter|sulfamethoxine|sulfamethoxydin|sulfamethoxypyrimidine|sulfametin|sulfametorine|sulfametoxydiazine|sulphamethoxydiazine 2512 nedocromil A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets. sulfamethizole|sulfamethiazole|sulfamethizol|sulfamethylthiadiazole|sulphamethizole|sulfurine 2513 isradipine A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. sulfamethomidine|duroprocin|methofadin|methofazine|sulfametomidine 2514 amocarzine sulfamethoxazole|sulfamethalazole|sulfamethoxazol|sulfisomezole|sulphamethoxazole 2515 tamoxifen One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM. sulfamethoxypyridazine|spofadazine|sulfalex|sulfapiridazin|sulfapyridazine|sulfdurazin|sulphamethoxypyridazine 2516 arotinolol methylsulfathiazole|sulfamethylthiazole|sulfazol|sulfazole 2517 camazepam sulphamethopyrazine|sulfamethopyrazine|sulfamethoxypyrazine|sulfametopyrazine|sulfapyrazinemethoxine|sulfapyrazinemethoxyine|sulfapyrazinemethoxyne|sulfalene 2518 lornoxicam sulfametrole 2519 trazodone A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309) daimeton|sulfamonomethoxine|sulfamonomethoxin 252 chloral hydrate A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA. asulacrine|amsalog 2520 exisulind inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization sulfamoxole|oxasulfa|sulfabutin|sulfadimethyloxazole|sulfamoxolum|sulfmidil|tardamide|tardamid 2521 medroxalol sulfanilamide|4-Aminobenzene-1-sulfonamide|4-Aminobenzenesulfonamide|sulfamidyl|sulfamine|sulfana|sulfanalone|sulfanidyl|sulfonamide|sulfonylamide|sulphanilamide|sulphonamide 2522 aminoquinuride sulfaperin|5-Methylsulfadiazine|demosulfan|isosulfamerazine|sulfaperine|sulfatreis 2523 prednylidene sulfaphenazole|sulfabid|sulfaphenazol|sulfaphenazon|sulfaphenylpyrazole|sulphaphenazole|sulfafenazol 2524 meprednisone sulfapyridine|piridazol|pirodazole|plurazol|pyridazol|streptosilpyridine|sulfidin|sulfidine|sulphapyridine 2525 desoxycorticosterone acetate The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone. salazosulfapyridine|salicylazosulfapyridine|sulphasalazine|azulfidine|sulfasalazine 2526 nabilone cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure sulfasomidine|sulfadimetine|sulfaisodimerazine|sulfamethine|sulfasomidin|sulfisomidin|sulfisomidine|sulphasomidine|sulphisomidine|sulfaisodimidine 2527 anagestone acetate sulfathiazole|norsulfasol|norsulfazol|norsulfazole|sulfanilamidothiazole|sulfathiazol|sulphathiazole|thiozamide|thiazamide 2528 finasteride An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. sulfinpyrazone|diphenylpyrazone|sulfinpyrazon|sulfoxyphenylpyrazolidine|sulphinpyrazone|sulfoxyphenylpyrazolidin 2529 oxametacin sulfafurazole diolamine|sulfisoxazole|alphazole|soxomide|sulfadimethylisoxazole|sulfafurazol|sulfafurazole|sulfaisoxazole|sulfazin|sulfisoxazol|sulfisoxazole dialamine|sulphafurazole|sulfisoxazole diolamine 253 tetrachloroethylene A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. tipepidine hibenzate|asverin|tipedine|tipepidine 2530 glafenine An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain. 2531 deferasirox A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA. sulfobromophthalein|sulphobromophthalein sodium|bromosulfophthalein|bromosulphalein|sodium sulfobromophthalein|phenoltetrabromophthaleinsulfonate|bromsulfophthalein|tetrabromsulfthalein 2533 prasugrel A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS. aldesulfone sodium|aldapsone|sodium aldesulphone|aldesulfone|sodium sulfoxone|sulfoxone sodium|sulfoxone|diasone sodium 2534 bunazosin MK231|MK-231|MK 231|clinoril|sulindac 2535 clebopride antidopaminergic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure sulisatin 2536 prochlorperazine A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612) suloctidil|dulcotil|fluversin|loctidon|suloctidyl|sulodene 2537 trospectomycin active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer sulpiride|sulpirid|sulpitil|sulpyrid|sursumid 2538 methylprednisolone A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action. sulproston|sulprostone 2539 cicaprost sultamicillin|sultamicillin tosilate 2540 artisone acetate sulthiame|sulphenyltame|sulphenytame|sulphthiame|sulthiam|sulthiamine|sultiame|sultiam|trolone 2541 cyproterone acetate An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites. sultopride HCl|sultopride hydrochloride|sultopride|barnetil|(+/-)-Sultopride 2542 hydroxyzine A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative. sultosilic acid|mimedran 2543 theodrenaline GR43175|GR 43175|sumatriptan|sumatriptan succinate 2544 gatifloxacin A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS. sunitinib|sunitinib malate|sutent|SU-011248|SU-010398|PHA-290940AD 2545 azidocillin antibiotic similir to ampicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search PENICILLIN G/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*))-isomer) suplatast tosylate|suplatast|suplatast tosilate 2546 pipamperone suprofen|masterfen|(+/-)-Suprofen|profenol|racemic suprofen|sutoprofen|suprofen RS 2547 tiagabine The precise mechanism by which tiagabine exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed to be related to its ability to block GABA uptake into presynaptic neurons, permitting more GABA to be available for receptor binding on the surfaces of post-synaptic cells. suxibuzone|calibene|danilon|suxibutazone|4-Hydroxymethylbutazolidine hemisuccinate 2548 haloperidol A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) secretin synthetic human|human secretin|Secretin (human)|Secretin (swine), 15-L-glutamic acid-16-glycine-|secretin|secretin human 2549 bromhexine A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744) 2550 riboflavin Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE and FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE. syrosingopine|methyl carbethoxysyringoyl reserpate|singoserp|syringopine|syrosingopin 2551 picotamide Picotamide is an antiplatelet drug with dual mechanism of action it inhibits thromboxane A2 synthase and antagonizes the pharmacological responses mediated by thromboxane A2 receptor. tacrine hydrochloride|tacrine|tetrahydroaminacrine|tetrahydroaminoacridine|tetrahydroaminocrin|tetrahydroaminocrine|cognex|tacrine HCl 2552 remifentanil Remifentanil is a mu-opioid agonist with rapid onset and peak effect, and short duration of action. FK-506|tacrolimus hydrate|tacrolimus|fujimycin|tsukubaenolide|anhydrous tacrolimus|tacrolimus anhydrous|modigraf|FR900506 2553 enalapril Enalapril, after hydrolysis to enalaprilat, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human subjects and animals. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decreased aldosterone secretion. zalutia|tadalafil|tardenafil|tildenafil|cialis|IC351 2554 fluorometholone A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732) aseocillin|talampicillin|ampicillin phthalidyl ester|talampicillin hydrochloride|talampicillin HCl 2555 fluocortolone A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders. talaporfin tetrasodium|ME-2906|NPe-6|talaporfin sodium|laserphyrin|talaporfin|N-Aspartyl chlorin e6 2556 desoximetasone A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc. profundol|5-Allyl-5-sec-butylbarbituric acid|lotusate|5-Allyl-5-(1-methylpropyl) barbituric acid|talbutal 2557 estradiol benzoate The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids talinolol|cordanum|racemic talinolol|(+/-)-Talinolol 2558 hexcarbacholine talipexole hydrochloride|talipexole HCl|domin|talipexole 2559 lauroguadine talniflumate|somalgen|BA 7602-06 256 fenoxypropazine LY139603|strattera|atomoxetine|tomoxetine|(-)-Tomoxetine|atomoxetine hydrochloride|tomoxetine hydrochloride|atomoxetine HCl|tomoxetine HCl 2560 flutazolam taltirelin hydrate|ceredist|taltirelin tetrahydrate|TA-0910|TA 0910|taltirelin 2561 haloxazolam tamoxifen|tamoxifen citrate|tamoxifene|tamoxifene citrate 2563 morazone tandospirone|tandospirone citrate|metanopirone citrate 2564 sulfinalol 2565 domitroban 2566 famprofazone tartaric acid|(R,R)-Tartaric acid|dextrotartaric acid|threaric acid 2567 ronifibrate tartrazine|tartrazol yellow 2568 etoperidone tauroflex|taurolidine|taurolin|tauroline 2569 ambroxol A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. taurosteine 257 edrophonium A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles. CI-981|CI981|atorvastatin calcium hydrate|atorvastatin calcium anhydrous|atorvastatin|atorvastatin acid|cardyl|atorvastatin calcium|atorvastatin calcium trihydrate 2570 mefloquine A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects. tazanolast|tazalest|tazanol 2571 carbenicillin Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function. tazarotene|tazorac|fabior|AGN-190168 2572 fluprednisolone A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties. tazobactam|tazobactam sodium|YTR-830|YTR 830 2573 propicillin major descriptor (64-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (64-84); Index Medicus search PROPICILLIN (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer 2574 doxapram A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225) tebipenem pivoxil|orapenem 2576 droperidol A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593) falmonox|teclozan|teclosan|teclosine|teclozine 2577 donepezil An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. tegafur-uracil|uftoral|ufur|Uracil-Futraful mixt.|youfuding 2578 celiprolol A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic symopathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. 2579 etomidoline has myolytic activity on extravascular smooth muscle tegaserod maleate|tegaserod|HTF 919|zelnorm 258 ethionamide A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. 566C80|atovaquone|mepron 2580 oxypertine teicoplanin aglycon|aglucoteicoplanin|Antibiotic A 41030B|teicoplanin aglycone 2581 cyclopenthiazide Thiazide diuretic also used as an antihypertensive agent. HMR3647|HMR-3647|RU-66647|RU 66647|HMR 3647|telithromycin|Ketek 2582 coumetarol reolase|telmesteine|muconorm|telmestein 2583 meticillin One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection. telmisartan|tolura|micardis|pritor 2584 scarlet red A 62254|temafloxacin HCl|A-62254|temafloxacin|teflox|temafloxacin hydrochloride 2585 fludrocortisone acetate A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity. temazepam|(RS)-Temazepam|levanxene|levanxol 2586 amosulalol temocapril|temocapril hydrochloride|CS-622|temocapril HCl 2587 bopindolol temocillin disodium|temocillin 2588 ecabet temoporfin|foscan|fosgel|foslipos 2589 limaprost Limaprost exerts potent effects on vasodilation, increase of blood flow and inhibition of platelet aggregation, and thereby has proven clinical effects on various ischemic symptoms such as ulcer, pain and feeling of coldness associated with thromboangiitis obliterans. temomedac|SCH 52365|temozolomide|methazolastone|temodal|temozolamide 259 orthocaine atracurium|tracrium|atracurium besylate 2590 eprazinone teniposide|tenoposide 2591 trichlormethiazide A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830) tenitramine 2592 chlorotrianisene A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen. tenofovir hydrate|tenofovir|tenefovir 2593 celecoxib A pyrazole derivative and selective CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR that is used to treat symptoms associated with RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS and JUVENILE ARTHRITIS, as well as the management of ACUTE PAIN. viread|tenofovir disoproxil|tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 2594 fendosal tenonitrozole|thenitrazole|thenitrazolum|tenonitrozol|atrican 2595 benperidol A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567) tenoxicam|mobiflex 2596 micinicate tetraprenylacetone|tetraprenyl acetone|teprenone|geranylgeranylacetone|selbex 2597 econazole An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent. terbinafine|terbinol|terbinafine hydrochloride|terbinafine HCl 2598 azelastine Azelastine hydrochloride, a phthalazinone derivative, exhibits histamine H1-receptor antagonist activity in isolated tissues, animal models, and humans. Azelastine Hydrochloride is administered as a racemic mixture with no difference in pharmacologic activity noted between the enantiomers in in vitro studies. The major metabolite, desmethylazelastine, also possesses H1-receptor antagonist activity. terbutaline|bricaril|terbutalin|brican|terbutaline sulfate|terbutaline hemisulfate 2599 mebutizide terconazole|terazol|termayazole|triaconazole|R-42470 260 aminosalicylic acid hydrazide atropine|(+/-)-Atropine|atropin|atropinum sulphuricum|DL-Hyoscyamine|tropine tropate|atropine sulfate 2600 tofisopam terfenadine|ternadin|racemic terfenadine|seldane 2601 tetrofosmin Tetrofosmin is a diagnostic agent used to assess areas of reversible myocardial ischemia in the presence or absence of infracted myocardium and is also used to assess ventricular function. terguride hydrogen maleate|dironyl|transdihydrolisuride|dironyl maleate|terguride|tergurid 2602 alpiropride terizidone|terivalidin|terizidon 2603 eletriptan Eletriptan binds with high affinity to 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT1F receptors, has modest affinity for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1E, 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptors. Migraines are likely due to local cranial vasodilatation and/or to the release of sensory neuropeptides (vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) through nerve endings in the trigeminal system. The therapeutic activity of Eletriptan for the treatment of migraine headache is thought to be due to the agonist effects at the 5-HT1B/1D receptors on intracranial blood vessels (including the arterio-venous anastomoses) and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system which result in cranial vessel constriction and inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. terodiline|dl-Terodiline|terodiline hydrochloride|terodiline HCl 2604 pyrvinium terpin|dipenteneglycol|1,4-Terpin|1,8-Terpenediol|terpin monohydrate|terpin hydrate 2606 misoprostol A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties. teslac|testolactone|fludestrin|teolit|testolacton 2607 mefruside A benzene-sulfonamide-furan. It is used as a diuretic that affects the concentrating ability of the KIDNEY, increases SODIUM CHLORIDE excretion, but may not spare POTASSIUM. It inhibits CARBONIC ANHYDRASES and may increase the blood URIC ACID level. testosterone|17beta-Testosterone 2608 loratadine A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness. testosterone undecanoate|testosterone undecylate 2609 pantoprazole Pantoprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses the final step in gastric acid production by covalently binding to the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. This effect leads to inhibition of both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, irrespective of the stimulus. The binding to the (H+, K+)-ATPase results in a duration of antisecretory effect that persists longer than 24 hours. choreazine|tetrabenazine|(+/-)-Tetrabenazine|rubigen 261 thioguanine An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia. aminoxytropine tropate|atropine aminoxide|atropine oxide|genatropine|Atropine N-oxide|atropine oxyde 2611 ceftizoxime A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic which can be administered intravenously or by suppository. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It has few side effects and is reported to be safe and effective in aged patients and in patients with hematologic disorders. achromycin|tetracycline phosphate complex|tetracycline metaphosphate|tetracycline|tetracycline hydrochloride|tetracycline HCl|tetracycline phosphate 2612 veralipride used in treatment of menopausal disorders; RN given refers to parent cpd sapropterin hydrochloride|tetrahydrobiopterin|sapropterin|sapropterin dihydrochloride|kuvan|sapropterin HCl 2613 meropenem an antibacterial drug readily penetrates the cell wall of most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to reach penicillin-binding-protein (PBP) targets, the bactericidal activity of meropenem results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis 2614 tandospirone tetrazepam|myolastan 2615 quetiapine A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. piritrexin|tetroxoprim 2616 brinzolamide an antiglaucoma agent thalidomide|(+/-)-Thalidomide|thalomid 2617 naftidrofuryl A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors. thenalidine|thenaldine|thenalidin|thenophenopiperidine 2618 denaverine theobromine|3,7-Dimethylxanthine|diurobromine|teobromin|theosalvose|theostene 2619 melinamide theodrenaline|(+/-)-Theodrenaline 262 oxedrine Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic agonist with actions like PHENYLEPHRINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in circulatory failure, asthma, nasal congestion, and glaucoma. 2620 altizide aminophyllin|aminophylline|theophylline|1,3-Dimethylxanthine|armophylline|cetraphylline|chronophyllin|duraphyllin|elixophyllin|elixophylline|etheophyl|lanophyllin|pseudotheophylline|theophyllin|throphylline|xanthium|theophylline anhydrous|aminophylline dihydrate|theophylline sodium glycinate|theophylline monohydrate 2621 bortezomib A pyrazine and boronic acid derivative that functions as a reversible PROTEASOME INHIBITOR. It is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT in the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA and MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA. thiabendazole|thiabendazol|thiabendole|thiabenzole|thibendole|thibenzol|thibenzole|tiabendazol|tiabendazole|bovizole|equizole|mintesol|mintezol|minzolum|omnizole 2622 felodipine A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. 2623 artesunate A water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities. Artesunate (AS) contains an endoperoxide bridge that is activated by heme iron, resulting in the generation of free radicals that alkylate parasite proteins and ultimately lead to cell death. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA, also known as artenimol), the active metabolite of artesunate, was found to specifically increase oxidative stress in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes but not uninfected cells, by reduction of antioxidants. 2624 ticarcillin An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action. thiamphenicol|thiocymetin|thiophenicol 2626 bufogenin respiratory stimulant; from toad; structure thiamylal sodium|thiamylal|thioseconal|thioquinalbarbitone 2629 estradiol dipropionate 263 pyrithyldione 2630 zipeprol thiethylperazine|ethylthioperazine|thiethylperazine malate|thiethylperazine maleate|thiethylperazine dimalate 2631 perimetazine thioacetazone|ambathizon|benthiozone|benzothiozane|benzothiozon|thiacetazone|thiocarbazil|thiocarbazyl|amithiozone 2632 estradiol enanthate 6-Thioguanine|thioguanine|tioguanine 2633 ibutilide pentothal|thiopental sodium|thiopental|thiomebumal|thionembutal|pentothiobarbital 2635 nilvadipine thioproperazine|sulfenazin|thioperazine|tioproperazin|thioproperazine dimesylate|thioproperazine mesylate|thioproperazine mesyiate|thioproperazine mesilate 2636 bamifylline 2637 racecadotril A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. thioridazine|thioridazin|dl-Thioridazine|malloryl|meleril|thioridazine hydrochloride|thioridazine HCl 2638 buspirone An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM. thio-tepa|triethylenethiophosphortriamide|thiotepa|oncotepa|phosphorothioic acid triethylenetriamide|tespamin|tespamine|thiophosphamide|tepadina 2639 fosfluconazole prodrug of fluconazole thiothixene|tiotixene|cis-Thiothixene|thiothixene hydrochloride|thiothixene HCl 264 phenylephrine An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent. azanidazole|nitromidine 2640 piposulfan thiouracil|nobilen|2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine|4-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine|antagothyroil 2641 anecortave thiphenamil hydrochloride|thiphenamil|tifenamil|thiphenamil HCl 2642 medibazine thonzylamine|neohetramine 2644 sufentanil An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent. 2645 mesoridazine A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. thymopentin|thymopoietin pentapeptide|thymopoietin 32-36 2646 quazepam levothyroxine sodium anhydrous|levothyroxine sodium pentahydrate|L-Thyroxine|thyroxin sodium|thyroxine sodium|levothyroxine sodium|tetraiodothyronine|thyroxine|levothyroxine|levothyroxin natrium|T4|levothyroxine sodium hydrate 2647 mebrofenin tiadenol|finlipol|thiadenol|tiaterol|fonlipol 2648 terazosin induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia tiagabine|(R)-Tiagabine|gabatril|tiagabine hydrochloride|tiagabine HCl 2649 trimebutine Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders. tiamenidine hydrochloride|tiamenidine|thiamendidine 265 metaraminol A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION. azapetine|azapetine phosphate|peridil|Ro-2-3248|ilidar|ilidar phosphate 2650 urapidil tianeptine monosodium|tianeptine sodium|stablon|tianeptine|coaxil 2651 gusperimus synthesized by chemical modification of spergualin; in combination with cyclosporin A prevents diabetes in predisposed NOD mice; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer trihydrochloride tiapridal|tiapride monohydrochloride|tiapride hydrochloride|tiapride|thiapride|tiaprizal|tiapride HCl 2652 tioconazole tiaprofenic acid|(RS)-Tiaprofenic acid|(+/-)-Tiaprofenic acid|tiaprofen 2653 benzylhydrochlorothiazide thiazide diuretic used as a blood pressure-lowering agent tiaramide hydrochloride|tiaramide|tialamide|tiaramide HCl 2654 flurazepam A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic. tibezonium|thiabenzazonium iodide|tibezonium iodide 2655 nemonapride an atypical antipsychotic approved in Japan for the treatment of schizophrenia tibolone|liviella|xyvion 2656 oxantel oxyphenyl analog of pyrantel; RN given refers to (E)-isomer; synonym CP-14,445-16 refers to oxantel pamoate ticarcillin|ticarcillin disodium|ticarcillin sodium 2657 aranidipine ticlopidine|ticlop|ticlid|tiklyd|ticlopidine hydrochloride|ticlopidine HCl 2658 visnadine ticrynafen|selacryn|thienylic acid|tienilic acid|tienylic acid 2659 nisoldipine A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina. tidiacic|TDCA|tidiacic acid|2,4-Thiazolidinedicarboxylic acid 266 ethinamate short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85) AHR-3018|apazone dihydrate|azapropazone|azapropazone dihydrate|apazone|cinnamin|cinnopropazone|prolixan 2660 trimethobenzamide major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd tiemonium|tiemonium iodide 2661 benzalkonium A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics. CL-331002|CL 331002|tigecycline|tygacil|glycylcycline 2662 zopiclone S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007 tilbroquinol|5-Methyl-7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline 2663 eszopiclone A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA. tilidine hydrochloride hemihydrate|tilidine|tilidate|tilidine hydrochloride|tilidine HCl 2664 fipexide regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level tiliquinol|8-Hydroxy-5-methylquinoline 2665 levocetirizine selecal|tilisolol|tilisolol hydrochloride|tilisolol HCl 2666 cetirizine A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects. tiludronic acid|tiludronate|tiludronate disodium 2667 bepotastine timepidium|mepidium|timepidium bromide 2668 gemifloxacin A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis. timiperon|timiperone|tolopelon|timeperone 2669 tadalafil A carboline derivative and PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR that is used primarily to treat ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. 267 mecamylamine A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool. azasetron hydrochloride|azasetron|nazasetron|azasetron HCl 2670 reproterol timonacic|4-Thiazolidinecarboxylic acid|thiaproline|tiazolidin 2671 balofloxacin showed potent bactericidal activity & inhibited the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase of S. aureus, E. coli, & P aeruginosa; structure given in first source tindamax|tinidazole|tinidazol|trimonase 2672 cefprozil tinoridine hydrochloride|tienoridine|tienoridine hydrochloride|tinoridine|tinoridine HCl|tienoridine HCl 2673 alfuzosin Alfuzosin is a selective antagonist of post-synaptic alpha1-adrenoreceptors, which are located in the prostate, bladder base, bladder neck, prostatic capsule, and prostatic urethra. tiocarlide|datanil|disocarban|tiocarlid|thiocarlide|isoxyl|tiokarlid 2674 hetacillin tioclomarol|apegmone 2675 cyclothiazide inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure UK-20,349|UK-20349|tioconazole 2676 regadenoson tiopronin|(+/-)-Tiopronin|acadione|capen|captimer|hepadigest|mercaptopropionylglycine|thiolpropionamidoacetic acid|thiopronin|thiopronine|tiopronine|alpha-Mercaptopropionylglycine 2678 treprostinil Treprostinil is a prostacyclin analogue. The major pharmacologic actions of treprostinil are direct vasodilation of pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds and inhibition of platelet aggregation. tiquizium|tiquizium bromide|thiaton|HSR-902 2679 oxamarin tiracizine 268 desflurane A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia. azatidine|azatadine|azatadine maleate 2680 meclozine A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. tirofiban|aggrestat|tirofiban hydrochloride|tirofiban HCl|tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate|L-700,462|aggrastat 2681 flavoxate A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist. tiropramide 2682 biriperone tisopurine|thiopurinol 2683 dimetotiazine has considerable antiemetic & serotonin antagonistic action used mainly in allergic skin conditions; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd DS 103-282|tizanidine|tizanidine hydrochloride|tizanidine HCl|AN021|DS103-282 2684 dithiazanine 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye. vantobra|tobramycin|Nebramycin 6|Nebramycin VI|tobracin|tobradistin|tobralex|tobramaxin|tobramicin|tobramycetin|tobramycin sulfate|nebcin|Tobi Podhaler 2685 sparfloxacin tobuterol 2687 cinepazet tocamphyl|gallogen|hepasynthyl|hepatoxane|lymethol|biliphorine|biliphorin 2688 paramethasone acetate A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737) tocofibrate 2689 dexamethasone An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid. The NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel recommends the use of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 who are receiving mechanical ventilation or in those who require supplemental oxygen but are not on me-chanical ventilation. It is not recommended the use of dexamethasone or other corticosteroids in nonhospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 or in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who do not require supplemental oxygen. tocopherol nicotinate|tocopheryl nicotinate|Vitamin E nicotinate|alpha-Tocopherol nicotinate 269 tioxolone antiseborrheic agent BW 57-322|azathioprine sulfate|azathioprine|azamune|azanin|azathioprin|azathropine|azothioprine|azathioprine sodium 2690 betamethasone A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) tocopheryl acid succinate|tocopherol succinate|alpha-Tocopherol succinate|Vitamin E acid succinate|Vitamin E succinate|tocopheryl hemisuccinate|.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL SUCCINATE, D-|TOCOPHERYL ACID SUCCINATE,D-ALPHA|ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL SUCCINATE, D- 2691 naftopidil todralazine|carboethoxyphthalazinohydrazine|todralazine hydrochloride|todralazine HCl 2692 trospium elamol|tofenacin monohydrochloride|tofenacin hydrochloride|tofenacin|demethylorphenadrine|tofenacine|tofenacin HCl 2693 tiotropium bromide A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. emandaxin|tofisopam|grandaxin|seriel 2694 dextromoramide An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070) tolazamide|norglycin|tolanase|tolinase 2696 ursodiol An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. tolbutamide|aglicid|arkozal|tolbutamid|tolumid|tolumide|tolbutamide sodium, sterile|tolbutamide sodium|tolbutamida 2697 chloroprednisone RO 40-7592|tolcapone|tasmar 2698 cloprednol relative anti-inflammatory potency twice prednisolone; synthetic glucocorticoid; structure tolfenamic acid|tolfedine|tolfine 2699 pentetic acid An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. tolmetin sodium anhydrous|tolmetin|tolmetine|tolmetin sodium|tolmetin sodium salt|tolmetin sodium salt dihydrate 27 methylpentynol a tertiary hexanol with hypnotic/sedative and anticonvulsant effects, was used for the treatment of insomnia azaribine|triazure|azaribin|triacetyl-6-azauridine|triacetyl azauridine|6-azauridine triacetate 2700 rubitecan tolonidine mononitrate|tolonidine monohydrochloride|tolonidine nitrate|tolonidine 2701 sulfaloxic acid tolonium|dimethyltoluthionine chloride|tolazul|tolonium chloride|toluidine blue 2702 erlotinib A quinazoline derivative and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR for EGFR associated tyrosine kinase. It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. humoryl|toloxatone|taloxotone 2703 amsacrine An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent. tolperisone|mideton|mydeton|mydetone|dl-Tolperisone|tolperisone hydrochloride|(+/-)-Tolperisone|tolperisone HCl 2704 brotizolam tolrestat|tolrestatin|lorestat|alredase|AY-27773 2705 metaclazepam tolterodine|tolterodine tartrate|(+)-Tolterodine|(R)-Tolterodine 2706 besifloxacin Besifloxacin is an 8-chloro fluoroquinolone with a N-1 cyclopropyl group. The compound has activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to the inhibition of both bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme required for replication, transcription and repair of bacterial DNA. Topoisomerase IV is an essential enzyme required for partitioning of the chromosomal DNA during bacterial cell division. topiramate|beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate|epitoma|epitomax|topamac|topamax|topimax|topomax|topina 2707 ambuside nogitecan|potactasol|nogitecan hydrochloride|topotecan|(S)-Topotecan|hycamptamine|topotecan lactone|topotecan hydrochloride|hycamtin|nogitecan HCl|topotecan HCl 2708 triamcinolone A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739) torasemide|torsemide|toradiur 2709 diflucortolone A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate. FC1157a|FC-1157a|FC 1157a|fareston|toremifene|chlortamoxifen|toremifene citrate 271 cicrotoic acid azelastine|azelastine hydrochloride|azelastine HCl 2710 fluacizine Russian drug; 2-trifluoromethyl analog of chloracizine; RN given refers to parent cpd tosufloxacin tosylate|tosufloxacin tosilate hydrate|tosufloxacin|tosulfloxacin|tosufloxacin tosilate|tosufloxacin hydrochloride|tosufloxacin HCl 2711 gemeprost used for preoperative dilation of cervix before surgical abortion; RN given refers to (2E,11alpha,13E,15R)-isomer tramadol|(+/-)-Tramadol|racemic tramadol|tradolan|tramadon|tramadol hydrochloride|tramadol HCl|twotram 2713 cefdinir A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin. tranexamic acid|amchafibrin|amikapron|cyclocapron|tranol|transamin|zataranax 2714 ketanserin A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients. tranilast hydrate|tranilast sodium|tranilast|rizaben 2715 vesnarinone tranylcypromine|(RS)-trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine|tranylcypromine sulfate|tranylcypromine hydrochloride|tranylcypromine HCl|parnate 2718 spiperone A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. treosulfan|threosulphan|treosulphan|tresulfan|trecondi 2719 ethaverine tetraethyl homolog of papaverine; smooth muscle relaxant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure trepionate|trepibutone|supacal 2720 quinagolide treprost|treprostinil|uniprost|treprostinil sodium|15AU81|LRX-15|UT-15|treprostinil diolamine 2721 cloricromen tocoretinate|olcenon|tretinoin tocoferil 2723 cefalotin A cephalosporin antibiotic. tretoquinol|(S)-Trimetoquinol|L-Tretoquinol 2724 estradiol cypionate 2725 ergocalciferol triamcinolone|triamcinlon|triamcinolon|rodinolone 2726 diiodohydroxyquinoline One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide. nasacort|triamcinolone acetonide|aristicort|allernaze 2727 cefetamet active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source triamcinolone diacetate|aristocort diacetate|polcortolon 2728 diperodon triamterene|diurene|pterofen|pterophene|triamteren|triamteril|triteren 2729 drotaverine Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure triazolam|U-33,030|U 33,030|U33,030 273 zoxazolamine A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood. azidocillin potasium|azidocillin sodium|azidocillin|azidobenzylpenicillin 2730 timiperone tribenosid|tribenoside|glyvenal|glyvenol|tribenzoside 2731 sulconazole tribromoethanol|avertin|bromethol|ethobrom|ethobrome 2733 melarsoprol Arsenical used in trypanosomiases. It may cause fatal encephalopathy and other undesirable side effects. triclormetiazide|trichlormethiazide|hydrotrichlorothiazide|trichlormetazid|trichlormethiazid|trichloromethiazide 2734 sulfasalazine A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) egaten|triclabendazole|fasinex 2735 camostat triclofos|trichlophos|trichloroethyl dihydrogen phosphate|trichloroethyl phosphate|triclofos sodium 2736 bisantrene tricyclamol chloride|tricyclamol methochloride|tricyclamol methyl chloride 2737 sunitinib An indole and pyrrole derivative that inhibits VEGFR-2 and PDGFR BETA RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES. It is used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS, and for treatment of advanced or metastatic RENAL CELL CARCINOMA. tridihexethyl|tridihexethyl chloride|tridihexethyl iodide 2738 flutropium triethylene tetramine|triethylene tetramine dihydrochloride|trientine|trien|1,8-Diamino-3,6-diazaoctane|trientine hydrochloride|triethylenetetramine|trientine dihydrochloride|trientine tetrahydrochloride|trientine HCl 274 pyridoxine The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). azimilide hydrochloride|azimilide dihydrochloride|azimilide|azimilide HCl 2740 beraprost stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source trifluoperazine|trifluoperazin|trifluoromethylperazine|trifluoroperazine|trifluperazine|triflurin|triperazine|trifluoperazine hydrochloride|trifluoperazine dihydrochloride|trifluoperazine HCl|flupazine 2741 pholcodine trifluperidol|psicoperidol|trifluoperidol|trifluperol|triperidol 2743 dimorpholamine analeptic properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search MORPHOLINES (75-83); structure trifluridine|trifluorothymidine|5-Trifluorothymidine 2744 pentagestrone triflusal|disgren 2745 dihydrotachysterol A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2. trihexyphenidyl|trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride|benzhexol|benzhexol hydrochloride|trihexyphenidyl HCl|benzhexol HCl 2746 colchicine A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE). Potential to limit COVID-19-related myocardial damage has been hypothesized based on the drug’s mechanisms of action and promising results of ongoing research on colchicine in various cardiac conditions. However, the drug's safety and efficacy for treatment of COVID-19 is not yet established. trilostane|modrastane|modrefen|modrenal|desopan 2747 ademetionine Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed) trimazosin hydrochloride|rimazosin hydrochloride monohydrate|trimazosin|trimazosin HCl 2748 pipazetate trimebutine maleate|trimebutine|(+/-)-Trimebutine 275 norepinephrine Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. azintamide|azinthiamide|oragalin|oragallin 2750 thiethylperazine A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457) kyurinett|trimetazidine|vastarel|trimetazidine hydrochloride|trimetazidine dihydrochloride|trimetazidine HCl 2751 mepacrine An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. trimethadione|tridione|trimetin|trimetadione 2752 enprostil A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers. trimethaphan|trimetaphan|trimetaphan camsilate|trimetaphan camsylate|trimethaphan camsylate 2755 fursultiamine Compound used for therapy of thiamine deficiency. It has also been suggested for several non-deficiency disorders but has not yet proven useful. trimethoprim|trimethoprim sulfate|trimethoprim hydrochloride|trimethioprim|trimetoprim|trimopan|trimethoprim HCl 2756 tiocarlide major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent trimetozine|sedoxazine|trifenoxazin|trimethoxazine|trimetozin|trioxazin|trioxazine 2757 gefarnate A water insoluble terpene fatty acid used in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers; it facilitates the healing and function of mucosal tissue. trimetrexate hydrate|trimetrexate glucuronate|trimetrexate|CI-898|JB-11 2758 calcifediol The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties. trimipramine|rhotrimine|trimeprimine|trimeproprimine|trimipramine maleate|surmontil|trimipramine maleate salt|trimipramine mesylate|trimipramine monohydrochloride 2759 alfacalcidol trioxsalen|trimethylpsoralen|trioxysalen|trisoralen 276 piperidione CP-62993|CP 62993|azithromycin|arzomicin|aziromycin|Azithromycin A|azithromycin monohydrate|azithromycin anhydrous|azithromycin dihydrate|azithromycin hydrate 2760 zuclopenthixol Zuclopenthixol is a potent neuroleptic of the thioxanthene series with a piperazine side-chain. The antipsychotic effect of neuroleptics is related to their dopamine receptor blocking effect. The thioxanthenes have a high affinity for both the adenylate cyclase coupled dopamine D1 receptors and for the dopamine D2 receptors; in the phenothiazine group the affinity for D1 receptors is much lower than that for D2 receptors, whereas butyrophenones, diphenylbutylpiperidines and benzamides only have affinity for D2 receptors. E614|normonal|tripamide|toripamide 2761 oxyphenisatine acetate A laxative that undergoes enterohepatic circulation. It may cause jaundice. triparanol|clotrox|metasclene|metasqualene|trianel|triparin|tropalin 2762 moxifloxacin A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. tripelennamine|pyribenzamin|pyribenzamine|pyrinamine base|tripelenamine|tripelennamin|tripelennamine citrate|tripelennamine hydrochloride|tripelennamine HCl 2763 oxacillin An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections. actidil|triprolidine|triprolidin|tripyrolidine|triprolidine hydrochloride|triprolidine HCl 2764 amperozide tritiozine|sulmetozine|tresanil|trithiozine 2766 fominoben was MH 1975-92 (see under MORPHOLINES 1975-90); use MORPHOLINES to search FOMINOBEN 1975-92 trofosfamide|ixoten|trifosfamide|trilofosfamida|trilophosphamide|triphosphamide|trisfosfamide|trofosfamid|trophosphamid|trophosphamide 2767 bemetizide CS-045|rezulin|troglitazone|romglizone 2768 pipamazine nitrilotriethanol|sterolamide|triethanolamine|trolamine 277 chlorzoxazone A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202) azlocillin|azlocillin sodium|azlocillin sodium salt 2770 prednisolone acetate trolnitrate phosphate|nitranolum|trolnitrate|aminotrate|etamin|nitranole|nitretamine|triethanolamine trinitrate|trolnitrat 2772 cinitapride tropatepine|tropatepine hydrochloride|lepticur 2773 choline dehydrocholate tropesin|repanidal 2774 dehydrocholic acid A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid. tropicamide|bistropamide|epitromina|mydriacyl 2775 ethinylestradiol sulfonate tropisetron|navoban|tropisetron hydrochloride|tropisetron HCl 2776 sulforidazine trospium|trospium chloride|relaspium 2777 delmadinone acetate trovafloxacin|trovafloxacin mesylate|trovafloxacin mesilate|trovafloxacin acid 2778 lorajmine A monochloroacetyl derivative of ajmaline. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that is rapidly hydrolyzed to ajmaline by plasma and tissue esterases. troxerutin|posorutin|ruven|trioxyethylrutin|troxerutine|troxevazin|vastribil|veinamitol|veniten|venoruton 2779 clocinizine aplace|troxipide|KU-54 278 levetiracetam The precise mechanism(s) by which levetiracetam exerts its antiepileptic effect is unknown. The antiepileptic activity of levetiracetam was assessed in a number of animal models of epileptic seizures. Levetiracetam did not inhibit single seizures induced by maximal stimulation with electrical current or different chemoconvulsants and showed only minimal activity in submaximal stimulation and in threshold tests. Protection was observed, however, against secondarily generalized activity from focal seizures induced by pilocarpine and kainic acid, two chemoconvulsants that induce seizures that mimic some features of human complex partial seizures with secondary generalization. Levetiracetam also displayed inhibitory properties in the kindling model in rats, another model of human complex partial seizures, both during kindling development and in the fully kindled state. In vitro and in vivo recordings of epileptiform activity from the hippocampus have shown that levetiracetam inhibits burst firing without affecting normal neuronal excitability, suggesting that levetiracetam may selectively prevent hypersynchronization of epileptiform burst firing and propagation of seizure activity. Levetiracetam at concentrations of up to 10 uM did not demonstrate binding affinity for a variety of known receptors, such as those associated with benzodiazepines, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), glycine, NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), re-uptake sites, and second messenger systems. Furthermore, in vitro studies have failed to find an effect of levetiracetam on neuronal voltage-gated sodium or T-type calcium currents and levetiracetam does not appear to directly facilitate GABAergic neurotransmission. However, in vitro studies have demonstrated that levetiracetam opposes the activity of negative modulators of GABA- and glycine-gated currents and partially inhibits N-type calcium currents in neuronal cells. A saturable and stereoselective neuronal binding site in rat brain tissue has been described for levetiracetam. Experimental data indicate that this binding site is the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, thought to be involved in the regulation of vesicle exocytosis. Although the molecular significance of levetiracetam binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is not understood, levetiracetam and related analogs showed a rank order of affinity for SV2A which correlated with the potency of their antiseizure activity in audiogenic seizure-prone mice. These findings suggest that the interaction of levetiracetam with the SV2A protein may contribute to the antiepileptic mechanism of action of the drug. azosemide|diurapid|azosemid 2780 roflumilast Roflumilast and its active metabolite (roflumilast N-oxide) are selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). Roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide inhibition of PDE4 (a major cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-metabolizing enzyme in lung tissue) activity leads to accumulation of intracellular cyclic AMP. While the specific mechanism(s) by which DALIRESP exerts its therapeutic action in COPD patients is not well defined, it is thought to be related to the effects of increased intracellular cyclic AMP in lung cells. L-Tryptophan|tryptophan|tryptophane|L-Tryptophane 2781 phthalylsulfathiazole minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SULFATHIAZOLES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd tubocurarine|tubocurarine chloride|(+)-Tubocurarine chloride|(+)-Tubocurarine dichloride|D-Tubocurarine|dextrotubocurarine chloride|tubocurarine hydrochloride|tubocurarine HCl 2782 aminoxytriphene hokunalin|tulobuterol|(+/-)-tulobuterol|tulobuterol hydrochloride|tulobuterol HCl 2783 metergoline A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy. tybamate|tibamate|tibamax|tybatran 2784 perphenazine An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. tyramine|2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine|tyrosamine|p-Hydroxyphenethylamine|tyramine hydrochloride|tyramine HCl 2785 alpidem Alpidem shows anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties which appear to be elicited both with a direct mechanism through the interaction with central benzodiazepine receptor (CBR) and with an indirect mechanism by the interaction with peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) as well as the stimulation of pregnenolone formation. Alpidem was briefly marketed for the treatment of anxiety, but was withdrawn because of liver toxicity. tyropanoic acid|tyropanoate|tyropanoate sodium 2786 tosufloxacin quinolone anti-infective agent; structure given in first source tyrosine|L-Tyrosine|(S)-Tyrosine 2787 bentiromide chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function ubenimex|bestatin 2788 gadoterate meglumine ufenamate|butyl flufenamate|fenazol|flufenamic acid butyl ester 2789 nicocodine 279 propylthiouracil A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534) cayston|aztreonam|azonam|azthreonam|aztreon|monobactam|nebactam|primbactam|aztreonam lysine|azactam 2790 gadoteridol nonionic magnetic resonance contrast agent; structure given in first source 2791 aldesulfone 2792 sulfinpyrazone A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. unithiol|dimaval|unitiol 2793 flunarizine Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. 2794 benzquinamide unoprostone isopropyl ester|isopropyl unoprostone|rescula|unoprostone isopropyl 2795 lovastatin A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver. uracil mustard|aminouracil mustard|chlorethaminacil|demethyldopan|desmethyldopan|uracil nitrogen mustard|uramustin|uramustine 2796 mepitiostane orally active anti-estrogenic steroid; RN refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure urapidil|ebrantil|eupressyl|mediatensyl|uraprene|uropidil|urapidil hydrochloride|urapidil HCl 2797 chlormadinone An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). urosiol|ursodiol|ursocol|ursodeoxycholic acid|ursodesoxycholic acid|ursolvan|ursacholic acid|deoxyursocholic acid 2799 taltirelin valdecoxib|valecoxib 28 glutaral One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative. 280 sobrerol bacampicillin|bacampicillin hydrochloride|carampicillin|bacampicillin HCl 2800 cefaloglycin A cephalorsporin antibiotic. valethamate bromide|valethamate 2801 nebivolol A cardioselective ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (beta-blocker) that functions as a VASODILATOR through the endothelial L-arginine/ NITRIC OXIDE system. It is used to manage HYPERTENSION and chronic HEART FAILURE in elderly patients. valganciclovir|valganciclovir hydrochloride|valganciclovir HCl 2802 imidapril valnoctamide|nirvanil|valmethamide 2803 febarbamate divalproex disodium|valproic acid|2-Propylpentanoic acid|dipropylacetic acid|epival|divalproex sodium|depakote|valdisoval|valproate semisodium|valproate sodium|sodium valproate|divalproex|propylisopropylacetic acid|magnesium valproate|valproate calcium 2804 nifekalant valpromide|2-propylpentamide|dipropylacetamide 2805 lisinopril One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. valrubicin|N-Trifluoroacetyladriamycin 14-valerate|valstar|N-Trifluoroacetyldoxorubicin 14-valerate|AD-32 2806 astromicin diovan|cardopan|valsartanin|valsartan|CGP 48933|CGP-48933 2807 mazaticol vancomycin|diatracin|vancocin|vancocine|vancoled|vancomycin hydrochloride|vancomycin HCl 2808 morclofone varenicline|champix|chantix|varenicline tartrate|CP-526,555-18 2809 toremifene A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue. vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate|vardenafil dihydrochloride|vivanza|vardenafil|vardenafil hydrochloride|vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate|levitra|vardenafil HCl 281 metronidazole A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. bacitracin|baciguent|bacillichin|bacilliquin|bacitracin zinc|bacitracin methylene disalicylate 2810 clomifene A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively. vasopressin|8-L-arginine vasopressin|synthetic vasopressin|8-L-Arginine-vasopressin|argipressin|vasopressin tannate|vasopressin injection|antidiuretic hormone|pitressin tannate 2811 floctafenine vecuronium hydrobromide|vecuronium citrate|vecuronium maleate|vecuronium hydrochloride|vecuronium HCl|Org NC 45|vecuronium|vecuronium bromide 2812 penamecillin vedaprofen|quadrisol 2813 carvedilol A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. venlafaxine|(+/-)-Venlafaxine|velafax|venlafaxin|venlafexine|venlafaxine hydrochloride|effexor|WY-45,030|venlafaxine HCl 2815 alacepril It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. It used for the treatment of essential or renovascular hypertension (usually administered with other drugs, particularly thiazide diuretics). verapamil|RS-Verapamil|(+/-)-Verapamil|verapamil hydrochloride|verapamil HCl 2816 lincomycin An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections. verteporphin|verteporfin|trans-18-Ethenyl-4,4a-dihydro-3,4-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-4a,8,14,19-tetramethyl-23H,25H-benzo[b]porphine-9,13-dipropanoic acid monomethyl ester (1:1 mixture of two regioisomers)|visudyne|BPD-MA 2817 nandrolone phenpropionate vesnarinone|pieranometazine|OPC-8212 2818 hexachlorophene A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797) vidarabine anhydrous|vidarabine|adenine arabinoside|araadenosine|arabinosyladenine|vidarabin 2819 sitagliptin A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES. vigabatrin|(+/-)-4-Amino-5-hexenoic acid|sabril|vigabatrin hydrochloride|vigabatrin HCl 282 diethadione baclofen|baclon|lioresal|DL-Baclofen 2820 trifluoperazine A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic. viloxazine hydrochloride|viloxazine|emovit|viloxazin|viloxazine HCl|ICI 58,834|ICI 58834 2821 bidisomide viminol hydroxybenzoate|viminol|diviminol 2822 ethyl biscoumacetate A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226) 2825 tamsulosin A sulfonamide derivative and adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist that is used to relieve symptoms of urinary obstruction caused by BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. vincristine|(+)-Vincristine|leucristine|vincristin|vinkristin|22-oxo-vincaleukoblastine|vincristine sulfate|oncovin 2826 omapatrilat eldisine|desacetylvinblastine amide|vindesine sulfate|vindesine|compound 112531 2827 cholic acid A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. vinorelbin ditartrate|noranhydrovinblastine tartrate|vinorelbine|navelbin|navelbine base|5'-anhydrovinblastine|vinorelbine tartrate|vinorelbine ditartrate|navelbine|vinorelbine base 2828 quingestanol acetate cavinton|ethyl apovincaminate tartrate|vinpocetine|apovincaminic acid ethyl ester|bravinton|ceractin|ethyl apovincaminate|vinporal 2829 miltefosine hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin butylvinal|butyvinal|bykonox|vinylbarbital|vinylbarbitone|vinylbitalum|vinylbitone|vinylbital 283 moroxydine balofloxacin hydrate|balofloxacin|Q-Roxin 2830 levamlodipine used to treat angina and hypertension viomycin|celiomycin|florimycin|Tuberactinomycin B|Vinacetin A|viomycin sulfate 2831 amlodipine A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. vitamin A1|vitamin A|retinol|retinol (vit A) 2833 beclometasone dipropionate An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA. 2834 trifluperidol A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621) riboflavine|beflavine|lactoflavin|lactoflavine|Vitamin B2|riboflavin (vit B2)|riboflavin 2835 ezetimibe An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. niacin potassium|niacin magnesium|nicotinic acid|vitamin b3 (niacin)|3-pyridinecarboxylic acid|niaspan|niacin|niacor|Vitamin B3 2836 benexate pyridoxine|adermin|bezatin|pirivitol|pyridoxin|pyridoxine hydrochloride|pyridoxine (vit B6)|vitamin b6|pyridoxine HCl 2837 butaperazine 2838 sitafloxacin Sitafloxacin hydrate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is indicated for the treatment of various infections such as respiratory infection, urologic infection, gynecologic infection, otorhinological infections, and dental infection. ergocalciferol|vitamin D2|calciferol|ercalciol|ergorone 2839 ceftibuten A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections. 284 gabapentin The mechanism by which gabapentin exerts its analgesic action is unknown, but in animal models of analgesia, gabapentin prevents allodynia (pain-related behavior in response to a normally innocuous stimulus) and hyperalgesia (exaggerated response to painful stimuli). In particular, gabapentin prevents pain-related responses in several models of neuropathic pain in rats or mice (e.g., spinal nerve ligation models, streptozocin-induced diabetes model, spinal cord injury model, acute herpes zoster infection model). Gabapentin also decreases pain-related responses after peripheral inflammation (carrageenan footpad test, late phase of formalin test). Gabapentin did not alter immediate pain-related behaviors (rat tail flick test, formalin footpad acute phase, acetic acid abdominal constriction test, footpad heat irradiation test). The mechanism by which gabapentin exerts its anticonvulsant action is unknown, but in animal test systems designed to detect anticonvulsant activity, gabapentin prevents seizures as do other marketed anticonvulsants. Gabapentin exhibits antiseizure activity in mice and rats in both the maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole seizure models and other preclinical models (e.g., strains with genetic epilepsy, etc.). Gabapentin is structurally related to the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) but it does not modify GABAA or GABAB radioligand binding, it is not converted metabolically into GABA or a GABA agonist, and it is not an inhibitor of GABA uptake or degradation. Gabapentin was tested in radioligand binding assays at concentrations up to 100 uM and did not exhibit affinity for a number of other common receptor sites, including benzodiazepine, glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate, kainate, strychnine-insensitive or strychnine-sensitive glycine, alpha 1, alpha 2, or beta adrenergic, adenosine A1 or A2, cholinergic muscarinic or nicotinic, dopamine D1 or D2, histamine H1, serotonin S1 or S2, opiate mu, delta or kappa, cannabinoid 1, voltage-sensitive calcium channel sites labeled with nitrendipine or diltiazem, or at voltage-sensitive sodium channel sites labeled with batrachotoxinin A 20-alpha-benzoate. Furthermore, gabapentin did not alter the cellular uptake of dopamine, noradrenaline, or serotonin. In vitro studies with radiolabeled gabapentin have revealed a gabapentin binding site in areas of rat brain including neocortex and hippocampus. A high-affinity binding protein in animal brain tissue has been identified as an auxiliary subunit of voltage-activated calcium channels. balsalazide|balsalazide disodium|balsalazide sodium 2842 risperidone A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. 2843 ornoprostil vitamin K1|phytomenadione|vitamin K|phytonadione|phytylmenadione|phytylmenaquinone|phylloquinone 2844 methestrol dipropionate 2845 piperacetazine was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90) voglibose|glustat|voglistat|AO-128 2846 norethindrone enanthate voriconazole|voriconazol|vfend|UK109496|UK-109496|UK 109496 2849 iomazenil (123I) potential benzodiazepine receptor imaging tracer for SPECT; structure given in first source; RN given refers to 123I-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd not avail 10/90 285 rasagiline Rasagiline is a selective, irreversible MAO-B inhibitor indicated for the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The results of a clinical trial designed to examine the effects of rasagiline tablets on blood pressure when it is administered with increasing doses of tyramine indicates the functional selectivity can be incomplete when healthy subjects ingest large amounts of tyramine while receiving recommended doses of rasagiline tablets. The selectivity for inhibiting MAO-B diminishes in a dose-related manner. One mechanism is believed to be related to its MAO-B inhibitory activity, which causes an increase in extracellular levels of dopamine in the striatum. The elevated dopamine level and subsequent increased dopaminergic activity are likely to mediate rasagiline’s beneficial effects seen in models of dopaminergic motor dysfunction. bambuterol|bambudil|terbutaline bisdimethylcarbamate|(+/-)-Bambuterol|bambuterol hydrochloride|bambuterol HCl 2850 tasosartan angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source xenytropium|xenytropium bromide 2851 fluvastatin An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4. xibornol|bactacine|nanbacine 2852 acetophenazine major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd H-376/95|H 376/95|ximelagatran|exanta 2853 butoconazole xipamide|chronexan|diurex|diurexan 2854 reserpiline xylose|wood sugar|(+)-xylose 2855 adapalene A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE. ICI-204219|ICI 204219|ICI 204,219|zafirlukast|vanticon 2856 cinalukast Ro 24-2027/000|hivid|zalcitabine|dideoxycytidine 2857 calcipotriene a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis zaleplon|sonata|ZAL-846|CL 284,846|CL-284846 2858 benzethonium Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade. zaltoprofen|soleton 2859 doxercalciferol decrease of bone density caused by prednisolone was prevented by above cpd; decreases number of osteoclast areas in normal rats; RN given refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E,22E)-isomer zanamivir|relenza|zanamivir hydrate 286 iproheptine bamethan sulfate|bamethan|bametan|bamethane|butedrine|butylnorsynephrine|butylsympatol|DL-Bamethane|N-Butylnorsynephrine|N-Butyloctopamine 2860 nizofenone Nizofenone is a neuroprotective drug which protects neurons from death following cerebral anoxia (interruption of oxygen supply to the brain). It might thus be useful in the treatment of acute neurological conditions such as stroke. zeranol|ralabol|zearanol|zearalanol 2861 ziprasidone a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone zidovudine|azidothymidine|azitidin|AZT 2862 thiamphenicol glycinate zileuton|leutrol|A-64077|A 64077 2863 dichlorisone zimeldine hydrochloride hydrate|zimeldine|zimelidine|cis-Zimelidine|zimelidine dihydrochloride monohydrate|zimelidine dihydrochloride hydrate|zimelidine dihydrochloride|zimelidine hydrochloride|zimelidine HCl 2864 noscapine A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent. zipeprol|zipeprol hydrochloride|zipeprol HCl 2865 talniflumate an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma ziprasidone|zaprasidone|ziprasidone hydrochloride|ziprasidone mesylate|geodon|ziprasidone HCl|ziprasidone mesilate 2866 flecainide A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS. zofenopril|zofenopril calcium|SQ-26991|SQ. 26,991|zofenopril potassium 2867 podophyllotoxin A lignan (LIGNANS) found in PODOPHYLLIN resin from the roots of PODOPHYLLUM plants. It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. 2868 sancycline zoledronic acid|zoledronate|zoledronic acid monohydrate|zometa|zoledronic acid hydrate 2869 sulbenicillin Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic. zolmitriptan|zipton|zominat|zomigoro|311C90 2870 temocillin beta-lactam antibiotic with unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity & exceptional stability to bacterial beta-lactamases; RN given refers to di-Na salt (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6alpha))-isomer ambien|zolpidem|zolpidem tartrate 2871 nafcillin A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. zomepirac sodium dihydrate|zomepirac|zomiperac|zomepirac sodium salt|zomepirac sodium 2873 eplerenone A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. zopiclone|zimovane|imovane 2874 diltiazem A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions. zorubicin|daunomycin benzoylhydrazone|rubidazon|rubidazone 2875 gestonorone caproate A long-acting potent progestogen structurally related to PROGESTERONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1185) zoleptil|zotepine|lodopin|nipolept 2876 desoxycorticosterone pivalate zoxazolamine|5-Chloro-2-aminobenzoxazole|deflexol|flexilon|zoxamin|zoxine 2877 sitosterol used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure zuclopenthixol|(Z)-Clopenthixol|cisordinol|clopixol|zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride|zuclopenthixol hydrochloride|zuclopenthixol HCl 2878 teclothiazide ziconotide|prialt|omega-Conopeptide MVIIA (Conus)|ziconotide acetate 288 sodium glycerophosphate piperamine|bamipine dihydrochloride|bamipine lactate|bamipine monohydrochloride|bamipine citrate|bamipine dihydrochloride hydrate|multifungin|bamipine|taumidrine|bamipin 2881 salmeterol Salmeterol is a selective long acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist. In vitro studies show salmeterol to be at least 50 times more selective for beta2-adrenoceptors than albuterol. Although beta2-adrenoceptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta1-adrenoceptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta2-adrenoceptors in the human heart comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenoceptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but their presence raises the possibility that even selective beta2-agonists may have cardiac effects. The pharmacologic effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including salmeterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. In vitro tests show that salmeterol is a potent and long-lasting inhibitor of the release of mast cell mediators, such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2, from human lung. Salmeterol inhibits histamine-induced plasma protein extravasation and inhibits platelet-activating factor-induced eosinophil accumulation in the lungs of guinea pigs when administered by the inhaled route. In humans, single doses of salmeterol administered via inhalation aerosol attenuate allergen-induced bronchial hyper-responsiveness. It has received approval to be used in combination with fluticasone. 2882 bimatoprost A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION. 2884 acemetacin 2885 rupatadine Rupatadine is a second-generation antihistamine, long-acting histamine antagonist with selective peripheral H1-receptor and platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activities. Some of the metabolites (desloratadine and its hydroxylated metabolites) retain an antihistaminic activity and may partially contribute to the overall efficacy of the drug, maintaining activity for up to 24 hours. 2886 isoconazole 2887 miconazole An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. 2888 tenitramine 2889 iofendylate An inert iodine-containing agent which is opaque to X-RAYS. It is used mainly for BRAIN and SPINAL CORD visualization. 2890 trovafloxacin a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity 2891 guaiacol phosphate 2893 ramatroban thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist; BAY u 3405 & 3406 are enantiomers of each other 2894 pyrinoline 2895 cefaloridine A cephalosporin antibiotic. 2896 desonide A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES. 2897 methylprednisolone acetate Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 2898 ramipril A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat. 2899 distigmine 2900 alfentanil A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients. 2901 spironolactone A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827) 2902 colecalciferol Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24. Some experts recommend maintaining recommended levels of vitamin D intake during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain bone and muscle health and avoid deficiency. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 has not been established. 2903 secalciferol 2904 paricalcitol suppressed immunoglobulin production & thymic lymphocyte proliferation in vivo 2905 calcitriol The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption. 2907 temafloxacin 2908 bisoxatin acetate 2909 cinepazide 291 menadione beclamide|beclamid|beklamid|chloracon|chlorakon|chloroethylphenamide|neuracen|nidrane|nydran|nydrane 2910 cilazapril One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat. 2911 nimodipine A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure. 2912 simvastatin A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL. 2913 maxacalcitol 2914 etodroxizine 2915 lofepramine A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE. 2916 caldiamide 2917 bromperidol bromine-substituted for chlorine in haloperidol; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure 2918 amtolmetin guacil 2919 hexoprenaline Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent. 292 sulfanilamide Sulfanilamide has been a useful ingredient of vaginal formulations for about four decades. It blocks certain metabolic processes essential for the growth of susceptible bacteria. beclobrate|beclipur 2920 levocabastine for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis 2921 pipebuzone 2922 etofylline clofibrate whole issue; structure given in first source 2923 bendroflumethiazide A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810) 2924 topotecan An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. 2925 pitavastatin Pitavastatin competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, which is a rate-determining enzyme involved with biosynthesis of cholesterol, in a manner of competition with the substrate so that it inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver. As a result, the expression of LDL-receptors followed by the uptake of LDL from blood to liver is accelerated and then the plasma TC decreases. Further, the sustained inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the liver decreases levels of very low density lipoproteins. 2926 mopidamol A phosphodiesterase inhibitor which inhibits platelet aggregation. Formerly used as an antineoplastic. 2927 pentacynium chloride 2928 mosapride Mosapride is a 5-HT4 receptor agonist which increases the release of acetylcholine and stimulates GI motility. 293 sodium hexacyclonate used in treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia 2930 conivaptan 2933 nandrolone cyclotate 2934 losartan An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II. 2935 cefapirin Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. 2937 gallamine A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198) 2938 omoconazole an imidazole antifungal which inhibits the cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes, resulting in impairment of ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes 2939 benzbromarone Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout. 294 terpin rhinocort|beclometasone dipropionate|beclomethasone dipropionate|beclomethasone dipropionate monohydrate 2940 cefuroxime Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS. 2942 benazepril prodrug of benazeprilat inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decreased aldosterone secretion 2943 eprosartan angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source 2944 pravastatin An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES). 2945 alvimopan mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain 2946 difenoxin an orally administered antidiarrheal agent which is chemically related to the narcotic meperidine 2947 unoprostone isopropyl a safe and effective ocular hypotensive drug 2948 pifarnine non-anticholinergic gastric antisecretory agent 2949 clindamycin An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN. ABT-578|ABT578|zotarolimus 295 loprodiol bentos|befunolol|befunolol hydrochloride|befunolol HCl 2950 carfenazine 2951 epitizide 2952 domperidone A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms. 2953 sozoiodolic acid radioopaque medium; wound antiseptic; Hg deriv formerly used in syphilis treatment; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure 2954 garenoxacin a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity depreotide 2955 iloperidone an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent eledoisin|eledone peptide|ELD 950|ELD-950|eledoisin trifluoroacetate 2956 fenbenicillin escin|aescin|aescine|aescusan|escusan 2957 cetotiamine 2958 darifenacin a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist with greater affinity for the M3 receptor than for the other known muscarinic receptors, M3 receptors are involved in contraction of human bladder and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, saliva production, and iris sphincter function gonadorelin|Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (swine)|hypocrine|fertagyl|gonadorelin hydrochloride|gonadorelin acetate|gonadorelin HCl|gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate 2959 oxatomide orally active H1-histamine receptor antagonist used to treat chronic urticaria and allergic rhinitis lypressin|lysine pitressin|lysine vasopressin|lysipressin|lysopressin|lysylvasopressin|syntopressin 296 oxaceprol Oxaceprol, is an atypical inhibitor of inflammation which helps in reduction of leukocyte adherence for joint diseases. This medicine is used for osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disorders and inflammation of connective tissues. belotecan|camtobell|belotecan hydrochloride|CKD602|CKD-602 2960 perospirone MTP-PE|mifamurtide hydrate|muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine|mepact|mifamurtide sodium|mifamurtide|junovan|L-MTP-PE 2962 etofamide 2963 mometasone furoate A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders. 2964 pemetrexed Pemetrexed is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor that disrupts folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell replication. In vitro studies show that pemetrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), which are folate-dependent enzymes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of thymidine and purine nucleotides. Pemetrexed is taken into cells by membrane carriers such as the reduced folate carrier and membrane folate binding protein transport systems. Once in the cell, pemetrexed is converted to polyglutamate forms by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The polyglutamate forms are retained in cells and are inhibitors of TS and GARFT. 2965 salazosulfadimidine peplomycin|Bleomycin PEP|pepleomycin|peplomycin sulfate|NK631|NK-631 2966 cefoxitin A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. suramin|metaret|naganol|suramine|suramin sodium|suramin hexasodium 2968 moracizine An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances. triptorelin|arvekap|triptoreline|tryptorelin|triptorelin pamoate|triptorelin acetate 2969 ranolazine An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. 2970 mozavaptan Mozavaptan is a benzazepine derivative that antagonizes the binding of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to vasopressin receptors. Mozavaptan can inhibit the antidiuretic action of AVP promoting aquaresis. 2971 dixyrazine captisol|celdex|cycloheptaglucan|cycloheptaglucosan|cyclomaltoheptaose|betadex|beta-Cyclodextrin 2972 fosfestrol Rx of prostatic carcinoma; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure 2973 methargen dermatan sulfate|dermatan sulfate sodium 2975 irbesartan A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease. vantas|Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pig)|histrelin acetate|histrelin 2976 nandrolone decanoate Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. 2978 oxiconazole 2979 altropane a SPECT imaging agent for viewing dopamine transporter sites 298 acexamic acid wound-healing agent component of plasmutan benactyzine|benactyzin|diethylaminoethyl benzilate|diazil|benactyzine hydrochloride|benactyzine HCl 2980 sarpogrelate 2982 mebeverine 2983 zofenopril 2984 mifepristone A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. 2985 bicalutamide Bicalutamide is a non-steroidal androgen receptor inhibitor. It competitively inhibits the action of androgens by binding to cytosol androgen receptors in the target tissue. Prostatic carcinoma is known to be androgen sensitive and responds to treatment that counteracts the effect of androgen and/or removes the source of androgen. acemannan aloe vera|acemannan|carrisyn|polymannoacetate 2987 budesonide A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS. lentinan|biomoduline 2988 trandolapril The effect of trandolapril in hypertension appears to result primarily from the inhibition of circulating and tissue ACE activity thereby reducing angiotensin II formation, decreasing vasoconstriction, decreasing aldosterone secretion, and increasing plasma renin. Decreased aldosterone secretion leads to diuresis, natriuresis, and a small increase of serum potassium. Trandolapril is deesterified to the diacid metabolite, trandolaprilat, which is approximately eight times more active as an inhibitor of ACE activity. 2989 carbifene calcitonin (salmon)|calcitonin (salmon synthetic)|calcitonin salmon|salmon calcitonin|calcitonin salmon recombinant|miacalcin|calcimar 299 acetylleucine used for treating vestibular-related imbalance and vertigo benazepril|cibacen|benazepril hydrochloride|benazepril HCl 2990 piritramide A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage. desirudin recombinant|desulfatohirudin|desulphatohirudin|IK-HIR02|desirudin|revasc 2992 Vitamin E A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS. 2993 lafutidine histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist used as an antiulcer drug 2994 benzthiazide ogluo|glucagon hydrochloride recombinant|glucagen|glucagon|glucagonoid|glukagon|hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor|glucagon hydrochloride|glucagon HCl|glucagon recombinant 2996 fluprednidene acetate has anti-inflammatory & anti-allergic properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETRIOLS (75-83); RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; structure 2997 mizolastine a long-acting H1-antihistamine indicated for the symptomatic relief of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever), perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria somatostatin|aminopan|growth hormone release-inhibiting factor|somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone|SRIF-14 2998 hydrocortisone butyrate teicoplanin|Antibiotic 8327A|Antibiotic MDL 507|targocid|targosid|teichomycin 2999 latanoprost A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA. pyrantel|pyrequan|pyrantel pamoate|pyrantel tartrate 3 hydrogen peroxide A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials. 3000 diiodotyrosine A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). zinc acexamate|sodium acexamate|calcium acexamate|CY168E|epsilon-acetamidocaproic acid|6-(Acetylamino)hexanoic acid|6-Acetamidocaproic acid|6-Acetamidohexanoic acid|acemin|acetaminocaproic acid|acexamic acid 3001 buclizine 3002 clometocillin 3003 brovincamine 3004 mycophenolate mofetil Mycophenolate mofetil is a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. MPA depletes guanosine nucleotides preferentially in T and B lymphocytes and inhibits their proliferation. 3005 belotecan 3006 lubeluzole a benzothiazole compound; used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke; R-91154 is the inactive isomer 3008 sivelestat inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source atosiban acetate|atosiban|Antocin II|antocin|tractocil|tractocile 3009 fluperolone 3010 triamcinolone acetonide An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions. 3012 flunisolide corticosteroid prescribed as treatment for allergic rhinitis 3013 dexamethasone acetate bemegride|bemegrid|etimid|eukraton|megimid|megibal|megimide|methetharimide|mikedimide|zentraleptin 3014 betamethasone acetate A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) bemotrizinol|Tinosorb S 3015 niperotidine benexate hydrochloride|benexate|benexate HCl 3016 glisolamide benoxinate|benoxinate hydrochloride|oxybucaine|oxybuprocaine|benoxinate HCl 3017 flupentixol A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595) benzalkonium chloride|benzalkonium|benzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride|benzododecinium 3018 chlorbenzoxamine benzethonium|benzethionium chloride|benzethonium chloride|benzetonium chloride 3019 etravirine HIV-1 reverse transriptase inhibitor; an anti-HIV agent benzoxonium chloride|benzyldodecyldiethanolammonium chloride|bactofen 3020 aztreonam A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms. 3021 exatecan DX-8951a is hydrochloride & DX-895If is methanesulfonate; exatecan mesylate is a synonym for DX-8951f; structure given in first and second source bergapten|5-Methoxy-6,7-furanocoumarin|5-Methoxypsoralen|bergaptan|bergaptene|heraclin 3022 trimazosin AD-1590|bermoprofen|dibenon 3024 valsartan A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION. It has been approved in combination with sacubitril (under the name ENTRESTO) for the treatment of heart failure. bevonium|piribenzil|bevonium metilsulfate|bevonium methyl sulfate|bevonium methylsulfate|piribenzil methyl sulfate 3026 cloxotestosterone BX 341|bifluranol 3027 cloxacillin A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN. xenysalate|biphenamine|xenylsalate 3028 fludroxycortide A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733) 3029 docusate sodium All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt. 303 menadiol sulfate bendazac lysine|bendazac|bendazolic acid|bindazac 3030 bialamicol bisdequalinium chloride|bisdiqualinium chloride 3031 tianeptine bisoctrizole|bisoctyltriazole 3032 tigemonam bithionol|actamer|bidiphen|bisoxyphen|bitionol|lorothidol|lorothiodol 3034 pazopanib Pazopanib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and -β, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1 and -3, cytokine receptor (Kit), interleukin-2 receptor-inducible T-cell kinase (Itk), leukocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), and transmembrane glycoprotein receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Fms). In vitro, pazopanib inhibited ligand-induced autophosphorylation of VEGFR-2, Kit, and PDGFR-β receptors. In vivo, pazopanib inhibited VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 phosphorylation in mouse lungs, angiogenesis in a mouse model, and the growth of some human tumor xenografts in mice. bolandiol dipropionate|norpropandrolate 3035 fluphenazine A phenothiazine used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. boric acid|boracic acid|trihydroxyborane|orthoboric acid|boron oxide hydroxide 3036 sertaconazole 3037 triparanol Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts. bromindione|bromophendione|bromophenindione|fluidane|haldinone 3038 suxibuzone bromisovalum|bromaral|bromcarbamide|bromisoval|bromisovalerylurea|bromizoval|bromocarbamide|bromoisovalum|bromovalerocarbamide|bromovaleroylurea|bromovalerylurea 3039 quinapril A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE. 3040 flusalan bromosalicylchloranilide|bromochlorosalicylanilide|clobromsalan 3041 pivmecillinam Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocillin in the intestinal mucosa. It is active against gram-negative organisms and used as for amdinocillin. 3043 polythiazide A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p826) buclosamide|demycin|N-Butyl-4-chlorosalicylamide 3044 estramustine A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties. 1-cyclohexyl-5-butylbarbituric acid|bucolome|bucolom|paramidin|paramidine 3045 aminopterin Aminopterin is a folic acid amino derivative with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. It binds competitively to the folate binding site of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, blocking tetrahydrofolate synthesis, and resulting in depletion of nucleotide precursors and inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. bufeniode|bufeniod|diiodobuphenine|proclival 3047 ceftezole bufexamac|bufexamic acid|feximac|mofenar|parfenal 3048 flumedroxone acetate buniodyl|bunamiodyl 305 arginine An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. bendroflumethiazide|bendrofluazide|benzhydroflumethiazide|benzidroflumetiazide|benzydroflumethiazide|benzylhydroflumethiazide|benzylrodiuran 3050 tirofiban a reversible antagonist of fibrinogen binding to the GP IIb/IIIa receptor, the major platelet surface receptor involved in platelet aggregation, when administered intravenously inhibits ex vivo platelet aggregation in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner butacaine|butelline|butyn|butacaine sulfate 3051 pentagestrone acetate butamben|butambene|butesin|butesine|butoform|butyl 4-aminobenzoate|butylcaine 3052 estradiol undecylate butedronic acid 3053 sertindole an antipsychotic drug with selective inhibitory effect on mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons and balanced inhibitory effects on central dopamine D2 and serotonin 5HT2 receptors as well as on alpha1-adrenergic receptors butethamine|monocain 3055 folic acid A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. butoxycaine hydrochloride|butoxycaine|butoxycaine HCl 3056 deflazacort Deflazacort is a corticosteroid prodrug, whose active metabolite, 21-desDFZ, acts through the glucocorticoid receptor to exert anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The precise mechanism by which deflazacort exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is unknown. n-butyl cyanoacrylate|butyl cyanoacrylate|butyl alpha-cyanoacrylate|enbucrilate|histacryl blue|indermil|n-Butyl 2-cyanoacrylate 3057 troglitazone A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. 3058 dofetilide Dofetilide show Vaughan Williams Class III antiarrhythmic activity. The mechanism of action is blockade of the cardiac ion channel carrying the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr. At concentrations covering several orders of magnitude, dofetilide blocks only IKr with no relevant block of the other repolarizing potassium currents (e.g., IKs, IK1). At clinically relevant concentrations, dofetilide has no effect on sodium channels (associated with Class I effect), adrenergic alpha-receptors, or adrenergic beta-receptors. cacodylic acid|dimethylarsenic acid|dimethylarsinic acid|hydroxydimethylarsine oxide 3059 metacycline A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period. cafaminol|methylcoffanolamin|methylcoffanolamine|rhinoptil 306 carfimate 3060 mazipredone was MH 1978-92 (see under PREDNISOLONE 1978-90); METHYLPIPERAZINYL DEOXYPREDNISOLONE was see DEPERSOLONE 1978-92; use PREDNISOLONE to search DEPERSOLONE 1978-92; a water-soluble, long-acting prednisolone derivative used topically for skin conditions & parenterally as a glucocorticoid 3061 zuclopenthixol acetate bismuth camphocarbonate|angimuth|camphobismol|bismuth camphocarboxylate|d-Camphocarboxylic acid basic bismuth salt|bismutal 3063 thiothixene A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. capreomycin|capastat|capostatin|capreomicin|capromycin|capreomycin sulfate|capreomycine|capreomycine sulfate 3064 raltegravir Raltegravir inhibits the catalytic activity of HIV-1 integrase, an HIV-1 encoded enzyme that is required for viral replication. Inhibition of integrase prevents the covalent insertion, or integration, of unintegrated linear HIV-1 DNA into the host cell genome preventing the formation of the HIV-1 provirus. The provirus is required to direct the production of progeny virus, so inhibiting integration prevents propagation of the viral infection. capsaicin|capsaicine|qutenza|NGX-4010|NGX 4010 3065 tetracycline A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis. carbarsone|amebarsene|amebarsone|aminarson|arsambide|carbarson|fenarsone|leucarsone|pentarsone|p-Ureidobenzenearsonic acid 3066 doxycycline A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. carbaryl|menaphtam|1-Naphthyl methylcarbamate|arilat|arilate|caprolin|carbaril|carbatox|carbavur|carbomate 3067 mitoxantrone An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent. carbon tetrachloride|benzinoform|perchloromethane|tetrachloromethane|tetrafinol 3069 prednival cargutocin|statocin|Y 5330 307 citrulline benfluorex methanesulfonate|benfluorex maleate|benfluorex|benfluramate|benfluorex hydrochloride 3070 menatetrenone articaine|carticaine|articaine hydrochloride|articaine HCl 3071 halometasone cefazedone sodium|EMD30087|cefazedone|refosporen 3072 glisentide cefbuperazone 3073 glipizide An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized. 3074 metopimazine cefetamet|deacetoxycefotaxime 3075 thiopropazate minor descriptor (66-72); major descriptor (73-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-72); THIOPROPAZATE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd cefpimizole sodium|cefpimizol|cefpimizole disodium|cefpimizole 3076 spiclomazine cefteram|cefterame|ceftetrame 3077 baicalin has iron chelating activity; chemical component of Chinese medicinal herb Huang-chin (Scutellaria baicalensis); do not confuse with baicalein cefuzonam|cefuzoname|cefuzonam sodium 3079 fluocortin butyl cetamolol|cetamolol hydrochloride|cetamolol HCl 308 benzalamide benfotiamine|benfothiamine|benzoylthiamine monophosphate|betivina|bietamine 3080 carpipramine cethexonium bromide|biocidan|cethexonium|cethexonium chloride 3081 thioproperazine cetotiamine hydrochloride|cetotiamine|cetotiamine HCl 3082 gefitinib Gefitinib reversibly inhibits the kinase activity of wild-type and certain activating mutations of EGFR, preventing autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues associated with the receptor, thereby inhibiting further downstream signalling and blocking EGFR-dependent proliferation. cetrimonium bromide|cetrimonium 3083 propyliodone Radiopaque medium usually in oil; used in bronchography. cetylpyridinium|ceepryn|hexadecylpyridinium|cetylpyridinium chloride 3084 tioclomarol 3085 ampiroxicam prodrug of piroxicam; structure given in first source 3086 sisomicin Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS). chloralose|anhydroglucochloral|chloralosane|glucochloral|glucochloralose|kalmettumsomniferum|alphachloralose 3087 aripiprazole A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression. 3088 algestone acetophenide A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also applied topically as an anti-inflammatory and in the treatment of ACNE. chloralone|Chloramine-T|Cloramine T|tosylchloramide sodium|chloramine-t trihydrate 309 debrisoquine An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism. 3090 tolvaptan A benzazepine derivative and selective VASOPRESSIN V2 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used to treat euvolemic and hypervolemic HYPONATREMIA. It is also used in the treatment of rapidly progressing AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE to slow the rate of cyst development and renal insufficiency. chlorbenzoxamine hydrochloride|chlorbenzoxamine HCl|chlorbenzoxamine dihydrochloride|chlorbenzoxamine|chlorbenzoxyethamine|chlorobenzoxamin|chlorobenzoxamine 3092 glisoxepide oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd chlorobutanol|acetochlorone|acetonchloroform|acetone chloroform|chlorbutanol|chlorbutol|chloreton|chloretone|trichlorobutanol 3094 sofalcone chloroxylenol sodium|chloroxylenol|benzytol|parametaxylenol 3095 tiomesterone chlorquinaldol|chloquinan|chlorchinaldin|chlorchinaldol|chlorguinaldon 3096 phytomenadione A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K. orphacol|cholic acid|cholalic acid|cholalin|colalin|kolbam|cholbam 3097 doxazosin A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker. choline chloride|choline|vitamin J|bilineurine|choline ion|choline bitartrate 3098 dibekacin Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. carbocromen|carbochromen|carbochromene|chromonar|chromonar hydrochloride|chromonar HCl|carbocromene 3099 homofenazine 31 cycloserine Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus. 3100 cabergoline An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE. 3101 mannite hexanitrate phenylcinchoninic acid|cincain|cinchophen|aciphenochinoline|aciphenochinolinium|cinchophene|cinchophenic acid|cinconal|cincophen|phenoquin|quinofen|quinophan|quinophen 3102 fluocinolone acetonide A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732) cinromide|vumide 3103 delapril citrulline|L-Citrulline|sigma-Ureidonorvaline 3104 repaglinide clanobutin|bykahepar|clanobutine 3105 diphenoxylate A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity. 3106 butropium chloridarol|cloridol|clobenfurol|cloridarol|menacor 3107 cefixime A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. 3109 floxacillin Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN. clofoctol|octofene 311 ascorbic acid A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel states that there are insufficient data to recommend either for or against use of ascorbic acid for the treatment of COVID-19 in critically or noncritically ill patients. benoxaprofen ammonium|benoxaprofen monosodium|benoxaprofen sodium|oraflex|benoxaprofen|dl-Benoxaprofen 3110 methotrexate An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. clonitrate|dinitrochlorhydrin|dinitrochlorohydrin 3111 ribostamycin A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus. chlorphenylindandione|chlorphenindone|clorindione|chlophenadione|chlorathrombon|chlorindion|chlorindione|chlorphenadione|chlorphenindione 3112 carfecillin The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections. clostebol|chlortestosterone|cholostebol 3113 cefazolin A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine. cloxotestosterone 3114 verapamil A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. cloxyquin|5-Chlorooxine|8-Hydroxy-5-chloroquinoline|cloxiquine|dermofongin|dermofungin 3116 sitaxentan endothelin A receptor antagonist 3117 fenticonazole 3119 cefotaxime Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin. 312 glucurolactone benperidol|benzoperidol|benzperidol|frenactil|frenactyl|glianimon 3120 lacidipine cyclobendazole|ciclobendazole 3122 clevidipine a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent cyclodrine|cyclodrine hydrochloride|cyclodrin hydrochloride|cyclodrin|cyclodrine HCl|cyclodrin HCl 3123 riboflavin phosphate A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. cyclomethycaine sulfate|cyclomethycaine|topocaine 3124 delavirdine A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. cynarine|dicaffeoylquinic acid|cinarin|cinarine|cynarin 3125 xenytropium danthron|antrapurol|chrysazin|danthrone|dantron|diaquone|dionone|laxanorm|laxanthreen|1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone 3126 detajmium deaminooxytocin|demoxytocin|demoxytocinum|desaminooxytocin 3127 testosterone undecanoate decimemide|denegyt 3128 minocycline A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections. ICL670A|ICL-670A|ICL 670A|deferasirox|exjade 3129 ormeloxifene A non-steroidal anti-fertility agent with anti-hormonal properties. dehydroemetine|mebadin|dihydroemetine 3130 azimilide delmadinone acetate|zenadrex 3131 raltitrexed delmopinol|decapinol|delmopinol hydrochloride|delmopinol HCl 3132 fumagillin empirical formula C25-27H34-37O7, a monoester of decatetraenedioic acid (HOOC-(C=CH)4-COOH and fumagillin (C16-17H25-26O3); FR 65814 lacks the fat 3133 astemizole Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects. deoxydihydrostreptomycin|desoxymycin|dihydrodeoxystreptomycin|dihydrodesoxystreptomycin|mervastrept 3135 prednisolone tebutate desonide|budesonide acetonide|prednacinolone 3136 fluazacort dibromol 3137 cerivastatin Cerivastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, which is responsible for the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate, a precursor of sterols, including cholesterol. The inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by cerivastatin reduces the level of cholesterol in hepatic cells, which stimulates the synthesis of LDL receptors, thereby increasing the uptake of cellular LDL particles. The end result of these biochemical processes is a reduction of the plasma cholesterol concentration. dibrompropamidine|dibromopropamidine|dibrompropamidine hydrochloride|dibrompropamidine HCl|dibromopropamidine isethionate|dibromopropamidine isetionate|dibropropamidine isethionate|dibrompropamidine isetionate|dibrompropamidine isethionate|dibrompropamidine diisetionate 3138 fenoverine 3139 oxytetracycline A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions. dichlorisone|dichlorisone acetate|diloderm 314 hymecromone A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID. benserazide hydrochloride|benserazide|serazide|benserazide HCl 3140 prednisolone succinate 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol|2,4-Dichlorobenzenemethanol|dybenal|myacide|rapidosept|dichlorobenzyl alcohol 3141 hydrocortisone aceponate The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions diflucortolone|difluocortolone 3142 loxiglumide cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer difluprednate|durezol 3143 dexloxiglumide a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source digitalin|diginorgin|glucostrospeside 3145 prulifloxacin 3146 lenampicillin L-3,5-diiodotyrosine|agontan|apothyrin|cemiod|DL-3,5-Diiodotyrosine|dityrin|iodogorgoic acid|iodogorgonic acid|jodgorgon|diiodotyrosine 3147 cinnoxicam 3148 azlocillin A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. 3149 cefalexin pivoxil dimenoxadol|dimenoxadole|dimenoxadol hydrochloride|estocin|dimenoxadol HCl 315 pemoline A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children. bentazepam sulfate|bentazepam|thiadipone|tiadipone 3150 pimozide A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403) dimercaprol|dithioglycerine|dicaptol 3151 tobuterol 3152 bitolterol a short-acting beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD simethicone|dimethicone|Silicone Fluid 350|polydimethylsiloxane|dimeticone|dimethicone 410 3153 perflunafene quinisocaine hydrochloride|dimethisoquin|quinisocain|quinisocaine|quinoleine|dimethisoquin hydrochloride|dimethisoquin HCl 3154 cefatrizine Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity. dimethocaine|larocaine 3155 cefamandole Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate. 3156 tixocortol 21-thiol derivative of hydrocortisone dimethylthiambutene|aminobutene|dimethibutin|dimetiltiambutene 3157 chondroitin sulfate diosmin|barosmin|diosmil|diosmine|flebosten|flebosmil 3158 tafenoquine Tafenoquine, an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial, is active against all the stages of Plasmodium species that include the hypnozoite (dormant stage) in the liver. Studies in vitro with the erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium falciparum suggest that tafenoquine may exert its effect by inhibiting hematin polymerization and inducing apoptotic like death of the parasite. In addition to its effect on the parasite, tafenoquine causes red blood cell shrinkage in vitro. The molecular target of tafenoquine is not known. dioxadrol 3159 pivampicillin Pivalate ester analog of AMPICILLIN. dioxybenzone|dioxybenzon 316 cotinine The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties. bentiromide|chymex 3160 micronomicin DE 020 & DE 020 eyedrops both consist of KW 1062, benzalkonium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide & distilled water pH 7.4; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for gentamicin C; structure dipyrocetyl|artromialgina|movirene|pyrocat 3162 asulacrine derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source disufenton sodium|disufenton 3163 sorafenib Sorafenib is a kinase inhibitor that decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Sorafenib was shown to inhibit multiple intracellular (c-CRAF, BRAF and mutant BRAF) and cell surface kinases (KIT, FLT-3, RET, RET/PTC, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and PDGFR-beta). Several of these kinases are thought to be involved in tumor cell signaling, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Sorafenib inhibited tumor growth of HCC, RCC, and DTC human tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Reductions in tumor angiogenesis were seen in models of HCC and RCC upon sorafenib treatment, and increases in tumor apoptosis were observed in models of hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. dixanthogen|auligen|aulinogen|bexide|bisethylxanthogen|bisethylxanthogen disulfide|diethyl dixanthogen|diethylxanthogen disulfide|scabicidol|sulfasan|thioperoxydicarbonic acid diethyl ester 3164 demeclocycline The tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and are thought to exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis. The tetracyclines, including demeclocycline have a similar antimicrobial spectrum of activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. 3165 loprazolam domitroban|domitroban calcium|domitroban calcium hydrate 3166 bacampicillin ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure drometrizole 3167 sulprostone droprenilamine hydrochloride|droprenilamine|droprenylamine|droprenilamine HCl 3169 cisapride A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) dymanthine|dimantine|dimethyloctadecylamine|dimethylstearylamine|octadecyldimethylamine|stearyldimethylamine 317 dichlorobenzyl alcohol benzarone|benzaron 3170 carumonam cervoxan|eburnamonine monohydrochloride|eburnamonine phosphate|eburnamonine|(+)-Eburnamonine|(+)-Vincamone|(+)-cis-Eburnamonine|d-Eburnamonine 3171 benfotiamine Mexoryl SX|ecamsule 3172 calcium iodobehenate 3173 spirapril edoxudine|epoxudine 3175 loteprednol etabonate An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions. elcometrine|nestorone|ST 1435 3177 edatrexate enilconazole|imazalil|bromazil|deccozil|imazalil phosphate|imazalil sulfate|imazalil mononitrate 3178 tobramycin An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species. enoxolone|uralenic acid|arthrodont|biosone|glycyrrhetic acid|glycyrrhetin|glycyrrhetinic acid|subglycyrrhelinic acid 3179 buprenorphine A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use. phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid|phenylbenzimidazole sulphonic acid|Eusolex 232|ensulizole|phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic acid 318 tidiacic benzbromarone|benzbromaron|azubromaron 3180 oxetacaine isolated from bioactive leaf extracts of Rollinia mucosa enviomycin|Tuberactinomycin N|enviomycin sulfate 3181 tiropramide epitiostanol|epithiostanol|thiodrol 3183 cromoglicic acid A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack. beta-Ergocryptine|beta ergocryptine|beta-Ergokryptine 3184 tartrazine An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain. dihydroergocornine|9,10-Dihydroergocornine|dihydroergocornine mesylate|dihydroergocornine mesilate 3186 lomerizine used to treat migraines eseridine tartrate|eseridine salicylate|eserine oxide salicylate|eseridine|geneserine|eserine aminoxide|eserine oxide|physostigmine aminoxide 3187 ruboxistaurin inhibits protein kinase C beta estriol|destriol|estratriol|ovestrion 3188 clinofibrate estrone|estron|estrugenone|oestrin|oestrone 319 metamfepramone benzestrol|benzoestrol|chemestrogen|octestrol|octoestrol|octofollin 3190 ivabradine Ivabradine is a pure heart rate lowering agent, acting by selective and specific inhibition of the cardiac pacemaker If current that controls the spontaneous diastolic depolarisation in the sinus node and regulates heart rate. The cardiac effects are specific to the sinus node with no effect on intra-atrial, atrioventricular or intraventricular conduction times, nor on myocardial contractility or ventricular repolarisation. millophylline|etamiphylline camsilate|ethamicyclin|etamiphylline camsylate|etamiphylline camphorsulfonate|camphophylline|etamiphylline hydrochloride|etamiphylline HCl|etamiphyllin monohydrochloride|etamiphyllin|etamiphylline|etaminophylline 3191 diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol 3192 simfibrate etaqualone|athinazone|ethinazone 3193 bucladesine A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) eterobarb|eterobarbital 3195 ebastine non-sedating second generation antihistamine which is used for allergic disorders 3196 nefazodone an antidepressant for oral administration with a chemical structure unrelated to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclics, tetracyclics, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), inhibits neuronal uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine ethyl chloride|chelen|chloroethane 3197 dibrompropamidine ethyl dibunate|dibunate ethyl|neodyne|tussets 3198 adamexine mucolytic molecule in which cyclohexyl ring of bromhexine is replaced with adamantane 3199 dicloxacillin One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE. 32 aminobutyric acid The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. 320 phenmetrazine A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. benzilonium|benzilone|benzilonium bromide 3200 docarpamine a dopamine prodrug; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source iopronic acid|bilimiro|oravue 3201 enoxolone An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation. kainic acid|digenic acid|digenin|helminal|alpha-Kainic acid|kainic acid hydrate 3203 cefmetazole A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted. cobefrin|nordefrin|nordefrin hydrochloride|nordefrin HCl 3204 terfenadine A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. norgesterone|norvinodrel|vinylestrenolone 3205 dexamethasone phosphate An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid norgestrienone 3206 methylprednisolone aceponate ethylmethylthiambutene|emethibutin|ethylmethiambutene|etilmetiltiambutene 3207 clofazimine A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619) ethylmorphine|codethyline|ethomorphine|dionine 3208 leucovorin The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS. ethylnorepinephrine|ethylnorepinephrine hydrochloride|ethylarterenol|(+/-)-Ethylnorepinephrine|butanefrine|butanephrin|butanephrine|ethylnoradrenaline|ethylnorsprarenin|ethylnorsuprarenin|ethylnoradrenaline hydrochloride|ethylnorepinephrine HCl|ethylnoradrenaline HCl 3209 ximelagatran BNP166|etiprednol dichloroacetate|etiprednol dicloacetate 321 betanidine A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear. benziodarone|cardivix|dilafurane 3210 raloxifene A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue. etiroxate 3211 prednisolamate flogoprofen|etofen|etofenamate|bayrogel|rheumon 3212 mitopodozide an ethylhydrazide derivative of podophyllic acid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation etofylline nicotinate|ethophylline nicotinate|hesotanol 3213 methylprednisolone succinate A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies. etoglucid|diglycidyltriethylene glycol|epodyl|ethoglucid|etoglucide|triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 3214 sildenafil A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. etomidolin|etomidoline|amidoline|smedolin 3215 tibezonium etoxadrol|etoxadrol hydrochloride|etoxadrol HCl 3216 rilmazafone eucatropine|eucatropin|euphthalmin|euphthalmine|eucatropine hydrochloride|eucatropine HCl 3217 picloxydine evan's blue|diazol pure blue BF|direct blue 53|evans blue|azovan blue 3218 ertapenem Ertapenem has in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of ertapenem results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through ertapenem binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). In Escherichia coli, it has strong affinity toward PBPs 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with preference for PBPs 2 and 3. 3219 fluspirilene A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia. exisulind|aptosyn|sulindac sulfone 322 chlorobutanol A colorless to white crystalline compound with a camphoraceous odor and taste. It is a widely used preservative in various pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables. Also, it is an active ingredient in certain oral sedatives and topical anesthetics. benznidazole|benznidazol|benzonidazol|benzonidazole|radanil 3220 netilmicin Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. femoxetine 3221 hydrocortamate phenbenicillin|fenbenicillin|fenbenicillin potassium salt|penspek 3222 pipotiazine palmitate fenbutrazate|fenbutrazatum|nethanol|phenbutrazate|phenbutrazatum|fenbutrazate hydrochloride|fenbutrazate HCl|phenbutrazate hydrochloride|phenbutrazate HCl 3223 dexamethasone valerate 3224 betamethasone valerate Betamethasone valerate has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical steroids, in general, is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. HP129|fendosal|alnovin|HP 129 3225 temocapril fenoxazoline|nebulicina|phenoxazoline 3226 meclocycline fenoxedil monohydrochloride|fenoxedil hydrochloride|fenoxedil HCl|suplexedil|fenoxedil 3227 feclobuzone fenticlor|fentichlor|meflorin 3228 loperamide One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally. 3230 ebrotidine an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector fluacizine|fluoracizine|ftoracizine|phtorazisin 3231 pralatrexate Pralatrexate is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor that competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. It is also a competitive inhibitor for polyglutamylation by the enzyme folylpolyglutamyl synthetase. This inhibition results in the depletion of thymidine and other biological molecules the synthesis of which depends on single carbon transfer. fluazacort|azacortid 3232 almitrine A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep. fluclorolone acetonide|flucloronide|flucortolone acetonide 3236 triamcinolone diacetate lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone fluorosalan|fluorophene|fluorsalan|flusalan 3238 tribenoside anti-inflammatory agent used in edema of extremities, varicose veins & phlebitis; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search GLYCOSIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation fluprednidene acetate|corticoderm|decoderm|emecort|etacortin|Fluprednylidene 21-acetate|fluprednylidene acetate 3239 dihydroemetine was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine 3240 lymecycline A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses. 3241 chlortetracycline A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution. flurothyl|fluorothyl|fluroethyl|flurotyl|hexafluorodiethyl ether 3242 clobetasone butyrate fluroxene|fluoromar|fluoroxene|trifluoroethyl vinyl ether 3243 mosapramine fomocaine hydrochloride|fomocaine|erbocain|fomocain|panacain|fomocaine HCl 3244 cefteram formol|formaldehyde|formalin 3245 nicardipine A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents. formocortal|cutisterol|deflamene|fluoformylon|fluoroformylon|fluoroformylone 3246 (S)-nicardipine S-enantiomer of nicardipine is a calcium entry blocker (slow channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist) which inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle and smooth muscle without changing serum calcium concentrations 3247 emetine The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS. formylsulfamethin|formylsulfamethine|formylsulfisomidine|wometin 3248 clocapramine fosfestrol|diethyldihydroxystilbene diphosphate|diethylstilbesterol bisphosphate|diethylstilbesterol diphosphate|diethylstilbestrol diphosphate|diethylstilbestryl bisphosphate|diethylstilbestryl diphosphate|phosphestrol|stilbestrol diphosphate|stilphostrol 3249 pranlukast SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist fospropofol sodium|fospropofol|fospropofol disodium|lusedra 325 phenacemide Phenacemide (Phenurone) is an older antiepileptic agent. It is capable of relieving patients resistant to other antiepileptics, although its therapeutic effectiveness must be balanced against its toxic effects. benzomethamine 3250 stallimycin 3251 talampicillin An ester of AMPICILLIN which is readily hydrolyzed on absorption to release ampicillin. It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract resulting in a greater bioavailability of ampicillin than can be achieved with equivalent doses of ampicillin. 3252 rosuvastatin A HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR, or statin, that reduces the plasma concentrations of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B, and TRIGLYCERIDES while increasing HDL-CHOLESTEROL levels in patients with HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and those at risk for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. 3253 cefepime A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA. fumagillin|(-)-Fumagillin|amebacilin|fugillin|fumidil|flisint 3254 silymarin A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It consists primarily of silybin and its isomers, silicristin and silidianin. Silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. It protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent. fungchromin|fungichromin|cantricin|cogomycin|lagosin|pentamycin 3255 amrubicin Amrubicin is a third-generation anthracycline and potent topoisomerase II inhibitor, for used in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in Japan. furonazide|clitizina|clitizine|furilazone|menazone 3256 bekanamycin kanendomycin is the sulfate of bekanamycin; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure furtrethonium chloride|furmethide|furtrethonium|furfuryltrimethylammonium|furtretonium|furtrimethonium|furtrethonium iodide 3257 otilonium bromide gabexate|gabexate mesilate|gabexate mesylate 3258 uridine triphosphate Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. gadofosveset|gadofosveset trisodium 3259 nicergoline An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. gadoxetic acid|primovist|Gd-EOB-DTPA 326 nikethamide A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229) tessalon|benzonatate|benzononantin|benzononatine 3261 kanamycin Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components. gestonorone capronate|gestronol caproate|gestronol hexanoate|gestonorone caproate 3262 fentonium less effect on eye, heart & gland functions than atropine; proposed for therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers; minor descriptor (78-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ATROPINE DERIVATIVES (78-84); RN given refers to bromide(3(S)-endo)-isomer gitoxin|anhydrogitalin|bigitalin|pseudodigitoxin 3263 gallopamil Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring. 3264 ulobetasol propionate used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate gluconic acid|D-Gluconic acid|dextronic acid|glycogenic acid|glyconic acid|maltonic acid 3265 etiprednol dicloacetate a soft corticosteroid glucose-1-phosphate|alpha-glucose-1-phosphate|D-Glucose, 1-(dihydrogen phosphate)|glucose monophosphate|alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl phosphate 3266 imiclopazine d-glucuronolactone|D-Glucuronic acid lactone|D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone|glucurolactone|glucurone|glucuronolactone|glucuronosan|glycurone 3267 prednisolone valerate acetate topical steroid used for skin disease therapy glutaraldehyde|pentanedial|glutaral|sonacide|glutaric dialdehyde|pentane-1,5-dial 3268 hydrocortisone cypionate R. P. 2259|glybuthiazol|glybuthiazole|glipasol|glypasol 3269 fenoxedil hydroxyethyl salicylate|glycol salicylate|ethylene glycol monosalicylate|ethylene glycol salicylate|glycol monosalicylate 327 propofol An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS. benzamidosalicylate|calcium benzamidosalicylate|calcium benzoylas|bepascum 3270 fluclorolone acetonide synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure glyconiazide|galatone|gatalone|glucazide|gluconiazide|gluronazid|gluronazide|guidazide|mycobactyl 3271 riodoxol subose|SQ 15,860|SQ 15860|glyhexamide 3272 dasatinib A pyrimidine and thiazole derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT and PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR of BCR-ABL KINASE. It is used in the treatment of patients with CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA who are resistant or intolerant to IMATINIB. guaiazulen|guaiazulene|azulon|azunol|eucazulen|kessazulen|purazulen|silazulon|uroazulen|vetivazulen 3273 neltenexine elastase inhibitor; may be useful for preventing pulmonary emphysema guamecycline|tetrabiguanide|Xanthomycin A|xantomicina 3274 estriol succinate hematoporphyrin|photodyn 3275 prednicarbate hexamidine|desmodine|hexamidine diisethionate|hexamidine isethionate|hexamidine isetionate|hexamidine dihydrochloride|hexamidine hydrochloride|hexamidine HCl|hexomedin 3276 vardenafil A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol 3279 citicoline Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. homosalate|homomenthyl salicylate|kemester 3281 cefamandole nafate oxydol|hydrogen peroxide topical solution|hydrogen peroxide 3282 glimepiride 1,4-Benzenediol|hydroquinone|benzene-1,4-diol|idrochinone 3283 sulisatin 3284 barnidipine 3285 lidoflazine Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action. 3286 cilnidipine has excitatory & inhibitory action on the Ca+ channels in the rabbit basilar artery; structure given in first source; RN given is for (+-) isomer oxilofrine|oxilofrine hydrochloride|oxilofrine HCl 3287 bezitramide loretin|ferron|meditrene|quiniophen 3288 loperamide oxide hydroxypethidine|bemidone|demidone|emidone|oxipethidine|oxydolantin|oxypetidin 3289 aspoxicillin 329 glucosamine benzphetamine|(+)-Benzphetamine|(S)-Benzphetamine|benzphetamine hydrochloride|benzphetamine HCl 3290 imatinib A tyrosine kinase inhibitor and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that inhibits the BCR-ABL kinase created by chromosome rearrangements in CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA and ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA, as well as PDG-derived tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. oxyquinol|8-hydroxyquinoline|8-Quinolinol|oxyquinoline|oxyquinoline sulfate 3291 glibenclamide An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide. hydroxamethocaine|oxitetracaine|hydroxytetracaine|oxypantocain|rhenocain|salicain|salicaine 3292 pheniodol sodium altropane 3293 fluocinonide A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA. ibufenac|4-Isobutylphenylacetic acid|dytransin|ibunac|isodilan 3295 carindacillin acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer) imipramine n-oxide|imipraminoxide|imipramine oxide 3296 flumetasone pivalate improsulfan tosylate|improsulfan|improsulfan tosilate 3298 nicomorphine indanazoline hydrochloride|farial|indanazoline|indanazoline HCl 3299 mibefradil A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE. 330 salacetamide benzquercin|quercetin pentabenzyl ether|parietrope|benzquercine|3,3',4',5,7-Pentabenzyloxyflavone 3300 orlistat A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity. indocyanine green|4,5-Benzoindotricarbocyanine|indocyanin green|opthagreen|wofaverdin|indocyanine green sodium 3301 betamethasone benzoate inosine|9-beta-D-Ribofuranosylhypoxanthine|hypoxanthine ribonucleoside|hypoxanthine riboside|hypoxanthosine|oxiamin|ribonosine 3302 idarubicin An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA. iodixanol|visipaque 3303 tebipenem pivoxil an oral carbapenem antibiotic, against penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae iodoalphionic acid|iodobil|jodobil|pheniodol|priodax|tenamid|tenicid|pheniodol sodium 3304 moexipril 3305 binifibrate two nicotinic & one clofibiric radical esterified by glycerol moiety iodopyrrole|tetraiodopyrrole|iodol 3306 perflubron potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs ioglycamic acid|ioglycamid|ioglycamide 3307 clobenoside iomeglamic acid|falignost|iomeglamis acid 3308 halofantrine used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria iophenoxic acid|iodoprol|iophenoic acid|jodoprol|teridax|trilombrine 3309 tritoqualine isoconazole|isoconazole nitrate 3310 travoprost A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION. isoxepac|artil 3311 fluticasone propionate A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS. It has received approval to be used in combination with salmeterol. 3312 mupirocin A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing. corlanor|corlentor|ivabradine hydrochloride|ivabradine|coraxan|procoralan|ivabradine HCl 3313 adefovir dipivoxil inhibitor of African swine fever virus khellin|amicardien|amicardine|amikellin|khelline|medekellin|methafrone 3314 fexofenadine a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; ; RN refers to HCl lapyrium|lapyrium chloride|lapirium chloride 3315 teclozan lauroguadine 3316 amcinonide lefetamine hydrochloride|lefetamine|lephetamine|lefetamine HCl 3317 hexafluronium curarimimetic agent for use with succinylcholine; muscle relaxant; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd lenalidomide hydrate|lenalidomide|revimid|revlimid 3318 icodextrin A glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity. leteprinim potassium|leteprinim 332 phenprobamate benzthiazide|benzothiazide|dihydrex|lemazide 3320 dexamethasone dipropionate 3321 betamethasone dipropionate A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) 3322 betamethasone acibutate lidofenin 3323 dipyridamole A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752) linoleic acid|alpha-Linoleic acid|linolic acid 3324 clindamycin phosphate 3325 chlorhexidine A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. lodoxamide|lodoxamide tromethamine|lodoxamide trometamol|alomide|U 42585E|U-42,585E 3326 benidipine loflucarban|clofluonide|dichlorofluorothiocarbanilide 3327 hepronicate 3328 amprenavir ; RN refers to (3S-(3R*(1S*,2R*)))-isomer; fosamprenavir is a prodrug lubeluzole 3329 tropesin lucensomycin|etruscomycin|leucensomycin|lucimycin|lucimycine|lucimicina 333 phenacetin A phenylacetamide that was formerly used in ANALGESICS but nephropathy and METHEMOGLOBINEMIA led to its withdrawal from the market. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology,1991, p431) cogentin|benztropine mesilate|benzatropine|benztropine|tropine benzohydryl ether|benztropine mesylate 3331 ixabepilone Ixabepilone is a semi-synthetic analog of epothilone B. Ixabepilone binds directly to beta-tubulin subunits on microtubules, leading to suppression of microtubule dynamics. Ixabepilone suppresses the dynamic instability of alphaBeta-II and alphaBeta-III microtubules. Ixabepilone possesses low in vitro susceptibility to multiple tumor resistance mechanisms including efflux transporters, such as MRP-1 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Ixabepilone blocks cells in the mitotic phase of the cell division cycle, leading to cell death. depersolone|methylpiperazinyl deoxyprednisolone|mazipredone|mazipredone hydrochloride|mazipredone HCl 3332 adenosine triphosphate An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. mebrofenin 3333 oxaflumazine psychosedative meclan|meclocycline|meclocycline sulfosalicylate 3334 difluprednate mecloqualone|mecloqualon|nubarene 3335 argatroban 3336 alexidine until June 1975 was mistakenly treated as synonym for chlorhexidine; RN given refers to parent cpd melarsoprol|arsobal|melarsen B|melarsaprol 3337 clomocycline kapilon|menadoxime 3338 landiolol Landiolol (INN) is a drug which acts as a highly cardioselective, ultra short-acting beta blocker. It is used as an anti-arrhythmic agent. menbutone|genabilic acid|genabilin|menbuton|naftobil|menbutone sodium 3339 colforsin daropate Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. 334 homarylamine benzyl alcohol|benzenemethanol|phenylmethanol|phenylcarbinol|hydroxytoluene 3340 cefuroxime axetil meobentine sulfate|meobentine 3342 pinaverium mesterolone|androviron|mesteranum|mestoranum 3343 cefmenoxime A cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, and is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. The drug has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted. mesulfen|mesulphen|neosulfine|thianthol|thianthrol 3344 cefetamet pivoxil hexamethylenetetramine|methenamine|hexamethylenamine|hexamine|methenamin|methenamine hippurate|hexamethylenetetramine hippurate|hexamethylenetetramine hippuric acid complex|methenamine mandelate 3345 flomoxef methestrol|promethestrol|dimethylhexestrol 3346 acetoxolone methiodal|iodomethanesulfonic acid|methiodal sodium 3347 carubicin A very toxic anthracycline-type antineoplastic related to DAUNORUBICIN, obtained from Actinomadura carminata. methionine|L-methionine|S-methionine 3349 cefuzonam article gives L-105 as synonym, however L 105 is a rifamycin derivative according to Chemline 3350 maraviroc Maraviroc is a member of a therapeutic class called CCR5 co-receptor antagonists. Maraviroc selectively binds to the human chemokine receptor CCR5 present on the cell membrane, preventing the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and CCR5 necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells. CXCR4-tropic and dual-tropic HIV-1 entry is not inhibited by maraviroc. 3351 sobuzoxane used in treatment of leukemia L1210 METHYLEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE, DL-|methylephedrine hydrochloride|methylephedrine|methylephedrine HCl 3352 telmisartan A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION. 3353 cefpirome methylhexaneamine|1,3-dimethylpentylamine|2-amino-4-methylhexane|4-methyl-2-hexylamine|forthan|forthane 3356 cynarine active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent methyltestosterone|17-Methyltestosteron|androsan|androsten 3357 cefozopran metofenazate difumarate|metofenazate fumarate|perphenazintrimethoxybenzoate|frenolone|phrenolon|metofenazate|methophenazine 3359 fusidic acid An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis. mesenone|mexenone|mexenon 336 iproniazid An irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase types A and B that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has also been used as an antitubercular agent, but its use is limited by its toxicity. benzylhydrochlorothiazide|benclortriazide|benzclortriazide|behyd 3360 probucol A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993). miloxacin|fuldazin 3361 piperacillin Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics. 3362 retapamulin mitoguazone|Methylglyoxal bis(amidinohydrazone)|Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) 3363 benziodarone minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74) mizoribine|bredinin|beta-Bredinin 3364 gossypol A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. moctanin|monoctanoin|octanoic acid 1-monoglyceride|alpha-Monocaprylin 3365 betamethasone butyrate propionate a topical corticosteroid 3366 glucametacin indomethacin analog; structure moxestrol|moxestrel|moxesterol|RU-16117|RU 16117 3368 tenofovir disoproxil Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is the fumarate salt of the prodrug tenofovir disoproxil. Tenofovir disoproxil is absorbed and converted to the active substance tenofovir, which is a nucleoside monophosphate (nucleotide) analogue. Tenofovir is then converted to the active metabolite, tenofovir diphosphate, an obligate chain terminator, by constitutively expressed cellular enzymes. Tenofovir diphosphate has an intracellular half-life of 10 hours in activated and 50 hours in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Tenofovir diphosphate inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the HBV polymerase by direct binding competition with the natural deoxyribonucleotide substrate and, after incorporation into DNA, by DNA chain termination. Tenofovir diphosphate is a weak inhibitor of cellular polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma. At concentrations of up to 300 umol/l, tenofovir has also shown no effect on the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA or the production of lactic acid in in vitro assays. myrophine|leucodiniene|myricodine|myrocodine|myrophin|myrophinium 3369 ceforanide naphazoline nitrate|naphazoline|naphthazoline|naphthizine|nephazoline|rhinazine|naphazoline hydrochloride|naphazoline HCl 337 fudosteine fudosteine is the (R)-isomer 3370 cefminox 2-naphthol|2-Hydroxynaphthalene|betanaphthol|2-Naphthalenol 3371 estramustine phosphate 3372 latamoxef Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections. 3375 perfluamine 3377 apalcillin neridronic acid|neridronate 3378 cefoselis 3379 penfluridol One of the long-acting ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS used for maintenance or long-term therapy of SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS. nicotinic acid benzyl ester|benzyl nicotinate|benzyl pyridine-3-carboxylate|niacin benzyl ester|rubriment 338 methylephedrine 3380 falecalcitriol nifenalol|isophenethanol|racemic nifenalol 3381 cefotiam One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. nifuroxime|nitrofuraldoxime|micofur|mycofur|nitrofuroxime 3382 protoverine nifurpirinol|furanace|furpirinol|furpyrinol|prefuran 3383 pirozadil nikethamide|anacardone|anacordone|niamine|nicamide|nicetamide|nicethamide|nicorine|nicotinic acid diethylamide|carbamidal|pyricardyl 3384 daunorubicin A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS. nimustine|nimustine hydrochloride|nimustine HCl 3385 gadoxetic acid DTPA covalently linked to the lipoohilic ethoxybenzyl moiety; a contrast agent in MR imaging of hepatobiliary system 3386 rolitetracycline A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE. ledakrin|C-283|C283|nitracrine 3388 gliquidone 3389 dutasteride A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. (+)-Norpseudoephedrine|norpseudoephedrine|cathine|pseudonorephedrine 339 mexiletine Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties. bentiuracil|basdene|6-Benzyl-2-thiouracil|benzylthiouracil 3390 dexamethasone acefurate norvinisterone|neoprogestin 3391 lumefantrine Lumefantrine is an antimalarial agent. Available data suggest lumefantrine inhibits the formation of beta-hematin by forming a complex with hemin. noxythiolin|Noxyflex S|noxytioline|noxytiolin 3392 nilotinib Nilotinib is an inhibitor of the BCR-ABL kinase. Nilotinib binds to and stabilizes the inactive conformation of the kinase domain of ABL protein. In vitro, nilotinib inhibited BCR-ABL mediated proliferation of murine leukemic cell lines and human cell lines derived from patients with Ph+ CML. Under the conditions of the assays, nilotinib was able to overcome imatinib resistance resulting from BCR-ABL kinase mutations, in 32 out of 33 mutations tested. In vivo, nilotinib reduced the tumor size in a murine BCR-ABL xenograft model. octabenzone 3393 rocuronium Rocuronium bromide is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid to intermediate onset depending on dose and intermediate duration. It acts by competing for cholinergic receptors at the motor end-plate. This action is antagonized by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine and edrophonium. octacaine|amplicaine|octacaine hydrochloride|octacaine HCl 3394 proscillaridin A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill). octenidine 3395 cortivazol octocrylene|octocrilene 3396 tocopherol succinate octopamine|DL-Octopamine|norden|norphen|norsympathol|norsympatol|norsynephrine|racemic octopamine|p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine|p-Octopamine|octopamine hydrochloride|octopamine HCl 3397 ketoconazole Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients. 3398 terconazole 3399 cefsulodin A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. oleandrin|corrigen|foliandrin|folinerin|neriostene|oleandrine 34 choline A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. 1592U89|abacavir|abacavir sulfate|ziagen|abacavir succinate 340 methoxyphenamine bephenium|bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 3400 aprepitant Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors. Aprepitant has little or no affinity for serotonin (5-HT3), dopamine, and corticosteroid receptors, the targets of existing therapies for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Aprepitant has been shown in animal models to inhibit emesis induced by cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin, via central actions. oleic acid|9Z-Octadecenoic acid|oleate|oleate sodium 3401 tocopheryl nicotinate ornithine|L-Ornithine|(S)-2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid|(S)-Ornithine 3402 betacarotene A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). orotic acid|orotonin|oroturic|orotyl|Vitamin B13|6-Uracilcarboxylic acid 3403 ambenonium A quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with actions similar to those of NEOSTIGMINE, but of longer duration. Ambenonium is given by mouth in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1112) aminobenz|methyl 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoate|orthoderm|Methyl m-amino-p-hydroxybenzoate|orthocaine 3404 nafiverine oxamarin hydrochloride|oxamarin|oxamarin HCl 3405 mezlocillin Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections. dilvasene|oxapropanium|oxapropanium iodide 3406 ciclesonide nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis oxendolone|16beta-Ethyl-19-nortestosterone 3407 romidepsin a bicyclic depsipeptide and a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor from Chromobacterium violaceum oxetacaine|oxaine|oxethazaine|storocain|storocaine|mucoxin|strocain 3408 cefonicid A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections. oxyconazole|Ro 13-8996|oxiconazole|oxiconazole nitrate 3409 epirubicin An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. oxidronic acid|hydroxymethanediphosphonic acid|hydroxymethylenediphosphonate|hydroxymethylenediphosphonic acid|oxidronate disodium 341 rimantadine An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. bepotastine|bepotastine besilate|bepreve|bepotastine besylate 3410 doxorubicin Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN. oxiniacic acid|3-Carboxypyridine 1-oxide|N-Hydroxynicotinic acid|nicotinic acid oxide 3411 prednisolone sulfobenzoate oxophenarsine hydrochloride|arsenoxide|arsphenoxide|mapharsen|mapharside|metarsen|oxiarsolan|treparsen|oxophenarsine|oxophenarsine HCl 3412 meproscillarin semi-synthetic derivative of proscillaridin of Scilla (Liliaceae); structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6625; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer benzophenone-3|oxybenzone|oxybenzon 3413 octotiamine oxycinchophen|chinoxone|fenidrone|hydroxycinchophene|oxinofen 3415 ceftazidime Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients. oxypendyl|oxipendyl|oxypendyl hydrochloride|oxypendyl HCl 3416 cefazedone pamaquine|aminoquin|beprochine|pamaquin|plasmoquin|plasmoquine|praequine|prequine 3417 peruvoside pantethine|lipodel|pantetina|panthecin|pantomin|pantosin 3418 fluphenazine enanthate parsalmide|parsal|sinovial 342 memantine AMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. It has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent. bepridil hydrochloride hydrate|bepridil hydrochloride|bepridil|dl-Bepridil|(+/-)-Bepridil|bepricol|Org 5730|bepridil monohydrochloride monohydrate|bepridil monohydrochloride|cordium|bepridil HCl 3421 octenidine Cephalosporin N|adicillin|adicillinum|Penicillin N|salmotin|Synnematin B 3422 bufeniode allomercaptomethylpenicillin|allylmercaptomethylpenicillin|allylmercaptomethylpenicillinic acid|allylthiomethylpenicillin|almecillin|Penicillin O 3423 bosentan a specific and competitive antagonist at endothelin receptor types ETA and ETB, has a slightly higher affinity for ETA receptors than for ETB receptors, indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension pentagestrone 3424 aliskiren Renin is secreted by the kidney in response to decreases in blood volume and renal perfusion. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is converted to the active octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) by ACE and non-ACE pathways. Ang II is a powerful vasoconstrictor and leads to the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and prejunctional nerve endings. It also promotes aldosterone secretion and sodium reabsorption. Together, these effects increase blood pressure. Ang II also inhibits renin release, thus providing a negative feedback to the system. This cycle, from renin through angiotensin to aldosterone and its associated negative feedback loop, is known as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Aliskiren is a direct renin inhibitor, decreasing plasma renin activity (PRA) and inhibiting the conversion of angiotensinogen to Ang I. Whether aliskiren affects other RAAS components, e.g., ACE or non-ACE pathways, is not known. pentazocine|pentazocin|dl-Pentazocine|cis-(+/-)-Pentazocine|pentazocine hydrochloride|pentazocine lactate|pentazocine HCl 3425 arbekacin 3426 ceftriaxone A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears. pentorex|phenpentermine|dl-Phenpentermine 3427 pantethine pentaerythritol trinitrate|pentrinitrol|pentaerythrityl trinitrate|petrin 3429 niceritrol An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions. perfluorohexane|perflexane|tetradecafluorohexane 343 cloxiquine has antitubercular activity procylin|beraprost sodium|beraprost 3430 dronedarone Dronedarone has antiarrhythmic properties belonging to all four Vaughan-Williams classes, but the contribution of each of these activities to the clinical effect is unknown. perfosfamide|hydroperoxycyclofosfamide 3431 demecarium major descriptor (65-85); on-line search AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search DEMECARIUM BROMIDE (65-85) perimethazine|leptryl|perimetazine 3432 acetrizoic acid An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY. 3433 cefpodoxime proxetil Prodrug for cefpodoxime phanquinone|enthobex|entobex|entronon|phanchinone|phanquinonum|phanquone 3434 vecuronium Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents. phenacaine|fenacaine|holocaine|tanicaine 3435 phenobutiodil phenadoxone|heptazone|morphodone|phenodoxone|phenadoxone hydrochloride|phenadoxone HCl 3436 alatrofloxacin prodrug of trovafloxacin phenetharbital|phenidiemal|phetharbital|pyrictal 3437 olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle. phenocoll|phenamine|phenokoll 3438 atorvastatin A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors. phenolphthalol|regmolax|normolax 3439 halopredone acetate phenolsulfonphthalein|fenolipuna|phenol red|phenolsulfonephthalein|phenolsulphonphthalein|sulfonphthal|sulphental|sulphonthal 344 inositol An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction. 3440 sulfamazone 3441 deferoxamine Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form. phenoperidine|fenoperidina|fenoperidine|phenoperidin|phenoperidine hydrochloride|phenoperidine HCl 3445 protoporphyrin tymazoline|pernazene 3446 ecamsule an organic chemical agent capable of absorbing light throughout the entire UVA spectrum undecylenic acid|10-Undecenoic acid|10-Hendecenoic acid 3448 fosinopril A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. narconumal|5-Allyl-5-isopropyl-1-methylbarbituric acid|enallylpropymal 3449 dihydroergocornine A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains isopropyl sidechains at the 2' and 5' positions of the molecule. glypinamide|azepinamide|parinase 345 galactose An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood. betacarotene|provatene|beta-Carotene|beta carotene 3451 enocitabine guaiacol carbonate|diguaiacyl carbonate 3452 desoxymycin guaiacol phosphate 3453 cefcapene pivoxil guaiapate|klamar 3454 nelfinavir A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. There was some evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but no clinical trial data was found to support use in the treatment of COVID-19. cyclazenine|guanacline|guanacline sulfate 3455 brovanexine guanazodine 3456 cefuroxime pivoxetil halethazole|episol|haletazole|haletazole citrate|haletazole tartrate|haletazole oxalate|haletazole hydrochloride|haletazole HCl 3457 formocortal halopropane|tebron 3458 isepamicin hexacarbacholine bromide|calbogen|carbolonium bromide|hexcarbacholine bromide|imbretil|hexcarbacholine 3459 iodol hexacyclonate sodium|1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid|repriscal|hexacyclonic acid|sodium hexacyclonate 346 fructose A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. betahistine dihydrochloride|betahistine hydrochloride|betahistine methanesulfonate|betahistine dihydrobromide|betahistine|beta-histine|betahistine mesilate|merislon|betahistine mesylate 3460 diathymosulfone bisnorephedrin|norphedrin|apophedrin|phenylethanolamine|phenethanolamine 3461 carbenoxolone An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity. phenylpropylmethylamine|N-Methyl-2-phenylpropylamine|phenpromethamine|vonedrine 3462 iopanoic acid Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid. phenyl salicylate|phenol salicylate|salphenyl|salol 3463 iophenoic acid pholedrine sulfate|pholedrine|racemic pholedrine|(+/-)-Pholedrine 3464 pancuronium A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release. phosphocreatine|N-Phosphorocreatine|N-Phosphorylcreatine|phosphorylcreatine|fosfocreatine 3465 cytarabine ocfosfate phytic acid|fytic acid|inositol hexaphosphate|phyliance|sodium phytate 3466 cefotetan A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. piberaline 3467 zafirlukast a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist picloxydine dihydrochloride|picloxydine hydrochloride|picloxydine HCl|vitabact|picloxydine 3468 oleandrin picoperine|picoperidamine 3469 beta-Ergocryptine 347 glucose A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. betaine|oxyneurine|betafin|glycine betaine|betaine anhydrous|betaine hydrochloride|betaine chloride|cystadane|betaine HCl 3470 alpha-Ergocryptine a component of the ergotoxine complex; it is the main ergot alkaloid of Japanese & South American wid grasses; minor descriptor (76-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (76-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer) U-27|pifarnine|pifazin 3471 deserpidine minor descriptor (66-84); on-line search RESERPINE/AA (75-84), RESERPINE (66-74); Index Medicus search RESERPINE/AA (75-84), YOHIMBANS (69-74), RESERPINE (66-68); RN given refers to (3beta,16beta,17alpha,18beta,20alpha)-isomer pildralazine|propyldazine 3472 difebarbamate pimefylline|pimephylline 3473 prednisolone farnesylate LD 4644|pipebuzone|elarzone 3475 lapatinib A quinazoline derivative that inhibits EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR and HER2 (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2) tyrosine kinases. It is used for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer, where tumors overexpress HER2. piposulfan|ancyte 3476 streptomycin An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis. pirenoxine|pirfenoxone|pyrphenoxone 3477 ergotamine A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. piridocaine|2-Piperidineethanol anthranilate|piridocaine hydrochloride|piridocaine HCl 3478 azelnidipine piritramide|dipidolor|dipiritramide|pirdolan|piridolan|pirinitramide 3479 porfimer The purified component of HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE, it consists of a mixture of oligomeric porphyrins. It is used in photodynamic therapy (HEMATOPORPHYRIN PHOTORADIATION); to treat malignant lesions with visible light and experimentally as an antiviral agent. It is the first drug to be approved in the use of PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY in the United States. piroctone olamine|octopirox|piroctone 348 acetylsalicylic acid The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5) betamethasone|betadexamethasone|betametasone|betamethazone|bethamethasone 3480 dihydrostreptomycin A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS. plasmocid|rhodochin|rhodoquine 3481 dihydroergotamine A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. podophyllotoxin|podofilox|condyline 3482 ouabain A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE. polyestradiol phosphate|estradurin|polyestrol phosphate 3483 cefodizime posaconazole|noxafil|posaconazol|SCH 56592|SCH-56592 3484 amikacin A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics. posatireline|RGH-2202|pyladox|posatirelin 3485 fosamprenavir a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir guaiacolsulfonate|potassium guaiacolsulfonate|potassium sulfoguaiacolate|sulfoguaiacol|sulfogaiacol|potassium hydroxymethoxybenzenesulfonate hemihydrate 3486 tigecycline Tigecycline inhibits protein translation in bacteria by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and blocking entry of amino-acyl tRNA molecules into the A site of the ribosome. This prevents incorporation of amino acid residues into elongating peptide chains. In general, tigecycline is considered bacteriostatic; however, tigecycline has demonstrated bactericidal activity against isolates of S. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila. practolol|(+/-)-Practolol|eraldin|teranol|dl-Practolol 3487 myrophine pramocaine hydrochloride|pramoxine|pramoxine hydrochloride|pramocain|pramocaine|pramoxin|pramoxine HCl 3488 montelukast Montelukast is an orally active compound that binds with high affinity and selectivity to the CysLT1 receptor (in preference to other pharmacologically important airway receptors, such as the prostanoid, cholinergic, or beta-adrenergic receptor). Montelukast inhibits physiologic actions of cysteinyl leukotriene LTD4 at the CysLT1 receptor without any agonist activity. prednival|prednisolone 17-valerate 3489 hidrosmin a benzopyrone derivative; water-soluble flavonoid pristinamycine|pristinamycin 349 theophylline A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The name "prickly burweed" is sometimes used but causes confusion with AMSINCKIA. betamethasone acetate 3490 penimepicycline procymate|cyclohexylpropyl carbamate|procymat 3491 irinotecan Irinotecan is a derivative of camptothecin. Camptothecins act as specific inhibitors of the enzyme DNA topoisomerase I. Irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 bind reversibly to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and induce single-strand DNA lesions which block the DNA replication fork and are responsible for the cytotoxicity. Irinotecan is metabolized by carboxylesterase to SN-38. SN-38 is approximately 1000 times as potent as irinotecan as an inhibitor of topoisomerase I purified from human and rodent tumour cell lines. 3492 antrafenine propallylonal|bromoaprobarbital|propaldon|ibomal 3493 etoposide A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. propamidine|panamidin|propamidine dihydrochloride|propamidine hydrochloride|propamidine HCl|propamidine isetionate|propamidine isethionate 3495 rescimetol betaprone|beta-propiolactone|1,3-propiolactone|propanolide|hydracrylic acid beta-lactone|propiolactone|2-Oxetanone|propiolattone 3496 fluphenazine decanoate propoxycaine hydrochloride|propoxycaine|pravocaine|ranocaine|ravocaine|propoxycaine HCl 3498 hexobendine A potent vasoactive agent that dilates cerebral and coronary arteries, but slightly constricts femoral arteries, without any effects on heart rate, blood pressure or cardiac output. protiofate|protiofat 3499 cefteram pivoxil 35 benzyl alcohol A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. abarelix|plenaxis|PPI-149|R3827 350 theobromine 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9) betamethasone acibutate 3500 sultamicillin contains ampicillin & sulbactam Protoporphyrin IX|protoporphyrin|protoporphyrinprotoporphyrin disodium 3501 selenium (75Se) tauroselcholic acid 3503 keracyanin an anthocyanin compound 3504 rapacuronium a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid onset of action acts by competing for cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate 3505 iopodic acid Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704) geriavit|3-pyridine-acetic acid|3-pyridineacetic acid|3-pyridylacetic acid|piristerol|homonicotinic acid 3506 metofenazate pyridoxal 5-phosphate|codecarboxylase|coenzyme B6|phosphopyridoxal|phosphopyridoxal coenzyme|pyridoxal 5-monophosphoric acid ester|pyridoxal monophosphate|pyridoxaldehyde phosphate|pyridoxyl phosphate|Vitamin B6 phosphate|Vitamin B6 (Active form)|pyridoxal phosphate 3507 hematoporphyrin Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS. pyrinoline|surexin 3508 nicofuranose derivative of nicotinic acid that produces fewer side effects than pure nicotinic acid; used in peripheral vascular disease; also proposed as anticholesteremic; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line search NIACIN/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search NIACIN/AA (83-84), NICOTINIC ACIDS (75-82) pyrithione|N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione|omadine 3509 cideferron presidon|benedorm|didropyridine|dihydroprylone|persedon|pyrithyldion|pyrithyldione 3511 pentosan polysulfate A sulfated pentosyl polysaccharide with heparin-like properties. pyrovalerone hydrochloride|pyrovalerone|pyrovalerone HCl 3512 tipranavir Tipranavir is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor that inhibits the virus-specific processing of the viral Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins in HIV-1 infected cells, thus preventing formation of mature virions. There was some evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but no clinical trial data was found to support use in the treatment of COVID-19. pyrrocaine monohydrochloride|pyrrocaine hydrochloride|pyrrocaine|endocaine|pirothesin 3513 pipecuronium A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures. pyrrolnitrin|pyrrolnitrine 3515 benzonatate 3516 dilazep Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity. 3517 polysorbate 80 Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals. ramifenazone hydrochloride|ramifenazone|isopirina|isopropylaminoantipyrine|isopropylaminophenazone|isopyrin|isopyrine|isopyrin hydrochloride|isopyrin HCl 3519 fulvestrant An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. ranimustine|cymerin|cymerine 352 propylparaben antebate|betamethasone butyrate propionate 3520 diosmin A bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls. Org-9487|Org 9487|Org9487|rapacuronium bromide|raplon|rapacuronium 3521 reserpine An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use. TVP-1022|rasagiline hydrochloride|rasagiline|azilect|(R)-(+)-Rasagiline|rasagiline mesylate|TV-1030|rasagiline mesilate 3522 methoserpidine reserpiline hydrochloride|reserpiline|(-)-Reserpiline|elliptamine|reserpilin|reserpiline HCl 3523 dexniguldipine resibufogenin|bufogenin|recibufogenin|respigon 3524 tubocurarine A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae. resorcinol|resorcin|benzene-1,3-diol 3525 rutoside A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. revaprazan hydrochloride|revaprazan|revaprazan HCl|YH 1885|revanex|YH1885 3526 candesartan cilexetil a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist ribostamycin sulfate|ribostamycin|hetangmycin|vistamycin|ribostamycin sulfate salt 3527 manidipine ricinoleic acid|ricinic acid|ricinolic acid 3529 dihydroergocristine A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule. rioprostil|rostil|ORF15927|ORF-15927|RWJ15927|RWJ-15927 353 rilmenidine Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION. betamethasone dipropionate|diproderm|diprosone 3530 novobiocin An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189) 3531 cefpiramide antipseudomonal cephalosporin derivative libertek|roflumilast|daxas|daliresp|BY217|B9302-107|BYK20869 3532 indinavir A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability. linomide|LS-2616|roquinimex 3533 iotalamic acid A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts. ruboxistaurin mesilate monohydrate|ruboxistaurin mesilate|ruboxistaurin mesylate|ruboxistaurin 3534 diatrizoate A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. rufinamide|inovelon|banzel|CGP-33101|CGP 33101 3535 iomeglamic acid rutin|globulariacitrin|globularicitrin|myrticalorin|myrticolorin|quercetin 3-O-rutinoside|quercetin 3-rutinoside|quercetin rutinoside|rutabion|rutine|rutinic acid|rutoside 3536 iocetamic acid was MH 1975-92 (see under IODOBENZENES 1975-90); use IODOBENZENES to search IOCETAMIC ACID 1975-92 sabcomeline|sabcomeline hydrochloride|SB-202026-A|sabcomeline HCl 3537 framycetin A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) salazosulfadimidine|salazosulphadimidine|azudimidine|salazodimidine|salcylazosulfamethazine|salicylazosulfadimidine 3539 paromomycin An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES. salicylanilide|2-Hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamide|ansadol|N-Phenylsalicylamide|salicylanilid|salicylic acid anilide|salifebrin|salinide|salinidol|salnide 354 protionamide Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents. betamethasone valerate|bextasol|celeston valerate|valisone|bedermin 3541 cefditoren pivoxil salicylsulfuric acid|salicyl hydrogen sulfate|salicylic acid sulfate|salicylic acid sulfuric acid ester|salicylic sulfate 3542 butobendine saralasin acetate|saralasin acetate hydrate|saralasin|aralasin 3543 tiratricol scarlet ointment|scarlet red|o-Tolueneazo-o-toluene-beta-naphthol 3544 triamcinolone benetonide selenomethionine|vitaselenium|selenomax|L-Selenomethionine 3545 tirilazad a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox 3546 guamecycline siccanin|(-)-Siccanin 3547 tocofibrate silver picrate 3548 pirarubicin thelin|sitaxentan|sitaxentan sodium|sitaxsentan|TBC11251|TBC-11251 3549 cefbuperazone arsanilic acid|4-Aminobenzenearsonic acid|4-Arsanilic acid|4-Arsonoaniline|aminophenylarsine acid|atoxylic acid|p-Anilinearsonic acid 355 teflurane betamipron|3-Benzamidopropionic acid|Benzoyl-beta-alanine 3550 dabigatran etexilate A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. TETRADECYL HYDROGEN SULFATE (ESTER)|tetradecyl sulfate|sodium tetradecyl sulfate|sodium sotradecol|sotradecol|tetradecyl sulfuric acid 3551 bemotrizinol solasulfone|phenopryldiasulfone|phenopryldiasulfone sodium|solapsone|solusulfone|sulfetrone|sulfonazina|sulfonazine|sulphetrone|sulphonazine 3552 metrizoic acid A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt. sorbitan laurate 3553 iodamide An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) stallimycin|Distamycin 3|Distamycin A|stallimycin hydrochloride|stallimycin HCl 3554 lopinavir An HIV protease inhibitor used in a fixed-dose combination with RITONAVIR. It is also an inhibitor of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A. There was some evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but no clinical trial data was found to support use in the treatment of COVID-19. 3555 anazolene 3557 dexamethasone palmitate a liposteroid for treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis dibenzthionum|sulbentine|afungin|carbothialdine|dibenzthion|dibenzthione|sulbentin 3558 efonidipine sulfabenzamide|sulfabenzamid|sulfabenzid|sulfabenzide|sulfabenzoylamide 356 tyrosine A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin. betaxolol|(+/-)-Betaxolol|betaxolol hydrochloride|betaxolol HCl 3560 rescinnamine sulfadicramide|sulfanildimethylacryloylamide|sulfauridin|sulfirgamid|sulfirgamide 3561 thyropropic acid sulfamidochrysoidine|prontosil rubrum|streptozon|parazol|prontosil flavum|prontosil red|red streptocide|streptocide|sulfamidochrysoidin|sulfonamidochrysoidine 3563 bunamiodyl 3564 nicomol 3565 tyropanoate A diagnostic aid as a radiopaque medium in cholecystography. xyloylsulfamine|sulfaxylamide|irgafen|irgaphene|sulfametoyl 3566 amiodarone An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. bemarside|sulfarside sodium|RP 4482|sulfarside|sulpharside 3567 acarbose An inhibitor of ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES that retards the digestion and absorption of DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES in the SMALL INTESTINE. sulfathiourea|solufontamide|sulfanilthiocarbamide|sulfanilthiourea|sulfathiocarbamid|sulfathiocarbamide 3568 zorubicin sulfinalol|sulfinalol hydrochloride|sulfinalol HCl 3569 cefoperazone Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections. sulfiram|sulfirame|sulfiramum|tetrucid 357 styramate betazole hydrochloride|betazole|betazole HCl|histalog|betazole dihydrochloride|ametazole 3570 prednimustine Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. trional|sulfonethylmethane|ethylsulfonal|methylsulfonal 3571 liothyronine A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3. 3572 methylprednisolone suleptanate prodrug of methylprednisolone sulisobenzone monosodium|sulisobenzone sodium|benzophenone-4|sulisobenzone 3573 dimethyltubocurarinium from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr sulmarin 3576 bromocriptine A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. 3578 teniposide A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle. arakoda|krintafel|tafenoquine succinate|tafenoquine 3579 bisoctrizole talastine monohydrochloride|talastine hydrochloride|talastine HCl|ahanon|talastine|benzylphthalazone 358 adrenalone bethanechol|carbamoyl-beta-methylcholine|carbamyl-beta-methylcholine|liberan|bethanechol chloride 3580 fytic acid Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent. tamibarotene|amnolake|Am80 3581 zinostatin An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic. 3582 iobenzamic acid taribavirin hydrochloride|taribavirin|ribamidine|viramidine|taribavirin HCl 3583 clindamycin palmitate teflurane|tefluran 3584 natamycin Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically. terazosin|terazosin hydrochloride|terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous|terazosine|terazosin hydrochloride hydrate|terazosin HCl 3585 sizofiran A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach. 3586 inulin A starch found in the tubers and roots of many plants. Since it is hydrolyzable to FRUCTOSE, it is classified as a fructosan. It has been used in physiologic investigation for determination of the rate of glomerular function. 3587 syrosingopine tetrachloroethylene|ethylene tetrachloride|perchlorethylene|perchloroethylene|tetrachlorethylene|tetrachloroethene 3588 alcuronium A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to TUBOCURARINE. It is used as an anesthesia adjuvant, for endotracheal intubation and to produce muscle relaxation in general anesthesia during surgical procedures. tetraethylphthalamide|analetil|geastigmol|geastimol 3589 etoposide phosphate Etoposide phosphate is a prodrug that is converted to its active moiety, etoposide, by dephosphorylation. Etoposide causes the induction of DNA strand breaks by an interaction with DNA-topoisomerase II or the formation of free radicals, leading to cell cycle arrest, primarily at the G2 stage of the cell cycle, and cell death. 359 acamprosate The mechanism of action of acamprosate in maintenance of alcohol abstinence is not completely understood. Chronic alcohol exposure is hypothesized to alter the normal balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. In vitro and in vivo studies in animals have provided evidence to suggest acamprosate may interact with glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems centrally, and has led to the hypothesis that acamprosate restores this balance. esbatal|bethanidine|betanidine|betanidine sulfate|bethanidine sulfate 3590 capreomycin Cyclic peptide antibiotic similar to VIOMYCIN. It is produced by Streptomyces capreolus. 3591 pentamycin tetrahydrozoline nitrate|tetrahydrozoline|(+/-)-Tetrahydrozoline|ocuzolin|tetryzolin|tetryzoline|dl-Tetrahydrozoline|tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride|tetrahydrozeline hydrochloride|tetrahydrozeline nitrate|tetrahydrozoline HCl|tetrahydrozeline HCl 3592 saquinavir An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A. There was some evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but no clinical trial data was found to support use in the treatment of COVID-19. tetrofosmin 3593 cefpimizole semisynthetic cephalosporin 3594 iopronic acid 3595 thymopentin Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. It is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies. thialbarbital sodium|thialbarbital|thialbarbitone|thialpenton|thialbarbitone sodium 3596 temoporfin used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY thiamiprine|aminoazathioprin|guaneran|tiamiprin|tiamiprine 3597 prednisolone steaglate promizol|promizole|thiazolesulfone|thiazosulfone 3598 enviomycin Cyclic basic peptide related to VIOMYCIN. It is isolated from an induced mutant of Streptomyces griseoverticillatus var. tuberacticus and acts as an antitubercular agent with less ototoxicity than tuberactinomycin. 3599 viomycin A strongly basic peptide, antibiotic complex from several strains of Streptomyces. It is allergenic and toxic to kidneys and the labyrinth. Viomycin is used in tuberculosis as several different salts and in combination with other agents. 36 aminopicoline 360 pyridostigmine A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. calvan|CI 775|bevantolol|bevantolol hydrochloride|bevantolol HCl 3600 oleandomycin Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus. 3601 dalfopristin component of RP-59500 thiram|rhenogran|tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide|tetramethylthiuram bisulfide|tetramethylthiuram disulfide|tetramethylthiuram disulphide|thioscabin|thiuram|thiuramin|thiuramyl|thylate 3603 glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide 3604 cefotiam hexetil thyropropic acid|atralose|birodan|triopron|triprop 3606 posaconazole an antifungal medicine that belongs to the triazole group, it works by preventing the formation of ergosterol, which is an important part of fungal cell walls tigloidine|3beta-Tigloyloxytropane|tigloidin|tigloyl pseudotropine|tiglylpseudotropine|tiglyssin 3607 sulbutiamine a glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and neurotropic agent which in animals improved learning ability & resistance to fatigue acnosan|camyna|thidoxol|thioxolon|thioxolone|tioxolon|tioxolone 3608 atazanavir An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS. There was some evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but no clinical trial data was found to support use in the treatment of COVID-19. 3609 itraconazole A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis. tipranavir|aptivus|PNU-140690|PNU 140690 361 oxilofrine LGD 1069|bexarotene|targretin|targretyn|targrexin 3610 lucimycin A macrolide antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces lucensis. 3611 bietaserpine hypotensive agent; structure tiratricol|triacana 3612 talaporfin effective tumor localizer that brings about the selective degradation of tumor tissue following light exposure; structure given in first source 3613 digitalin tocopherol (vit E)|Vitamin E|Tocofer 400 3614 tretinoin tocoferil a hybrid compound composed of alpha-tocopherol esterified with retinoic acid; RN refers to (2R*(4R*,8R*)-(+-))-isomer tolciclate|fungifos|kilmicen|tolmicen 3617 verteporfin A benzoporphyrin derivative that is used in PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY to treat wet type MACULAR DEGENERATION. tolnaftate|tolnaphthate|tolsanil|tonoftal 3619 ritonavir Ritonavir is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of the HIV-1 protease. Inhibition of HIV protease renders the enzyme incapable of processing the Gag-Pol polyprotein precursor which leads to production of non-infectious immature HIV particles. Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) has been approved for the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). tolycaine|tolycaine hydrochloride|tolycaine HCl 362 hexapropymate bezafibrate|befizal|benzofibrate|difaterol|bezatol|bezalip 3620 valrubicin tramazoline hydrochloride|tramazoline HCl|tramazoline|rhinol 3621 petrichloral trapidil|trapymine|trapymin|rocornal|avantrin 3622 benzamycin traxanox|clearnal 3623 erythromycin A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. trengestone|retroid 3624 colfosceril palmitate used in the treatment of unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema; component of Exosurf triacetin|enzactin|fungacetin|glycerin triacetate|glycerol triacetate|glyceryl triacetate|triacetine|triacetylglycerin|triacetylglycerol 3625 glucosulfone triphysan|triphysol|micatex|tribromometacresol 3626 gadofosveset a low molecular weight molecule chelated to Gadolinium, that strongly binds to plasma proteins; Vasovist is an injectable for imaging the vascular system by magnetic resonance angiography 3627 troxerutin used in treatment of venous disorders; structure; venoruton & oxerutin is a mixture of hydroxyethyl rutinosides trichloroacetic acid|trichloracetic acid|trichloroethanoic acid 3628 Streptomycin B trichloroethylene|ethylene trichloride|1,1,2-Trichloroethylene|chlorilen|trichloroethene 3629 clarithromycin A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation. symclosene|trichloroisocyanuric acid 363 etilefrine A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent. R-4845|bezitramide monohydrochloride|bezitramide hydrochloride|bezitramide HCl|bezitramide|benzitramide|burgodin 3630 azithromycin A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Some evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected Vero E6 and Caco-2 cells has been reported but clinical importance it is unclear. Only limited information available regarding the frequency and microbiology of bacterial pulmonary coinfections or superinfections in pacients with COVID-19. triclocarban|solubacter|procutene|trichlorocarbanilide|trichlorcarban 3631 flurithromycin fluorine derivative of erythromycin triclosan 3632 benzquercin methylchromone|tricromyl|crodimyl|cromonalgina|diacromone|spasmocromona 3633 vindesine Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS). trimecaine|diethylglycinemesidide|mesdicain|mesidicaine|trimecain 3634 indocyanine green A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output. tromantadine monohydrochloride|tromantidine|tromantadine HCl|tromantadine hydrochloride|tromantadine 3635 davercin troxacitabine|troxatyl|alpha-L-Dioxolane-C 3636 lividomycin tryparsamide|triparsamide|tryparsamid|tryparsone|tryponarsyl 3638 digitoxin A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665) uredepa|avinar|Bis(ethylenimido)phosphorylurethan 3639 pentagastrin A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid. uridine triphosphate|UTP|uteplex 364 flurotyl A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy. bialamicol hydrochloride|bialamicol|camoform|biallylamicol|bialamicol HCl 3640 bisbentiamine valdetamide|epinoval|diethylallylacetamide 3641 erythromycin acistrate prodrug of erythromycin; 2'-acetyl ester & stearate salt of erythromycin 3642 hyaluronic acid A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA. xiliarx|galvus|vildagliptin|jalra|NVP-LAF237|vildagliptin hydrochloride|vildagliptin HCl 3643 levothyroxine The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. vincamine|vincadar|pervincamine 3644 dextrothyroxine The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE. vinflunine|javlor|vinflunine ditartrate 3645 iopamidol A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures. divinyl oxide|vinyl ether|divinyl ether|vinydan|vinidyl|vinether 3646 iomeprol viquidil|chinicine|desclidium|mequiverine|quinotoxine|quinotoxol 3647 vinorelbine A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES. 3648 gitoxin an isomer of digoxin; the OH group which is in the C16 position while it is in the C12 position for Digoxin 3649 digoxin A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666) visnadine|visnamine|visnacorin 365 eflornithine An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. biapenem|omegacin|biapenern|CL-186815|L-627|LJC-10627 3650 polyestradiol phosphate polymeric phosphoric acid ester of estradiol 3651 rifaximin Rifaximin is a semi-synthetic derivative of rifampin and acts by binding to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase blocking one of the steps in transcription. This results in inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis and consequently inhibits the growth of bacteria. R-83842|R83842|vorozole|rivizor|(+)-Vorozole 3652 canfosfamide a glutathione-based glutathione S-transferase-activated cytotoxin; TLK-286 is the ((R)-(-))-isomer xanomeline|LY246708|xanomeline tartrate|LY-246708 3653 estradiol mustard 3655 metrizamide A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium. 3656 erythromycin propionate A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. M.G. 1559|liosol|xenbucin|arcaterol|liofene|namol xenyrate 3657 ioxilan xibenolol 3658 iopromide xylometazoline|rhinoxilin|otrivine|xylometazoline hydrochloride|xylometazoline HCl 3659 anhydrovinblastine yohimbine|yohimbin|quebrachin|quebrachine|yohimbine hydrochloride|yohimbine HCl 366 sorbitol A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications. thoragol|bibenzonium|bibenzonium bromide 3661 sulfobromophthalein A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination. solimidine|zolimidine|zolimidin|solimidin|solitacina 3662 metildigoxin A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE). acedapsone|acetamin|diacetyldapsone|sulfadiamine|sulfodiamin|sulfodiamine 3663 bisdequalinium chloride 3664 tacrolimus A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. actinoquinol sodium|sodium etoquinol|sodium tequinol|actinoquinol 3665 solasulfone used in drug therapy of leprosy; structure allocupreide sodium|allocupreide|cupralene|cupralyl sodium|ebesal 3667 acetyldigitoxin Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside A or of DIGITOXIN. They are used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure. amanozine|n-phenylformoguanamine|urofort 3668 ioversol ambuside|ambusid|m-Benzenedisulfonamide 3669 docetaxel A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. 367 mannitol A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity. ICI 176334|ICI-176334|bicalutamide|casodex 3670 pimecrolimus an ascomycin derivative; mechanism of action involves calcineurin inhibition, blockage of T cell activation, blocking signal transduction pathways in T cells, and inhibition of the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, specifically Th1- and Th2-type cytokines aminopropyron|aminopropylon|aminopropylone|aminopropylone hydrochloride|aminopropylone HCl 3671 inositol nicotinate amisometradine|aminoisometradin|aminoisometradine|amisometradin 3673 vinblastine Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.) amotriphene|aminoxytriphene|aminoxytryphine 3674 aclarubicin An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.Aclarubicin is evaluated for the treatment of different conditions like acute myeloid leukemia, thyroid cancer, gastric cancer, lymphoma, small cell lung cancer. It is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II inhibitor being used in combination with different anticancerous drugs to obtain best therapeutic results and to reduce toxicity or side effects. amphotalide|amphothalide 3675 telithromycin a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis amprotropine phosphate|amprotropine 3676 sorbinicate 3677 troleandomycin A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN. antrafenine dihydrochloride|antrafenine hydrochloride|antrafenine|stakane 3678 mydecamycin macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599; structure apronalide|allylisopropylacetylurea|apronal|isodormid 3679 vinflunine inhibits tubulin assembly atrolactamide|themisone|2-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropionamide|2-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropylamide|2-Phenyl-2-hydroxypropionamide|DL-Atrolactamide 368 glycol salicylate component of Piadar; topical ointment of the above including 1% methanol in base bidisomide|SC 40230|SC-40230 3680 pralmorelin azacyclonol|ataractan|calmeran|azacyclonol hydrochloride|frenquel|azacyclonol HCl 3681 etiroxate mebamoxine|benmoxine|benmoxin|nerusil|neuralex 3682 iohexol An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality. benzalamide|beta-benzalbutyramide|lipidemol|lipobeta|3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butenamide 3683 glycyrrhizic acid A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 3684 rifampicin A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) 3686 acetyldigoxin Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure. benzylsulfamide|benzylsulfanilamide 3688 virginiamycin An antibiotic complex originally isolated from Streptomyces mitakaenis. It contains two principle ingredients: STREPTOGRAMIN A (mikamycin A) and STREPTOGRAMIN B (mikamycin B). 3689 vincristine An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.) bropirimine 369 flopropione bifemelane|4-(o-Benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine|bifemelane hydrochloride|bifemelane HCl 3690 rokitamycin BW 63-90|butacetin|tromal 3691 josamycin A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens. butanilicaine phosphate|butanilicaine monohydrochloride|butanilicaine hydrochloride|hostacaine|butanilicaine 3692 eptifibatide Cyclic peptide that acts as a platelet glycoprotein IIB-IIIA antagonist, reversibly inhibiting the binding of FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; and other adhesive molecules to the GPIIB-IIIA RECEPTORS of platelets. It is used in the management of UNSTABLE ANGINA and in patients undergoing coronary ANGIOPLASTY and stenting procedures. butaverine|butamiverine|butaverine hydrochloride|butaverine HCl 3693 dirithromycin butazolamide 3694 iopentol butidrine hydrochloride|butidrine|butydrine hydrochloride|idrobutamine|butidrine HCl|butydrine HCl 3695 iobitridol a nonionic monomeric low-osmolality contrast medium; structure given in second source butobendine|butobendin 3696 roxithromycin Semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin. It is concentrated by human phagocytes and is bioactive intracellularly. While the drug is active against a wide spectrum of pathogens, it is particularly effective in the treatment of respiratory and genital tract infections. 3697 Spiramycin I 3698 proglumetacin calcium iodobehenate|iododocosanoic acid calcium salt|calioben|iodobehenate calcium 3699 rifabutin A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients. camphotamide|camphetamide|camphramine|tonicorine 37 nicotinyl alcohol Alcohol analog of NICOTINIC ACID which is a direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened GANGRENE. aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside|5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside|acadesine|arasine 370 dacarbazine An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564) bifonazole|(+/-)-Bifonazole|bifazol|trifonazole 3700 paclitaxel A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death. carbiphene|carbifene|etomide|etymide|carbiphene hydrochloride|carbiphene HCl 3702 erythromycin ethyl succinate A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. carbubarb|carbubarbital|tylemalum 3704 pristinamycin An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces pristinaspiralis. It is a mixture of compounds from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A: pristinamycin IIA and IIB and from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B: pristinamycin IA, pristinamycin IB, pristinamycin IC. FI-6654|FI 6654|caroxazone|timostenil 3706 evans blue An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly. cetoxime|cetoxime hydrochloride|febramine|cetoxime HCl 3707 ivermectin A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form. In vitro data suggest evidence of activity against SARS-CoV-2, but to date available data are insufficient to recommend either for or against the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19. FDA issued a warning concerning possi-ble inappropriate use of ivermectin products intended for animals as an attempt to self-medicate for the treat-ment of COVID-19. chlorthenoxazine|apirazin|chlorethylbenzmethoxazone|ossapirina|ossazone|piroxina|reumagrip|valmorin 3708 rifapentine Rifapentine, a cyclopentyl rifamycin, inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not affect mammalian cells at concentrations that are active against these bacteria. At therapeutic levels, rifapentine inhibits RNA transcription by preventing the initiation of RNA chain formation. It forms a stable complex with bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, leading to repression of RNA synthesis and cell death. Rifapentine and its 25-desacetyl metabolite accumulate in human monocyte-derived macrophages and are bactericidal to both intracellular and extracellular M. tuberculosis bacilli. choline dehydrocholate|biscolan 3709 Spiramycin II ciclosidomine 371 mephenesin A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action. lumigan|bimatoprost|prostamide 3710 romurtide a synthetic muramyl dipeptide analog; stimulates chemotactic mobility, phagocytic activity & superoxide production by neutrophils in mice; used for the prophylaxis of leukocytopenia during radiation therapy; structure given in first source accroibile|beta-cyclohexylcrotonic acid|cicrotoic acid|cyclohexaneacrylic acid 3711 miocamycin A macrolide antibiotic that has a wide antimicrobial spectrum and is particularly effective in respiratory and genital infections. cinmetacin|cindomet|cinmethacin|indolacin 3712 Spiramycin III cioteronel|cyoctol|exandron 3713 saralasin An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION. ciramadol|ciramadol hydrochloride|WY15705|WY-15705|ciramadol HCl 3714 sirolimus A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties. Limited data describing efficacy in patients with COVID-19 is available. However, its efficacy and safety in the treatment of COVID-19 was not established. clobenzepam 3715 cargutocin clobenztropine|teprin 3716 gitoformate ICI 55,897|clobuzarit|clozic|clozic acid 3717 amphotericin B Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela. clomacran phosphate|clomacran 3718 nystatin Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3. CP-172-AP|clopirac|clopiran 3719 cisatracurium 372 succimer A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them. binifibrate|biniwas 3720 atracurium A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. 3721 deslanoside Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata. coumetarol|cumetharol|cumethoxaethane|dicoumoxyl|dicumoxan|dicumoxane 3722 everolimus A derivative of sirolimus and an inhibitor of TOR SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. It is used to prevent GRAFT REJECTION in heart and kidney transplant patients by blocking cell proliferation signals. It is also an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT. cyclarbamate|calmalone|camalon|casmalon|cyclopentaphene 3723 sucralfate A basic aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose. cyclopentobarbital|allylcyclopentenylbarbital|allylpental|cyclopental|cyclopentenylallylbarbituric acid|cyclopentobarbitone 3725 alprostadil alfadex dimazole dihydrochloride|diamthazole dihydrochloride|dimazole|diamthazole|diamethazole 3726 zotarolimus synthetic analog of rapamycin sulfonatox|thylmolsulfone|thymosulfone|timosulfone|diathymosulfone|diatox|thymol sulfone 3727 ceruletide A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. dibutoline sulfate|dibuline sulfate 3729 lanatoside C dietroxine|diethadione|dietroxin|dioxone|ledosten|persisten 373 guanacline biotin|coenzyme R|D-Biotin 3731 carbetocin carbetocin selectively binds to oxytocin receptors in the smooth muscle of the uterus, stimulates rhythmic contractions of the uterus, increases the frequency of existing contractions, and raises the tone of the uterus musculature dimethazan|elidin 3732 atosiban Atosiban is a synthetic peptide which is a competitive antagonist of human oxytocin at receptor level. In human pre-term labour, atosiban at the recommended dosage antagonises uterine contractions and induces uterine quiescence. dimorpholaminum|dimorpholamine|theraleptique|therapline|theraptique 3734 oxytocin A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION. diperodon hydrochloride|diothane hydrochloride|diperodon|diperodon HCl|diothane HCl 3735 demoxytocin octa-peptide lacking free amino group on cystine residue; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation diphemethoxidine|difemetorex|cleofil 3736 octreotide A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat hormone-secreting tumors; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC; HYPERINSULINISM; hypergastrinemia; and small bowel fistula. diphenan|difenan|diphenane|carbaurine|carphenol|parabencil|p-Benzylphenyl carbamate 3737 quinupristin component of RP 59500 dipiproverine hydrochloride|dipiproverine HCl|LD 935|dipiproverine 3738 mivacurium An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent. 3739 doxacurium according to Unlisted Drugs, BW-A938U is a bis-benzylisoquinolinium diester and a highly potent neuromuscular blocker serenium|ethoxazene hydrochloride|ethoxazene|diamazol|etoxazene|ethoxazene HCl 3741 desmopressin A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. etifelmine hydrochloride|etifelmin|etifelmine|etifelmine HCl 3742 vasopressin etymemazine|ethotrimeprazine|diquel|ethylisobutrazine|ethylisobutrazine hydrochloride 3743 plicamycin A tricyclic pentaglycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces strains that inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by adhering to DNA. It is used as a fluorescent dye and as an antineoplastic agent, especially in bone and testicular tumors. Plicamycin is also used to reduce hypercalcemia, especially that due to malignancies. exiproben sodium|exiproben 3744 lypressin The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE. feclemine|giacosil|licaran|phenetamine|phenethamine 3746 lanreotide synthetic octapeptide analog of somatostatin; inhibits accelerated transplant atherosclerosis in rabbit heart arteries fencibutirol|verecolene|biligen 3748 caspofungin Caspofungin, an echinocandin, inhibits the synthesis of beta (1,3)-D-glucan, an essential component of the cell wall of susceptible Aspergillus species and Candida species. Beta (1,3)-D-glucan is not present in mammalian cells. Caspofungin has shown activity against Candida species and in regions of active cell growth of the hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus. floredil 375 epinephrine The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS. bisacodyl|brocalax|dulcolax 3750 ioglycamic acid A radiopaque medium. It is a mixture of its meglumine and sodium salts and is used to visualize the biliary tract. LD 2988|folescutol|pholescutol 3751 escin Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility. 3752 heparin A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts. furfurylmethylamphetamine|DL-Furfenorex|furfenorex 3754 adipiodone A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. 3756 lentinan Polysaccharide isolated from the edible mushroom LENTINULA EDODES. The exact composition is unknown. meladrazine tartrate|hydramitrazine|meladrazine 376 methyprylon bisantrene dihydrochloride|bisantrene hydrochloride|bisantrene 3760 gonadorelin A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. 3761 eledoisin A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364) isopromethazine|isomethazine|isophenergan|prothiazin 3762 teicoplanin aglycone isovaleryl diethylamide|N,N-Diethylisovaleramide|valimyl|valyl|xalyl 3763 ciclosporin A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). 3764 leuprorelin A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. 3766 iotroxic acid Contrast media for intravenous cholecystography leucinocaine 3767 terlipressin Terlipressin is a synthetic vasopressin analogue with twice the selectivity for vasopressin V1 receptors versus V2 receptors. Terlipressin acts as both a prodrug for lysine-vasopressin, as well as having pharmacologic activity on its own. Terlipressin is thought to increase renal blood flow in patients with hepatorenal syndrome by reducing portal hypertension and blood circulation in portal vessels and increasing effective arterial volume and mean arterial pressure (MAP). It is used to control bleeding of ESOPHAGEAL VARICES and for the treatment of HEPATORENAL SYNDROME. mecloralurea|heraldium|ligerium|trichloroethylolmethylurea 3768 mifamurtide Mifamurtide (muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine, MTP-PE) is a fully synthetic derivative of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the smallest naturally-occurring immune stimulatory component of cell walls from Mycobacterium sp. It has similar immunostimulatory effects as natural MDP with the additional advantage of a longer half-life in plasma. Mifamurtide liposomal formulation is specifically designed for in vivo targeting to macrophages by intravenous infusion. MTP-PE is a specific ligand of NOD2, a receptor found primarily on monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages. MTP-PE is a potent activator of monocytes and macrophages. Activation of human macrophages by mifamurtide is associated with production of cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alfa), interleukin-1 (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12 and adhesion molecules, including lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In vitro-treated human monocytes killed allogeneic and autologous tumour cells (including melanoma, ovarian, colon, and renal carcinoma), but had no toxicity towards normal cells. medibazine 3769 buserelin A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications. mefexamide monohydrochloride|mefaxamid|mefexamide|timodyne|mephexamide|mexephenamide|mefessamide|mefexamide hydrochloride|mefexamide HCl 377 clortermine bisaramil|alpha-Yutac 3771 iocarmic acid see also iocarmate meglumine primacaine|metabutoxycaine hydrochloride|metabutoxycaine HCl|metabutoxycaine 3772 dactinomycin A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) metamfepramone|dimethylpropion|metamfepyramone|N-Methylephedrone|MG 559|dimepropion 3773 ioxaglic acid A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures. methallatal|mosidal 3774 goserelin A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer. silver dinaphthylmethanedisulphonate|methargen|viacutan|methylenedinaphthalenesulfonic acid disilver salt 3775 micafungin A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS. 2-(methoxymethyl)-5-nitrofuran|furamicid|furaspor|furbenal 3777 iodoxamic acid radiopaque medium used in the diagnosis of gall bladder & bile duct diseases, usually as meglumine salt; minor descriptor (81-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search TRIIODOBENZOIC ACIDS (81-86) 3778 suramin A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. bagrosin sodium|bagrosin 3779 triptorelin A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6. 378 chlorphentermine A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223) bisbentiamine 3781 eritoran diseptal B |neouliron|DB 87 3782 nafarelin A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS. penmesterol|pandrocine 3783 histrelin gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist iproheptine|iproheptine hydrochloride|iproheptine HCl 3785 depreotide moquizone 3786 dermatan sulfate A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed) 3788 abarelix 3789 bacitracin A complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The commercial preparation is a mixture of at least nine bacitracins with bacitracin A as the major constituent. It is used topically to treat open infections such as infected eczema and infected dermal ulcers. (From Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1140) naepaine|amalcaine|amylcain|amylcaine|amylsine|naopaine|naepaine hydrochloride|naepaine HCl 379 fluostigmine A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM. 3790 cetrorelix LHRH antagonist nafiverine|naftidan|naphiverine|nafiverine hydrochloride 3791 vancomycin Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear. enibomal sodium|narcobarbital|enibomal 3792 peplomycin An antineoplastic agent derived from BLEOMYCIN. nealbarbital|allylneopentylbarbituric acid|censedal|nealbarbitone|neallymal|nepental 3793 fondaparinux Synthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery. nicametate|beta-Diethylaminoethyl nicotinate 3794 betadex nidroxyzone|furadroxyl|furaxolon|nidroxyzon|nitrofuroxizonum 3796 iodixanol dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source nifurprazine|furenapyridazin|furenazin 3798 ganirelix Ganirelix is a GnRH antagonist, which modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by competitive binding to the GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland. As result a rapid, profound,reversible suppression of endogenous gonadotropins occurs, without initial stimulation as induced by GnRH agonists. norpipanone|hexalgon 3799 daptomycin A cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA. 38 resorcinol an antiseptic and disinfectant used for temporary relief of itching acamprosaic acid|acamprosate|campral|zulex|acamprosate calcium|calcium acetylhomotaurinate|N-acetylhomotaurine|calcium acetylhomotaurine 380 phosphorylcholine Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction. bisoprolol hemifumarate|bisoprolol|bisoprolol fumarate 3800 iotrolan nonionic, isotonic contrast medium designed for intrathecal use; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; DL-3-117 refers to stereoisomer; structure given in first source nimaol|octamoxin|2-Hydrazinooctane|octamoxine 3801 somatostatin A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, and other organs. SRIF can also inhibit the release of THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; and GLUCAGON besides acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In a number of species including humans, there is an additional form of somatostatin, SRIF-28 with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal. octamylamine|Octin D|octisamyl|octometine 3802 colistimethate sodium oxabolone|4-Hydroxy-19-nortestosterone 3804 acemannan 3805 telavancin an anti-infective agent parethoxycaine|parethoxycaine hydrochloride|parethoxycaine HCl 3806 dalbavancin Dalbavancin, a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide, interferes with cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of the stem pentapeptide in nascent cell wall peptidoglycan, thus preventing cross-linking. Dalbavancin is bactericidal in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes at concentrations similar to those sustained throughout treatment in humans treated according to the recommended dosage regimen. pentacynium chloride|presidal 3807 teicoplanin Lipoglycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety. pentaerythritol dichlorohydrin|chlorpropandiol|dispranol|gentimon|loprodiol|pentaerythritol dichloride 3808 alsactide pentamethonium bromide|lytensium|pentamethonium dibromide|penthonium 3809 bivalirudin designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition peruvoside|encordin|peruvosid 381 barbital A long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. It is used as a hypnotic and sedative and may induce dependence. Barbital is also used in veterinary practice for central nervous system depression. bisorcic 3810 ziconotide Ziconotide binds to N-type calcium channels located on the primary nociceptive (A-delta and C) afferent nerves in the superficial layers (Rexed laminae I and II) of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord. Although the mechanism of action of ziconotide has not been established in humans, results in animals suggest that its binding blocks N-type calcium channels, which leads to a blockade of excitatory neurotransmitter release from the primary afferent nerve terminals and antinociception. fenallymal|phenallymal|allofenyl|allophenylum|alphenal|alphenate|phenallymalum|prophenal 3811 secretin human A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597) fenbutamide|phenbutamide 3813 carperitide phenosulfazole|phenolsulfazole|phenolsulfon|phenolsulphazole 3814 thymalfasin A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients. fenoxypropazine|2-Hydrazino-1-phenoxypropane|phenoxypropazine 3815 sermorelin The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency. phenylmethylbarbituric acid|heptobarbital|mephebarbital|methylphenylbarbital 3816 elcatonin synthetic S-S bond between 1-7 amino acids displaced by C-C bond; deamino dicarba analog of eel calcitonin; has been given orphan drug approval for intrathecal treatment of intractable pain phethenylate|thiantoin|thiantoine|thyphenytoin|tiantoina|phethenylate sodium|thiatoine sodium 3817 calcitonin (salmon synthetic) picilorex|roxenan|picilorex succinate|picilorex hydrochloride|picilorex HCl 3818 nesiritide pimeclone 3819 glucagon A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511) pivhydrazine|pivazide|pivalylbenzhydrazine|betamezid|betamezide|N-Benzylpivalohydrazide|pivaloylbenzylhydrazine|pivalylbenzylhydrazine|tersavide 382 mitoguazone Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. bisoxatin acetate|exodol|lasotin|laxonalin 3821 pramlintide Pramlintide is an analog of human amylin. Amylin is colocated with insulin in secretory granules and cosecreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells in response to food intake. Amylin and insulin show similar fasting and postprandial patterns in healthy individuals. In patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there is reduced secretion from pancreatic beta cells of both insulin and amylin in response to food. Amylin affects the rate of postprandial glucose appearance through a variety of mechanisms, as determined by nonclinical studies. Amylin slows gastric emptying (i.e., the rate at which food is released from the stomach to the small intestine) without altering the overall absorption of nutrients. In addition, amylin suppresses glucagon secretion (not normalized by insulin alone), which leads to suppression of endogenous glucose output from the liver. Amylin also regulates food intake due to centrally-mediated modulation of appetite. In human studies, pramlintide, acting as an amylin analog, slows gastric emptying, reduces the postprandial rise in plasma glucagon, and modulates satiety leading to decreased caloric intake. propenzolate hydrochloride|propenzolate HCl|delinal|NDR 263|propenzolate|oxyclipine 3823 exenatide A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent. quinbolone|anabolvis|quindenione 3824 enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide interferes with the entry of HIV-1 into cells by inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Enfuvirtide binds to the first heptad-repeat (HR1) in the gp41 subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein and prevents the conformational changes required for the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. reposal|reposamal 3825 desirudin recombinant hirudin; has identical amino acid sequence as the natural hirudin variant 1 but lacks the sulphate group on Tyr(63) rescimetol|toscarna 3826 lepirudin rotraxate hydrochloride|rotraxate|traxaprone 3829 dexfosfoserine The phosphoric acid ester of serine. 3831 auranofin An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious. 3832 lubiprostone Member of a bicyclic fatty acid class of compounds derived from PROSTAGLANDIN E1 involved in chloride channel gating. subathizone|ethiazone|ethicetazone|ethizone|subathizon|p-Ethylsulfonylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 3833 vorinostat A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME. suclofenide|neosulfalepsine|sulfalepsin|sulfalepsine 3834 proline A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. 3835 asparagine A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed) sulfasomizole|amidozol|amidozole|bidizole|sulfamizole|sulfasomizol|sulphasomisole|sulphasomizole 3836 serine A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids. sulfasymazine|prosymasul|sulphsymazine|symasul 3837 valine A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. 3838 isoleucine An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels. 3839 cystine A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine. tasosartan|verdia|ANA756|ANA-756 384 apronal bitolterol methanesulfonate|tornalate|bitolterol mesylate|bitolterol|bitolterol mesilate 3842 carboplatin An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity. tigemonam 3843 pyridoxal The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. D 8955|novocebrin|tinofedrine 3844 lisdexamfetamine A dextroamphetamine drug precursor that also functions as a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT and DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER. tiomesterone|thiomesterone|thiomestrone|emdabolin 3846 paliperidone trospectomycin 3847 gentian violet A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties. vanitiolide|vanitiolid 3849 nadide A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) vinbarbital|butenemal 385 undecylenic acid a fatty acid with a terminal double bond bivalirudin|angiomax|angiox|hirulog 3850 udenafil a pyrazolo-pyrimidinone similar to sildenafil; phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor 3851 sulfadiazine silver Antibacterial used topically in burn therapy. dexibuprofen 3852 darunavir An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS. There was some evidence of in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, but no clinical trial data was found to support use in the treatment of COVID-19. 3853 sodium lauryl sulfate 3854 lutein A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. 3855 testosterone propionate An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position. docosanoic acid|behenic acid|hydrofol 3856 gadoversetamide nonionic, linear chelate used for magnetic resonance imaging of brain and spine 3857 epicriptine a sec-butyl group replaces the isobutyl group of dihydroergocryptine 3858 doripenem A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS. 386 guanazodine synonyms EGYT-739 & Sanegyt (Sanegit) refers to sulfate; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure 3860 silodosin an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source 3861 permethrin A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES. 3862 rimonabant A pyrazole and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1 RECEPTOR) antagonist. It inhibits the proliferation and maturation of ADIPOCYTES, improves lipid and glucose metabolism, and regulates food intake and energy balance. It is used in the management of OBESITY. alitretinoin|panrexin|panretyn|panretin|9-cis-retinoic acid 3863 sodium stibogluconate Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis. 3865 cabazitaxel a microtubule inhibitor, cabazitaxel binds to tubulin and promotes its assembly into microtubules while simultaneously inhibiting disassembly. This leads to the stabilization of microtubules, which results in the inhibition of mitotic and interphase cellular functions 3869 edaravone Edaravone protects neurons from oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals that may cause cellular damage, and this mechanism is expected to be effective both in patients with acute cerebral infarction and in those with ALS 387 isoflurane A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. 3870 lercanidipine 3872 cefcapene 3873 carbocisteine A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action. 3879 temsirolimus Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). Temsirolimus binds to an intracellular protein (FKBP-12), and the protein-drug complex inhibits the activity of mTOR that controls cell division. Inhibition of mTOR activity resulted in a G1 growth arrest in treated tumor cells. When mTOR was inhibited, its ability to phosphorylate p70S6k and S6 ribosomal protein, which are downstream of mTOR in the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway was blocked. In in vitro studies using renal cell carcinoma cell lines, temsirolimus inhibited the activity of mTOR and resulted in reduced levels of the hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 alpha, and the vascular endothelial growth factor. 388 enflurane An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate. blonanserin|lonasen|AD-5423 3880 dexlansoprazole Dexlansoprazole belongs to a class of antisecretory compounds, the substituted benzimidazoles, that suppress gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the (H+, K+)-ATPase at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. Because this enzyme is regarded as the acid (proton) pump within the parietal cell, dexlansoprazole has been characterized as a gastric proton-pump inhibitor, in that it blocks the final step of acid production. benidipine|benidipine hydrochloride|coniel|benidipine HCl 3881 fampridine One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS with secondary effect on calcium currents which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes. benzydamine HCl|benzydamine hydrochloride|benzydamide|benzydamine|benzidamine|benzindamine 3882 liraglutide An analog of GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1 and agonist of the GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR that is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT and supplemental therapy in the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS by patients who do not respond to METFORMIN. 3883 alcaftadine Alcaftadine is an H1 histamine receptor antagonist and inhibitor of the release of histamine from mast cells. Decreased chemotaxis and inhibition of eosinophil activation has also been demonstrated. biriperone|centbutindole 3884 ulipristal Ulipristal acetate is a selective progesterone receptor modulator with antagonistic and partial agonistic effects (a progesterone agonist/antagonist) at the progesterone receptor. It binds the human progesterone receptor and prevents progesterone from occupying its receptor. The likely primary mechanism of action of ulipristal acetate for emergency contraception is inhibition or delay of ovulation. bucricaine|bucricaine hydrochloride|bucricaine HCl 3885 fingolimod A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. 3886 lurasidone The mechanism of action of lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression is unclear. However, its efficacy in schizophrenia and bipolar depression could be mediated through a combination of central dopamine D2 and serotonin Type 2 (5HT2A) receptor antagonism. 3887 ceftaroline fosamil Ceftaroline is a cephalosporin antibacterial drug with in vitro activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The bactericidal action of ceftaroline is mediated through binding to essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Ceftaroline is bactericidal against S. aureus due to its affinity for PBP2a and against Streptococcus pneumoniae due to its affinity for PBP2x. Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime|ceretec|Technetium-99-HMPAO|technetium Tc-99m exametazime|technetium Tc-99m exametazime kit 3888 tesamorelin Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (GRF), also known as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), is a hypothalamic peptide that acts on the pituitary somatotroph cells to stimulate the synthesis and pulsatile release of endogenous growth hormone (GH), which is both anabolic and lipolytic. GH exerts its effects by interacting with specific receptors on a variety of target cells, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, myocytes, hepatocytes, and adipocytes, resulting in a host of pharmacodynamic effects. Some, but not all these effects, are primarily mediated by IGF-1 produced in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In vitro, tesamorelin binds and stimulates human GRF receptors with similar potency as the endogenous GRF. 3889 eribulin Eribulin inhibits the growth phase of microtubules without affecting the shortening phase and sequesters tubulin into nonproductive aggregates. Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage. In addition, eribulin treatment of human breast cancer cells caused changes in morphology and gene expression as well as decreased migration and invasiveness in vitro. In mouse xenograft models of human breast cancer, eribulin treatment was associated with increased vascular perfusion and permeability in the tumor cores, resulting in reduced tumor hypoxia, and changes in the expression of genes in tumor specimens associated with a change in phenotype. 3890 boceprevir Boceprevir is an inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A protease that is necessary for the proteolytic cleavage of the HCV encoded polyprotein into mature forms of the NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B proteins. Boceprevir covalently, yet reversibly, binds to the NS3 protease active site serine (S139) through an (alpha)-ketoamide functional group to inhibit viral replication in HCV-infected host cells. In a biochemical assay, boceprevir inhibited the activity of recombinant HCV genotype 1a and 1b NS3/4A protease enzymes, with Ki values of 14 nM for each subtype. 3891 telaprevir Telaprevir is an inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A serine protease, necessary for the proteolytic cleavage of the HCV encoded polyprotein into mature forms of the NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B proteins and essential for viral replication. In a biochemical assay, telaprevir inhibited the proteolytic activity of the recombinant HCV NS3 protease domain with an IC50 value of 10 nM. carbenin|Panipenem-betamipron mixt 3892 rilpivirine A diarylpyrimidine derivative and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS. It is also used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS, since ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE emerges rapidly when it is used alone. carbocysteine lysine|carbocysteine-lysine|SCMC-Lys 3893 linagliptin Linagliptin is an inhibitor of DPP-4, an enzyme that degrades the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Thus, linagliptin increases the concentrations of active incretin hormones, stimulating the release of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner and decreasing the levels of glucagon in the circulation. Both incretin hormones are involved in the physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones are secreted at a low basal level throughout the day and levels rise immediately after meal intake. GLP-1 and GIP increase insulin biosynthesis and secretion from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of normal and elevated blood glucose levels. Furthermore, GLP-1 also reduces glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, resulting in a reduction in hepatic glucose output. 3894 abiraterone acetate Abiraterone acetate is converted in vivo to abiraterone, an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, that inhibits 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (CYP17). This enzyme is expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumor tissues and is required for androgen biosynthesis. CYP17 catalyzes two sequential reactions: 1) the conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone to their 17alpha-hydroxy derivatives by 17alpha-hydroxylase activity and 2) the subsequent formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione, respectively, by C17,20 lyase activity. DHEA and androstenedione are androgens and are precursors of testosterone. Inhibition of CYP17 by abiraterone can also result in increased mineralocorticoid production by the adrenals. Androgen sensitive prostatic carcinoma responds to treatment that decreases androgen levels. Androgen deprivation therapies, such as treatment with GnRH agonists or orchiectomy, decrease androgen production in the testes but do not affect androgen production by the adrenals or in the tumor. Abiraterone acetate decreased serum testosterone and other androgens in patients in the placebo-controlled clinical trial. It is not necessary to monitor the effect of abiraterone acetate on serum testosterone levels. 3895 gabapentin enacarbil Gabapentin enacarbil is a prodrug of gabapentin and, accordingly, its therapeutic effects in restless legs syndrome and postherpetic neuralgia are attributable to gabapentin. In animal models of analgesia, gabapentin prevents allodynia (pain-related behavior in response to a normally innocuous stimulus) and hyperalgesia (exaggerated response to painful stimuli). 3896 vandetanib In vitro studies have shown that vandetanib inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGFR and VEGFR families, RET, BRK, TIE2, and members of the EPH receptor and Src kinase families. These receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in both normal cellular function and pathologic processes such as oncogenesis, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the N-desmethyl metabolite of the drug, representing 7 to 17.1% of vandetanib exposure, has similar inhibitory activity to the parent compound for VEGF receptors (KDR and Flt-1) and EGFR. In vitro, vandetanib inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in tumor cells and endothelial cells and VEGF-stimulated tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in endothelial cells. In vivo, vandetanib administration reduced tumor cell-induced angiogenesis, tumor vessel permeability, and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models of cancer. 3897 gadobutrol Gadobutrol is indicated for use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adult and pediatric patients (including term neonates) to detect and visualize areas with disrupted blood brain barrier and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system. 3898 fidaxomicin Fidaxomicin is a fermentation product obtained from the Actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum. In vitro, fidaxomicin is active primarily against species of clostridia, including Clostridium difficile by inhibiting RNA synthesis by RNA polymerases. 3899 retigabine It is a first-in-class anticonvulsant that works by activating KCNQ2/3 channels. In vitro studies indicate that ezogabine enhances transmembrane potassium currents mediated by the KCNQ (Kv7.2 to 7.5) family of ion channels. By activating KCNQ channels, ezogabine is thought to stabilize the resting membrane potential and reduce brain excitability. 39 hydroquinone skin depigmentation agent acarbose|ascarbose|glucobay|prandase|precose 390 secnidazole Secnidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole antimicrobial. 5-nitroimidazoles enter the bacterial cell as an inactive prodrug where the nitro group is reduced by bacterial enzymes to radical anions. It is believed that these radical anions interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis of susceptible isolates. bornaprine|bornaprine hydrochloride|bornaprine HCl 3900 rivaroxaban A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. 3901 indacaterol Indacaterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist. The pharmacological effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including indacaterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3’, 5’-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic monophosphate). Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. 3902 ticagrelor a cyclopentyltriazolopyrimidine, inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation mediated by the P2Y12 ADP-receptor indicated to reduce the rate of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or a history of myocardial infarction 3903 vemurafenib Vemurafenib is a low molecular weight, orally available inhibitor of some mutated forms of BRAF serine- threonine kinase, including BRAF V600E. Vemurafenib also inhibits other kinases in vitro such as CRAF, ARAF, wild-type BRAF, SRMS, ACK1, MAP4K5, and FGR at similar concentrations. Some mutations in the BRAF gene including V600E result in constitutively activated BRAF proteins, which can cause cell proliferation in the absence of growth factors that would normally be required for proliferation. Vemurafenib has anti-tumor effects in cellular and animal models of melanomas with mutated BRAF V600E. 3904 icatibant a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer 3905 crizotinib Crizotinib is an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases including ALK, Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (HGFR, c-Met), ROS1 (c-ros), and Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON). Translocations can affect the ALK gene resulting in the expression of oncogenic fusion proteins. The formation of ALK fusion proteins results in activation and dysregulation of the gene's expression and signaling which can contribute to increased cell proliferation and survival in tumors expressing these proteins. Crizotinib demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of ALK, ROS1, and c-Met phosphorylation in cell-based assays using tumor cell lines and demonstrated antitumor activity in mice bearing tumor xenografts that expressed echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)- or nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK fusion proteins or c-Met. 3907 deferiprone a chelating agent with an affinity for ferric ion (iron III) indicated for the treatment of patients with transfusional iron overload due to thalassemia syndromes 3908 hydroxyprogesterone caproate Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS. ciclonicate|cyclonicate 3909 ruxolitinib a kinase inhibitor, inhibits Janus Associated Kinases (JAKs) JAK1 and JAK2 which mediate the signaling of a number of cytokines and growth factors that are important for hematopoiesis and immune function. Although some small studies have suggested possibility of benefit from ruxolitinib in patients with COVID-19, it is not recommended the use of JAK inhibitors other than baricitinib for the treatment of COVID-19. clindamycin phosphate|cleocin phosphate|clindagel|clindamycin-2-phosphate 391 procymate LDP-341|PS-341|bortezomib|velcade|radiciol 3910 fesoterodine a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder 3911 tafamidis may be effective in treating transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy eumovate|kindavate|clobetasone butyrate|21-Chloro-11-dehydrobetamethasone|clobetasone 17-butyrate 3912 piperaquine The exact mechanism of action of piperaquine is unknown, but it likely mirrors that of chloroquine, a close structural analogue. Chloroquine binds to toxic haeme (derived from the patient’s haemoglobin) within the malaria parasite, preventing its detoxification via a polymerisation step. clorotepine|(+/-)-Clothepin|octoclothepin|chlorothepin|clotepin|clothepin|octoclothepine 3913 artenimol Artenimol is able to reach high concentrations within the parasitized erythrocytes. Its endoperoxide bridge is thought to be essential for its antimalarial activity, causing free-radical damage to parasite membrane systems. 3914 alpha-tocopherol acetate 3915 cyanocobalamin 3916 vitamin A palmitate 3917 sodium chloride A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food. 3918 potassium chloride A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA. 3919 magnesium chloride Magnesium chloride. An inorganic compound consisting of one magnesium and two chloride ions. The compound is used in medicine as a source of magnesium ions, which are essential for many cellular activities. It has also been used as a cathartic and in alloys. 392 amphenidone bosentan hydrate|bosentan monohydrate|stayveer|bosentan|actelion|tracleer|bosentan anhydrous 3920 calcium chloride A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning. dexamethasone phosphate|dexamethasone sodium phosphate|decadron|dexamethasone phosphoric acid 3921 sodium lactate The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer. 3922 sodium acetate The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant. 3924 sodium bicarbonate A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. 3925 potassium phosphate, dibasic 3926 lithium carbonate A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems. 3927 diatrizoate meglumine A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY. neodrol|androstanolone|androlone|dihydrotestosterone|stanolone 3928 prazosin A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION. 3929 oxaliplatin An organoplatinum complex in which the platinum atom is complexed with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and with an oxalate ligand which is displaced to yield active oxaliplatin derivatives. These derivatives form inter- and intra-strand DNA crosslinks that inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Oxaliplatin is an antineoplastic agent that is often administered with FLUOROURACIL and FOLINIC ACID in the treatment of metastatic COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS. 393 mafenide A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy. brallobarbital calcium|brallobarbital|allylbromoallylbarbituric acid|brallobarbitone|ucedorm|vesperone 3930 acetic acid Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed) 3931 sodium sulfate Sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate combination is used to cleanse the colon (bowel) before colonoscopy. MDL 73,147EF|dolasetron methanesulfonate hydrate|dolasetron mesylate hydrate|anzemet hydrate|anzemet|dolasetron|anemet|dolasetron mesylate|dolasetron mesilate 3932 hydrocortisone acetate The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions 3933 sodium gluconate 3934 isopropanol An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic. 3936 potassium acetate A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS. 3937 methyldopate 3938 sodium phosphate 3939 telbivudine A thymidine derivative and antiviral agent that inhibits DNA synthesis by HEPATITIS B VIRUS and is used for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B. 394 carbimazole An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity. bretylium|bretylium tosilate|bretylan|bretylate|bretylium tosylate 3940 mequinol depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd erythromycin a carbonate|davercin|erythromycin A 11,12-carbonate|erythromycin A cyclic 11,12-carbonate|erythromycin cyclic carbonate 3942 vilazodone A benzofuran, indole, and piperazine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR and partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT. 3943 pirfenidone pyridone, indicated for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ethinyl estradiol sulfonate|2-Propanesulfonic acid, 17-hydroxy-19-nor-17alpha-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yn-3-yl ester|turisteron|ethinylestradiol sulfonate 3944 axitinib A benzamide and indazole derivative that acts as a TYROSINE KINASE inhibitor of the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of advanced RENAL CELL CARCINOMA. etoposide phosphate|etopofos|etopophos 3945 ingenol mebutate protein kinase C agonist and antineoplastic 3946 vismodegib inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity 3947 ivacaftor Ivacaftor is a potentiator of the CFTR protein. The CFTR protein is a chloride channel present at the surface of epithelial cells in multiple organs. Ivacaftor facilitates increased chloride transport by potentiating the channel-open probability (or gating) of the CFTR protein. 3948 tafluprost a prostaglandin analog is a selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist which is believed to reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow 3949 Ioflupane I-123 Ioflupane binds reversibly to the human recombinant dopamine transporter (DaT). Following administration of DaTscan to humans, radioactive decay of the iodine 123 emits gamma radiation which can be detected externally using gamma detectors, allowing visualization of the brain striata through SPECT imaging. Autoradiography of post-mortem human brain slices exposed to radiolabeled ioflupane shows concentration of the radiolabel in striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). The specificity of the binding of ioflupane I 125 to dopamine transporter was demonstrated by competition studies with the DaT inhibitor GBR 12909 (a dopamine reuptake inhibitor), the serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram, and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desipramine in post-mortem human brain slices exposed to radiolabeled ioflupane. Citalopram reduced binding in the neocortex and thalamus with only minor effects in the striatum. This indicated that the binding in the cortex and thalamus is mainly to the serotonin reuptake sites. Desipramine showed no effect on the level of striatal binding of ioflupane I 125, but reduced extrastriatal binding by 60 to 85%. The binding of ioflupane I 125 to the striatum was abolished in the presence of high concentrations of GBR 12909, indicating selectivity of ioflupane binding for the pre-synaptic DaT. 395 epomediol marked choleretic activity in Wistar rats; mechanism of action may be related to increases in both the bile salt dependent & independent fractions of bile UK 14,304|mirvaso|brimonidine|brimonidine tartrate|bromoxidine 3951 lucinactant a pulmonary surfactant composed of sinapultide, colfosceril palmitate, palmitoyloleaoylphosphatidylglycerol, and palmitic acid; Aerosurf is for inhalation 3952 sugammadex Sugammadex is a modified gamma cyclodextrin which is a Selective Relaxant Binding Agent. It forms a complex with the neuromuscular blocking agents rocuronium or vecuronium in plasma and thereby reduces the amount of neuromuscular blocking agent available to bind to nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction. This results in the reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium or vecuronium. guanabenz|guanabenz acetate 3953 peginesatide an erythropoiesis stimulating agent 3955 oxygen An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. 3956 octinoxate a UV filter compound hidrosmin|venosmil 3957 titanium dioxide used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure hyaluronate sodium|hyaluronic acid|hyaluronate 3958 nitrous oxide Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream. 3959 calcium carbonate Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement. hydrocortisone butyrate|Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate|laticort|Hydrocortisone 17alpha-butyrate 396 cyclobutyrol AL-4862|brinzolamide|azopt 3960 zinc oxide A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. 3961 octisalate IY-81149|IY81149|IY 81149|ilaprazole|noltec 3962 avobenzone causes allergic or photoallergic contact dermatitis; structure given in first source 3963 sodium fluoride A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries. 3964 magnesium hydroxide An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It acts as an antacid with cathartic effects. 3965 methyl salicylate used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990 3966 Polymyxin B A mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from BACILLUS POLYMYXA strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic. iodoxamate|iodoxamate meglumine|iodoxamic acid meglumine salt|iodoxamic acid 3967 neomycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C, and acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis. 3968 pyrithione zinc dimer of two pyrithione molecules bound by zinc; ingredient of commercial anti-dandruff shampoos; Do not confuse zinc pyrithione with Raman spectrum probe dye known as zincon; antifungal and antibacterial 3969 povidone-iodine An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes. 397 capuride brivudine|brivudin|bromovinyldeoxyuridine 3970 algeldrate A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc. 3971 nitrogen An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. 3972 sodium monofluorophosphate inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd ivermectin|noramectin|noromectin|zimecterin 3973 macrogol 3974 threonine An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins. kt-136|KT 136|Iodine, compd. with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer 3975 alanine A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. keracyanin|3-O-Rutinosylcyanidin|Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside|Cyanidin 3-rhamnosylglucoside|Cyanidin 3-rutinoside|Cyanidol 3-rhamnoglucoside|cyaninoside|prunicyanin|sambucin 3976 carbon dioxide A solid form of carbon dioxide used as a refrigerant. 6-Furfuryladenine|6-Furfurylaminopurine|kinetin|N-Furfuryladenine|2-Furanmethanamine 3977 bismuth subsalicylate bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient of Pepto-Bismol and in Kaopectate; used to treat nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea and other temporary discomforts of the stomach; used with Azoles and other drugs to treat Helicobacter kojic acid|5-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4H-pyran-4-one 3978 thymol A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent. 3979 cineole A monoterpene and cyclohexanol derivative that is the major component of EUCALYPTUS OIL. It is used in mouthwash, insect repellent, and as a cough suppressant, and also is widely used as a flavoring agent and solvent. It has antimicrobial properties. lanoconazole|latoconazole|NND-318 398 aminitrozole brodimoprim|unitrim 3980 sulfur An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. 3981 ferrous fumarate used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt levomoprolol|(-)-Moprolol|levotensin|l-Moprolol 3982 helium A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. 3983 potassium nitrate lomifylline|cervilane 3984 carbamide A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. 3985 gentamicin A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. 3986 phenol An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol. mabuprofen|aminoprofen|ibuprofen aminoethanol 3987 arbutin 3988 allantoin A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations. 3989 zinc acetate A salt produced by the reaction of zinc oxide with acetic acid and used as an astringent, styptic, and emetic. 399 amrinone A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell. bromazepam|durazanil 3990 Padimate O 3991 sodium phosphate, monobasic iotroxic acid|biliscopin 3992 hydroxyproline A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. 3993 stannous fluoride Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluoride (tin difluoride). The latter is used in the prevention of dental caries. 3994 selenium sulfide 3995 zinc sulfate A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995) mildronate|quaterin|meldonium 3996 piperonyl butoxide An insecticide synergist, especially for pyrethroids and ROTENONE. milverine hydrochloride|fenpyramine hydrochloride|fenpyramine|milverine 3997 iron A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN. 3998 crospovidone A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander. octanoic acid|caprylic acid 3999 polyvinyl alcohol A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products. perflubutane|perfluorobutane|Decafluoro-butane|perflubutane polymer microspheres 40 histamine An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. IL-17803A|acebutolol HCl|acebutolol|acebutolol hydrochloride|(RS)-Acebutolol|(+/-)-Acebutolol|dl-Acebutolol 400 amanozine sodium bromebrate|bromebric acid 4000 tocofersolan A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture. 4001 magnesium citrate 4002 copper sulfate A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae. piperonyl ranitidine hydrochloride|niperotidine hydrochloride|niperotidine|piperonyl ranitidine HCl|niperotidine HCl|perultid 4003 tapentadol An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES. nitroxazepine|nitroxazepine hydrochloride|sintamil|nitroxazepine HCl 4004 silicon dioxide A non-crystalline form of silicon oxide that has absorptive properties. It is commonly used as a desiccating agent and as a stationary phase for CHROMATOGRAPHY. The fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as SILICIC ACID. mozavaptan|mozavaptan hydrochloride|physulime|OPC-31260|mozavaptan HCl 4005 Florbetapir F-18 a PET agent for Abeta plaques oxantel 4006 Molybdenum Mo-99 5-Hydroxytryptophan|triptene|cincofarm|hydroxytryptophan|oxitriptan|oxyfan|pretonine|levotinine|levothym|L-5-Hydroxytryptophan 4007 calcium acetate a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer 4008 magnesium carbonate 4009 doconexent a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement 401 pivagabine yellox|bromfenac sodium sesquihydrate|prolensa|bromfenac|xibrom|bromfenac sodium 4010 magnesium sulfate A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083) 4011 cupric oxide see also Copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide, Cu2O) 4012 enzacamene camphor derivative used as sunscreen 4013 magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide (MgO). An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses. 4015 sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate 4016 potassium iodide An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed) 4018 apixaban Apixaban is a selective inhibitor of FXa. It does not require antithrombin III for antithrombotic activity. Apixaban inhibits free and clot-bound FXa, and prothrombinase activity. Apixaban has no direct effect on platelet aggregation, but indirectly inhibits platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. By inhibiting FXa, apixaban decreases thrombin generation and thrombus development. 4019 cobicistat A carbamate and thiazole derivative that functions as a CYTOCHROME P450 CYP3A INHIBITOR to enhance the concentration of ANTI-HIV AGENTS, with which it is used in combination, for the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS. 402 selegiline A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. bromhexine|bromexine|bromhexine hydrochloride|bromhexine HCl|bromhexine monohydrochloride 4020 elvitegravir Elvitegravir inhibits the strand transfer activity of HIV-1 integrase (integrase strand transfer inhibitor; INSTI), an HIV-1 encoded enzyme that is required for viral replication. Inhibition of integrase prevents the integration of HIV-1 DNA into host genomic DNA, blocking the formation of the HIV-1 provirus and propagation of the viral infection. Elvitegravir does not inhibit human topoisomerases I or II. pentostam|sodium antimony gluconate|sodium stibogluconate|myostibin|solusurmin|stibatin|stibogluconate sodium 4021 Flutemetamol (18F) used for PET imaging of brain fibrillar amyloid beta porfimer sodium|photofrin|porfimer 4022 glycopyrronium bromide Glycopyrrolate is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, which is often referred to as an anticholinergic. It has similar affinity to the subtypes of muscarinic receptors M1 to M5. In the airways, it exhibits pharmacological effects through inhibition of M3 receptor at the smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation. The competitive and reversible nature of antagonism was shown with human and animal origin receptors and isolated organ preparations. In preclinical in vitro as well as in vivo studies, prevention of methacholine and acetylcholine induced bronchoconstrictive effects was dose-dependent and lasted longer than 24 hours. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown. The bronchodilation following inhalation of glycopyrrolate is predominantly a site-specific effect. 4024 eslicarbazepine acetate Eslicarbazepine acetate is extensively converted to eslicarbazepine, which is considered to be responsible for therapeutic effects in humans. The precise mechanism(s) by which eslicarbazepine exerts anticonvulsant activity is unknown but is thought to involve inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels. propane-1,2-diol|1,2-propanediol|1,2-propylene glycol|propylene glycol 4025 dapagliflozin an Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, SGLT2 expressed in the proximal renal tubules, is responsible for the majority of the reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen, by inhibiting SGLT2, dapagliflozin reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion propenidazole 4026 avanafil a selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific PDE5 has no direct relaxant effect on isolated human corpus cavernosum, but enhances the effect of NO by inhibiting PDE5, which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum 4027 DL-Alanine 4028 sennosides Medications derived from SENNA EXTRACT that are used to treat CONSTIPATION. virginiamycin|mikamycin|streptogramin|pyostacine|virgimycin 4029 lasofoxifene a SERM whose biological actions are largely mediated through binding to estrogen receptors, this binding results in the activation of some estrogenic pathways and a blockade of others, Lasofoxifene produces tissue and cell-specific effects in estrogen-responsive tissues 403 perflutren Perflutren lipid microspheres exhibit lower acoustic impedance than blood and enhance the intrinsic backscatter of blood. These physical acoustic properties of activated perflutren provide contrast enhancement of the left ventricular chamber and aid delineation of the left ventricular endocardial border during echocardiography. bromocriptine|bromocriptin|bromocryptine|ergolactin|2-bromoergocriptine|bromocriptine mesylate|bromocriptine mesilate 4030 hydroxocobalamin Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY. 4031 lacosamide a functionalized amino acid, selectively enhances slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels, resulting in stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes and inhibition of repetitive neuronal firing, indicated for partial-onset seizures razoxane mesylate|razoxane|razoxin|tepirone|troxozone 4032 olaflur cariostatic agent rimazolium metilsulfate|rimazolium methosulfate|rimazolium methyl sulfate|rimazolium 4033 4-dimethylaminophenol in combination with SODIUM NITRITE antagonizes experimental cyanide poisoning; RN given refers to parent cpd riodoksol|2,4,6-triiodoresorcinol|riodoxol 4035 aceclidine cholinomimetic used to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma 4037 acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate 4038 euflavine 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication. 4039 afatinib A quinazoline and butenamide derivative that acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptors (ERBB RECEPTORS) and is used in the treatment of metastatic NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. SonoVue|hexafluorosulfur|sulfur fluoride|sulfur hexafluoride|sulfur hexafluoride lipid-type A microspheres|sulfur hexafluoride lipid microsphere 404 aceglutamide bromazine|bromanautine|bromodiphenhydramine|bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride|bromodiphenhydramine HCl 4040 alanyl glutamine levocarnitine propionate|levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride|levocarnitine propionate HCl 4044 alginic acid A polysaccharide and linear copolymer, consisting mainly of beta-1,4-linked D-mannuronic acid and alpha-1,4-linked L-glucuronic acid, that occurs in marine algae such as LAMINARIA, and in BIOFILMS produced by PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA. 4045 azilsartan medoxomil an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker 4046 UREA C-13 4047 sevelamer A polymeric amine that binds phosphate and is used to treat HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA in patients with kidney disease. 4048 alum sizofilan|sizofiran|schizophylan|schizophyllan|schizophyllane|shizophyllan|sonifilan 4049 laropiprant a potent orally active human prostaglandin D(2) receptor 1 antagonist prasterone sulfate|dehydroandrosterone sulfate|dehydroepiandrosterone monosulfate|dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate|dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate|dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate 405 fluoresone bromoform|methenyl tribromide|tribromomethane 4050 (2-benzhydryloxyethyl)diethyl-methylammonium iodide spaglumic acid|beta-NAAG 4051 2-(4-chlorphenoxy)-ethanol 4053 pasireotide a somatostatin analog with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin binds and activates the SSTRs resulting in inhibition of ACTH secretion, which leads to decreased cortisol secretion garenoxacin|ganefloxacin|garenfloxacin|garenoxacin mesilate hydrate|garenoxacin mesilate|garenoxacin mesylate|geninax 4054 pixantrone an immunosuppressant; structure given in first source 4055 sevelamer carbonate tj-14|baicalin 4056 propanol A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate. 4057 prethcamide mixture of cropropamide & crotethamide used as respiratory stimulant & analgesic; major descriptor (66-85); on-line search AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDS (66-85); Index Medicus search PRETHCAMIDE (66-85) 4058 bazedoxifene an estrogen agonist/antagonist that acts as an agonist in some estrogen-sensitive tissues and an antagonist in others 4059 clofezone was MH 1975-92 (see under PHENYLBUTAZONE 1975-90); use PHENYLBUTAZONE to search CLOFEZONE 1975-92; an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties used in treatment of rheumatism selenium (75Se) tauroselcholic acid 406 azelaic acid bromopride|emepride 4060 amifampridine 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES. 4061 ambrisentan an endothelin receptor antagonist that is selective for the endothelin type-A (ETA) receptor timolol|timolol maleate|(-)-Timolol|(S)-Timolol|arutimol|L-Timolol|timolol maleate salt 4062 angiotensinamide tinazoline monohydrochloride|tinazoline hydrochloride|tinazoline HCl|tinazoline 4064 pyronaridine tixocortol|tixocortol pivalate|pivalone|rectovalone|tiovalon 4065 alogliptin a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) that slows the inactivation of the incretin hormones, thereby increasing their bloodstream concentrations and reducing fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations in a glucose-dependent manner in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 4066 almasilate antacid containing Al-H3-O3.Mg2-O8-Si3 4067 zucapsaicin the cis-isomer of alkyl vanillylamide triamcinolone benetonide|tibicorten 4068 zinc gluconate zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted 4069 zinc chloride 407 phenazone An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29) bromperidol hydrochloride|bromperidol HCl|tesoprel|bromperidol|azurene|bromoperidol|impromen 4070 barbexaclone 4071 barium sulfate A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield. 4072 benzathine benzylpenicillin Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining the sodium salt of penicillin G with N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine. vitamin c|L-Ascorbic acid|ascorbic acid|ascorbic acid (vit C)|sodium ascorbate|calcium ascorbate|ascorbic acid, monosodium salt 4073 calcium gluconate The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states. 4074 aurothioglucose A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals. minodronic acid|minodronic acid hydrate|recalbon|minodronate|YM-529|YM529 4075 ammonium chloride An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating. zuclopenthixol acetate|clopixol acuphase 4078 bibrocathol eye ointment; structure 4079 bilastine afobazol|afobazole|aphobazole|fabomotizole 408 promoxolane brompheniramine|bromopheniramine|bromphen|parabromdylamine|parabromodylamine|brompheniramine maleate 4080 bioallethrin Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) 4081 bismuth subcitrate contains tripotassium di-citratobismuthate used in gastric & duodenal ulcer therapy; do not confuse with colloidal bismuth subnitrate 4082 bisoxatin 4083 anidulafungin Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS. 4084 arginine glutamate 4085 bosutinib a 4-anilino-3-quinolinecarbonitrile dual inhibitor of Src and Abl kinases 4086 cetrimide ethamolin|ethanolamine oleate|monoethanolamine oleate 4087 chenodiol A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. 4088 chiniofon The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses. 4089 chloroform A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity. 409 fenproporex an anorectic drug used in the treatment of obesity brotizolam|mederantil|lendorm 4091 vernakalant Vernakalant is an antiarrhythmic medicine that acts preferentially in the atria to prolong atrial refractoriness and to rate-dependently slow impulse conduction. These anti-fibrillatory actions on refractoriness and conduction are thought to suppress re-entry, and are potentiated in the atria during atrial fibrillation. The relative selectivity of vernakalant on atrial versus ventricular refractoriness is postulated to result from the block of currents that are expressed in the atria, but not in the ventricles, as well as the unique electrophysiologic condition of the fibrillating atria. However, blockade of cationic currents, including hERG channels and cardiac voltage-dependent sodium channels, which are present in the ventricles has been documented. 4092 voclosporin Voclosporin is a calcineurin-inhibitor immunosuppressant. The mechanism of voclosporin suppression of calcineurin has not been fully established. Activation of lymphocytes involves an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations that bind to the calcineurin regulatory site and activate calmodulin binding catalytic subunit and through dephosphorylation activates the transcription factor, Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cell Cytoplasmic (NFATc). The immunosuppressant activity results in inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell cytokine production, and expression of T-cell activation surface antigens. 4094 xantinol A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension. 4095 xenon A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic. 4096 xenon (127Xe) gas 4097 xenon (133Xe) gas 4098 triaziquone Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys. 4099 sodium benzoate The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function. levamlodipine malate|levamlodipine besylate|(S)-amlodipine|levamlodipine|levoamlodipine|l-Amlodipine 41 betazole A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function. 410 etryptamine brovanexine|brovanexine monohydrochloride|bronquimucil|brovanexine hydrochloride|brovanexine HCl|BR-222 4101 lorcaserin a serotonin 2C receptor agonist for oral administration used for chronic weight management 4102 demecolcine An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic. 4103 dequalinium A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration. chondroitin sulfate|chondroitin polysulfate|chondroitin sulphate|chondroitinsulfuric acid 4104 desaspidin cideferron|ferricon 4105 decamethrin A synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with contact and residual activity, also used as an acaricide. icodextrin|extraneal 4106 degarelix FE-200486 is the acetate salt sucralfate|antepsin|carafate|sucralfin|sucrate|sulcrate|ulcerlmin|ulcogant 4107 desvenlafaxine The exact mechanism of the antidepressant action of desvenlafaxine is unknown, but is thought to be related to the potentiation of serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system, through inhibition of their reuptake. Non-clinical studies have shown that desvenlafaxine is a potent and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). 4108 dapoxetine selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that was designed specifically for premature ejaculation zinostatin|holoneocarzinostatin|neocarcinostatin|vinostatin|neocarzinostatin 4109 mirabegron a beta-3 adrenergic agonist, relaxes the detrusor smooth muscle during the storage phase of the urinary bladder fill-void cycle by activation of beta-3 AR which increases bladder capacity tetrahydrocannabinol|THC|dronabinol|marinol 411 unithiol A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning. brovincamine|11-Bromovincamine|11-Brovincamine|cis-11-Bromovincamine 4110 calcium lactate OPC 41061|jinarc|tolvaptan|samsca|OPC-41061|tolvaptan sodium phosphate 4111 levofolinic acid A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN. besifloxacin|besifloxacin hydrochloride|besivance|SS734|BOL-303224-A|besifloxacin HCl 4112 calcium pangamate controversial variable preparation containing CALCIUM GLUCONATE and either dimethylglycine or diisopropylamine so the literature is divided among these; was MH 1975-97 (see under VITAMIN B COMPLEX 1975-90); use PANGAMIC ACID (NM) to search PANGAMIC ACID 1975-97; has been called vitamin B15 dronedarone|multaq|dronedarone hydrochloride|SR33598B|dronedarone HCl 4114 carbasalate calcium saxagliptin|onglyza|saxagliptin hydrochloride|saxagliptin hydrate|saxagliptin HCl|BMS-477118|BMS 477118 4117 choline theophyllinate 10-Propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin|pralatrexate|folotyn 4119 chondroitin sulfate-iron complex romidepsin|chromadax|istodax|FR901228|FK228 412 pentamethonium bromide broxyquinoline|broxyquinolin|dibromoquin|dibromoxin|dibromoxine|dibromoxyquinoline 4120 cisplatin An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. phosphoserine|dexfosfoserine|fosforina|3-O-Phosphoserine|L-Phosphoserine|seriphos|L-serine-O-phosphate|L-SOP 4121 clefamide 4122 clevudine auranofin|ridaura 4123 clodantoin lubiprostone|amitiza 4125 clofenotane synthetic insecticide used to combat malaria, typhus, and the other insect-borne human diseases proline|L-proline|PROLINE, DL- 4126 clopenthixol A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. asparagine|L-asparagine 4127 tegafur Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms. serine|L-serine 4128 eltrombopag an oral, nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist valine|L-valine 4129 carisbamate experimental anticonvulsant and neuromodulator isoleucine|L-isoleucine 413 phensuximide major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation bucetin|(+/-)-Bucetin|betadid 4130 casopitant cystine|L-cystine 4131 ceftobiprole medocaril a ceftobiprole prodrug 4132 cerium oxalate 4133 cobamamide paraplatin|carboplatin 4134 colesevelam An allylamine derivative that binds BILE ACIDS in the intestine and is used as an ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT in the treatment of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. pyridoxal|pyridoxaldehyde 4136 cyfluthrin effective against mosquitoes 4137 cymarin RO76477|RO 76477|paliperidone|invega|xeplion 4138 cypermethrin methylrosaniline chloride|gentian violet 4139 plerixafor Plerixafor is an inhibitor of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its cognate ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha). SDF-1alpha and CXCR4 are recognized to play a role in the trafficking and homing of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the marrow compartment. Once in the marrow, stem cell CXCR4 can act to help anchor these cells to the marrow matrix, either directly via SDF-1α or through the induction of other adhesion molecules. Treatment with plerixafor resulted in leukocytosis and elevations in circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells in mice, dogs and humans. CD34+ cells mobilized by plerixafor were capable of engraftment with long-term repopulating capacity up to one year in canine transplantation models. 414 thiotepa A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed). bucillamine|rimatil|thiobutarit|tiobutarit 4140 dexchlorpheniramine nicotinamide adenine|coenzyme I|nadide|nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD 4141 diamorphine A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed) zydena|udenafil|DA-8159 4142 dibromotyrosine sulfadiazine silver|silvadene|silver sulfadiazine|sulfadiazine, silver 4143 dibutylphthalate A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure. darunavir|darunavir ethanolate|prezista|TMC-114|TMC 114|darunavir ethnolate 4144 dibutylsuccinate sodium monododecyl sulfate|sodium lauryl sulfate 4145 didecyldimethylammonium chloride lutein|xanthophyll 4146 diethyl ether virormone|testosterone propionate 4148 diethyltoluamide A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin. dihydro-beta-ergocryptin|dihydro-beta-ergocryptine|beta-dihydroergocryptine|Dihydro-.beta.-ergocryptine mesylate|epicriptine|Dihydro-.beta.-ergocryptine mesilate 4149 difetarsone doribax|doripenem|doripenem hydrate 415 colestipol Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels. bucladesine|Dibutyryl cAMP|dbcAMP|Cyclic AMP dibutyrate|bucladesine sodium|bucladesine sodium salt 4150 dihydroergocryptine A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position and an alpha-isobutyl sidechain at 5'alpha position of the molecule. SR141716A|rimonabant|acomplia|SR141716 4151 diiodohydroxypropane silodosin|urief|urorec|rapaflo|silodyx|silodoshin 4152 etilevodopa is the ethyl ester of levodopa; an antiparkinson drug permethrin 4153 etybenzatropine minor descriptor (65-66); major descriptor (66-79); on-line search ETHYBENZTROPINE (65-79); Index Medicus search ETHYBENZTROPINE (66-79); RN given refers to (endo)-isomer of parent cpd cabazitaxel|jevtana|RPR-116258A|XRP-6258|cabazitaxel acetonate|cabazitaxel acetone|javtana 4154 candicidin Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component. 4155 colistin Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally. 4156 bufylline radicava|edaravone|edarabone|methylphenylpyrazolone|norantipyrine|norphenazone|radicut 4157 calcitonin human lercanidipine hydrochloride|lercanidipine|masnidipine|zanidip|lercanidipine HCl 4158 calcitonin (pork natural) 4159 calcium acetate and magnesium carbonate cefcamate|cefcapene 416 chromocarb treatment for certain forms of hemorrhagic anal inflammations buclizine|buclifen|histabuticine|histabutizine|histabutyzine|hitabutyzyne|buclizine hydrochloride|buclizine HCl 4160 calcium alginate Salts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS. carbocisteine|bronchokod|carbocit|carbocysteine|chilvax|L-(Carboxymethyl)cysteine|lisil|lisomucil|loviscol|muciclar|mucocis|mucodyne|mucofan|mucolase|mucolex|mucopront|mucosol|mucotab|mukinyl|PectDrill|pectox|pulmoclase|reomucil|rhinathiol|rhinatiol|thiodril|transbronchin|carbocisteine sodium 4161 calcium carbimide A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism. temsirolimus|torisel|temsorolimus|CCI-779|CCI 779 4164 calcium glucoheptonate saxenda|liraglutide [rDNA origin]|liraglutide rDNA origin|liraglutide [rNDA origin] injection|liraglutide|NN2211|victoza|liraglutide recombinant 4165 calcium glycerylphosphate Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid. R 89674|alcaftadine|lastacaft 4166 almagate crystalline cpd with empirical formula Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 CDB-2914|ulipristal acetate|ella|EllaOne|esmya|ulipristal 4167 aluminium chloride A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS. FTY-720|fingolimod|fingolimod hydrochloride|gilenya|fingolimod HCl 4168 aluminium clofibrate SM-13496|latuda|lurasidone hydrochloride|lurasidone|lurasidone HCl 417 carglumic acid carglumic acid could be helpful in lowering plasma ammonia levels over 400 micromol/L more rapidly bucloxic acid|bucloxonic acid 4170 aluminium oxide tesamorelin|egrifta|tesamorelin acetate 4171 aluminium phosphate gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt eribulin mesylate|eribulin|halaven|E7389|eribulin mesilate 4172 benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin boceprevir|victrelis|SCH 503034 4173 calcium phosphate refers to unspecified salt; see other calcium phosphates telaprevir|VX 950|incivek|incivo 4174 trolamine salicylate rilpivirine|edurant|rilpivirine hydrochloride|rilpivirine HCl 4175 ferric oxide A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical. linagliptin|tradjenta|BI 1356|BI-1356 4176 meradimate abiraterone acetate|zytiga|CB-7630|CB7630 4177 carbamide peroxide A urea peroxide compound that is commonly used in tooth whitening agents; topical anti-infective agents, and earwax remover. gabapentin enacarbil|horizant|XP13512 4178 iodine A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically. ZD-6474|vandetanib|zactima|caprelsa|ZD6474 418 nitroxoline CS-359|bucumolol|bucumolol hydrochloride|bucumolol HCl 4180 calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate lipiarmicin|lipiarmycin|tiacumicin B|dificid|fidaxomicin|dificlir 4182 diodone An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) xarelto|rivaroxaban|BAY 59-7939 4183 diphenadione major descriptor (66-86); on-line search PHENINDIONE (66-74); PHENINDIONE/AA (75-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DIPHENADIONE (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd QAB149|QAB-149|QAB 149|indacaterol|Arcapta Neohaler|indacaterol maleate 4184 prednisolone sodium phosphate ticagrelor|brilinta|AZD 6140|possia|brilique 4185 clobetasol propionate A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression. PLX-4032|RO 5185426|RG 7204|vemurafenib|zelboraf|Ro 51-85426 4186 lysine acetate icatibant accord|WIN-65365|WIN 65365|icatibant|firazyr|icatibant acetate 4187 testosterone cypionate cypionate ester of the androgenic hormone testosterone crizotinib|xalkori|PF 02341066|PF-02341066 4188 fludeoxyglucose (18F) deferiprone|deferione|ferriprox 4189 hydrocortisone succinate oxyprogesterone caproate|17-alpha-hydroxy-progesterone caproate|delalutin|17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone|makena|17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate|hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate|progesterone caproate|gestageno|hydroxyprogesterone caproate 419 etamsylate Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic. budesonide|barazone|budesomide|budeson 4190 zinc undecylenate ruxolitinib|jakafi|INCB 018424|ruxolitinib phosphate|jakavi 4191 sulfisoxazole acetyl fesoterodine|toviaz|fesoterodine fumarate 4192 procaine benzylpenicillin Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining penicillin G with PROCAINE. Fx-1006A|Fx-1006|tafamidis meglumine|tafamidis|vyndaqel|FX1006A|vynmac 4193 menthyl salicylate piperaquine|piperaquinoline|piperaquine tetraphosphate|piperaquine phosphate 4194 manganese sulfate dihydroartemisinin|dihydroartemisinine|dihydroqinghaosu|alaxin|cotecxin|cotexin|beta-Dihydroartemisinin|artenimol 4195 dodeclonium bromide alpha-tocopherol acetate|Vitamin E acetate|(+)-alpha-tocopherol acetate|alfacol|contopheron|D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate|.alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-|.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, D-|.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE|alpha-tocopherol acetate, dl-|tocopherol acetate 4196 domiphen cyanocobalamin|vitamin B12|cobamin|cyanocobalamine 4197 droxypropine vitamin A palmitate|retinol palmitate|retinyl palmitate 4198 efaproxiral sodium chloride 4199 eosin potassium chloride 42 thiamazole A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme. acecarbromal|acetcarbromal|acetylcarbromal|paxarel 420 calcium dobesilate A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy. budipine 4200 epanolol magnesium chloride 4201 esketamine Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine. It is a non-selective, non-competitive, antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Through NMDA receptor antagonism, esketamine produces a transient increase in glutamate release leading to increases in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) stimulation and subsequently to increases in neurotrophic signalling which may contribute to the restoration of synaptic function in these brain regions involved with the regulation of mood and emotional behaviour. Restoration of dopaminergic neurotransmission in brain regions involved in the reward and motivation, and decreased stimulation of brain regions involved in anhedonia, may contribute to the rapid response. calcium chloride 4203 fosaprepitant a pro-drug form of aprepitant sodium acetate|anhydrous sodium acetate|acetic acid, sodium salt|sodium acetate anhydrous 4204 gadobenate dimeglumine 4205 AMMONIA N-13 sodium bicarbonate|sodium hydrogen carbonate 4206 prepopik potassium phosphate, dibasic|dibasic potassium phosphate|dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate|dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 4207 trisodium citrate dihydrate lithium carbonate|carbonic acid, dilithium salt|dilithium carbonate 4208 iron pentacarbonyl meglumine amidotrizoate|diatrizoate meglumine|amidotrizoic acid methylglucamine salt|angiografin|diatrizoate methylglucamine|gastrografin 4209 ammonium lactate prazosin|prazosin hydrochloride|furazosin|prazosin HCl 4210 sodium citrate Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES. oxaliplatin|oxalatoplatin|oxalatoplatinum|elplat 4211 phosphoric acid concise etchant is 37% H3PO4 acetic acid|acetic acid, glacial|ethanoic acid|ethylic acid|vinegar acid 4212 calcium citrate A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) sodium sulfate|sodium sulfate anhydrous|sulfuric acid disodium salt|disodium sulfate 4214 potassium phosphate, monobasic monosodium D-gluconate|D-Gluconic acid, monosodium salt|sodium gluconate|gluconic acid sodium salt 4215 N-Acetyltyrosine isopropyl alcohol|2-Propanol|iso-Propanol|isopropanol 4216 corbadrine 4217 carfilzomib epoxomicin derivative proteasome inhibitor with antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on primary human acute myeloid leukaemia cells potassium acetate|acetic acid, potassium salt 4218 aclidinium bromide a long-acting, inhaled antimuscarinic; in phase I trial 8/2008 methyldopate|methyldopate hydrochloride|Methyl-L-dopa ethyl ester|alpha-Methyldopa ethyl ester|methyldopate HCl 422 procodazole buflomedil hydrochloride|buflomedil|buflomedil HCl 4220 diflorasone diacetate topical corticosteroid has anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic, and vasoconstrictive actions sebivo|telbivudine|beta-L-Thymidine|epavudine|L-Thymidine 4221 taurine A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids. mequinol|p-Hydroxyanisol|hydroquinone methyl ether|p-Hydroxymethoxybenzene 4222 sodium polystyrene sulfonate A potassium ion exchange resin composed of benzene-diethyl polymer with ethenyl-benzene, sulfonated, sodium salt. Administered as an oral suspension, sodium polystyrene sulfonate lowers serum potassium levels by exchanging its sodium ions for potassium ions. Acting primarily in the large intestine, this agent also exchanges its sodium ions for calcium and magnesium ions, resulting in a decrease in serum calcium and magnesium levels. 4223 sodium fluoride F-18 vilazodone|viibryd|vilazodone hydrochloride|vilazodone HCl 4224 magnesium acetate pirfenidone|esbriet|glaspia 4226 ferrous gluconate iron important in this cpd; RN given refers to ferrous cpd picato|PEP005|Ingenol 3-angelate|3-Angeloylingenol|3-Ingenyl angelate|ingenol mebutate 4227 calcium threonate erivedge|vismodegib|GDC-0449|RG3616 4228 alclometasone dipropionate kalydeco|VX 770|ivacaftor 4229 gadodiamide for intravenous administration with MRI in adult patients for contrast enhancement of CNS lesions tafluprost|tafluprost ophthalmic solution|zioptan|taflotan|tapros 423 dihydralazine 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354) buformin|buformine|butformin|butylbiguanide|butyldiguanide|buformin hydrochloride|buformin HCl 4230 aluminium chlorohydrate antiperspirant; structure Ioflupane I 123|DaTSCAN|Ioflupane I-123|Ioflupane (123I) 4231 haloperidol decanoate 4232 estradiol acetate lucinactant|surfaxin|KL-surfactant|KL4-surfactant 4233 paliperidone palmitate A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. sugammadex|bridion|sugammadex sodium|ORG 25969 4235 hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns. oxygen|molecular oxygen|oxygen molecule|oxygen, usp 4236 amiloxate octyl methoxycinnamate|octinoxate|ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate|ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate|Parsol MOX|Eusolex 2292|parsol|methoxycinnamate 4237 armodafinil titanium dioxide|titanium oxide 4238 silver nitrate A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. nitrous oxide|dinitrogen monoxide|dinitrogen oxide|nitrous oxide, usp 4239 isosulfan blue 2,5-disulfobenzylidene-isomer of sulfan blue; RN given refers to Na salt calcium carbonate|carbonic acid calcium salt 424 isosorbide mononitrate for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug bufuralol|dl-Bufuralol|(+/-)-Bufuralol 4240 hydrocortisone valerate used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer zinc oxide 4241 choline fenofibrate metabolite of lipantyl; structure; salt of cholesterylamine & 2-(4-(p-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)2-methylpropionic acid octisalate|octyl salicylate 4244 halcinonide A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation. magnesium hydroxide 4245 racepinefrine A racemic mixture of d-epinephrine and l-epinephrine. methyl salicylate|analgit|methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate|methyl ester 2-hydroxy benzoic acid 4247 magnesium salicylate neomycin sulfate|neomycin|bykomycin|endomixin|fradiomycin sulfate|mycerin sulfate|neomycin sulphate|neomycin palmitate 4248 chromium picolinate iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206 pyrithione zinc|zinc pyrithione 4249 lithium citrate povidone-iodine|povidone iodine|iodine-povidone complex|iodovidone|proviodine 425 idrocilamide bulaquine|aablaquine|elubaquine 4250 magnesium silicate hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing aluminum hydroxide|algeldrate|aluminum hydroxide hydrate|aluminium hydroxide 4251 teriparatide A polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995) nitrogen|molecular nitrogen|nitrogen gas|nitrogen, nf 4252 magnesium gluconate sodium monofluorophosphate|sodium phosphorofluoridate|disodium fluorophosphate|disodium monofluorophosphate|sodium fluorophosphate 4256 tetracosactide A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX. carbon dioxide|carbon oxide|carbonic anhydride|dry ice 4257 magnesium aspartate bismuth subsalicylate|bismogenol|bismuth oxysalicylate 4258 sodium thiosulfate do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid thymol|thyme camphor|thymol chrystals 4259 potassium citrate A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher. eucalyptol|eucaliptol|cineol|eucalyptole|eucalytol|eukalyptol|cineole 426 amiphenazole used as a respiratory tonic, morphine antagonist, & antidote in barbiturate poisoning; RN given refers to parent cpd; sturcture bumadizone|bumadizon|bumazidone|bumadizone calcium|bumadizone calcium hydrate|bumadizone calcium dihydrate|eumotol|desflam 4260 potassium hydrogencarbonate Approved by EMA in combination with potassium citrate. sulfur 4261 manganese chloride ferrous fumarate|iron fumarate 4262 carbaldrate helium|atomic helium|helium, usp 4263 quinine An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. potassium nitrate|nitric acid potassium salt|saltpeter 4264 potassium gluconate urea|carbamide|carbamimidic acid 4266 aluminum carbonate phenol|hydroxybenzene 4267 potassium phosphate used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF arbutin|arbutine|arbutoside|arbutyne|hydroquinone glucose 4268 ferrous sulfate Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt allantoin|5-Ureidohydantoin|allantion|allantol|glyoxyldiureid|glyoxyldiureide|glyoxylic diureide 4269 ferric sulfate zinc acetate anhydrous|zinc acetate dihydrate|wilzin|zinc acetate|zinc diacetate|zinc acetate hydrate|nobelzin 427 phendimetrazine minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation bumetanide|bumethanide|bufenox 4270 cupric chloride Padimate O|Octyl dimethyl PABA 4271 bismuth subgallate sodium phosphate, monobasic|dihydrogen monosodium phosphate|phosphoric acid monosodium salt|monobasic sodium phosphate|monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate 4272 mangafodipir hydroxyproline|4-Hydroxy-L-proline|4-Hydroxyproline 4273 samarium (153Sm) lexidronam stannous fluoride|difluorostannylene|fluoristan|tin difluoride 4274 etanautine selenium sulfide|selenium disulfide 4275 fazadinium FAZADINIUM BROMIDE was heading 1991-94; was FAZADINIUM see under PYRIDINIUM COMPOUNDS 1979-90; was AH 8165 see under PYRIDINIUM COMPOUNDS 1975-78; AH 8165 was see FAZADINIUM BROMIDE 1979-94; use PYRIDINIUM COMPOUNDS to search FAZADINIUM BROMIDE 1991-94, FAZADINIUM 1979-90 & AH 8165 1975-78; a rapid-acting, short-lasting, competitive nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent; its action is rapidly and completely reversed by neostigmine zinc sulfate heptahydrate|zinc sulfate|zincate|sulfuric acid zinc salt 4276 fenbendazole Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine. piperonyl butoxide|butacide|buticide|butocide|butoxide|butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether|piperonyl 4277 ferric (59Fe) citrate iron|elemental iron (as carbonyl iron) 4278 ferric citrate povidone|polyvidon|polyvidone|crospovidone 4279 ferric hydroxide additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9 polyvinyl alcohol|vinyl alcohol polymer 4280 ferrous ascorbate tocophersolan|.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, D-|alpha-tocopherol|alpha-D-Tocopherol|syntopherol|ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL, D-|.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL|d-alpha-tocopherol|alpha-tocopherol, dl-|.Alpha.-tocopherol, DL-|tocofersolan|vedrop 4281 ferrous aspartate magnesium citrate|citric acid magnesium salt|trimagnesium dicitrate 4282 ferrous carbonate cupric sulfate|copper sulfate|copper sulfate pentahydrate|cupric sulfate pentahydrate|cupric sulfate anhydrous 4283 ferrous chloride induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd tapentadol|tapentadol hydrochloride|nucynta|tapentadol HCl 4285 ferrous succinate Florbetapir F 18|Florbetapir (18F)|amyvid|Florbetapir F-18 4286 ferrous tartrate Molybdenum Mo-99|Molybdenum-99|99Mo|Molybdenum isotope of mass 99 4287 fluclorolone calcium acetate|acetic acid calcium salt|calcium diacetate|calcium acetate anhydrous 4289 flumedroxone used for treatment of migraine & premenstrual tension; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure docosahexaenoic acid|doconexent|cervonic acid|efalex 429 oxidronic acid bunazosin hydrochloride|detantol|bunazosin|bunazosin HCl 4290 flumetasone An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice. magnesium sulfate|sulfuric acid magnesium salt|epsom salt|magnesium sulphate|magnesium sulfate heptahydrate|magnesium sulfate, unspecified|magnesium sulfate anhydrous 4292 fluorodopa (18F) enzacamene|methylbenzylidenecam|4-Methylbenzylidenecamphor|p-Methylbenzylidenecamphor 4293 fluoroethylcholine (18F) magnesium oxide 4296 fluprednidene potassium iodide|kalium iodidum|potassium monoiodide 4297 fluticasone furoate Fluticasone furoate is a synthetic trifluorinated corticosteroid with anti‑inflammatory activity. Fluticasone furoate has been shown in vitro to exhibit a binding affinity for the human glucocorticoid receptor. The precise mechanism of corticosteroid action on asthma is not known. Inflammation is an important component in the pathogenesis of asthma. Corticosteroids have been shown to have a wide range of actions on multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) and mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, cytokines) involved in inflammation. These anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids contribute to their efficacy in asthma. 43 tuaminoheptane an adrenergic agent used as a nasal decongestant in the form of the base (for inhalation) or the sulfate salt (topical solution) aceclofenac|aceclofar|hifenac 430 citric acid A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability. bunitrolol hydrochloride|stresson|bunitrolol|(+/-)-Bunitrolol|dl-Bunitrolol|bunitrolol HCl 4300 gadobenic acid used in MR imaging of liver GS-9137|GS9137|JTK303|JTK-303|JTK 303|GS 9137|elvitegravir 4302 gadopentetate dimeglumine A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) sialanar|NVA237|Seebri Breezhaler|glycopyrronium bromide|copyrrolate|gastrodyn|glycopyrrolate|robanul|glycopyrronium|glycopyrrolate bromide|glycopyrronium tosilate|glycopyrronium tosilate hydrate 4303 gadoteric acid eslicarbazepine acetate|zebinix|exelief|aptiom|BIA 2-093|Sep-0002093 4304 gallium (67Ga) citrate dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate|dapagliflozin propanediol|BMS 512148|forxiga|dapaglifozin|dapagliflozin|farxiga|dapagliflozin propylene glycolate hydrate 4306 gepirone DL-Alanine|ALANINE, DL-|(R,S)-Alanine|(+/-)-Alanine 4307 gestonorone sennosides a&b|sennosides a and b|sennosides 4308 guanoclor lasofoxifene|lasofoxifene tartrate|fablyn|CP-336156|CP-336,156 4309 hematin hydroxocobalamin|hydrocobalamin|hydroxocobalamine|hydroxocobemine|Hydroxy vitamin B12|hydroxycobalamin|hydroxycobalamine|Cyanokit 431 ibufenac used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd levobunolol|levobunolol hydrochloride|levobunolol HCl|betagan 4310 sodium oxybate The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA. ertosamide|SPM-927|lacosamide|erlosamide|harkoseride|vimpat 4311 nomegestrol 19-nor-progesterone derivative; structure given in UD olaflur|amine fluoride|stearyl trihydroxyethyl propylenediamine dihydrofluoride 4312 hydrochloric acid A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE. 4-dimethylaminophenol|DMAP|N,N-Dimethyl-4-aminophenol 4313 hydrocortisone probutate 4314 hydroquinine aceclidine hydrochloride|aceclidine|aceclidin|3-Quinuclidinol acetate|3-Quinuclidinyl acetate|aceclidine HCl 4315 hydroxyethylpromethazine 4316 ibacitabine acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate|N-Acetylglycinamide Chloral hydrate 4317 iclaprim has antiviral activity acriflavinium chloride|acriflavine chloride|acriflavine|euflavine 4318 idanpramine afatinib|tovok|afatinib dimaleate|gilotrif|BIBW2992|afatinib maleate 432 tocainide An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS. bupivacaine hydrochloride anhydrous|bupivacaine|(+/-)-Bupivacaine|bucain|bupivan|carbostesin|DL-Bupivacaine|bupivacaine hydrochloride|bupivacaine HCl 4320 indigo carmine Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk. It is a dye excreted by the kidney through tubular secretion and enhances visualization of the ureteral orifices by its deep blue color. 4321 inosine pranobex An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine used in the treatment of a variety of viral infections. Unlike other antiviral agents, it acts by modifying or stimulating cell-mediated immune processes rather than acting on the virus directly. alginic acid 4322 iobenguane (131I) AZEDRA is an I 131 labeled iobenguane. Iobenguane is similar in structure to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) and is subject to the same uptake and accumulation pathways as NE. Iobenguane is taken up by the NE transporter in adrenergic nerve terminals and accumulates in adrenergically innervated tissues, such as the heart, lungs, adrenal medulla, salivary glands, liver, and spleen as well as tumors of neural crest origin. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are tumors of neural crest origin that express high levels of the NE transporter on their cell surfaces. Following intravenous administration, AZEDRA is taken up and accumulates within pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma cells, and radiation resulting from radioactive decay of I 131 causes cell death and tumor necrosis. TAK 491|edarbi|azilsartan medoxomil|azilsartan kamedoxomil 4323 iodocholesterol (131I) 13C-urea|Urea-13C|HELIKIT|pylobactell|UREA C-13 4324 iodoform sevelamer|sevelamer hydrochloride|renagel|sevelamer HCl 4325 ioglicic acid alum|aluminum potassium sulfate|alum potassium|potassium alum 4326 iopydol laropiprant|MK 0524|MK-0524 4327 ioxitalamic acid emetonium iodide|emetonium|(2-benzhydryloxyethyl)diethyl-methylammonium iodide|ethylbenzhydramine methyl iodide|esyntin|metropin 4328 itramin tosilate 2-(4-chlorphenoxy)-ethanol|chloro-p-phenoxetol|chlorophetanol|fungisan|mycotetracid 4329 krypton (81mKr) gas pasireotide|pasireotide disapartate|SOM 230|SOM230|signifor|pasireotide diaspartate|pasireotide embonate|pasireotide pamoate 4330 lanthanum carbonate a phosphate binder used for hyperphosphatemia treatment in end-stage renal disease pixantrone dimaleate|pixuvri|pixantrone|pixantrone maleate 4331 levomethadone sevelamer carbonate|renvela 4332 levoverbenone propanol|n-Propanol|1-Propanol 4333 linopirdine acetylcholine releasing drug prethcamide|gycoren|miconen|micoren 4334 linsidomine TSE424|TSE-424|bazedoxifene acetate|bazedoxifene|conbriza 4335 lithium succinate lithium important for treatment of genital herpes clofezone|clofezon|percluson|perclusone|clofexamide-phenylbutazone 4337 magnesium lactate LU208075|LU 208075|ambrisentan|letairis|volibris 4338 magnesium levulinate angiotensinamide 4339 magnesium orotate pyronaridine tetraphosphate|pyronaridine|malaridine 434 bitoscanate anthelmintic; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search THIOCYANATES (75-83); structure buprenorphine|buprenorfine|norspan|buprenorphine hydrochloride|buprenorphine HCl 4340 magnesium peroxide vipidia|alogliptin|alogliptin benzoate|nesina 4341 magnesium phosphate almasilate|malinal|magnesium aluminosilicate|gelusil 4342 magnesium pidolate A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism. zucapsaicin|civamide|(Z)-Capsaicin|cis-Capsaicin 4343 mannosulfan minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search METHANESULFONATES (75-84) zinc gluconate trihydrate|zinc gluconate 4345 mecobalamin barbexaclone|barbexaclonum|barbexaclon 4346 diosmetin a 5,7-dihydroxyflavone barium sulfate paste|barium sulfate|barium sulphate 4347 diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate a UV filtering agent benzathine benzylpenicillin|penicillin G benzathine|benzylpenicillin benzathine|benzylpenicillin benzathine hydrate|stelues 4348 cobalamin calcium gluconate|calciofon|Calcium D-gluconate|calcium gluconate monohydrate 4349 xylitol A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener. aurothioglucose|aureotan|gold thioglucose|thioglucosoaurate 435 glucuronamide bupropion|(+/-)-Bupropion|amfebutamon|amfebutamone|aplenzin|elontril|bupropion hydrochloride|bupropion hydrobromide|bupropion HCl|wellbutrin 4350 tonzonium a surfactant with antifungal activity; also inhibits osteoclast formation ammonium chloride 4351 clocortolone pivalate topical, anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid; structure 4352 ubidecarenone prevents hemorrhagic state bibrocathol|bibrocathin|bismucatebrol 4353 trypan blue A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain. bellozal|F-96221-BM1|bilastine|bilaxten 4354 testosterone enantate bioallethrin|allethrin|allethrine|esbiothrin|esbiothrine|esbiol 4355 sucrose A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. bismuth subcitrate|bismuth tripotassium dicitrate|bismuth subcitrate potassium 4356 stearic acid bisoxatin 4357 protocatechualdehyde found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure anidulafungin|ecalta|eraxis|LY 303366|LY-303366 4358 polydatin from Polygonum cuspidatum arginine glutamate|argimate|ginamate|glutargin 4359 polidocanol An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS. WAY-173606|bosutinib|bosulif|bosutinib monohydrate|bosutinib hydrate|SKI-606|SKI 606 436 betamipron buserelin|etilamide|receptal|buserelin acetate|suprecur 4360 N-Acetylglucosamine The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine. cetrimide|cetavlon|quammonium 4361 methylnaltrexone a selective antagonist of opioid binding at the mu-opioid receptor with restricted ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, function as a peripherally-acting mu‑opioid receptor antagonist in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, thereby decreasing the constipating effects of opioids without impacting opioid-mediated analgesic effects on the central nervous system chenodiol|chenodeoxycholic acid|chenic acid|anthropodesoxycholic acid|anthropododesoxycholic acid|chenodesoxycholic acid|gallodesoxycholic acid 4362 lycopene A carotenoid and red pigment produced by tomatoes, other red fruits and vegetables, and photosynthetic algae. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of other carotenoids, and has antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, radioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. chiniofon 4363 linolenic acid A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins. chloroform|trichloroform|trichloromethane 4364 levomenol drug combination containing chamomile and bisabolol; used to treat dermatitis 4365 diacetyl benzoyl lathyrol RSD1235|vernakalant|vernakalant hydrochloride|brinavess|vernakalant HCl 4366 levomefolic acid an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined lupkynis|trans-R 1524|R-1524|orelvo|voclera|ISATX247|ISA-247|ISA247|ISA 247|voclosporin 4367 linaclotide Linaclotide is a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist. Both linaclotide and its active metabolite bind to GC-C and act locally on the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. Activation of GC-C results in an increase in both intracellular and extracellular concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Elevation in intracellular cGMP stimulates secretion of chloride and bicarbonate into the intestinal lumen, mainly through activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel, resulting in increased intestinal fluid and accelerated transit. In animal models, linaclotide has been shown to both accelerate GI transit and reduce intestinal pain. The linaclotide-induced reduction in visceral pain in animals is thought to be mediated by increased extracellular cGMP, which was shown to decrease the activity of pain-sensing nerves. 4368 spinosad combination of spinosyns A and D; isolated from Saccharopolyspora spinosa xanthinol|xantinol|xantinol nicotinate|xanthinol nicotinate|xanthinol niacinate 437 actarit buspirone|buspin|buspirone hydrochloride|buspirone HCl 4370 phenylacetic acid XENON XE-127|xenon (127Xe) gas|Xe 127|Xenon-127 4371 ammonia A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE. XENON XE-133|xenon (133Xe) gas|Xe 133|Xenon-133 4372 trinitrophenol used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure triaziquone|triaziquinone|triaziquinonum|triaziquon 4373 sincalide An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. sodium benzoate 4374 enzalutamide Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor inhibitor that acts on different steps in the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Enzalutamide has been shown to competitively inhibit androgen binding to androgen receptors and inhibit androgen receptor nuclear translocation and interaction with DNA. A major metabolite, N‑desmethyl enzalutamide, exhibited similar in vitro activity to enzalutamide. Enzalutamide decreased proliferation and induced cell death of prostate cancer cells in vitro, and decreased tumor volume in a mouse prostate cancer xenograft model. lorcaserin hydrochloride hemihydrate|lorcaserin hydrochloride|belviq|lorcaserin|lorcaserin HCl|APD356|APD 356|APD-356 4375 sodium tetrachloroaurate colchamine|demecolcine|deacetylmethylcolchicine|demecolcin|desmecolcine 4376 sodium pyrophosphate dequalinium|dequalinium chloride|dequalinium dichloride 4377 nitroprusside Sodium nitroprusside interacts with oxyhemoglobin to produce methemoglobin, cyanide, and nitric oxide (NO). NO then reacts with guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle to produce cGMP that reduces intracellular calcium concentrations resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilatation of peripheral arteries and veins. desaspidin|rosapin 4378 phenyl trimethicone NRDC 161|decamethrin|decistab|deltamethrin|decamethrine 4379 trabectedin A complex structure that includes isoquinolines joined by a cyclic ester; it is a DNA-binding agent and guanine N2 alkylator derived from the marine tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata. Trabectedin is used for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue SARCOMA, after failure of ANTHRACYCLINES or IFOSFAMIDE drug therapy. degarelix|firmagon|degarelix acetate 438 butamben busilvex|busulfan|busulfex|busulphan|citosulfan|glyzophrol|leucosulfan|sulphabutin 4380 teriflunomide Teriflunomide, an immunomodulatory agent with anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. The exact mechanism by which teriflunomide exerts its therapeutic effect in multiple sclerosis is unknown but may involve a reduction in the number of activated lymphocytes in CNS. desvenlafaxine|desvenlafaxine succinate|pristiq|DVS-233|desvenlafaxine fumarate 4381 Choline C-11 dapoxetine|priligy|dapoxetine hydrochloride|LY-210448 4382 sodium hydroxide A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) YM178|myrbetriq|mirabegron 4383 rose bengal A bright bluish pink compound that has been used as a dye, biological stain, and diagnostic aid. calcium lactate 4384 Padimate A combined with PABA in Spectraban 15 lotion & with indomethacin in Spectraban 5.6 lotion levoleucovorin calcium pentahydrate|levoleucovorin|calcium levofolinate|levoleucovorin calcium|levofolene|L-Folinic acid|levofolinic acid|sodium levofolinate|calcium levofolinate hydrate 4385 oftasceine calcium pangamate 4386 octyltriethoxysilane 4387 levmetamfetamine sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor used as nasal decongestant carbasalate calcium|calcium carbasalate|calcium carbaspirin|calpirinsan|carbaspirin calcium 4388 dodecanoic acid 4391 hydroxocobalamin acetate chondroitin sulfate-iron complex|chondroitin iron sulfate 4392 glycolic acid cisplatin|platinum diamminodichloride|cis-Platinum 4393 gadoxetate clefamide|chlorophenoxamide|chlorphenoxamide 4395 fluorometholone acetate clodantoin|chlordantoin 4396 eugenol A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS. dicophane|clofenotane|chlorophenothane|chlorphenothan|clofenotan 4397 dipyrithione clopenthixol hydrochloride|clopenthixol HCl|clopenthixol|chlorpenthixol|sordinol 4398 dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol tegafur|ftorafur|FT-207|florafur|futraful 4399 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes. eltrombopag|SB 497115|revolade|eltrombopag olamine|ppromacta 44 methylhexaneamine sympathomimetic aliphatic amine with vasoconstrictor activity acediasulfone 440 sabcomeline selective for M1 receptors; RN refers to (R,S)-isomer butalamine hydrochloride|butalamine|butalamine HCl 4400 diazolidinylurea RWJ-333369|carisbamate 4401 chloramphenicol succinate inactive precursor (PRODRUGS) of chloramphenicol; used for parenteral administration of chloramphenicol; RN given refers to (R-(R*,R*))-isomer zunrisa|casopitant|casopitant mesilate|casopitant mesylate|GW679769|GW-679769 4402 regorafenib Regorafenib is a small molecule inhibitor of multiple membrane-bound and intracellular kinases involved in normal cellular functions and in pathologic processes such as oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor immunity. In in vitro biochemical or cellular assays, regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAF V600E, SAPK2, PTK5, Abl and CSF1R at concentrations of regorafenib that have been achieved clinically. In in vivo models, regorafenib demonstrated anti-angiogenic activity in a rat tumor model and inhibition of tumor growth in several mouse xenograft models including some for human colorectal carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal and hepatocellular carcinoma. Regorafenib also demonstrated anti-metastatic activity in a mouse xenograft model and two mouse orthotopic models of human colorectal carcinoma. ceftobiprole medocaril|BAL5788|Ro 65-5788|ceftobiprole medocaril sodium|BAL9141|BAL-9141|BAL 9141|BAL 9141-000 4403 tedisamil cerium oxalate 4404 meprotixol cobamamide|adenosylcobalamin|cobalamin coenzyme|Vitamin B12 coenzyme 4405 mersalyl A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions. cholestagel|colesevelam|colesevelam hydrochloride|WELCHOL|colesevelam HCl 4406 metabutethamine 4407 metamizole A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE. cyfluthrin 4408 methylatropine cymarin 4409 creatine An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine. cypermethrin 441 camphotamide alisobumal|allylbarbital|allylbarbitone|allylisobutylbarbital|allylisobutylbarbituric acid|butalbarbital|isobutylallylbarbituric acid|itobarbital|butalbital 4410 choline magnesium trisalicylate plerixafor hydrochloride|plerixafor HCl|AMD3100|AMD 3100|plerixafor|mozobil 4411 benzoin A white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide and used in organic syntheses. This should not be confused with benzoin gum from STYRAX. dexchlorpheniramine|(+)-Chloropheniramine|(+)-Chlorpheniramine|S-Chlorpheniramine|d-Chlorpheniramine|dexchlorpheniramine maleate 4412 benzoic acid A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. diamorphine hydrochloride|diacetylmorphine hydrochloride|heroin|diamorphine|acetomorphin|acetomorphine|diacetylmorphine|diamorphine HCl|diacetylmorphine HCl 4413 brilliant green biotiren|bromotiren|dibromotyrosine|DL-3,5-Dibromotyrosine 4414 betiatide Betiatide is the active ingredient in several kits for the preparation of radioactive diagnostic agents, including technetium Tc 99m mertiatide. It is used in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired abnormalities, renal failure, urinary tract obstruction and calculi. dibutylphthalate|dibutyl phthalate|butyl phthalate|phthalate dibutyl 4415 betamethasone phosphate phosphate ester of betamethasone; RN given refers to the di-Na salt (11beta,16beta)-isomer; structure in Negwer,5th ed, 4975 dibutylsuccinate|dibutyl succinate 4416 1-Octacosanol didecyldimethylammonium chloride 4418 methylrosaniline DEET|diethyltoluamide|dieltamid|metadelfene 4419 metizoline bemarsal|1,2-di(4-arsonophenylamino)ethane decahydrate|difetarsone|diphetarsone 442 etafedrine butamirate citrate|butamyrate citrate|butamirate|butamyrate 4420 morniflumate Dihydro-.alpha.-ergocryptine|Dihydro-.alpha.-ergocryptine mesylate|dihydroergocryptine mesylate|dihydroergocryptine|dihydroergocriptine|Dihydro-.alpha.-ergocryptine mesilate|dihydroergocryptine mesilate 4421 nalfurafine diiodohydroxypropane|iothion|iopropane 4422 naproxcinod a nitric oxide-releasing NSAID derivative etilevodopa|levodopa ethyl ester 4423 nicofetamide ethybenztropine|tropethydryline|etybenzatropine chlorhydrate|ponalide|etybenzatropine|ethylbenztropine 4425 obidoxime Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti. colistin|colimycin|Polymyxin E|colistin sulfate|colistins sulfate 4426 omacetaxine mepesuccinate Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC. bufylline|ambuphylline|butaphyllamine|theophylline aminoisobutanol 4427 oritavancin calcitonin (human)|cibacalcin|calcitonin (human synthetic)|calcitonin human 4428 ornipressin A synthetic analog of vasopressin with ORNITHINE substitution at residue 8 of the cyclic nonapeptide. It is used as a local vasoconstrictor and hemostatic. 4429 ornithine oxoglurate calcitonin (pork natural)|calcitonin pork|calcitonin pig|calcitonin (swine) 443 temozolomide Temozolomide is not directly active but undergoes rapid nonenzymatic conversion at physiologic pH to the reactive compound 5-(3-methyltriazen1-yl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC). The cytotoxicity of MTIC is thought to be primarily due to alkylation of DNA. butaperazine|butyrylperazine|emerex|megalectil|randolectil 4430 oxabolone cipionate calcium acetate and magnesium carbonate 4431 panobinostat An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA. calcium alginate 4432 paraoxon An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a pesticide. calcium carbimide|calcium cyanamide|cyanamid 4433 perampanel a non-competitive AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of seizures calcium glucoheptonate|calcium heptagluconate|calcium gluceptate 4434 perflenapent a phase shift contrast agent that uses dodecafluoropentane as the enhancing gas calcium glycerylphosphate|calcium glycerophosphate 4435 phenothrin almagate 4436 phenylmercuric borate aluminium chloride|aluminum chloride 4437 phenylmercuric nitrate aluminium clofibrate 4438 picodralazine aluminium oxide 4439 pleconaril aluminium phosphate|aluminum phosphate|monoaluminum phosphate 4440 policresulen anti-infective agent (vaginal); condensation product of meta-cresolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin 4441 polihexanide calcium phosphate|tribasic calcium phosphate|tricalcium phosphate 4442 polynoxylin trolamine salicylate|triethanolaminium salicylate|triethanolamine salicylate 4443 potassium bitartrate iron oxide|ferric oxide|ferric oxide red|ferric oxide, saccharated|iron oxide, nanoparticles|colloidal ferric oxide 4444 potassium lactate 2-aminobenzoate|meradimate|menthyl anthranilate 4445 remikiren renin inhibitor under development for the treatment of hypertension carbamide peroxide 4446 ritiometan iodine 4447 potassium perchlorate thyroid antagonist; structure 4448 potassium permanganate Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed) dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate|calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 4449 pyrethrins The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester. diodone|diodon|iodopyracet 445 aminohippuric acid The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity. butethamate citrate|phenethylaminecitrate|butethamate|butetamate 4451 esatenolol prednisolone sodium phosphate|sodium prednisolone phosphate|prednisolone phosphoric acid|prednisolone phosphate 4452 satraplatin clobetasol 17-propionate|clofenazon|clobetasol propionate 4453 semustine 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent. lysine acetate 4454 sodium apolate sulfonic acid polymers represent a new class of HIV inhibitors testosterone cypionate|testosterone cyclopentylpropionate 4455 sodium aurothiomalate A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis. fludeoxyglucose F-18|fludeoxyglucose F 18|fludeoxyglucose (18F) 4456 sodium aurotiosulfate hydrocortisone sodium succinate|hydrocortisone succinate|hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 4459 sodium edetate penicillin G procaine|procaine benzylpenicillin 446 enprofylline butizide|buthiazide|butizid|isobutylhydrochlorothiazide|thiabutazide 4460 sodium feredetate iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd menthyl salicylate, (+/-)-|menthyl salicylate 4461 somatorelin manganese sulfate 4462 spiramycin A macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. The drug is effective against gram-positive aerobic pathogens, N. gonorrhoeae, and staphylococci. It is used to treat infections caused by bacteria and Toxoplasma gondii. dodeclonium bromide 4463 stibophen antimony compound used as treatment of schistosomiasis domiphen chloride|domiphen hydroxide|domiphen bromide|domiphen 4464 tofacitinib Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. JAKs are intracellular enzymes which transmit signals arising from cytokine or growth factor-receptor interactions on the cellular membrane to influence cellular processes of hematopoiesis and immune cell function. Within the signaling pathway, JAKs phosphorylate and activate Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) which modulate intracellular activity including gene expression. Tofacitinib modulates the signaling pathway at the point of JAKs, preventing the phosphorylation and activation of STATs. droxypropine 4465 strontium ranelate an uncoupling agent containing strontium prevents bone loss by depressing bone resorption & maintaining bone formation in estrogen-deficient rats efaproxiral sodium|efaproxiral 4466 cabozantinib Cabozantinib inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of MET, VEGFR-1, -2 and -3, AXL, RET, ROS1, TYRO3, MER, KIT, TRKB, FLT-3, and TIE-2. These receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in both normal cellular function and pathologic processes such as oncogenesis, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, drug resistance, and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment. eosin|eosin yellowish|bromofluorescein|tetrabromofluorescein|sodium eosin|sodium eosine 4467 ponatinib a pan-Bcr-Abl protein kinase Inhibitor epanolol|ICI-141,292 4468 benzylpenicilloyl polylysine spravato|esketamine HCl|esketamine hydrochloride|esketamine|l-Ketamine 4469 teduglutide an analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) preserves mucosal integrity by promoting repair and normal growth of the intestine through an increase of villus height and crypt depth 447 caffeine A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. butibufen|butibufen sodium 4470 daunorubicinol main metabolite of daunomycin ivemend|fosaprepitant|fosaprepitant dimeglumine|fosaprepitant meglumine 4472 lomitapide an anticholesteremic agent and microsomal triglycide transfer protein inhibitor AMMONIA N-13|13N-Ammonia 4473 streptoduocin prepopik|sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide and citric acid 4474 succinimide trisodium citrate dihydrate|sodium citrate dihydrate 4475 sulfatolamide iron pentacarbonyl|pentacarbonyl iron 4476 sulglicotide used in therapy of gastric & duodenal ulcer; polysulfuric ester of a sialoglycopeptide ammonium lactate 4477 sulodexide sodium citrate|trisodium citrate 4478 tacalcitol phosphoric acid 4479 tenidap calcium citrate 448 phenamine butinoline|budifin 4481 tetragalacturonic acid hydroxymethylester N-ACETYL-TYROSINE|N-Acetyltyrosine|N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine 4482 tetramethrin levonordefrin|corbadrine|(-)-alpha-(1-Aminoethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol|levoepinefrina 4483 thiocolchicoside used in combination with glafenine and meprobamate to tranquilize patients undergoing hysterosalpingography; structure carfilzomib|kyprolis|PR-171|PR 171 4484 thioctic acid An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. aclidinium bromide|Tudorza Pressair|aclidinium|LAS 34273|LAS W-330 4485 thiomersal An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate. dermaflor|diacort|diflorasone diacetate 4486 ticlatone taurine|2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid|taurine monopotassium|taurine potassium|taurine hydrochloride 4487 tidiacic arginine kayexalate|sodium polystyrene sulfonate|sodium p-styrenesulfonate homopolymer 4489 trimegestone ligand for progesterone receptor magnesium acetate tetrahydrate|magnesium acetate|magnesium diacetate|cromosan 449 aminoacridine A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator. butobarbitone|butobarbital|butobarbitural|hyperbutal|butethal 4490 trimethyldiphenylpropylamine 4491 tyloxapol non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8 sodium ferric gluconate complex|ferrous gluconate|iron gluconate|ferroglyconicum|glucoferron 4492 tyrothricin A polypeptide antibiotic mixture obtained from Bacillus brevis. It consists of a mixture of three tyrocidines (60%) and several gramicidins (20%) and is very toxic to blood, liver, kidneys, meninges, and the olfactory apparatus. It is used topically. calcium threonate 4494 bedaquiline Bedaquiline is a diarylquinoline antimycobacterial drug that inhibits mycobacterial ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) synthase, by binding to subunit c of the enzyme that is essential for the generation of energy in M. tuberculosis. omniscan|gadodiamide 4495 bleomycin A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. aluminium chlorohydrate|aluminum chlorohydrate|aluminium hydroxychloride|aluminum chlorhydrate|aluminum chlorhydroxide 4496 etallobarbital haloperidol decanoate|haldol decanoate 4497 crofelemer an antisecretory antidiarrheal estradiol acetate 4498 glycerol phenylbutyrate for treating urea cycle disorders paliperidone palmitate|RO92670|invega sustenna 4499 pomalidomide an immunomodulator with antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibitor activity hydrofluoric acid|fluorhydric acid|fluoric acid 45 fumaric acid see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters aceglatone|glucaron 4500 mipomersen an antisense oligonucleotide that binds apolipoprotein B mRNA and inhibits expression of apoB amiloxate|isoamyl methoxycinnamate 4501 quifenadine nuvigil|CEP-10953|armodafinil|R-modafinil 4503 ospemifene an estrogen agonist/antagonist with tissue selective effects, its biological actions are mediated through binding to estrogen receptors, this binding results in activation of estrogenic pathways in some tissues (agonism) and blockade of estrogenic pathways in others (antagonism) sulfan blue|isosulfan blue|lymphazurin|iso-sulfan blue 4504 cetyl alcohol has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure hydrocortisone valerate|hydrocortisone pentanoate 4505 fomivirsen an antisense compound; used to treat CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS; RN refers to eicosasodium salt choline fenofibrate|fenofibric acid|procetofenic acid 4506 levobetaxolol 4508 pentetate calcium trisodium racepinephrine|epirenamine|racepinefrine|racepinephrine hydrochloride|racepinephrine HCl 4509 pentetate zinc trisodium 451 hexylresorcinol A substituted dihydroxybenzene used topically as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor skin infections. butoctamide semisuccinate|butoctamide|hexobutyramide 4510 technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept Tilmanocept is a receptor-targeted radiopharmaceutical that is designed to rapidly transit lymphatic vessels; it biotargets, accumulates, and is retained in primary, key predictive, draining lymph nodes (sentinel lymphnodes). The drug substance, tilmanocept, specifically binds to mannose binding receptor proteins (CD206) that reside on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. Macrophages are present in high concentrations in lymph nodes. magnesium salicylate tetrahydrate|magnesium salicylate hydrate|magan|magnesium salicylate 4511 polaprezinc stimulates bone growth chromium picolinate|chromium tripicolinate 4512 dimethyl fumarate A fumarate derivative that is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of PSORIASIS and SKIN DISEASES. It also may be used as an IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. lithium citrate|trilithium citrate|lithonate|lithium citrate hydrate 4513 canagliflozin A glucoside-derived SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 inhibitor that stimulates urinary excretion of glucose by suppressing renal glucose reabsorption. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES. magnesium silicate|magnesium trisilicate|trisilicalm|magnesium mesotrisilicate 4514 aloglutamol teriparatide recombinant human|forsteo|teriparatide|teriparatide acetate|hPTH 1-34|parathar 4515 aloxiprin magnesium D-gluconate|magnesium gluconate|glucomag 4516 aluminium acetoacetate corticotropin (1-24)|cosyntropin|tetracosactrin|tetracosapeptide|tetracosactide|tetracosactide acetate|tetracosactrin zinc 4517 aluminium acetotartrate magnesium aspartate|Aspartic Acid, Magnesium (2:1) Salt|magnesium hydroaspartate 4518 aluminium glycinate sodium thiosulfate|disodium thiosulphate|sulfothiorine 4519 aluminium nicotinate potassium citrate anhydrous|potassium citrate|tripotassium citrate 452 halopropane 4522 aurotioprol carbaldrate|dihydroxialumini sodium carbonate|dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate|aluminum sodium dihydroxide monocarbonate|sodium aluminum carbonate hydroxide|sodium aluminum hydroxycarbonate 4523 biphenylol quinine bisulfate heptahydrate|chinine|qualaquin|quinine|quinine sulfate 4524 dimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine potassium gluconate|gluconic acid monopotassium salt|gluconic acid potassium salt 4525 dimethylcarbate 4526 dimethylphthalate used as plasticizer in computer mouse; structure aluminum carbonate, basic|aluminum carbonate 4527 dipiperonylaminoethanol potassium phosphate|tripotassium phosphate|potassium orthophosphate 4528 ethyl hydroxybenzoate ferrous sulfate|ferrous sulfate, dried 4529 etohexadiol insect repellent, moderately irritating to eyes, mucous membranes, but not to skin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure ferric persulfate|ferric sulfate 453 salamidacetic acid butofilolol 4530 fluoromethylcholine (18F) cupric chloride|copper dichloride 4532 mepartricin Polyene macrolide antibiotic with unknown composition. It is obtained from Streptomyces aureofaciens. It is used as an antifungal agent, an antiprotozoal agent, and in the treatment of BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY. mangafodipir|mangafodipir trisodium 4533 sodium perborate samarium [153Sm] lexidronam pentasodium|Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam pentasodium|samarium (153Sm) lexidronam|quadramet|samarium SM-153 lexidronam pentasodium 4534 ridaforolimus an mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of cancer etanautine|bietanautine|nautamine 4535 sodium picosulfate contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure fazadinium bromide|fazadon|fazadinium|fazadinium dibromide 4536 sodium tartrate fenbendazole|fenbendazol|febendazole|phenbendasol 4537 sodium selenate A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide. ferric (59Fe) citrate|Iron-59 citrate 4538 sodium selenite The disodium salt of selenious acid. It is used therapeutically to supply the trace element selenium and is prepared by the reaction of SELENIUM DIOXIDE with SODIUM HYDROXIDE. fexeric|ferric citrate hydrate|ferric citrate|ferric citrate trihydrate 4539 hachimycin major descriptor (78-85); on-line search ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIFUNGAL (66-85); Index Medicus search TRICHOMYCIN (63-77); HACHIMYCIN (78-85) ferric hydroxide|ferric trihydroxide 454 meglumine antimonate ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS. butorphanol|(-)-Butorphanol|butorphanol tartrate|BC 2627|BC-2627 4540 sodium chlorite ferrous ascorbate|ascofer 4541 sinecatechins ferrous aspartate|spartocine 4542 mercuric amidochloride ferrous carbonate|ferrous monocarbonate|iron carbonate 4543 mercuric chloride Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant. ferrous chloride|ferrous dichloride|iron dichloride 4544 mercurochrome A once-popular mercury containing topical antiseptic. ferrous succinate|iron succinate 4545 mercuric iodide ferrous tartrate|ferrotrat|iron tartrate 4546 sodium hypochlorite It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) fluclorolone 4549 nabiximols Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L. The most pharmacologically active constituents are TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOL; and CANNABIDIOL. 455 buramate butriptyline hydrochloride|butriptyline|butriptylene|butriptyline HCl 4550 gramicidin A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN. fluorodopa F-18|fluorodopa (18F)|fluorodopa F 18 4552 sodium borate see also sodium borate 4553 sodium propionate was term of propionic acid (1986-2006) fluprednidene|fluprednylidene 4555 sodium nitrite Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines. 4558 vilanterol Vilanterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist. The clinical relevance of this in vitro finding is unknown. Although beta2-receptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta1-receptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta2-receptors in the human heart comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenergic receptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but they raise the possibility that even highly selective beta2-agonists may have cardiac effects. The pharmacologic effects of beta2-adrenergic agonist drugs, including vilanterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. magnevist|gadopentetic acid|Gd-DTPA|gadopentetate dimeglumine 4559 radium Ra 223 dichloride gadoteric acid 456 metirosine An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) butropium|butropium bromide|coliopan 4560 dabrafenib Dabrafenib is an inhibitor of some mutated forms of BRAF kinases with in vitro IC50 values of 0.65, 0.5, and 1.84 nM for BRAF V600E, BRAF V600K, and BRAF V600D enzymes, respectively. Dabrafenib also inhibits wild-type BRAF and CRAF kinases with IC50 values of 3.2 and 5.0 nM, respectively, and other kinases such as SIK1, NEK11, and LIMK1 at higher concentrations. Some mutations in the BRAF gene, including those that result in BRAF V600E, can result in constitutively activated BRAF kinases that may stimulate tumor cell growth. Dabrafenib inhibits cell growth of various BRAF V600 mutation-positive tumors in vitro and in vivo. gallium citrate Ga-67|gallium (67Ga) citrate|gallium-67 citrate 4561 trametinib a reversible inhibitor of mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 activation and of MEK1 and MEK2 kinase activity. MEK proteins are upstream regulators of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway, which promotes cellular proliferation 4562 sequifenadine gepirone ER|gepirone|gepirone monohydrochloride|gepirone hydrochloride|gepirone HCl 4565 palifermin A fibroblast growth factor that is a specific mitogen for EPITHELIAL CELLS. It binds a complex of HEPARAN SULFATE and FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2B. hematin 4566 dolutegravir Dolutegravir inhibits HIV integrase by binding to the integrase active site and blocking the strand transfer step of retroviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integration which is essential for the HIV replication cycle. gamma hydroxybutyric acid|sodium oxybate|sodium hydroxybutyrate|xyrem|oxybate 4567 vortioxetine A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression. nomegestrol 4568 riociguat guanylate cyclase stimulator hydrochloric acid 4569 ipidacrine do not confuse with neuromedin hydrocortisone buteprate|hydrocortisone probutate|pandel 457 amisometradine 4570 macitentan an endothelin receptor antagonist that prevents the binding of ET-1 to both ETA and ETB receptors, macitentan displays high affinity and sustained occupancy of the ET receptors in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells hydroquinine|dihydroquinine 4571 ibrutinib Ibrutinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of BTK. Ibrutinib forms a covalent bond with a cysteine residue in the BTK active site, leading to inhibition of BTK enzymatic activity. BTK is a signaling molecule of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and cytokine receptor pathways. BTK's role in signaling through the B-cell surface receptors results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell trafficking, chemotaxis, and adhesion. Nonclinical studies show that ibrutinib inhibits malignant B-cell proliferation and survival in vivo as well as cell migration and substrate adhesion in vitro. hydroxyethylpromethazine 4573 sofosbuvir A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C. iclaprim|iclaprim mesylate|iclaprim mesilate 4574 simeprevir Oral HCV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV) serine protease NS3/4A. It is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (Antivirals) genotype 1 infection in adults with compensated liver disease, including CIRRHOSIS. idanpramine|idanpramine hydrochloride|idanpramine sulfate|idanpramine HCl 4575 luliconazole an antifungal that belongs to the azole class, luliconazole appears to inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol demethylase, inhibition of this enzyme’s activity by azoles results in decreased amounts of ergosterol, a constituent of fungal cell membranes, and a corresponding accumulation of lanosterol indigo carmine|indigotindisulfonate sodium 4577 olodaterol a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (LABA), activation of beta2 receptors in the airways results in a stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that mediates the synthesis of cyclic-3',5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), elevated levels of cAMP induce bronchodilation by relaxation of airway smooth muscle cells iobenguane (131I)|Iobenguane I 131|3-iodobenzylguanidine (131I)|raiatt MIBG-I 131|azedra|131I-MIBG 4578 lixisenatide A synthetic GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist that binds GLP-1 receptor that is used to control blood sugar levels in patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES; amino acid sequence is H-HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPSK KKKKK-NH2 (ZP10A). iodocholesterol (131I)|Iodocholesterol I 131 4579 umeclidinium a long-acting antimuscarinic agent with similar affinity to the subtypes of muscarinic receptors M1 to M5, in the airways, it exhibits pharmacological effects through inhibition of M3 receptor at the smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation iodoform|carbon triiodide|triiodomethane 458 aminometradine buscopan|scopolamine butyl hydroxide|scopolamine butylbromide|hyoscine butylbromide|butylscopolamine|butylscopolammonium|butylscopolamine bromide|n-butylscopolammonium|n-butylscopolammonium bromide 4580 rifamycin ioglicic acid|ioglicinate 4581 florbetaben F18 Florbetaben F18 is a F18-labeled stilbene derivative, which binds to beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. The F 18 isotope produces a positron signal that is detected by a PET scanner. iopydol 4582 delamanid an antitubercular agent ioxithalaminic acid|ioxitalamate|ioxitalamic acid 4583 nordefrin A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent. itramin|itramin tosilate|itramin tosylate|tostramin 4584 tasimelteon an agonist at melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors, these receptors are thought to be involved in the control of circadian rhythms krypton, Kr-81M|krypton (81mKr) gas|Kr 81|Krypton-81|81Kr|Krypton Kr 81m|Krypton (81m Kr)|Krypton (81mKr)|Krypton-81m 4585 seractide lanthanum carbonate|fosrenol 4586 laninamivir octanoate hydrate an antiviral agent levomethadone|levomethadone hydrochloride|levomethadone HCl 4587 peramivir Peramivir is an inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, an enzyme that releases viral particles from the plasma membrane of infected cells. levoverbenone 4588 etilefrine pivalate linopirdine 4589 laquinimod Laquinimod is an immunomodulator developed by Teva for oral treatment for multiple sclerosis. linsidomine|linsidomine hydrochloride|linsidomine HCl 459 pimeclone buzepide metiodide|metazepium iodide|diphexamide iodomethylate|difexamide methiodide 4590 metreleptin Metreleptin is a recombinant human leptin analog that exerts its function by binding to and activating the human leptin receptor (ObR), which belongs to the Class I cytokine family of receptors that signals through the JAK/STAT transduction pathway. Native leptin is a hormone predominantly secreted by adipose tissue that informs the central nervous system of the status of energy stores in the body. In patients with generalized lipodystrophy, leptin deficiency, resulting from the loss of adipose tissue, contributes to excess caloric intake, which exacerbates the metabolic abnormalities. lithium succinate|efadermin 4591 iodohippurate sodium I125 4592 iodohippurate sodium I131 magnesium lactate 4593 apremilast Apremilast is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specific for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). PDE4 inhibition results in increased intracellular cAMP levels. The specific mechanism(s) by which apremilast exerts its therapeutic action in psoriatic arthritis patients and psoriasis patients is not well defined. magnesium levulinate|magnesium diasporal 4594 empagliflozin Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of SGLT2. By inhibiting SGLT2, empagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion. magnesium orotate 4595 vintafolide has significant antiproliferative activity and tolerability, thus lending support to an ongoing phase 1 trial for the treatment of advanced malignancies magnesium peroxide|magnesium perhydrol 4596 naloxegol A peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist specific for mu-opioid receptors. Used to decrease the constipating effects of opioids. magnesium phosphate|magnesium orthophosphate 4597 gemigliptin Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors; orally active small molecule for the treatment of type II diabetes magnesium pidolate|pidolic acid magnesium salt 4598 eliglustat Eliglustat tartrate is a small molecule inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase that resembles the ceramide substrate for the enzyme. Gaucher disease is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid beta-glucosidase. Acid beta-glucosidase catalyzes the conversion of the sphingolipid glucocerebroside into glucose and ceramide. The enzymatic deficiency causes an accumulation of glucosylceramide (GL-1) primarily in the lysosomal compartment of macrophages, giving rise to foam cells or "Gaucher cells". mannosulfan 4599 ethacizine 460 selenomethionine Diagnostic aid in pancreas function determination. cabergoline|dostinex|galastop|cabaser|cabaseril 4601 afamelanotide observations suggest that afamelanotide has beneficial effects in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria, induces epidermal melanin formation diosmetine|diosmetin 4602 calcium silicate diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate 4603 antimony pentasulfide cobalamin|cobalamine 4604 aprotinin A single-chain polypeptide derived from bovine tissues consisting of 58 amino-acid residues. It is an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes including CHYMOTRYPSIN; KALLIKREIN; PLASMIN; and TRYPSIN. It is used in the treatment of HEMORRHAGE associated with raised plasma concentrations of plasmin. It is also used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients at high risk of major blood loss during and following open heart surgery with EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995) xylitol 4605 bemiparin A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) tonzonium|thonzonium bromide|tonzonium bromide|thonzide|thonzonium 4607 bismuth subnitrate antacid containing bismuth, sodium & magnesium carbonates, rutin, Khellin & Rhamnus bark powder; do not confuse with colloidal bismuth subcitrate neuquinon|ubidecarenone|Vitamin Q 4608 calcium glubionate trypan blue free acid|trypan blue|trypane blue|naphthylamine blue|congo blue 4609 calcium lactate gluconate testosterone enanthate|testosterone heptylate|testosterone oenanthate|testosterone enantate 461 gluconic acid zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted cadralazine|cadrilan|cadral|cadraten 4610 calcium levulinate sucrose|cane sugar|saccharose|D-Sucrose 4611 chromium (51Cr) edetate stearic acid|octadecanoic acid 4612 ecallantide an NSAID and analgesic protocatechualdehyde|catechaldehyde|protocatechuic aldehyde 4613 cyanocobalamin (57Co) polydatin|polydotin peceid|pieceid 4614 somatropin A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency. polidocanol|asclera|varithena|Laureth-9|polyethylene glycol monododecyl ether|aethoxysklerol 4615 glycobiarsol N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine|N-Acetylglucosamine|acetylglucosamine 4617 colestilan a 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin polymer; bile acid and methotrexate anion-exchange resin lycopene|lycored|prolycopene 4618 colextran linolenic acid|alpha-Linolenic acid|linolenate 4619 cridanimod A small molecule that can increase progesterone receptor (PR) expression, with potential antineoplastic adjuvant activity. Upon intramuscular administration, cridanimod is able to induce the expression of PR in endometrial cancer. This could increase the sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells to progestin monotherapy. In combination with a progestin, cancer cells could be eradicated through increased PR-mediated signaling, leading to an inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the pituitary gland, via a negative feedback mechanism, and, eventually, an inhibition of estrogen release from the ovaries. This leads to an inhibition of cellular growth in estrogen-dependent tumor cells. In addition, this agent is able to increase the production and release of interferon (IFN) alpha and beta. PR is often downregulated in endometrial cancer and makes it resistant to progestin-mediated hormone therapy. levomenol|kamillosan|(-)-alpha-Bisabolol|bisabolol 462 bismuth camphocarbonate cafedrine|(-)-Cafedrine|l-Cafedrine 4620 crilanomer copolymer of starch & acrylonitrile diacetyl benzoyl lathyrol|Lathyrol-3,15-diacetate 5-benzoate 4621 conjugated estrogens A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate. L-methylfolate calcium|levomefolate magnesium|methylfolate|levomefolic acid|levomefolate calcium|metafolin 4622 sodium thiosalicylate a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd linzess|linaclotide|constella|MD-1100|MD-1100 acetate|linaclotide acetate 4623 estrone sulphate used therapeutically in menopausal patients spinosad|natroba 4624 corticorelin benzeneacetic acid|phenylacetic acid|phenylethanoic acid|sodium phenylacetate 4625 creosote A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH and other WOOD; COAL TAR; or resin of the CREOSOTE BUSH. It contains CRESOLS and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS which are CARCINOGENS. It has been widely used as wood preservative and in PESTICIDES and had former use medicinally in DISINFECTANTS; LAXATIVES; and DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS. ammonia 4626 prussian blue antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure trinitrophenol|picric acid|picronitric acid|carbazotic acid 4627 mebicar sincalide|cholecystokinin-8|SQ-19844|SQ 19844 4628 nicotinyl methylamide enzalutamide|xtandi|MDV3100|MDV-3100 4629 phenibut phenyl deriv of GABA; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure sodium tetrachloroaurate|gold sodium chloride|sodium chloroaurate 463 creatinolfosfate minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CREATINE/AA (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd anhydrous caffeine|peyona|caffeine|1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine|7-methyltheophylline|cafalgine|cafeina|durvitan|guaranine|thein|caffeine citrate|caffeine, citrated|nymusa 4630 levomilnacipran a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), mechanism of the antidepressant action of levomilnacipran is unknown, but is thought to be related to the potentiation of serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system sodium pyrophosphate|sodium diphosphate|tetrasodium diphosphate|tetrasodium pyrophosphate 4631 mebanazine sodium nitroprusside hydrate|sodium nitroprusside|nitroprussiat|nitroprusside sodium|nitroprusside sodium salt|sodium nitroferricyanide|sodium nitroprussiate|sodium nitrosylpentacyanoferrate|nitroprusside 4632 ceritinib Ceritinib is a kinase inhibitor. Targets of ceritinib inhibition identified in either biochemical or cellular assays at clinically relevant concentrations include ALK, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (InsR), and ROS1. Among these, ceritinib is most active against ALK. Ceritinib inhibited autophosphorylation of ALK, ALK-mediated phosphorylation of the downstream signaling protein STAT3, and proliferation of ALK-dependent cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo assays. phenyl trimethicone|phenyltrimethicone 4633 dexrabeprazole ecteinascidin 743|ET-743|ET 743|trabectedin|yondelis|ecteinascidin|ecteinascidine 4635 umifenovir an antiviral agent. Although data is limited, in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 has been reported. The drug has been included in COVID-19 treatment guidelines used in China and Russia. Choline C 11|Choline C 11 Injection|Choline C11|Choline C-11 4636 furazidin Nitrofuran derivative anti-infective agent used for urinary tract infections. sodium hydroxide|caustic soda 4638 vorapaxar Vorapaxar is a reversible antagonist of the protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) expressed on platelets, but its long half-life makes it effectively irreversible. Vorapaxar inhibits thrombin-induced and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP)-induced platelet aggregation in vitro studies. Vorapaxar does not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen or a thromboxane mimetic and does not affect coagulation parameters ex vivo. PAR-1 receptors are also expressed in a wide variety of cell types, including endothelial cells, neurons, and smooth muscle cells, but the pharmacodynamic effects of vorapaxar in these cell types have not been assessed. Padimate A|spectraban 4639 calcium polystyrene sulfonate oftasceine|calcein|fluorexon 464 levodopa The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. calcifediol|calcidiol|calderol 4640 ataluren A nonsense mutation in DNA results in a premature stop codon within an mRNA. This premature stop codon in the mRNA causes disease by terminating translation before a full-length protein is generated. Ataluren enables ribosomal readthrough of mRNA containing such a premature stop codon, resulting in production of a full-length protein. octyltriethoxysilane|triethoxyoctylsilane|triethoxycaprylsilan 4641 tedizolid phosphate Tedizolid phosphate is a prodrug that is converted by phosphatases to tedizolid, the microbiologically active moiety, following oral and intravenous administration. The antibacterial activity of tedizolid is mediated by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. Tedizolid inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through a mechanism of action different from that of other non-oxazolidinone class antibacterial drugs; therefore, cross-resistance between tedizolid and other classes of antibacterial drugs is unlikely. l-Desoxyephedrine|levmetamfetamine|(R)-Deoxyephedrine|(R)-Methamphetamine|(R)-Methylamphetamine|D-Methamphetamine|l-Methamphetamine|l-Methylamphetamine|levomethamphetamine 4642 efinaconazole Efinaconazole is an azole antifungal. Efinaconazole inhibits fungal lanosterol 14α-demethylase involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a constituent of fungal cell membranes. dodecanoic acid|lauric acid|laurostearic acid|vulvic acid 4644 daclatasvir an HCV NS5A inhibitor hydroxocobalamin acetate|acetatocobalamin|hydroxycobalamine acetate 4645 belinostat a hydroxamate-type inhibitor of histone deacetylase glycolic acid|hydroxyacetic acid|hydroxyethanoic acid 4646 tavaborole The mechanism of action of tavaborole is inhibition of fungal protein synthesis. Tavaborole inhibits protein synthesis by inhibition of an aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase (AARS).Tavaborole has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections. gadoxetate disodium|gadoxetate|eovist 4647 idelalisib Idelalisib is an inhibitor of PI3K-delta kinase, which is expressed in normal and malignant B-cells. Idelalisib induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in cell lines derived from malignant B-cells and in primary tumor cells. Idelalisib inhibits several cell signaling pathways, including B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and the CXCR4 and CXCR5 signaling, which are involved in trafficking and homing of B-cells to the lymph nodes and bone marrow. fluorometholone acetate|oxylone acetate|eflone 4648 enoxaparin sodium Low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, having a 4-enopyranosuronate sodium structure at the non-reducing end of the chain. It is prepared by depolymerization of the benzylic ester of porcine mucosal heparin. Therapeutically, it is used as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) eugenol|allylguaiacol|bioxeda|caryophyllic acid|dentogum|eugenic acid 4649 glatiramer acetate A random polymer of L-ALANINE, L-GLUTAMIC ACID, L-LYSINE, and L-TYROSINE that structurally resembles MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN. It is used in the treatment of RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. dipyrithione|omadine disulfide|pyrion disulfide|pyrithione disulfide 4650 suvorexant a highly selective antagonist for orexin receptors OX1R and OX2R, the orexin neuropeptide signaling system is a central promoter of wakefulness, blocking the binding of wake-promoting neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B to receptors OX1R and OX2R is thought to suppress wake drive dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol|DIMYRISTOYLPHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL, DL- 4652 istradefylline selective antagonist at the A2A receptor, used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease diazolidinyl urea|diazolidinylurea 4653 simetride a analgesic agent indicated for low back pain, symptomatic neuralgia, headache, menstrual pain, pharyngalgia/earache due to inflammation, toothache, postoperative pain, combined with caffeine chloramphenicol succinate|chloramphenicol sodium succinate|chloramphenicol succinate sodium|levomycetin sodium succinate|sodium chloramphenicol succinate|chloramphenicol monosuccinate sodium salt 4654 calfactant Infasurf is tradename; a lung surfactant extract from new born calves containing 35 mg/mL phospholipid & 2% surfactant-associated proteins B & C (wt/wt) regorafenib monohydrate|Stivarga|regorafenib|regorafenib hydrate|anhydrous regorafenib|BAY 73-4506 4655 dulaglutide a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; GLP-1 immunoglobulin G (IgG4) Fc fusion protein with extended activity KC-8857|tedisamil|tedisamil sesquifumarate 4656 cetilistat lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007) meprotixol|meprothixol 4657 favipiravir A pyrazinecarboxamide derivative with activity against RNA viruses. Favipiravir is converted to the ribofuranosyltriphosphate derivative by host enzymes and selectively inhibits the influenza viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several studies reported the use of favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19 but additional data are needed to substantiate the initial reports. Given the lack of pharmacokinetic and safety data for the high favipiravir dosages proposed for treatment of COVID-19, the drug should be used with caution at such dosages. mersalyl sodium|mersalyl|mercuramide|mercurital|mercusal|mersalin|mersalyl acid sodium salt|sodium mersalyl 4658 topiroxostat xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor metabutethamine|metabuthamine 4659 asunaprevir an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus algocalmin|metamizole|metamizole sodium|metamizol|metapyrin|methampyrone|dipyrone|dipyrone monohydrate|sulpyrine|metamizole magnesium|metamizole calcium 466 ethylnorepinephrine rocaltrol|calcitriol|Dihydroxyvitamin D3|topitriol|1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 4661 ipragliflozin creatine|methylguanidoacetic acid 4662 luseogliflozin an antidiabetic agent that inhibits sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) trisalicylate choline|choline magnesium trisalicylate|trilisate 4663 tofogliflozin inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 benzoin|(RS)-Benzoin|benzoylphenylcarbinol|desyl alcohol 4664 tipiracil tipiracil increases trifluridine exposure by inhibiting its metabolism by thymidine phosphorylase benzoic acid|benzenecarboxylic acid|benzeneformic acid|benzenemethanoic acid 4665 iguratimod a methanesulfonanilide disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that has been developed exclusively in Japan and China brilliant green 4666 teneligliptin A long-acting, orally bioavailable, pyrrolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Teneligliptin may also reduce plasma triglyceride levels through a sustained increase in GLP-1 levels. betiatide|technetium tc-99m mertiatide kit|technescan MAG3 4667 anagliptin anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound betamethasone phosphate|betamethasone sodium phosphate|betamethasone disodium phosphate|betnesol|durabetason 4668 edoxaban An orally active inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa (activated factor X) with anticoagulant activity. Edoxaban is administered as edoxaban tosylate. This agent has an elimination half-life of 9-11 hours and undergoes renal excretion. 1-Octacosanol|cluytyl alcohol|montanyl alcohol|octacosanol|octacosyl alcohol|n-Octacosanol 4669 netupitant Netupitant is a selective antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors. Delayed emesis has been largely associated with the activation of tachykinin family neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors (broadly distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems) by substance P. As shown in in vitro and in vivo studies, netupitant inhibits substance P mediated responses. 467 pildralazine caldiamide 4670 ledipasvir an inhibitor of the HCV NS5A protein, which is required for viral replication methylrosaniline|Crystal Violet carbinol|Crystal Violet base 4671 diquafosol purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist metizoline monohydrochloride|metizoline|benazolin|benazoline|metizolin|metizoline hydrochloride|metizoline HCl 4672 insulin glargine A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS. morniflumate 4673 imidafenacin TRK-820|winfuran|remitch|nalfurafine|nalfurafine hydrochloride|nalfurafine HCl 4674 nintedanib naproxcinod|nitronaproxen|AZD3582 4675 adalimumab A humanized monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to TNF-ALPHA and blocks its interaction with endogenous TNF RECEPTORS to modulate INFLAMMATION. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; CROHN'S DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. nicofetamide|lispamina|lyspamin|nicofetamida 4676 pegaptanib a pegylated modified oligonucleotide that binds with high specificity and affinity to extracellular Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF165) inhibiting its activity, VEGF is a secreted protein that induces angiogenesis, vascular permeability and inflammation, all of which are thought to contribute to the progression of the neovascular (wet) form of AMD obidoxime|obidoxime chloride|toxogonin|obidoxim 4677 fimasartan an angiotensin II receptor antagonist omacetaxine mepesuccinate|synribo|homoharringtonine|CGX-635|NSC 141633|NSC-141633 4678 olaparib Olaparib is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, including PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3. PARP enzymes are involved in normal cellular homeostasis, such as DNA transcription, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. Olaparib has been shown to inhibit growth of select tumor cell lines in vitro and decrease tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human cancer both as monotherapy or following platinum-based chemotherapy. Increased cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity following treatment with olaparib were noted in cell lines and mouse tumor models with deficiencies in BRCA. In vitro studies have shown that olaparib-induced cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity and increased formation of PARP-DNA complex, resulting in disruption of cellular homeostasis and cell death. oritavancin diphosphate|orbactiv|LY333328|oritavancin 4679 acotiamide A prokinetic agent with gastrointestinal (GI) motility-enhancing activity. Although the exact mechanism by which acotiamide exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine (Ach). Increased Ach concentrations lead to an improvement of gastric emptying and GI motility and eventually to a reduction of dyspepsia symptoms. ornipressin|ornithine-vasopressin|orpressin 468 halothane A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178) calusterone|methosarb 4680 alemtuzumab Alemtuzumab binds to CD52, an antigen present on the surface of B and T lymphocytes, a majority of monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, and a subpopulation of granulocytes. A proportion of bone marrow cells, including some CD34+ cells, express variable levels of CD52. The proposed mechanism of action is antibody-dependent cellular-mediated lysis following cell surface binding of alemtuzumab to the leukemic cells. ornithine oxoglurate|cetornan|ornicetil|ornithine 2-oxoglurate 4681 felypressin A synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity. oxabolone cipionate 4682 chlormerodrin A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool. farydak|panobinostat lactate|panobinostat lactate anhydrous|panobinostat|LBH-589|LBH589 4683 ombitasvir inhibits HCV NS5A protein paraoxon|oxyparathion|ethyl paraoxon|paraoxan|phosphachole|phosphacol|mintacol 4684 paritaprevir inhibits HCV NS3 protease perampanel hydrate|perampanel|fycompa|E2007|E-2007 4685 dasabuvir Dasabuvir is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase encoded by the NS5B gene, which is essential for replication of the viral genome. In a biochemical assay, dasabuvir inhibited a panel of genotype 1a and 1b NS5B polymerases. Based on drug resistance mapping studies of HCV genotypes 1a and 1b, dasabuvir targets the palm domain of the NS5B polymerase, and is therefore referred to as a non-nucleoside NS5B-palm polymerase inhibitor. perflenapent|perfluoropentane 4687 blinatumomab a single-chain bispecific recombinant antibody from Micromet's BiTE (bispecific T-cell engager) product platform that binds both the CD19 antigen and the T-cell receptor (CD3), for the potential treatment of B-cell lymphoma phenylmercuric borate|exomycol 4688 aflibercept has antiangiogenic activity; consists of the second and third Ig domains of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, respectively, fusion to the Fc region of IgG1; putative antineoplastic agent that binds all VEGF-A isoforms; possible medicine for eye disorders phenylmercuric nitrate 4689 ramucirumab Ramucirumab is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antagonist that specifically binds VEGF Receptor 2 and blocks binding of VEGFR ligands, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. As a result, ramucirumab inhibits ligand-stimulated activation of VEGF Receptor 2, thereby inhibiting ligand-induced proliferation, and migration of human endothelial cells. Ramucirumab inhibited angiogenesis in an in vivo animal model. picodralazine|picodralazine hydrochloride|picodralazine HCl 469 beclamide camazepam 4690 idursulfase An enzyme that specifically cleaves the ester sulfate of iduronic acid. Its deficiency has been demonstrated in Hunter's syndrome, which is characterized by an excess of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. EC 3.1.6.13. pleconaril|picovir 4691 decamethoxine a bisquaternary ammonium salt policresulen 4692 finafloxacin Finafloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterials which involves the inhibition of bacterial type II topoisomerase enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination. polihexanide|prontosan 4693 safinamide Safinamide acts through both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic mechanisms of action. Safinamide is a highly selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitor causing an increase in extracellular levels of dopamine in the striatum. Safinamide is associated with state-dependent inhibition of voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels, and modulation of stimulated release of glutamate. To what extent the nondopaminergic effects contribute to the overall effect has not been established. polynoxylin|polynoxyline|polyoxymethylenurea 4694 ceftolozane Ceftolozane belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibacterial drugs. The bactericidal action of ceftolozane results from inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis, and is mediated through binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Ceftolozane is an inhibitor of PBPs of P. aeruginosa (e.g., PBP1b, PBP1c, and PBP3) and E. coli (e.g., PBP3). potassium hydrogentartrate|monopotassium tartrate|potassium hydrogen tartrate|potassium hydrotartrate|potassium bitartrate 4695 nivolumab A genetically engineered, fully humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the PD-1 RECEPTOR, activating an immune response to tumor cells. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with IPILIMUMAB for the treatment of advanced malignant MELANOMA. It is also used in the treatment of advanced or recurring NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; RENAL CELL CARCINOMA; and HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA. potassium lactate|Potassium DL-lactate 4696 pembrolizumab A humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 antibody directed against human cell surface receptor PD-1 (programmed death-1 or programmed cell death-1) with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, pembrolizumab binds to PD-1, an inhibitory signaling receptor expressed on the surface of activated T cells, and blocks the binding to and activation of PD-1 by its ligands, which results in the activation of T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. The ligands for PD-1 include programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), overexpressed on certain cancer cells, and programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), which is primarily expressed on APCs. Activated PD-1 negatively regulates T-cell activation and plays a key role in in tumor evasion from host immunity. remikiren|Ro 42-5892|Ro-42-5892 4697 becaplermin A recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B-chain dimer used to promote WOUND HEALING by stimulating PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. ritiometan 4698 magaldrate composed of aluminium and magnesium hydroxides and sulphates, used as an antacid potassium perchlorate|peroidin 4699 albiglutide A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, with antihyperglycemic activity. Albiglutide is composed of a GLP-1 (7-36) dimer fused to recombinant human albumin. Upon subcutaneous administration, this agent has a half-life of 4-7 days and resists degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). potassium permanganate 470 arsenic trioxide Arsenic trioxide causes morphological changes and DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis in NB4 human promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Arsenic trioxide also causes damage or degradation of the fusion protein promyelocytic leukemia (PML)­ retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha. camphor|alphanon|borneo camphor|DL-Camphor|root bark oil|2-Bornanone|2-Camphanone|camphor (synthetic)|camphor (natural)|camphor, (synthetic)|camphor, (+/-)-|camphora 4700 follitropin A protein extract of human menopausal urine in which LUTEINIZING HORMONE has been partially or completely removed. Urofollitropin represents FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE from the urine. pyrethrins|pyrethrum oleo resin|pyrethrum extract|pyrethrum|pyrellin 4701 lutropin alfa 4702 thyrotropin alfa A highly purified recombinant glycoprotein form of human THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, produced by recombinant DNA technology comprising two non-covalently linked subunits, an alpha subunit of 92 amino acid residues containing two N-linked glycosylation sites, and a beta subunit of 118 residues containing one N-linked glycosylation site. The amino acid sequence of thyrotropin alfa is identical to that of human pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone. s-atenolol|(-)-Atenolol|(S)-Atenolol|esatenolol 4703 corticotropin A hormone made in the pituitary gland. ACTH acts on the outer part of the adrenal gland to control its release of corticosteroid hormones. More ACTH is made during times of stress. satraplatin|JM216|BMS 182751|BMY 45594 4704 imiglucerase A glycosidase that hydrolyzes a glucosylceramide to yield free ceramide plus glucose. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to abnormally high concentrations of glucosylceramide in the brain in GAUCHER DISEASE. EC 3.2.1.45. semustine|methyl lomustine|Methyl-CCNU 4706 tocilizumab A humanised anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody. Its potential to combat cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in patients with severely ill COVID-19 was investigated. Accordingly, it is recommended to use tocilizumabin combination with dexamethasone (or another corticosteroid at an equivalent dose) in certain hospitalized patients who are exhibiting rapid respiratory decompensation caused by COVID-19. sodium aurothiomalate|aurolate|aurothiomalate sodium|gold sodium thiomalate|sodium aurithiomalate|myochrysine 4707 secukinumab Secukinumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the interleukin-17A (IL-17A) cytokine and inhibits its interaction with the IL-17 receptor. IL-17A is a naturally occurring cytokine that is involved in normal inflammatory and immune responses. Secukinumab inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. sodium aurotiosulfate|thiochrysine|aurothiosulfate 4708 palivizumab A humanized monoclonal antibody and ANTIVIRAL AGENT that is used to prevent RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS in high risk pediatric patients. sodium edetate 4709 parathyroid hormone A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates. sodium feredetate|ferric sodium edetate|ferrostrane|ferrostrene|ferric sodium EDTA 471 nitrofurazone A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS. camostat monomethanesulfonate|camostat|camostat mesilate|camostat mesylate 4710 alectinib Alectinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets ALK and RET. In nonclinical studies, alectinib inhibited ALK phosphorylation and ALK-mediated activation of the downstream signaling proteins STAT3 and AKT, and decreased tumor cell viability in multiple cell lines harboring ALK fusions, amplifications, or activating mutations. The major active metabolite of alectinib, M4, showed similar in vitro potency and activity. somatorelin 4711 ripasudil Rho-associated kinase inhibitor for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension spiramycin|espiramicin|foromacidin|provamycin|rovamicina|rovamycin|rovamycine|selectomycin|sequamycin|spiramycins|stomamycin 4712 vaniprevir inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease stibofen|stibophen|fuadin 4713 basiliximab Basiliximab functions as an IL-2 receptor antagonist by binding with high affinity to the alpha chain of the high affinity IL-2 receptor complex and inhibiting IL-2 binding. Basiliximab is specifically targeted against IL-2Ralpha, which is selectively expressed on the surface of activated T-lymphocytes. This specific high affinity binding of basiliximab to IL-2Ralpha competitively inhibits IL-2-mediated activation of lymphocytes, a critical pathway in the cellular immune response involved in allograft rejection. tasocitinib|xeljanz|CP 690550|tofacitinib citrate|tofacitinib|CP-690550 4714 palbociclib Palbociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6. Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 are downstream of signaling pathways which lead to cellular proliferation. In vitro, palbociclib reduced cellular proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines by blocking progression of the cell from G1 into S phase of the cell cycle. Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with the combination of palbociclib and antiestrogens leads to decreased retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation resulting in reduced E2F expression and signaling, and increased growth arrest compared to treatment with each drug alone. In vitro treatment of ER-positive breast cancer cell lines with the combination of palbociclib and antiestrogens led to increased cell senescence compared to each drug alone, which was sustained for up to 6 days following palbociclib removal and was greater if antiestrogen treatment was continued. In vivo studies using a patient-derived ER-positive breast cancer xenograft model demonstrated that the combination of palbociclib and letrozole increased the inhibition of Rb phosphorylation, downstream signaling, and tumor growth compared to each drug alone. strontium ranelate|osseor|bivalos|distrontium renelate|protelos 4715 lenvatinib a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR1 (FLT1), VEGFR2 (KDR), and VEGFR3 (FLT4) cabozantinib malate|cabozantinib (S)-malate|cabozantinib|cometriq|XL184|cabozantinib S-malate|cabometyx 4716 arformoterol the (R,R)-enantiomer of formoterol, is a selective long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist (beta2-agonist) that has two-fold greater potency than racemic formoterol ponatinib|iclusig|AP24534|ponatinib hydrochloride|ponatinib HCl 4717 tenofovir alafenamide a phosphonoamidate prodrug of tenofovir (2'deoxyadenosine monophosphate analog). Plasma exposure to tenofovir alafenamide allows for permeation into cells and then tenofovir alafenamide is intracellularly converted to tenofovir through hydrolysis by cathepsin A. Tenofovir is subsequently phosphorylated by cellular kinases to the active metabolite tenofovir diphosphate. Tenofovir diphosphate inhibits HIV replication through incorporation into viral DNA by the HIV reverse transcriptase, which results in DNA chain-termination benzylpenicilloyl polylysine 4718 pancreozymin A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. revestive|teduglutide|gattex|ALX-0600|teduglutide recombinant 4719 avibactam a non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor that inactivates some beta-lactamases and protects ceftazidime from degradation by certain beta-lactamases daunorubicinol|daunomycinol|dihydrodaunomycin|duborimycin|Leukaemomycin D|daunorubicinol hydrochloride 472 mimosine 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca. camylofin|camylofine|camylofine chlorhydrate|acamylophenine|acamylophenine hydrochloride|camylofin hydrochloride|camylofin dihydrochloride 4720 isavuconazonium prodrug of BAL4815 4721 dinutuximab a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against disialoganglioside (GD2); used for treatment of refractory neuroblastoma & osteosarcoma lomitapide|juxtapid|BMS-201038|lomitapide mesylate|lojuxta|lomitapide mesilate|BMS201038|BMS 201038 4722 belimumab monoclonal antibody directed against human BLyS protein (B lymphocyte stimulator) for treatment of autoimmune diseases streptoduocin 4723 abciximab A Fab fragment of the chimeric monoclonal antibody 7E3 that binds to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor of human platelets, and blocks PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX, potently inhibiting PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used in treatment of refractory unstable angina, and for prevention of ischemic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary procedures such as ANGIOPLASTY; ATHERECTOMY; or stenting. succinimide|butanimide|succinic acid imide|succinic imide 4724 ofatumumab Ofatumumab is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG1) that binds specifically to a distinct epitope encompassing both the small and large extracellular loops of the CD20 molecule. The CD20 molecule is a transmembrane phosphoprotein expressed on B lymphocytes from the pre-B to mature B lymphocyte stage and on B cell tumours. The binding of ofatumumab to the membrane-proximal epitope of the CD20 molecule induces recruitment and activation of the complement pathway at the cell surface, leading to complement dependent cytotoxicity and resultant lysis of tumour cells. Ofatumumab has been shown to induce appreciable lysis of cells with high expression levels of complement defence molecules. sulfatolamide|aseptorid|marbadal|mirbedal|sulphatolamide 4725 canakinumab a human anti-interleukin-1beta monoclonal antibody for treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome sulglicotide|sulglycotide 4726 daclizumab An anti-TAC (INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT) humanized monoclonal antibody (immunoglobulin G1 disulfide with human-mouse monoclonal clone 1H4 light chain, dimer) that is used in the treatment of ACUTE RELAPSING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. sulodexide 4727 cetuximab A chimeric monoclonal antibody that functions as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT through its binding to the EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR, where it prevents the binding and signaling action of cell growth and survival factors. tacalcitol 4728 panitumumab Recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits the function of the EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer that expresses wild-type ras gene (see GENES, RAS). tenidap sodium|tenidap 4729 bevacizumab An anti-VEGF humanized murine monoclonal antibody. It inhibits VEGF RECEPTORS and helps to prevent PATHOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. tetragalacturonic acid hydroxymethylester 473 guaifenesin An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations. 4730 pertuzumab a humanized HER-2 monoclonal antibody; prevents ERBB2 receptor protein from binding (dimerizing) to other receptors in the HER family tetramethrin|phthalthrin 4731 ipilimumab An anti-CTLA-4 ANTIGEN monoclonal antibody initially indicated for the treatment of certain types of metastatic MELANOMA. Its mode of actions may include blocking of CTLA-4 mediated inhibition of CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES, allowing for more efficient destruction of target tumor cells. thiocolchicoside|thiocholshikoside|coltramyl|muscoril 4732 efalizumab a humanized anti-CD11anti-adhesion monoclonal antibody thioctic acid|lipothion|thioctacid|thioctsan|tioctacid|(RS)-Lipoic acid|alpha-lipoic acid|alpha lipoic acid|lipoic acid 4733 insulin degludec insulin degludec is a long-acting basal human insulin analog for subcutaneous injection, differs from human insulin in that the amino acid threonine in position B30 has been omitted and a side-chain consisting of glutamic acid and a C16 fatty acid has been attached thiomersal|ethylmercurithiosalicylate sodium salt|mercurothiolate|merthiolate|merthiolate sodium|sodium merthiolate|thimerosal|thimersalate|thiomersalate 4734 raxibacumab is a human IgG1lambda monoclonal antibody directed against protective antigen, a component of the anthrax toxin. ticlatone|ticlaton|landromil 4735 isoflupredone acetate tidiacic arginine 4736 drofenine trimegestone|trimegeston 4737 brentuximab vedotin a CD30-directed antibody-drug conjugate consisting of three components: the chimeric IgG1 antibody cAC10, specific for human CD30, the microtubule disrupting agent MMAE, and a protease-cleavable linker that covalently attaches MMAE to cAC10 trimethyldiphenylpropylamine 4738 denosumab A humanized monoclonal antibody and an inhibitor of the RANK LIGAND, which regulates OSTEOCLAST differentiation and bone remodeling. It is used as a BONE DENSITY CONSERVATION AGENT in the treatment of OSTEOPOROSIS. tyloxapol|alevaire 4739 ustekinumab A humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-12 and IL-23 and is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of patients with plaque PSORIASIS who have not responded to other therapies. tyrothricin|tirotrisin|tyrothricine|tyrotricin 474 metharbital 4740 golimumab Golimumab plus MTX effectively reduces the signs and symptoms of RA and is generally well tolerated in patients with an inadequate response to MTX. 4741 certolizumab pegol A polyethylene-glycolated Fab' fragment of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR antibody that binds specifically to TNF-ALPHA and neutralises it in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibits the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-ALPHA and IL-1 BETA and is used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS. bedaquiline|sirturo|TMC207|bedaquiline fumarate 4742 eculizumab a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG2/4k antibody produced by murine myeloma cell culture, specifically binds to the complement protein C5 with high affinity, thereby inhibiting its cleavage to C5a and C5b and preventing the generation of the terminal complement complex C5b-9 bleomycin|bleomycins|bleomycin sulfate|bleomycin hydrochloride|bleomycin HCl 4743 natalizumab A humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody to human INTEGRIN ALPHA4 that binds to the alpha4 subunit of INTEGRIN ALPHA4BETA1 and integrin alpha4beta7. It is used as an IMMUNOLOGIC FACTOR in the treatment of RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS and CROHN'S DISEASE. etallobarbital|ethallobarbital|ethallymal|aethallymal 4744 ranibizumab A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody fragment that binds VEGF-A to prevent its binding to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 receptors. This activity reduces vessel permeability and angiogenesis in the treatment of neovascular age-related MACULAR DEGENERATION. crofelemer|fulyzaq 4746 omalizumab An anti-IgE, recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to the C epsilon3 domain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, the site of high-affinity IgE receptor binding. It inhibits the binding of IgE to MAST CELLS and BASOPHILS to reduce the severity of the allergic response and is used in the management of persistent allergic ASTHMA. pomalyst|actimid|pomalidomide 4747 tucidinostat An orally bioavailable benzamide-type inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoenzymes 1, 2, 3 and 10, with potential antineoplastic activity. Chidamide binds to and inhibits HDACs, leading to an increase of acetylation levels of histone proteins. This agent also inhibits the expression of kinases in the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Ras signaling pathways and may result in cell cycle arrest and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This may inhibit tumor cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells. HDACs, a class of enzymes that deacetylate chromatin histone proteins, are upregulated in many tumor types and play key roles in gene expression. Compared to some other benzamide-type HDAC inhibitors, chidamide is more stable, more resistant to degradation and has a longer half-life. mipomersen|mipomersen sodium|kynamro|ISIS 301012|ISIS-301012 4748 infliximab Infliximab products neutralize the biological activity of TNF-alpha by binding with high affinity to the soluble and transmembrane forms of TNF-alpha and inhibit binding of TNF-alpha with its receptors. Infliximab products do not neutralize TNF-beta (lymphotoxin-alpha), a related cytokine that utilizes the same receptors as TNF-alpha. Biological activities attributed to TNF-alpha include: induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL) 1 and 6, enhancement of leukocyte migration by increasing endothelial layer permeability and expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells and leukocytes, activation of neutrophil and eosinophil functional activity, induction of acute phase reactants and other liver proteins, as well as tissue degrading enzymes produced by synoviocytes and/or chondrocytes. Cells expressing transmembrane TNF-alpha bound by infliximab products can be lysed in vitro or in vivo. Infliximab products inhibit the functional activity of TNF-alpha in a wide variety of in vitro bioassays utilizing human fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neutrophils, B and T-lymphocytes and epithelial cells. The relationship of these biological response markers to the mechanism(s) by which infliximab products exert their clinical effects is unknown. Anti-TNF-alpha antibodies reduce disease activity in the cotton-top tamarin colitis model, and decrease synovitis and joint erosions in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis. Infliximab products prevent disease in transgenic mice that develop polyarthritis as a result of constitutive expression of human TNF-alpha, and when administered after disease onset, allow eroded joints to heal. quifenadine|quifenadine hydrochloride|phencarol|quifenadine HCl 4749 rituximab A murine-derived monoclonal antibody and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that binds specifically to the CD20 ANTIGEN and is used in the treatment of LEUKEMIA; LYMPHOMA and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. osphena|FC-1271a|ospemifene|senshio 475 tacrine A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders. candesartan cilexetil|TCV-116|TCV 116 4750 triamcinolone hexacetonide synthetic glucocorticoid analog used for anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems cetyl alcohol|cetaffine|1-Hexadecanol|cetanol|cetylic alcohol|cetylol|palmitic alcohol|palmityl alcohol 4751 siltuximab a chimeric anti-interleukin-6 antibody for treatment of multiple myeloma and renal cell carcinoma; in phase I and phase II clinical trials. It was investigated for its potential to combat cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in patients with severely ill COVID-19 but the efficacy and safety of siltuximab in the treatment of COVID-19 were not established. fomivirsen sodium|fomivirsen 4752 etanercept A recombinant version of soluble human TNF receptor fused to an IgG FC fragment that binds specifically to TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR and inhibits its binding with endogenous TNF receptors. It prevents the inflammatory effect of TNF and is used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS. levobetaxolol|levobetaxolol hydrochloride|(-)-Betaxolol|betaxon|levobetaxolol HCl 4753 trastuzumab The HER2 (or c-erbB2) proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane receptor protein of 185 kDa, which is structurally related to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Trastuzumab products have been shown, in both in vitro assays and in animals, to inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cells that overexpress HER2. Trastuzumab products are mediators of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In vitro, trastuzumab product-mediated ADCC has been shown to be preferentially exerted on HER2 overexpressing cancer cells compared with cancer cells that do not overexpress HER2. pentetate calcium trisodium|Calcium-DTPA|calcium trisodium pentetate|trisodium calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate 4754 gemtuzumab ozogamicin Immunotoxin that consists of an anti-CD33 (CD33 ANTIGEN) monoclonal antibody conjugated to CALICHEAMICIN. It is used for the treatment of ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. pentetate zinc trisodium|Zinc DTPA|trisodium zinc diethylenetriaminepentaacetate 4755 insulin aspart Insulin that has been modified to contain an ASPARTIC ACID instead of a PROLINE at position 38 of the B-chain. technetium TC-99m tilmanocept|technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept|lymphoseek|technetium (99mTc) tilmanocept 4756 vedolizumab a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the 4beta7 integrin exclusively, and modulates inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract polaprezinc 4757 obinutuzumab anti-CD20 mAb for treating B-cell lymphoid cancers dimethyl fumarate|tecfidera|methyl fumarate|boletic acid dimethyl ester|BG-12 4758 ibritumomab tiuxetan 90Y-labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for radioimmunotherapy for patients with relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma invokana|canagliflozin hemihydrate|canagliflozin anhydrous|canagliflozin|canagliflozin hydrate 4759 insulin detemir A recombinant long-acting insulin and hypoglycemic agent in which a MYRISTIC ACID is conjugated to a LYSINE at position B29. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS. aloglutamol|tromethamol glucaldrate|D-Gluconic acid aluminum complex 476 guaiazulen 4760 pegfilgrastim pegylated (r-G-CSF) conjugated to polyethylene glycol for treatment of neutropenic patients with non-myeloid malignancies who are at high risk for infection aloxiprin 4761 filgrastim A recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that is used in the treatment and prevention of NEUTROPENIA, preparation and collection of blood progenitor cells, and for use in PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION. aluminium acetoacetate 4762 deoxycholic acid A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent. aluminium acetotartrate 4763 velaglucerase alfa produced by gene activation technology in a human fibroblast cell line and has the same amino acid sequence as the naturally occurring human enzyme glucocerebrosidase aluminium glycinate|glycinal|dihydroxyaluminum glycinate|doraxamin|alamine 4764 trastuzumab emtansine Immunotoxin that consists of humanized monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody TRASTUZUMAB covalently linked to anti-microtubule agent MAYTANSINOID DM1 for treatment of metastatic breast cancer in patients who previously received trastuzumab and a TAXANES, separately or in combination. aluminium nicotinate|alcotine|aluminate nicotinate|alunitine nicolex|nicalex 4765 lipegfilgrastim A long acting glyco-pegylated recombinant form of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), with hematopoietic activity. Similar to G-CSF, lipegfilgrastim binds to and activates specific cell surface receptors, and stimulates neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, this agent may prevent the duration and incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Compared to filgrastim, lipegfilgrastim has a prolonged plasma half-life. 4766 merethoxylline procaine 4767 vonoprazan Vonoprazan is a potassium-competitive proton pump blocker which was approved in Japan for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer. FDA approved a co-packaged combination of vonoprazan and antibiotics (amoxicillin and clarithromycin) to eradicate Helicobacter pyroli. Its potential to combat cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in patients with severely ill COVID-19 was investigated. Accordingly, it is recommended to use tocilizumabin combination with dexamethasone (or another corticosteroid at an equivalent dose) in certain hospitalized patients who are exhibiting rapid respiratory decompensation caused by COVID-19. aurotioprol|allochrysine|aurothiopropanol|aurothiopropanol sodium sulfonate 4768 rasburicase a recombinant form of enzyme that degrades uric acid to allantoin just downstream of xanthine oxidase; used to treat hyperuricaemia biphenylol|2-Biphenylol|preventol 4769 epoetin alfa Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. dimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine 477 guanethidine An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues. potassium canrenoate|aldadiene kalium|aldadiene potassium|canrenoate potassium|canrenoate|kanrenol|canrenoic acid|canrenoic acid potassium|canrenoic acid potassium salt 4770 romiplostim Romiplostim, a member of the TPO mimetic class, is an Fc-peptide fusion protein (peptibody) that activates intracellular transcriptional pathways leading to increased platelet production via the TPO receptor (also known as cMpl). The peptibody molecule contains two identical single-chain subunits, each consisting of human immunoglobulin IgG1 Fc domain, covalently linked at the C-terminus to a peptide containing two thrombopoietin receptor-binding domains. Romiplostim has no amino acid sequence homology to endogenous TPO. Romiplostim is produced by recombinant DNA technology in Escherichia coli. dimethylcarbate|dimethyl carbate|dimalone 4771 laronidase Laronidase is a polymorphic variant of the human enzyme alpha‑l‑iduronidase that is produced by recombinant DNA technology which catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal alpha-l-iduronic acid residues of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. Reduced or absent alpha-L-iduronidase activity results in the accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) substrates, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate, throughout the body and leads to widespread cellular, tissue, and organ dysfunction. dimethylphthalate|dimethyl phthalate 4772 aluminum acetate astringent for temporary relief of minor skin irritations dipiperonylaminoethanol|2-Dipiperonylaminoethanol 4773 elosulfase alfa BMN-100 and BMN 110 are recombinant GALNS; RefSeq NM_000512 ethyl hydroxybenzoate|ethylparaben|ethyl parasept|mycocten 4775 evolocumab Evolocumab is a human monoclonal IgG2 directed against human proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9). Evolocumab binds to PCSK9 and inhibits circulating PCSK9 from binding to the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR), preventing PCSK9-mediated LDLR degradation and permitting LDLR to recycle back to the liver cell surface. By inhibiting the binding of PCSK9 to LDLR, evolocumab increases the number of LDLRs available to clear LDL from the blood, thereby lowering LDL-C levels. fluoromethylcholine (18F)|[18F]-Choline 4776 eluxadoline Eluxadoline is a mu-opioid receptor agonist; eluxadoline is also a delta opioid receptor antagonist and a kappa opioid receptor agonist. The binding affinities (Ki) of eluxadoline for the human mu and delta opioid receptors are 1.8 nM and 430 nM, respectively. The binding affinity (Ki) of eluxadoline for the human kappa opioid receptor has not been determined; however, the Ki for guinea pig cerebellum kappa opioid receptor is 55 nM. In animals, eluxadoline interacts with opioid receptors in the gut. mepartricin|methylpartricin 4777 insulin lispro Insulin that has been modified so that the B-chain contains a LYSINE at position 28 instead of a PROLINE and a PROLINE at position 29 instead of a LYSINE. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES. sodium perborate|sodium perborate monohydrate 4778 insulin human Insulin (51 aa, ~6 kDa) is encoded by the human INS gene. This protein is involved in the direct regulation of glucose metabolism. deforolimus|ridaforolimus|AP23573|MK-8669|jenzyl 478 oxophenarsine obsolete toxic arsenical for treatment of syphilis; useful against some neoplasms; major descriptor (64-83); on-line search ARSENICALS (64-83); Index Medicus search OXOPHENARSINE (64-83); structure; RN given refers to parent cpd canrenone|aldadiene|phanurane 4780 ocriplasmin consists or two polypeptide chains connected by disulfide bonds; one chain is the B chain of plasmin consisting of 230 amino acids, the other peptide is the COOH-terminal portion of the A chain of plasmin consisting of 31 amino acid residues; MW 28.635kDa sodium tartrate|disodium L-tartrate|disodium tartrate|sodium tartrate dihydrate|anhydrous sodium tartrate 4784 mirodenafil phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor sodium chlorite|dioxychlor|textone 4785 cangrelor Cangrelor is a direct P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor that blocks ADP-induced platelet activation and aggregation. Cangrelor binds selectively and reversibly to the P2Y12 receptor to prevent further signaling and platelet activation. sinecatechins|kunecatechins 4786 epoetin theta mercuric amidochloride|aminomercuric chloride|ammoniated mercury|mercuric ammonium chloride 4787 sonidegib specific Smoothened/Smo antagonist mercuric chloride|mercuric bichloride|mercury dichloride 4788 mecasermin Recombinant form of endogenous Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 exhibiting mitogenic activity. Clinical Use: Diabetes Mellitus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. mercurodibromofluorescein|mercurochrome|merbromin|mercuranine|mercuresceine|mercurichrome|mercurocol 4789 lumacaftor Lumacaftor improves the conformational stability of F508del-CFTR, resulting in increased processing and trafficking of mature protein to the cell surface. mercuric iodide|diiodomercury|mercuric diiodide 479 clavulanic acid A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase. 4790 aldesleukin a recombinant human IL-2, marketed for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma; BAY 50-4798 is a variant sodium hypochlorite|sodium hypochloride|sodium oxychloride 4791 sacubitril inhibits neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase; NEP) via LBQ657, the active metabolite and leads to increased levels of peptides that are degraded by neprilysin such as natriuretic peptides. It has been approved in combination with valsartan (under the name ENTRESTO) for the treatment of heart failure. 4792 trelagliptin Trelagliptin is an orally active dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor developed by Takeda and approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 4793 brexpiprazole an atypical antipsychotic the efficacy of brexpiprazole may be mediated through a combination of partial agonist activity at serotonin 5-HT1A and dopamine D2 receptors, and antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors cannabinoids|GW-1000|nabiximols|nabidiolex|sativex|tetranabinex 4794 pegvisomant is a genetically engineered analogue of human growth hormone that functions as a growth hormone-receptor antagonist; used to treat Acromegaly gramicidin|gramicidins|gramoderm|gramicidin D|gramicidine|gramicidin Dubos 4795 alirocumab antibody to PCSK9 to manage LDL cholesterol sodium borate|borax|sodium tetraborate 4796 anakinra A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of INFLAMMATION and FEVER. Several isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA. As IL-1 levels are elevated in patients with COVID-19, anakinra is currently being investigated for its potential to combat cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in patients with severely ill COVID-19. sodium propionate hydrate|sodium propionate|sodium propanoate 4797 agalsidase beta recombinant protein for treatment of Fabry disease Nitrous acid, sodium salt|sodium nitrite|nitrite sodium 4798 turoctocog alfa a recombinant coagulation factor VIII for prevention and treatment of bleeding in haemophilia A 4799 olanexidine Olanexidine is a monobiguanide compound with bactericidal activity. GW642444X|vilanterol|Breo Ellipta|vilanterol trifenatate|GW642444M 48 amyl nitrite A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac. G 23350|G-23350|sintrom|acenocoumarin|nicoumalone|acenocoumarol 480 diethylcarbamazine An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa. capecitabine|capecitibine|capecytabine|capiibine|captabin|xeloda 4801 agalsidase alfa genetically engineered, glycosylated human alpha-galactosidase isoenzyme A used in treatment of Fabry disease GSK2118436B|dabrafenib mesylate|tafinlar|dabrafenib|GSK2118436|dabrafenib mesilate 4802 flibanserin a serotonin receptor modulator with high affinity for the following serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-T) receptors: agonist activity at 5-HT1A and antagonist activity at 5-HT2A. Flibanserin also has moderate antagonist activities at the 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, and dopamine D4 receptors, used in the treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder GSK1120212B|trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide|trametinib|GSK1120212|mekinist 4804 dibotermin alfa a member of the TGF-beta superfamily and closely related to the osteogenic/bone morphogenetic proteins QMS40680K6|palifermin|kepivance|24-163 fibroblast growth factor 7 (human)|24-163-Keratinocyte growth factor (human) 4805 sargramostim a glycosylated form of recombinant GM-CSF; used to treat drug-induced agranulocytosis; amino acid sequence known dolutegravir sodium|tivicay|dolutegravir|GSK 1349572|S-349572 4806 oprelvekin Oprelvekin is a recombinant human Interleukin-11. Interleukin eleven (IL-11) is a thrombopoietic growth factor that directly stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production. vortioxetine-DL-lactate|vortioxetine DL-lactate|brintellix|Lu AA21004|vortioxetine|vortioxetine hydrobromide 4807 rolapitant An orally bioavailable, centrally-acting, selective, neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor) antagonist with potential antiemetic activity. Upon oral administration, rolapitant competitively binds to and blocks the activity of the NK1-receptor in the central nervous system, thereby inhibiting the binding of the endogenous ligand, substance P (SP). This may prevent both SP-induced emesis and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The interaction of SP with the NK1-receptor plays a key role in the induction of nausea and vomiting caused by emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Compared to other NK1-receptor antagonists, rolapitant has both a more rapid onset of action and a much longer half-life. adempas|BAY 63-2521|riociguat 4808 sebelipase alfa a recombinant form of human lysosomal acid lipase (rhLAL) ipidacrine hydrochloride hydrate|CV71VTP0VN|ipidacrine|neuromidine|ipidacrine hydrochloride|NIK-247|amiridine|ipidacrine HCl 4809 uridine triacetate Uridine triacetate is an acetylated form of uridine. Following oral administration, uridine triacetate is deacetylated by nonspecific esterases present throughout the body, yielding uridine in the systemic circulation of patients with hereditary orotic aciduria who cannot synthesize adequate quantities of uridine due to a genetic defect in uridine nucleotide synthesis. opsumit|ACT-064992|macitentan 481 cevimeline Cevimeline is a cholinergic agonist which binds to muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic agonists in sufficient dosage can increase secretion of exocrine glands, such as salivary and sweat glands and increase tone of the smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. capobenic acid|capobenate sodium 4810 alglucosidase alfa Defects in the gene for this protein cause glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe disease, RefSeq NM_000152 imbruvica|PCI-32765|CRA-032765|PCI-32765-00|ibrutinib 4811 mogamulizumab a defucosylated humanized anti-CCR4 antibody under phase I clinical trials (2010) sofosbuvir|sovaldi|PSI-7977 4812 menadiol sodium diphosphate olysio|TMC-435|TMC435350|simeprevir|simeprevir sodium 4813 hyaluronidase An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. luliconazole|luzu|NND-502|PR-2699|lulicon 4814 protamine sulfate A group of simple proteins that yield basic amino acids on hydrolysis and that occur combined with nucleic acid in the sperm of fish. Protamines contain very few kinds of amino acids. Protamine sulfate combines with heparin to form a stable inactive complex; it is used to neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin in the treatment of heparin overdose. (From Merck Index, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p692) olodaterol|olodaterol hydrochloride|BI 1744 CL|striverdi respimat|olodaterol HCl|BI 1744|BI-1744 4815 ergoloid mesylates A mixture of the mesylates (methane sulfonates) of DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and the alpha- and beta-isomers of DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. The substance produces a generalized peripheral vasodilation and a fall in arterial pressure and has been used to treat symptoms of mild to moderate impairment of mental function in the elderly. adlyxin|AVE-0010|lixisenatide|lyxumia|AVE0010 4816 sodium phosphate (32P) incruse|umeclidinium|GSK573719A|umeclidinium bromide 4817 cariprazine The efficacy of cariprazine could be mediated through a combination of partial agonist activity at central dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. aemcolo|rifacin|rifamycin|rifamycin sodium|CB-01-11|Rifamycin SV 4818 sodium iodide (131I) florbetaben F18|neuraceq|florbetaben (18F)|florbetaben F-18 4819 tannic acid deltyba|OPC-67683|delamanid 482 octamylamine 4820 chymotrypsin A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. tasimelteon|hetlioz|VEC-162|BMS-214778 4821 technetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan a Fab fragment of the murine pancarcinoma antibody NR-LU-10 labeled with Tc-99m; used as a diagnostic imaging agent in staging patients with lung cancer seractide|seractide acetate|seractide acetate hydrate|acthar gel-synthetic 4822 somatrem was MH (1997-2002), demoted; an analog of the synthetic human growth hormone (human somatropin) in which a methionyl amino-acid residue is added. It may be produced in bacteria from recombinant DNA. It is used in therapy for growth hormone deficiency. Do not confuse somatrem with sometribove (methionyl bovine somatotropin). laninamivir octanoate hydrate|laninamivir octanoate|CS-8958|inavir 4823 sacrosidase A glycoside hydrolase found primarily in PLANTS and YEASTS. It has specificity for beta-D-fructofuranosides such as SUCROSE. rapivab|peramivir hydrate|RWJ-270201|peramivir|BCX-1812|rapiacta 4824 reteplase mutant form of tissue plasminogen activator used in treatment of myocardial infarct etilefrine pivalate hydrochloride|etilefrine pivalate|etilefrine pivalate HCl 4825 alfadolone acetate a neuroactive steroid and general anesthetic nerventra|laquinimod|laquinimod sodium|ABR-215062 sodium|TV-5600 4826 cobimetinib Cobimetinib is a reversible inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2. MEK proteins are upstream regulators of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway, which promotes cellular proliferation. BRAF V600E and K mutations result in constitutive activation of the BRAF pathway which includes MEK1 and MEK2. In mice implanted with tumor cell lines expressing BRAF V600E, cobimetinib inhibited tumor cell growth. metreleptin|myalept|r-metHuLeptin|methionyl human leptin 4827 saroglitazar a PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonist iodohippurate sodium I125|Hippuran-125|Hippuran I125 4828 pitolisant Pitolisant is a potent, orally active histamine H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonist which, via its blockade of histamine auto-receptors enhances the activity of brain histaminergic neurons, a major arousal system with widespread projections to the whole brain. Pitolisant also modulates various neurotransmitter systems, increasing acetylcholine, noradrenaline and dopamine release in the brain. iodohippurate sodium I131|Hippuran-131|Hippuran I131 4829 asfotase alfa An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1. apremilast|CC-10004|otezla 483 sevoflurane A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION. captodiamine hydrochloride|captodiame|captodiam|captodiamin|captodiamine|captodramin|captodramine|captodiamine HCl 4830 astodrimer microbicide, polyanion-based entry inhibitor, astodrimer is a broad-spectrum dendrimer consisting of a divalent benzhydrylamine core and four layers of lysine branches empagliflozin|BI 10773|jardiance 4831 collagenase purified collagenase clostridium histolyticum, consisting of two microbial collagenases in a defined mass ratio, Collagenase AUX-I and Collagenase AUX-II, which are isolated and purified from the fermentation of Clostridium histolyticum bacteria vintafolide|EC145|vynfinit 4832 aripiprazole lauroxil prodrug of aripiprazole, following intramuscular injection is converted by enzyme-mediated hydrolysis to N-hydroxymethyl aripiprazole which is then hydrolyzed to aripiprazole moventig|naloxegol oxalate|movantik|naloxegol|NKTR-118 4833 amino(diphenylhydantoin) valeric acid gemigliptin|zemiglo|LC15-0444 4834 omarigliptin cerdelga|eliglustat|Genz-99067|eliglustat tartrate|Genz-112638 4835 idarucizumab an anticoagulant reversal agent that targets dabigatran ethacizine|ethacizine hydrochloride|etacizin|ethacizin|ethacizine HCl 4836 patiromer calcium binds potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract to lower serum potassium levels afamelanotide|melanotan I|scenesse 4837 insulin glulisine Insulin glulisine [rDNA origin] is a rapid-acting human insulin analog used to lower blood glucose. Insulin glulisine is produced by recombinant DNA technology utilizing a non-pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli (K12). Insulin glulisine differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position B3 is replaced by lysine and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by glutamic acid. calcium silicate 4838 ozenoxacin Ozenoxacin is a quinolone antimicrobial drug. The mechanism of action involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA replication enzymes, DNA gyrase A and topoisomerase IV. Ozenoxacin has been shown to be bactericidal against S. aureus and S. pyogenes organisms. Ozenoxacin is used as topical treatment for impetigo and other infectious dermatological conditions. antimony pentasulfide|antimony red 4839 lusutrombopag a thrombopoietin receptor agonist aprotinin|trasylol 484 tegafur-uracil captopril|(-)-Captopril|L-Captopril|lopirin|S-Captopril|SQ14225|SQ-14225|SQ 14225 4840 esflurbiprofen tinzaparin|ardeparin sodium|dalteparin sodium|tinzaparin sodium|bemiparin|bemiparin sodium 4841 mepolizumab Mepolizumab is an interleukin-5 antagonist (IgG1 kappa). IL-5 is the major cytokine responsible for the growth and differentiation, recruitment, activation, and survival of eosinophils. Mepolizumab binds to IL-5 with a dissociation constant of 100 pM, inhibiting the bioactivity of IL-5 by blocking its binding to the alpha chain of the IL-5 receptor complex expressed on the eosinophil cell surface. bismuth subnitrate 4842 osimertinib Osimertinib is a kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which binds irreversibly to certain mutant forms of EGFR (T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletion) at approximately 9-fold lower concentrations than wild-type. In cultured cells and animal tumor implantation models, osimertinib exhibited anti-tumor activity against NSCLC lines harboring EGFR-mutations (T790M/L858R, L858R, T790M/exon 19 deletion, and exon 19 deletion) and, to a lesser extent, wild-type EGFR amplifications. calcium glubionate|Neo-Calglucon|calcium glubionate monohydrate 4843 daratumumab Daratumumab is an IgG1k human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to CD38 and inhibits the growth of CD38 expressing tumor cells by inducing apoptosis directly through Fc mediated cross linking as well as by immune-mediated tumor cell lysis through complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). calcium lactate gluconate|calcium gluconolactate 4844 climbazole Climbazole is a conazole fungicide. It is also use in shampoo and cleaner as an anti-dandruff agents and anti-bacteria agent. calcium levulinate|calcium laevulate 4845 trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate chromium (51Cr) edetate|chromium Cr 51 edetate|chromium [51Cr] edetate injection 4846 tenecteplase A tissue plasminogen activator enzyme that acts as a fibrinolytic agent; it is used for the dissolution of blood clots, such as those that occur in acute MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. ecallantide|DX-88|kalbitor 4847 ixazomib an oral proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708 cyanocobalamin Co-57|cyanocobalamin (57Co)|cobalt (57Co) cyanocobalamine|cyanocobalamin Co 57 4848 brivaracetam Brivaracetam displays a high and selective affinity for synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in the brain, which may contribute to the anticonvulsant effect. somatropin|somatropine|human growth hormone|somatotropin (human)|omnitrope|somatropin recombinant|somatropin [rDNA origin] 4849 susoctocog alfa a recombinant B-domain deleted porcine sequence Factor VIII, binds to von Willebrand factor glycobiarsol|bismuth glycollylarsanilate|milibis 485 monobenzone capuride|capurid|pacinox 4850 asparaginase A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1. 4851 necitumumab a fully human antibody that has similar antitumor potency as the chimeric cetuximab/Erbitux and might represent a safer therapeutic alternative in EGF receptor inhibition colestilan|colestimide|colestilan chloride|MCI-196 4852 elotuzumab a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets glycoproteins expressed on myeloma cells colextran|dextran 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ether|colextran hydrochloride|colextran HCl 4853 pentapiperium metilsulfate cridanimod|neovir|sodium cridanimod|oxodihydroacridinylacetate sodium 4854 policosanol aliphatic primary fatty alcohols 24-34 carbons long extracted from sugarcane (SACCHARUM) and SORGHUM, including 1-octacosanol (C28, 63%), 1-triacontanol (C30, 12.6%), hexacosanol (6.2%), 1-tetracosanol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-nonacosanol, 1-dotriacontanol, 1-tetratriacontanol crilanomer|clinagel potassium salt|clinagel sodium|clinagel sodium salt 4855 lesinurad Lesinurad reduces serum uric acid levels by inhibiting the function of transporter proteins involved in uric acid reabsorption in the kidney. Lesinurad inhibited the function of two apical transporters responsible for uric acid reabsorption, uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4), with IC50 values of 7.3 and 3.7 μM, respectively. URAT1 is responsible for the majority of the reabsorption of filtered uric acid from the renal tubular lumen. OAT4 is a uric acid transporter associated with diuretic-induced hyperuricemia. estrogen conjugated|estrogenic substances, conjugated|oestrogens conjugated|conjugated estrogens|premarin|estrogens, conjugated|estrogens conjugated|conjugated oestrogens 4856 ferric maltol potential use as an oral therapy for iron deficiency anemia rexolate|thiosalicylic acid|sodium thiosalicylate 4857 selexipag an oral prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) agonist that is structurally distinct from prostacyclin, indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, selexipag is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase 1 to yield its active metabolite, which is approximately 37-fold as potent as selexipag, selexipag and the active metabolite are selective for the IP receptor versus other prostanoid receptors (EP1-4, DP, FP and TP) estrone sulphate|estrone sodium sulfate|estropipate|piperazine estrone sulfate|sodium estrone sulfate 4858 lobeglitazone putative antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes corticorelin|corticotropin-releasing factor (human)|corticorelin human|corticorelin acetate 4859 nemonoxacin has antibacterial activity creosote|creosote carbonate|beechwood creosote 4860 elbasvir inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus radiogardase|ferric ferrocyanide|prussian blue|prussian blue insoluble 4861 grazoprevir has antiviral activity mebicar|mebikar|adaptol 4862 pegaspargase covalent attachment of PEG to enzyme produces active, stable complex; non-immunogenic; used in treatment of leukemia nicotinyl methylamide|nicotinic acid methylamide 4863 ixekizumab A humanized anti-interleukin 17 monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of PSORIASIS. phenibut hydrochloride|phenigamma|phenibut|fenibut|bifren|phenibut HCl|fenibut citrate|phenibut citrate|phenyl-GABA 4864 eftrenonacog alfa consists of factor IX fused to the Fc fragment of human IgG1 levomilnacipran|levomilnacipran hydrochloride|fetzima|levomilnacipran HCl 4867 besilesomab a mouse monoclonal antibody labelled with the radioactive isotope technetium-99m for the detection of septic arthroplasty E3810|dexrabeprazole|dexrabeprazole sodium|dexpure 4868 denileukin diftitox more potent, truncated form of DAB(486)-IL-2; inhibit HIV-1 RNA production in infected cells arbidole|umifenovir|arbidol 4869 alefacept A recombinant human fusion protein of LFA-3 antigen and immunoglobulin IGG1 that binds to CD2 ANTIGENS on memory T-LYMPHOCYTES, preventing their activation and proliferation. It is used in the management of moderate to severe chronic plaque PSORIASIS. furazidin|furagin|furazidine|furamag|furasol|furazidin potassium|solafur 487 tetryzoline used as nasal decongestant; Visine is a form of eye drops; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure carazolol|DL-Carazolol|racemic carazolol 4870 abatacept A fusion protein immunoconjugate of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 and the Fc domain of human IgG1. It functions as a T-cell co-stimulation blocker that inhibits TNF-ALPHA and prevents the activation of T-LYMPHOCYTES. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. SCH-530348|SCH530348|vorapaxar|vorapaxar sulfate|zontivity|SCH 530348 4871 arterolane a trioxolane with antimalarial activity calcium polystyrene sulfonate|calcium polystyrene sulphonate|calcium polystyrenesulfonate|kalimate 4872 belatacept Belatacept, a selective T-cell (lymphocyte) costimulation blocker, binds to CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells thereby blocking CD28 mediated costimulation of T lymphocytes. In vitro, belatacept inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation and the production of the cytokines interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, and TNF-alfa. Activated T lymphocytes are the predominant mediators of immunologic rejection ataluren|translarna|PTC124 4873 defibrotide Single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide extracted from mammalian organs and used in the treatment of HEPATIC VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE in patients with kidney or lung abnormalities following HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION. The compound is a sodium salt. tedizolid phosphate|sivextro|torezolid phosphate|TR-701 4874 reslizumab Reslizumab is an interleukin-5 antagonist (IgG4, kappa). IL-5 is the major cytokine responsible for the growth and differentiation, recruitment, activation, and survival of eosinophils. Reslizumab binds to IL-5 with a dissociation constant of 81 pM, inhibiting the bioactivity of IL-5 by blocking its binding to the alpha chain of the IL-5 receptor complex expressed on the eosinophil surface. Inflammation is an important component in the pathogenesis of asthma. Multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) and mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, cytokines) are involved in inflammation. Reslizumab, by inhibiting IL-5 signaling, reduces the production and survival of eosinophils; however, the mechanism of reslizumab action in asthma has not been definitively established. efinaconazole|jublia|KP-103 4875 obiltoxaximab A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes toxins produced by BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It is used to treat inhalational ANTHRAX. daclatasvir|daclatasvir dihydrochloride|daclatasvir hydrochloride|daklinza|BMS-790052-05|BMS-790052|daclatasvir HCl|daclatasivr 4876 thallous chloride Tl-201 non-pyrogenic diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for intravenous administration belinostat|beleodaq|PXD101 4877 technetium Tc-99M pentetate used to perform kidney imaging, brain imaging, to assess renal perfusion, and to estimate glomerular filtration rate AN-2690|AN 2690|tavaborole|kerydin|AN2690 4879 mepiprazole psychotropic agent; tranquilizer in schizophrenia; possible chronobiotic agent for therapy in circadian rhythm desynchronization; RN given refers to parent cpd; RN for EMD 16923 with MF unknown: 52499-69-1 thorinane|enoxaparin sodium|enoxaparin|lovenox|enoxaparine 488 medetomidine An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE. carbachol|carbastat|carboptic|isopto carbachol|miostat 4880 lorpiprazole glatiramer acetate|copaxone|protiramer 4881 octocog alfa Octocog alfa (human coagulation factor VIII), is a substance that helps the blood to clot. Patients with haemophilia A lack factor VIII, and this causes blood clotting problems, such as bleeding in the joints, muscles or internal organs. Advate is used to correct the factor VIII deficiency by replacing the missing factor VIII, giving temporary control of the bleeding disorder. Octocog alfa is made by a method known as ‘recombinant DNA technology’, it is made by cells into which a gene (DNA) has been introduced that makes them able to produce it. MK 4305|suvorexant|belsomra|MK-4305 4883 voacamine simetride 4884 galsulfase a recombinant form of N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase calfactant|infasurf 4885 sutilains used in treatment of burns; derived from filtration of cultures of a strain of Bacillus subtilis dulaglutide|trulicity|LY2189265 4887 acrisorcin A topical anti-fungal agent. Acrisorcin is comprised of two active ingredients, 9-aminoacridine and 4-hexylresorcinol, but its clinical use has been discontinued. favipiravir|avigan|T-705 4888 undecoylium chloride iodine SK-0910|topiroxostat|topiloric|uriadec|FYX-051 4889 rilonacept an anti-arthritis agent derived from IL-1R and IL-1RAcP asunaprevir|BMS-650032|sunvepra 489 dexmedetomidine A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound. carbamazepine|carbamazepen|carbamazepin|carbazepine|carbamazepine dihydrate|carbamazepine hydrate|carbamazepine hydrochloride|carbamazepine sulfate|carbamazepine anhydrous|carbamazepine phosphate|carbamazepine tartrate 4890 sodium chromate (51Cr) ipragliflozin|suglat|ipragliflozin L-proline|ASP1941 4891 nonoxinol Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams. luseogliflozin|lusefi|luseogliflozin hydrate|TS-071 4892 beractant a bovine lung extract that contains mostly phospholipids; modified by the addition of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, palmitic acid, and tripalmitin tofogliflozin|tofogliflozin hydrate|deberza|apleway|CSG452 4893 urokinase A proteolytic enzyme that converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN where the preferential cleavage is between ARGININE and VALINE. It was isolated originally from human URINE, but is found in most tissues of most VERTEBRATES. tipiracil|tipiracil hydrochloride|tipiracil HCl 4894 migalastat Migalastat is a pharmacological chaperone that is designed to selectively and reversibly bind with high affinity to the active sites of certain mutant forms of alpha-Gal A, the genotypes of which are referred to as amenable mutations. Migalastat binding stabilizes these mutant forms of alpha-Gal A in the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitates their proper trafficking to lysosomes where dissociation of migalastat restores alpha-Gal A activity, leading to the catabolism of GL-3 and related substrates. iguratimod|kolbet|careram|T-614 4895 fusafungine antibiotic from Fusarium lateririum; for treatment of respiratory infections teneligliptin|teneligliptin hydrobromide|teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate|tenelia 4896 amfecloral anagliptin HCl|anagliptin|beskoa|anagliptin hydrochloride|suiny 4897 podophyllin A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. edoxaban tosylate|edoxaban|edoxaban tosilate|edoxaban tosilate hydrate|lixiana|DU-176b|savaysa 4898 gallium nitrate Ro 67-3189/000|netupitant 4899 bentoquatam ledipasvir|GS-5885 49 succinic acid A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851) epicophylline|acefylline piperazine|acefylline piperazine salt|acepifylline|aethaphyllinum|piperazine theophylline ethanoate|acephylline|acefylline|carboxymethyltheophylline|theophyllineacetic acid 490 clonitrate 4900 hemin Chloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N(21),N(22),N(23),N(24)) ferrate(2-) dihydrogen. diquafosol|diquafosol sodium|diquafosol tetrasodium|INS365|INS-365|Up4U|KPY 998|DE 089 4901 chromic chloride Trivalent chromium is part of glucose tolerance factor, an activator of insulin-mediated reactions. Chromium helps to maintain normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve function. soliqua|insulin glargine|insulin glargine (genetical recombination)|insulin glargine (rDNA origin)|insulin glargine recombinant|lantus|lantus solostar|toujeo 4902 technetium Tc 99m mebrofenin A radioconjugate composed of the iminodiacetic acid derivative mebrofenin bound to an isotope of the synthetic element technetium (Tc). Upon administration and rapid clearance from the circulation, technetium Tc 99m mebrofenin is secreted into the hepatobiliary system, emitting gamma rays that are detectable with planar scintigraphy or single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). Mebrofenin has no pharmacological effect at the recommended dosage for diagnostic imagining. imidafenacin|uritos|KRP-197|KRP 197 4903 technetium Tc 99m medronate A radiopharmaceutical containing methylene diphosphonate (medronate; MDP) complexed with the gamma-emitting radionuclide technetium Tc 99m with radioisotopic activity and hydroxyapatite affinity. Upon intravenous administration, skeletal uptake of technetium Tc 99m methylene diphosphonate occurs as a function of skeletal blood flow and osteogenic activity. The MDP moiety of this agent has affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals in bone with abnormal accumulation at sites with increased osteoid mineralization; labeling of MDP with Tc 99m allows scintigraphic imaging of areas of abnormal osteogenesis associated with malignant bone lesions. BIBF1120|nibtedanib|nintedanib|nintedanib esylate|intedanib|BIBF 1120|ofev|nintedanib ethanesulfonate|vargatef 4904 sucroferric oxyhydroxide an oral phosphate binder for treatment of hyperphosphatemia yuflym|ADALIMUMAB-ADBM|adalimumab-atto|amjevita|adalimumab|humira|adalimumab (genetical recombination)|LU200134|D2E7 4905 ferric pyrophosphate citrate pegaptanib|pegaptanib sodium|macugen|pegaptanib octasodium|EYE001|NX1838 4906 technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin fimasartan|kanarb|fimasartan potassium|fimasartan potassium hydrate|fimasartan potassium trihydrate|BR-A-657 4907 technetium (99mTc) sestamibi A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack. olaparib|lynparza|AZD2281 4908 hydracarbazine A hydrazinopyridazine-based diuretic with antihypertensive activity. Hydracarbazine is no longer marketed. YM-443|Z-338|acotiamide|acotiamide hydrochloride|acotiamide hydrochloride hydrate|acofide|acotiamide HCl 4909 omega-3-carboxylic acids Fish oil-derived free fatty acids including multiple omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] being the most abundant. The mechanism of action of omega-3-carboxylic acids is not completely understood. Potential mechanisms of action include inhibition of acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase, increased mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation in the liver, decreased lipogenesis in the liver, and increased plasma lipoprotein lipase activity. Omega-3-carboxylic acids may reduce the synthesis of triglycerides in the liver because EPA and DHA are poor substrates for the enzymes responsible for TG synthesis, and EPA and DHA inhibit esterification of other fatty acids. campath|alemtuzumab|lemtrada 491 carbaryl A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries. carbazochrome|adrenochrome monosemicarbazone|adrenostazin|carbazochrom|carbazochrome salicylate 4910 arcitumomab a commercially available IgG(1) antibody against 200-kDa CEA PLV-2|felypressin|octapressin|octopressin|phelypressin 4911 ferric carboxymaltose effective for treatment of postpartum anemia chlormerodrin|promeranum|chlormeroprin|promeran 4912 alglucerase modified form of human placental glucocerebrosidase; oligosaccharide units of glucocerebrosidase are sequentially deglycosylated to yield a mannose-terminated preparation which is targeted to the mannose lectin on the macrophage plasma membrane ombitasvir hydrate|ombitasvir heminonahydrate|ombitasvir|ABT-267 4913 oxiglutatione A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. paritaprevir dihydrate|paritaprevir|veruprevir|ABT-450|paritapravir 4914 chymopapain A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6. dasabuvir sodium monohydrate|dasabuvir|dasabuvir sodium|exviera|ABT-333 4915 sodium carbonate used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure blinatumomab|blincyto|MEDI-538|MT-103 4916 venetoclax Venetoclax is a selective and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. Overexpression of BCL-2 has been demonstrated in CLL cells where it mediates tumor cell survival and has been associated with resistance to chemotherapeutics. Venetoclax helps restore the process of apoptosis by binding directly to the BCL-2 protein, displacing pro-apoptotic proteins like BIM, triggering mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the activation of caspases. In nonclinical studies, venetoclax has demonstrated cytotoxic activity in tumor cells that overexpress BCL-2. aflibercept|eylea|AVE0005|ziv-aflibercept|zaltrap|VEGF Trap 4917 catridecacog ramucirumab|cyramza|IMC-1121B 4918 dornase alfa A recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNAse) with selective DNA cleaving activity. Upon intrapleural administration, dornase alfa catalyzes the degradation of extracellular DNA in airway secretions, which can reduce their viscosity. Thus, dornase alfa may both promote the clearing of airway mucus and improve pulmonary function. idursulfase|iduronate-2-sulfatase|idursulfase (Genetical Recombination)|iduronate sulfatase|elaprase|EC 3.1.6.13 4920 peginterferon beta-1a an interferon beta-1a to which a single, linear 20,000 dalton methoxy poly(ethyleneglycol)-O-2-methylpropionaldehyde molecule is covalently attached to the alpha amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue. A possible role for IFNs in prophylaxis or early treatment of COVID-19 has been suggested to compensate for possibly insufficient endogenous IFN production. However, the efficacy and safety of IFNs for treatment or prevention of COVID-19 were not established. finafloxacin|xtoro|finafloxacin hydrochloride|BAY35-3377|finafloxacin HCl 4921 glucarpidase a recombinant bacterial enzyme that hydrolyzes the carboxylterminal glutamate residue from folic acid and classical antifolates such as methotrexate, provides an alternate non-renal pathway for methotrexate elimination in patients with renal dysfunction during high-dose methotrexate treatment EMD-1195686|safinamide|xadago|EMD 1195686|safinamide mesylate|safinamide mesilate|safinamide methanesulfonate 4922 interferon beta-1a An interferon beta-1 subtype that has a methionine at position 1, a cysteine at position 17, and is glycosylated at position 80. It functions as an ANTI-VIRAL AGENT and IMMUNOMODULATOR and is used to manage the symptoms of RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. A possible role for IFNs in prophylaxis or early treatment of COVID-19 has been suggested to compensate for possibly insufficient endogenous IFN production. However, the efficacy and safety of IFNs for treatment or prevention of COVID-19 were not established. FR-264205|FR 264205|ceftolozane|ceftolozane sulfate|zerbaxa|CXA-101|FR264205 4923 interferon beta-1b A non-glycosylated form of interferon beta-1 that has a serine at position 17. It is used in the treatment of both RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS and CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. A possible role for IFNs in prophylaxis or early treatment of COVID-19 has been suggested to compensate for possibly insufficient endogenous IFN production. However, the efficacy and safety of IFNs for treatment or prevention of COVID-19 were not established. nivolumab|opdivo|MDX-1106|ONO-4538|BMS-936558|nivolumab (genetical recombination) 4924 alteplase A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases. Is currently clinical tested as treatment for COVID-19 patients. pembrolizumab|keytruda|lambrolizumab|SCH-900475|MK-3475|pembrolizumab (genetical recombination) 4925 pimavanserin an atypical antipsychotic, mechanism of action of pimavanserin in the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis is unknown. however, the effect of pimavanserin could be mediated through a combination of inverse agonist and antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and to a lesser extent at serotonin 5-HT2C receptors becaplermin|rhPDGF-BB|RWJ-60235|RWJ 60235|regranex 4926 opicapone a peripheral, selective and reversible catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor endowed with a high binding affinity (sub-picomolar) that translates into a slow complex dissociation rate constant and a long duration of action (>24 hours) in vivo magnesium aluminate hydrate|moalium hydrate|magaldrate|magaldrate hydrate|anhydrous magaldrate|magaldrate anhydrous|aluminum magnesium hydroxide sulfate|riopan|AY-5710|monalium hydrate 4927 gluconolactone albiglutide|tanzeum|GSK-716155|GSK716155|albugon 4928 faropenem medoxil a faropenem prodrug for treating bacterial infections follitropin delta|follitropin alfa|follitropin beta|follitropin alfa/beta|follicle-stimulating hormone|urofollitropin|follitropin|human follicle stimulating hormone|FSH 4929 ferumoxsil a large superparamagnetic iron oxide colloid; a miscible darkening agent; see also the dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxides - ferumoxides and ferumoxtran luteinising hormone|lutropin alfa|luveris|lutropin alfa for injection|lutropina alfa|r-hLH|human LH 493 thiabendazole 2-Substituted benzimidazole first introduced in 1962. It is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for STRONGYLOIDIASIS. It has CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919) carbenoxolone|biogastrone|glycyrrhetinic acid hydrogen succinate|carbenoxolone disodium salt|carbenoxolone disodium|carbenoxolone sodium 4930 UREA C 14 thyrotropin alfa|thyrogen|thyroid stimulating hormone|thyrotropin 4931 poractant alfa Endogenous pulmonary surfactant (isolated from porcine lungs) reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface of the alveoli during ventilation and stabilizes the alveoli against collapse at resting transpulmonary pressures. A deficiency of pulmonary surfactant in preterm infants results in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) characterized by poor lung expansion, inadequate gas exchange, and a gradual collapse of the lungs (atelectasis). corticotropin|ACTH|corticotrophin|adrenocorticotrophic hormone|acthar gel|cortrophin|corticotropin zinc hydroxide|corticotropin-zinc hydroxide|cortrophin-zinc 4933 choriogonadotropin alfa Choriogonadotropin alfa, is an analogue of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and binds to the LH/hCG receptor of the granulosa and theca cells of the ovary to effect these changes in the absence of an endogenous LH surge. In pregnancy, hCG, secreted by the placenta, maintains the viability of the corpus luteum to provide the continued secretion of estrogen and progesterone necessary to support the first trimester of pregnancy. tocilizumab|MRA|RoActemra|actemra|R-1569|tocilizumab (genetical recombination) 4934 chloramphenicol palmitate An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106) secukinumab|cosentyx|AIN-457|AIN457 4935 atezolizumab A monoclonal antibody that targets programmed death-ligand 1 (CD274 ANTIGEN) and is used to treat urothelial carcinoma, the most common type of bladder cancer. palivizumab|synagis|MEDI-493 4936 conestat alfa recombinant human complement component 1 (C1) esterase inhibitor (rhC1INH), is an analogue of human C1INH and is obtained from the milk of rabbits expressing the gene encoding for human C1INH, the amino acid sequence of conestat alfa is identical to that of endogenous C1INH parathyroid hormone|natpara|human parathyroid hormone|human recombinant parathyroid hormone|parathormone|ALX1-11|rhPTH|parathyrin|preotact 4937 fluciclovine (18F) a radiotracer containing a synthetic amino acid analogue of L-leucine radiolabeled with fluorine F 18 with diagnostic imaging use alectinib|alectinib hydrochloride|alecensa|CH5424802|alectinib HCl|RO5424802|RO-5424802 4938 velpatasvir pan-genotypic NS5A inhibitor for the treatment of chronic genotype 1-6 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection ripasudil|ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate|ripasudil hydrochloride|glanatec|glanatec ophthalmic solution|ripasudil HCl 494 indanazoline carbetapentane|carbetapentane citrate|pentoxyverine citrate|pentoxiverine|pentoxyverine 4940 obeticholic acid obeticholic acid is an agonist for FXR, a nuclear receptor expressed in the liver and intestine basiliximab|simulect|chRFT5|SDZ-CHI-621 4941 Gallium Ga 68 dotatate A radioactive diagnostic agent used for POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) imaging of SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR positive neuroendocrine tumors and malignant abdominal paraganglioma. palbociclib|palbociclib isethionate|ibrance|PD-0332991|PD-0332991-0054|PF-00080665-73|PD 0332991 4942 darbepoetin alfa acts exactly like the natural erythropoietin made by the body to stimulate red blood cell production, but it is very slightly different in its structure E-7080|E 7080|lenvatinib|lenvima|ER-203492-00|E7080|lenvatinib mesylate|lenvatinib mesilate 4943 peginterferon alfa-2a interferon alfa‑2a attached to polyethylene glycol arformoterol|arformoterol tartrate|brovana|CGP-25827A 4944 eptacog alfa (activated) Eptacog alfa (activated) is recombinant coagulation factor VIIa (rFVIIa) with a molecular mass of approximately 50,000 Daltons produced in baby hamster kidney cells (BHK Cells) by recombinant DNA technology GS 7340|tenofovir alagenamide|tenofovir alafenamide|tenofovir alafenamide fumarate|GS-7340 4945 epoetin beta A recombinant therapeutic agent that is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous cytokine human erythropoietin (EPO). Produced primarily by cells of the peritubular capillary endothelium of the kidney in response to hypoxia, circulating EPO binds to EPO receptors on the surface of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow resulting in their replication and maturation into functional erythrocytes. pancreozymin|cholecystokinin|CCK|pankreozymin|CCK-PZ|uropancreozymin|cholecystokinin 33|CCK-33 4946 pancrelipase A standardized enzyme concentrate containing the pancreatic enzymes, lipase, protease and amylase used in enzyme substitution therapy. Lipase, protease and amylase break down fat, protein, and starches, respectively in the small intestine, thereby promoting digestion. Pancrelipase is used to reduce malabsorption when the pancreas is unable to secrete sufficient amounts of these enzymes. NXL-104|avibactam|NXL104|AVE1330A|avibactam sodium 4947 nadroparin calcium A low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) composed of a heterogeneous mixture of sulfated polysaccharide glycosaminoglycan chains obtained by depolymerisation of porcine mucosal sodium heparin, extraction/purification and conversion to the calcium salt. Nadroparin binds to antithrombin III (ATIII) and inhibits the activity of activated factor X (factor Xa), thereby inhibiting the final common pathway of the coagulation cascade and preventing the formation of a cross-linked fibrin clot isavuconazonium|isavuconazonium sulfate|isavuconazonium chloride|cresemba|BAL8557-000|BAL8557-002|RO0098557 4948 nonacog alfa Coagulation Factor IX Recombinant Human dinutuximab|unituxin|ch14.18|ch14.18-UTC 4949 peginterferon alfa-2b A covalent conjugate of recombinant interferon alpha, subtype 2b, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), used as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. The biological activity of this agent is derived from its interferon alpha-2b protein moiety. Interferons alfa bind to specific cell-surface receptors, leading to the transcription and translation of genes whose protein products mediate antiviral, antiproliferative, anticancer, and immune-modulating effects. The PEG moiety lowers the clearance of interferon alpha-2b, thereby extending the duration of its therapeutic effects, but may also reduce the interferon-mediated stimulation of an immune response belimumab|benlysta|LymphoStat B|LymphoStat-B 495 spizofurone pabal|carbetocin|depotocin|duratocin 4952 methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta A pegylated form of recombinant human erythropoietin, a glycosylated protein naturally produced in the kidney that stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow. Methoxypolyethylene glycol epoetin beta may reverse anemias induced by cancer therapy canakinumab|ilaris|ACZ885 4953 moroctocog alfa Human coagulation factor VIII produced by recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Moroctocog alfa is a glycoprotein with 1438 amino acids with a sequence that is comparable to the 90 + 80 kDa form of factor VIII (i.e. B-domain deleted) and similar post-translational modifications to those of the plasma-derived molecule zinbryta|daclizumab|zenapax 4954 lenograstim A glycosylated form of a recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to an endogenous human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Produced endogenously by monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, G-CSF binds to and activates specific cell surface receptors, stimulating neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation and selected neutrophil functions. cetuximab|cetuximab (genetical recombination)|erbitux|C-225|IMC-C225 4955 cefathiamidine first generation of cephalosporin antibacterial used for the treatment of respiratory, liver, five senses, urinary tract infections, endocarditis and sepsis panitumumab|vectibix|ABX-EGF 4956 eldecalcitol an analog of vitamin D for the treatment of osteoporosis bevacizumab-awwb|mvasi|bevacizumab|avastin|rhuMAb-VEGF|bevacituzumab|bevacizumab (genetical recombination)|bevacizumab biosimilar 3|bevacizumab biosimilar 4 4957 epoetin zeta a copy of human erythropoietin and works in exactly the same way as the natural hormone to stimulate red blood cell production pertuzumab|perjeta|rhuMAb 2C4|pertuzumab (genetical recombination) 4958 monoxerutin ipilimumab|yervoy|MDX-010|MDX-CTLA-4|ipilimumab (genetical recombination) 4959 etimicin efalizumab|raptiva|hu1124|anti-CD11a|xanelim 496 amezinium metilsulfate carbidopa hydrate|carbidopa|lodosin|(S)-Carbidopa|lodosyn|alpha-Methyldopahydrazine 4960 alipogene tiparvovec gene therapy product, contains the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene variant LPLS447X in a vector comprised of a protein shell derived from adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1), the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, a woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element and AAV2 derived inverted terminal repeats insulin degludec|tresiba|NN1250 4961 vonicog alfa a purified recombinant von Willebrand factor (rVWF) expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, acts to promote hemostasis by mediating platelet adhesion to damaged vascular sub-endothelial matrix and platelet aggregation and as a carrier protein for factor VIII, protecting it from rapid proteolysis raxibacumab|ABthrax 4962 lifitegrast a lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 ( LFA-1) antagonist, blocks the interaction of LFA-1 with its cognate ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction can contribute to the formation of an immunological synapse resulting in T-cell activation and migration to target tissues isoflupredone acetate|deltarhinol|9-fluoroprednisolone acetate|U-6013 4963 eptotermin alfa an osteoinductive initiates bone formation through the induction of cellular differentiation in mesenchymal cells, which are recruited to the implant site from bone marrow periosteum and muscle, used for treatment of non-union of bone fractures drofenine|drofenine hydrochloride|cycloadiphenine|cycloadiphenine hydrochloride|hexahydroadiphenine hydrochloride|hexahydroadiphenine|cyclovegantine|drofenine HCl|cycloadiphenine HCl|hexahydroadiphenine HCl 4964 pegloticase a recombinant uricase and achieves its therapeutic effect by catalyzing the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, thereby lowering serum uric acid brentuximab vedotin|adcetris|SGN-35|cAC10-vcMMAE|brentuximab vedotin (genetical recombination) 4965 muromonab-CD3 a murine monoclonal antibody to the CD3 antigen of human T cells which functions as an immunosuppressant denosumab|prolia|AMG 162|AMG162 4966 efmoroctocog alfa consists of factor VIII fused to the Fc domain of IgG1; for treatment of hemophilia A ustekinumab|stelara|CNTO 1275|CNTO-1275 4967 brodalumab Brodalumab is a human monoclonal IgG2 antibody that selectively binds to human IL-17RA and inhibits its interactions with cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17C, IL-17A/F heterodimer and IL-25. IL-17RA is a protein expressed on the cell surface and is a required component of receptor complexes utilized by multiple IL-17 family cytokines. Blocking IL­17RA inhibits IL-17 cytokine-induced responses including the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. golimumab|simponi|CNTO 148|CNTO-148 4968 talimogene laherparepvec Talimogene laherparepvec is a live, attenuated HSV-1 that has been genetically modified to express huGM-CSF. Talimogene laherparepvec has been genetically modified to replicate within tumors and to produce the immune stimulatory protein GM-CSF and causes lysis of tumors, followed by release of tumor-derived antigens, which together with virally derived GM-CSF may promote an antitumor immune response. certolizumab pegol|cimzia|certolizumab 4969 etelcalcetide Etelcalcetide is a synthetic peptide calcimimetic agent which reduces parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion through binding and activation of the calcium-sensing receptor. The reduction in PTH is associated with a concomitant decrease in serum calcium and phosphate levels. eculizumab|soliris|h5G1.1|h5G1.1VHC+h5G1.1VLC 497 hexamethonium A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool. carbimazole|athyromazole|carbethoxymethimazole|carbimazol|neomercazole 4970 eteplirsen Eteplirsen is designed to bind to exon 51 of dystrophin pre-mRNA, resulting in exclusion of this exon during mRNA processing in patients with genetic mutations that are amenable to exon 51 skipping. Exon skipping is intended to allow for production of an internally truncated dystrophin protein. antegren|natalizumab|tysabri 4971 olaratumab Olaratumab is a human IgG1 antibody that binds platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-alpha). PDGFR-alpha is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on cells of mesenchymal origin. Signaling through this receptor plays a role in cell growth, chemotaxis, and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. The receptor has also been detected on some tumor and stromal cells, including sarcomas, where signaling can contribute to cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment. The interaction between olaratumab and PDGFR-alpha prevents binding of the receptor by the PDGF-AA and -BB ligands as well as PDGF-AA, -BB, and -CC-induced receptor activation and downstream PDGFR-alpha pathway signaling. Olaratumab exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity against selected sarcoma cell lines and disrupted the PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway in in vivo tumor implant models. ranibizumab-nuna|byooviz|ranibizumab|lucentis|ranibizimumab|ranibizumab (genetical recombination) 4972 rubidium Rb-82 chloride Rb-82 is analogous to potassium ion (K+) in its biochemical behavior and is rapidly extracted by the myocardium proportional to the blood flow. Rb+ participates in the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) ion exchange pumps that are present in cell membranes. The intracellular uptake of Rb-82 requires maintenance of ionic gradient across cell membranes. Rb-82 radioactivity is increased in viable myocardium reflecting intracellular retention, while the tracer is cleared rapidly from necrotic or infarcted tissue. omalizumab|xolair|rhuMab-E25|olizumab 4973 gallium (68Ga) edotreotide A radioconjugate consisting of the octreotide derivative edotreotide labeled with gallium 68 (Ga-68) with potential application in somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET). Similar to octreotide, gallium Ga 68-edotreotide binds to SSTRs, especially type 2 receptors, present on the cell membranes of many types of neuroendocrine tumor cells and their metastases, thereby allowing for imaging of SSTR-expressing cells upon PET. Gallium Ga 68-edotreotide is produced by substituting tyrosine for phenylalanine at the 3 position of the somatostatin analogue octreotide (Tyr3-octreotide or TOC) and chelating the substituted octreotide to Ga-68 via the macrocyclic chelating agent dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA). tucidinostat|chidamide|epidaza|C5055|HBI-8000|CS-055|hiyasta|CS055 4976 bezlotoxumab Bezlotoxumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds C. difficile toxin B. Bezlotoxumab inhibits the binding of toxin B and prevents its effects on mammalian cells. Bezlotoxumab does not bind to C. difficile toxin A. triamcinolone hexacetonide|aristospan|hexatrione|CL 34433|CL-34433 4977 ferrous bisglycinate an iron fortificant in bread for iron-deficient school children siltuximab|sylvant|CNTO-328|CNTO 328 4978 radotinib A second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor of Bcr-Abl fusion protein and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, radotinib specifically inhibits the Bcr-Abl fusion protein, an abnormal enzyme expressed in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. In addition, this agent also inhibits PDGFR thereby blocking PDGFR-mediated signal transduction pathways. The inhibitory effect of radotinib on these specific tyrosine kinases may decrease cellular proliferation and inhibit angiogenesis. This agent has shown potent efficacy in CML cells that are resistant to the first-generation standard tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib. etanercept-szzs|erelzi|etanercept|enbrel|TNR 001|TNR-001|etanercept (genetical recombination) 4979 albutrepenonacog alfa derived from recombinant factor IX and recombinant human albumin; used to treat hemophilia B trastuzumab-dkst|ogivri|trastuzumab|herceptin|trastuzumab (genetical recombination) 4980 talc Finely powdered native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is used as a dusting powder, either alone or with starch or boric acid, for medicinal and toilet preparations. It is also an excipient and filler for pills, tablets, and for dusting tablet molds. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) gemtuzumab ozogamicin|mylotarg 4982 insulin pork a neutral, buffered solution of pork insulin vedolizumab|entyvio|MLN0002|MLN02|LDP02 4983 insulin beef gazyva|RO-5072759|RO 5072759|obinutuzumab|huMAB|GA101|gazyvaro 4984 hydrocortisone phosphate ibritumomab tiuxetan (90Y)|ibritumomab tiuxetan|zevalin|IDEC-Y2B8 4985 meglumine 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium. insulin detemir|levemir|insulin detemir recombinant|insulin detemir [rDNA origin]|NN304|NN 304|NN-304 4986 corticorelin ovine used in diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency & Cushing's syndrome; AA sequence given in first source; MF C205-H339-N59-O63-S; RN given refers to triflutate salt; RN for parent cpd not avail 3/94 pegfilgrastim-jmdb|fulphila|pegfilgrastim|neulasta|ristempa|pegfilgrastim (genetical recombination)|g-lasta 4987 chorionic gonadotrophin A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN). nivestim|filgrastim|neupogen|r-metHuG-CSF|filgrastim-sndz|zarxio 4988 mecasermin rinfabate Mecasermin rinfabate [rDNA origin] injection is an aqueous solution for injection containing a binary protein complex of human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) and human insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (rhIGFBP-3), both produced by recombinant DNA technology. The primary pharmacologic effect of IGF-1 in children is the promotion of linear growth. Secondary pharmacologic actions of IGF-1 include other anabolic effects, insulin sensitization, and insulin-like effects. There are no known direct growth-promoting effects of IGFBP-3. The primary effect of IGFBP-3 in the mecasermin rinfabate complex is the modulation of IGF-1 action. choleic acid|deoxycholate|sodium deoxycholate|deoxycholic acid|kybella|ATX-101|dihydroxycholanoic acid|desoxycholic acid 4989 secretin porcine velaglucerase alfa|vpriv|EC 3.2.1.45 499 acetylcarnitine An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS. carbinoxamine tannate|carbinoxamine|carbinoxamine maleate|paracarinoxamine|paracarbinoxamine|carbinoxamine diphenyldisulfonate 4990 taliglucerase alfa Taliglucerase alfa, a long term enzyme replacement therapy, is a recombinant analog of human lysosomal glucocerebrosidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucocerebroside to glucose and ceramide, reducing the amount of accumulated glucocerebroside. Taliglucerase alfa uptake into cellular lysosomes is mediated by binding of Taliglucerase alfa mannose oligosaccharide chains to specific mannose receptors on the cell surface leading to internalization and subsequent transport to the lysosomes. trastuzumab-DM1 conjugate|trastuzumab emtansine|ado-trastuzumab emtansine|kadcyla|PRO132365|trastuzumab-MCC-DM1|T-DM1|huN901-DM1 4991 sodium succinate lipegfilgrastim|lonquex|XM22 4992 crisaborole Crisaborole is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) inhibitor. PDE-4 inhibition results in increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The specific mechanism(s) by which crisaborole exerts its therapeutic action for the treatment of atopic dermatitis is not well defined. merethoxylline procaine|procaine merethoxylline|dicurin procaine 4993 baricitinib Baricitinib is a selective and reversible inhibitor of Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK2. Janus kinases (JAKs) are enzymes that transduce intracellular signals from cell surface receptors for a number of cytokines and growth factors involved in haematopoiesis, inflammation and immune function. Within the intracellular signalling pathway, JAKs phosphorylate and activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which activate gene expression within the cell. Baricitinib modulates these signalling pathways by partially inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2 enzymatic activity, thereby reducing the phosphorylation and activation of STATs. FDA issued an Emergency use authorization (EUA) on November 19, 2020 that permits use of baricitinib in combination with remdesivir for treatment of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in hospitalized patients ≥2 years of age requiring supplemental oxygen, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). vonoprazan|vonoprazan fumarate|takecab|TAK-438 4994 rucaparib Rucaparib is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, including PARP-1, PARP-2, and PARP-3, which play a role in DNA repair. In vitro studies have shown that rucaparib-induced cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity and increased formation of PARP-DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death. Increased rucaparib-induced cytotoxicity was observed in tumor cell lines with deficiencies in BRCA1/2 and other DNA repair genes. Rucaparib has been shown to decrease tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human cancer with or without deficiencies in BRCA. rasburicase|fasturtec|elitek 4995 ferumoxytol Ferumoxytol consists of a superparamagnetic iron oxide that is coated with a carbohydrate shell, which helps to isolate the bioactive iron from plasma components until the iron-carbohydrate complex enters the reticuloendothelial system macrophages of the liver, spleen and bone marrow. The iron is released from the iron-carbohydrate complex within vesicles in the macrophages. Iron then either enters the intracellular storage iron pool (e.g., ferritin) or is transferred to plasma transferrin for transport to erythroid precursor cells for incorporation into hemoglobin. epoetin alfa-epbx|epoetin alfa|epogen|procrit|epoetin alfa (genetical recombination)|erythropoietin 4996 interferon alfa-2b Interferon alfa-2b is an alpha interferon and is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 19,271 daltons produced by recombinant DNA techniques. Interferons exert their cellular activities by binding to specific membrane receptors on the cell surface. Once bound to the cell membrane, interferons initiate a complex sequence of intracellular events. In vitro studies demonstrated that these include the induction of certain enzymes, suppression of cell proliferation, immunomodulating activities such as enhancement of the phagocytic activity of macrophages and augmentation of the specific cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for target cells, and inhibition of virus replication in virus-infected cells. Interferon alfa via inhalation is included in national guidelines from China as a possible option for treatment of COVID-19. romiplostim|nplate|AMG-531|AMG531 4997 pegademase Pegademase bovine is a modified enzyme used for enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) associated with a deficiency of adenosine deaminase. In the absence of the ADA enzyme, the purine substrates adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine accumulate, causing metabolic abnormalities that are directly toxic to lymphocytes. laronidase|aldurazyme|laronidase (genetical recombination) 4998 nusinersen Nusinersen is a modified antisense oligonucleotide, where the 2' hydroxy groups of the ribofuranosyl rings are replaced with 2'-O-2-methoxyethyl groups and the phosphate linkages are replaced with phosphorothioate linkages. Nusinersen binds to a specific sequence in the intron downstream of exon 7 of the SMN2 transcript. Nusinersen is designed to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) caused by mutations in chromosome 5q that lead to SMN protein deficiency. Using in vitro assays and studies in transgenic animal models of SMA, SPINRAZA was shown to increase exon 7 inclusion in SMN2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts and production of full-length SMN protein. aluminium acetate|acetic acid aluminium salt|aluminum acetate|burow solution 4999 plecanatide Plecanatide is structurally related to human uroguanylin, and similar to uroguanylin, plecanatide functions as a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist. Both plecanatide and its active metabolite bind to GC-C and act locally on the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. Activation of GC-C results in an increase in both intracellular and extracellular concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Elevation of intracellular cGMP stimulates secretion of chloride and bicarbonate into the intestinal lumen, mainly through activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel, resulting in increased intestinal fluid and accelerated transit. elosulfase alfa|vimizim|BMN 110|rhGALNS|EC 3.1.6.4|BMN-110 5 ethanol A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. (S)-nicardipine|(-)-Nicardipine 50 betaine A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341) aceprometazine|acepromethazine|aceprometazine maleate 500 methsuximide anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation 5000 icotinib Icotinib is a new epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that developed and used in China for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). evolocumab|repatha|AMG-145|AMG 145 5001 olmutinib Olmutinib is an oral, third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Third-generation EGFR TKIs with covalent binding to the receptors demonstrate irreversible enzymatic inhibition of activating EGFR mutations and T790M mutation (a common reason for acquired EGFR TKI resistance), while sparing wild-type EGFR. truberzi|eluxadoline|viberzi|JNJ-27018966|JNJ 27018966|MuDelta 5002 apatinib Apatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in China for the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic gastric cancer. insulin lispro BS|lyumjev|insulin lispro protamine recombinant|insulin lispro protamine|insulin lispro|humalog|insulin lispro recombinant|humalog lispro 5003 tasonermin Tasonermin, is a copy of the human protein tumour necrosis factor alfa-1a (TNF-alfa). The exact way that TNF-alfa works against certain types of cancer is not fully understood, but it is thought that it can kill tumour cells directly, as well as destroy the blood vessels supplying tumours and stimulate the immune system to attack them. This leads to the tumour dying back and getting smaller, particularly when the medicine is combined with other cytotoxic (cell-killing) medicines and raised temperature. insulin (human)|insulin|insulin regular human|insulin susp isophane recombinant human|insulin susp isophane semisynthetic purified human|insulin zinc susp extended recombinant human|insulin zinc susp recombinant human|insulin zinc susp semisynthetic purified human|insulin human base|insulin human isophane|insulin human|insulin recombinant human|insulin human (genetical recombination)|humulin|insulin recombinant purified human 5004 sulesomab Sulesomab recognizes an antigenic structure shared by a surface glycoprotein (NCA-90) of granulocytes and the tumour marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Sulesomab is indicated for diagnostic imaging for determining the location and extent of infection/inflammation in bone in patients with suspected osteomyelitis, including patients with diabetic foot ulcers. ocriplasmin|microplasmin|ocriplasmine|jetrea|ocriplasmin (genetical recombination) 5005 telotristat ethyl Telotristat, the active metabolite of telotristat ethyl, is an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, which mediates the rate limiting step in serotonin biosynthesis. The in vitro inhibitory potency of telotristat towards tryptophan hydroxylase is 29 times higher than that of telotristat ethyl. Serotonin plays a role in mediating secretion, motility, inflammation, and sensation of the gastrointestinal tract, and is over-produced in patients with carcinoid syndrome. Through inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase, telotristat and telotristat ethyl reduce the production of peripheral serotonin, and the frequency of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. mirodenafil|mvix|SK3530|mirodenafil dihydrochloride 5006 beclabuvir an NS5B inhibitor and antiviral agent canegrelor|cangrelor|cangrelor tetrasodium|kengreal|AR-C69931XX|AR-C69931MX|kengrexal|ARL69931 5007 crisantaspase Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi catalyzes the deamidation of asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia, resulting in a reduction in circulating levels of asparagine. The mechanism of action of ERWINAZE is thought to be based on the inability of leukemic cells to synthesize asparagine due to lack of asparagine synthetase activity, resulting in cytotoxicity specific for leukemic cells that depend on an exogenous source of amino acid asparagine for their protein metabolism and survival. epoetin theta|eporatio 5008 cytisine RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure sonidegib diphosphate|sonidegib|odomzo|LDE225|erismodegib|LDE-225|NPV-LDE-225|sonidegib phosphate 5009 ribociclib Ribociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6. These kinases are activated upon binding to D-cyclins and play a crucial role in signaling pathways which lead to cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. The cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex regulates cell cycle progression through phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). In vitro, ribociclib decreased pRb phosphorylation leading to arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and reduced cell proliferation in breast cancer cell lines. In vivo, treatment with single agent ribociclib in a rat xenograft model with human tumor cells led to decreased tumor volumes, which correlated with inhibition of pRb phosphorylation. In studies using patient-derived estrogen receptor positive breast cancer xenograft models, combination of ribociclib and antiestrogen (e.g. letrozole) resulted in increased tumor growth inhibition compared to each drug alone. mecasermin recombinant|mecasermin|increlex|somatomedin C|Somatomedin-C|IGF1|insulin-like growth factor 1 501 crotamiton antiscabies, antipruritic drug; active ingredient in Eurax Cream & Lotion (Geigy); request from searcher 3/76; structure 5010 trafermin used for treatment of stroke and coronary heart disease; RN amino acid sequence in first source lumacaftor|VX-809|VRT-826809 5011 naldemedine Naldemedine is an opioid antagonist with binding affinities for mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors. Naldemedine functions as a peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, thereby decreasing the constipating effects of opioids. BAY 50-4798|aldesleukin|proleukin|aldesleukine 5012 avelumab Avelumab is a programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blocking antibody. Avelumab is a human IgG1 lambda monoclonal antibody that has a molecular weight of approximately 147 kDa. PD-L1 may be expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and can contribute to the inhibition of the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Binding of PD-L1 to the PD-1 and B7.1 receptors found on T cells and antigen presenting cells suppresses cytotoxic T-cell activity, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Avelumab binds PD-L1 and blocks the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors PD-1 and B7.1. This interaction releases the inhibitory effects of PD-L1 on the immune response resulting in the restoration of immune responses, including anti-tumor immune responses. Avelumab has also been shown to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. sacubitril|AHU377|sucabitril 5013 niraparib Niraparib is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, PARP-1 and PARP-2, which play a role in DNA repair. In vitro studies have shown that niraparib-induced cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity and increased formation of PARP-DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis and cell death. Increased niraparib-induced cytotoxicity was observed in tumor cell lines with or without deficiencies in BRCA1/2. Niraparib decreased tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human cancer cell lines with deficiencies in BRCA1/2 and in human patient-derived xenograft tumor models with homologous recombination deficiency that had either mutated or wild type BRCA1/2. TAK-472|trelagliptin|trelagliptin succinate|SYR-472|SYR111472|zafatek 5014 ocrelizumab The precise mechanism by which ocrelizumab exerts its therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis is unknown, but is presumed to involve binding to CD20, a cell surface antigen present on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes. Following cell surface binding to B lymphocytes, ocrelizumab results in antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis and complement-mediated lysis. brexpiprazole|rexulti|OPC-34712|OPC 34712 5016 dupilumab Dupilumab is a human monoclonal IgG4 antibody that inhibits interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaling by specifically binding to the IL-4Rα subunit shared by the IL-4 and IL-13 receptor complexes. Dupilumab inhibits IL-4 signaling via the Type I receptor and both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling through the Type II receptor. Blocking IL-4Rα with dupilumab inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine-induced responses, including the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and IgE. alirocumab|praluent|REGN727|SAR236553 5017 sodium zirconium cyclosilicate Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate selectively binds potassium in exchange for hydrogen and sodium cations throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and reduces the concentration of free potassium in the GI lumen. This lowers serum potassium levels by drawing potassium into the GI tract and increasing faecal potassium excretion to resolve hyperkalaemia. anakinra|kineret 5019 deutetrabenazine The precise mechanism by which deutetrabenazine exerts its anti-chorea effects is unknown but is believed to be related to its effect as a reversible depletor of monoamines (such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine) from nerve terminals. The major circulating metabolites (alpha-dihydrotetrabenazine [HTBZ] and beta-HTBZ) of deutetrabenazine, are reversible inhibitors of VMAT2, resulting in decreased uptake of monoamines into synaptic vesicles and depletion of monoamine stores. turoctocog alfa|turoctocog alfa (genetical recombination)|novoeight|coagulation factor VIII 502 sulfogaiacol carboprost|carboprost tromethamine|carboprost trometamol 5020 valbenazine The mechanism of action of valbenazine in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia is unknown, but is thought to be mediated through the reversible inhibition of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), a transporter that regulates monoamine uptake from the cytoplasm to the synaptic vesicle for storage and release. olanexidine|olanexidine gluconate|olanexidine hydrochloride hydrate|olanexidine hydrochloride|olanedine|OPB-2045G|OPB-2045 5021 simoctocog alfa Simoctocog alfa (human coagulation factor VIII (rDNA)) is a purified protein that has 1440 amino acids. The amino acid sequence is comparable to the 90 + 80 kDa form of human plasma factor VIII (i.e. B-domain deleted). Simoctocog alfa is produced by recombinant DNA technology in genetical human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293F cells. agalsidase alfa|replagal|agalsidase alfa (genetical recombination) 5022 forodesine Forodesine is a transition state analogue that binds preferentially to and inhibits purine nucleotide phosphorylase (PNP), resulting in the accumulation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate and the subsequent inhibition of the enzyme ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and DNA synthesis. This agent selectively causes apoptosis in stimulated or malignant T-lymphocytes. A transition state analogue is a substrate designed to mimic the properties or the geometry of the transition state of reaction. flibanserin|addyi|ectris|BIMT-17|BIMT 17 5023 cerliponase alfa Cerliponase alfa is a purified human enzyme produced by recombinant DNA technology in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. The active substance is a recombinant human tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (rhTPP1), a lysosomal exopeptidase. The primary activity of the mature enzyme is the cleavage of N-terminal tripeptides from a broad range of protein substrates. CLN2 disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (TPP1), which catabolizes polypeptides in the CNS. Deficiency in TPP1 activity results in the accumulation of lysosomal storage materials normally metabolized by this enzyme in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to progressive decline in motor function. 5025 midostaurin Midostaurin is a small molecule that inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. In vitro biochemical or cellular assays have shown that midostaurin or its major human active metabolites CGP62221 and CGP52421 inhibit the activity of wild type FLT3, FLT3 mutant kinases (ITD and TKD), KIT (wild type and D816V mutant), PDGFR-alfa/beta, VEGFR2, as well as members of the serine/threonine kinase PKC (protein kinase C) family. Midostaurin demonstrated the ability to inhibit FLT3 receptor signaling and cell proliferation, and it induced apoptosis in leukemic cells expressing ITD and TKD mutant FLT3 receptors or overexpressing wild type FLT3 and PDGF receptors. Midostaurin also demonstrated the ability to inhibit KIT signaling, cell proliferation and histamine release and induce apoptosis in mast cells. sargramostim|sargramostim (genetical recombination)|leukine|BI 61.012 5026 abaloparatide Abaloparatide is a PTHrP(1-34) analog which acts as an agonist at the PTH1 receptor (PTH1R). This results in activation of the cAMP signaling pathway in target cells. In rats and monkeys, abaloparatide had an anabolic effect on bone, demonstrated by increases in BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) that correlated with increases in bone strength at vertebral and/or nonvertebral sites. oprelvekin|oprelvekin (genetical recombination)|neumega|IL-11|IL11 5027 brigatinib Brigatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with in vitro activity at clinically achievable concentrations against multiple kinases including ALK, ROS1, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and FLT-3 as well as EGFR deletion and point mutations. Brigatinib inhibited autophosphorylation of ALK and ALK-mediated phosphorylation of the downstream signaling proteins STAT3, AKT, ERK1/2, and S6 in in vitro and in vivo assays. Brigatinib also inhibited the in vitro proliferation of cell lines expressing EML4-ALK and NPM-ALK fusion proteins and demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC xenograft growth in mice. At clinically achievable concentrations (<= 500 nM), brigatinib inhibited the in vitro viability of cells expressing EML4-ALK and 17 mutant forms associated with resistance to ALK inhibitors including crizotinib, as well as EGFR-Del (E746-A750), ROS1-L2026M, FLT3-F691L, and FLT3-D835Y. Brigatinib exhibited in vivo anti-tumor activity against 4 mutant forms of EML4-ALK, including G1202R and L1196M mutants identified in NSCLC tumors in patients who have progressed on crizotinib. Brigatinib also reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival in mice implanted intracranially with an ALK-driven tumor cell line. rolapitant|rolapitant hydrochloride|varubi|SCH619734|SCH 619734 5028 durvalumab Durvalumab is a human immunoglobulin G1 kappa (IgG1κ) monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 and CD80 (B7.1). Blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 and PD-L1/CD80 interactions releases the inhibition of immune responses, without inducing antibody dependent cellmediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). PD-L1 blockade with durvalumab led to increased T-cell activation in vitro and decreased tumor size in co-engrafted human tumor and immune cell xenograft mouse models. sebelipase alfa|SBC-102|kanuma|LIPA 5029 cenegermin Cenegermin is a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor. Nerve growth factor is an endogenous protein involved in the differentiation and maintenance of neurons, which acts through specific high-affinity (i.e., TrkA) and low-affinity (i.e. p75NTR) nerve growth factor receptors. Nerve growth factor receptors are expressed in the anterior segment of the eye (cornea, conjunctiva, iris, ciliary body, and lens), by the lacrimal gland, and by posterior segment intraocular tissues. The treatment with cenegermin, administered as eye drops, is intended to allow restoration of corneal integrity. uridine triacetate|PN401|xuriden|vistogard 503 tryptophan An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals. carboquone|carbazilquinone|esquinone 5030 benproperine has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source alglucosidase alfa|alglucosidase alfa (genetical recombination)|myozyme|rhGAA|lumizyme 5031 sarilumab Sarilumab is a human recombinant monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 subclass. Sarilumab is produced by recombinant DNA technology in Chinese Hamster Ovary cell suspension culture. Sarilumab binds to both soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R and mIL-6R), and has been shown to inhibit IL-6-mediated signaling through these receptors. IL-6 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by a variety of cell types including T- and B-cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and fibroblasts. IL-6 has been shown to be involved in diverse physiological processes such as T-cell activation, induction of immunoglobulin secretion, initiation of hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, and stimulation of hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation and differentiation. IL-6 is also produced by synovial and endothelial cells leading to local production of IL-6 in joints affected by inflammatory processes such as rheumatoid arthritis. Based on encouraging results in China with a similar drug, tocilizumab, a phase 2/3 US study evaluating efficacy and safety of sarilumab in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 was performed. At the moment, there are insufficient data to recommend either for or against use of sarilumab for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. mogamulizumab-kpkc|AMG-761|KM8761|mogamulizumab|mogamulizumab (genetical recombination)|poteligeo|KW-0761 5032 delafloxacin Delafloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial drugs and is anionic in nature. The antibacterial activity of delafloxacin is due to the inhibition of both bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) enzymes which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. Delafloxacin exhibits a concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in vitro. menadiol sodium diphosphate|menadiol sodium diphosphate hexahydrate|kappadione|menadiol sodium phosphate 5033 evogliptin Evogliptin is an orally bioavailable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DPP-4 inhibitors control glucose levels by preventing the breakdown of the incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which stimulate insulin secretion in response to the increased levels of glucose in the period following meals. hyaluronidase recombinant human|hyaluronidase|wydase|hyaluronidase ovine|hyaluronidase bovine|vorhyaluronidase alfa (genetical recombination) 5034 polmacoxib Polmacoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat osteoarthritis. It is a selective COX-2 inhibitor. protamine sulfate|protamine|protamine sulfates|protamine hydrochloride 5036 betrixaban Betrixaban is an oral FXa inhibitor that selectively blocks the active site of FXa and does not require a cofactor (such as Anti-thrombin III) for activity. Betrixaban inhibits free FXa and prothrombinase activity. By directly inhibiting FXa, betrixaban decreases thrombin generation. Betrixaban has no direct effect on platelet aggregation. sodium phosphate (32P)|disodium hydrogen phosphate (32P)|sodium phosphate P-32|sodium phosphate P 32|phosphotope 5037 voxilaprevir Voxilaprevir is a noncovalent, reversible inhibitor of the NS3/4A protease, which is necessary for the proteolytic cleavage of the HCV encoded polyprotein (into mature forms of the NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B proteins) and is essential for viral replication. In a biochemical inhibition assay, voxilaprevir inhibited the proteolytic activity of recombinant NS3/4A enzymes from clinical isolates of HCV genotypes 1b and 3a with Ki values of 38 and 66 pM, respectively. cariprazine|cariprazine hydrochloride|vraylar|RGH-188 5038 glecaprevir Glecaprevir is an inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A protease, which is necessary for the proteolytic cleavage of the HCV encoded polyprotein (into mature forms of the NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B proteins) and is essential for viral replication. In a biochemical assay, glecaprevir inhibited the proteolytic activity of recombinant NS3/4A enzymes from clinical isolates of HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5a, and 6a with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 to 11.3 nM. sodium iodide (131I)|sodium iodide I-131|iodotope|sodium iodide I 131 5039 pibrentasvir Pibrentasvir is an inhibitor of HCV NS5A, which is essential for viral RNA replication and virion assembly. The mechanism of action of pibrentasvir has been characterized based on cell culture antiviral activity and drug resistance mapping studies. tannic acid|tannin 5040 corifollitropin alfa Corifollitropin alfa is designed as a sustained follicle stimulant with the same pharmacodynamic profile as (rec)FSH, but with a markedly prolonged duration of FSH activity. Due to its ability to initiate and sustain multiple follicular growth for an entire week, a single subcutaneous injection of the recommended dose of Corifollitropin alfa may replace the first seven injections of any daily (rec)FSH preparation in a COS treatment cycle. The long duration of FSH activity was achieved by adding the carboxy-terminal peptide of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to the beta-chain of human FSH. Corifollitropin alfa does not display any intrinsic LH/hCG activity. chymotrypsin|zolyse|EC 3.4.21.1|alpha chymar|alpha-chymar 5042 guselkumab Guselkumab is a human monoclonal IgG1-lambda antibody that selectively binds to the p19 subunit of interleukin 23 (IL-23) and inhibits its interaction with the IL-23 receptor. IL-23 is a naturally occurring cytokine that is involved in normal inflammatory and immune responses. Guselkumab inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. somatrem|somatrem (genetical recombination)|methionyl human growth hormone|protropin|somatonorm 5043 inotuzumab ozogamicin Inotuzumab ozogamicin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a CD22-directed monoclonal antibody that is covalently linked to N-acetyl-gamma-calicheamicin dimethylhydrazide. Inotuzumab is a humanised immunoglobulin class G subtype 4 (IgG4) antibody that specifically recognises human CD22. The small molecule, N-acetyl-gamma-calicheamicin, is a cytotoxic product. N-acetyl-gamma-calicheamicin is covalently attached to the antibody via an acid-cleavable linker. Nonclinical data suggest that the anticancer activity of Inotuzumab ozogamicin is due to the binding of the ADC to CD22-expressing tumour cells, followed by internalisation of the ADC-CD22 complex, and the intracellular release of N-acetyl-gamma-calicheamicin dimethylhydrazide via hydrolytic cleavage of the linker. Activation of N-acetyl-gamma-calicheamicin dimethylhydrazide induces double-stranded DNA breaks, subsequently inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. sacrosidase|sucraid|sucrase 5044 pemafibrate Pemafibrate is a selective PPAR-alpha modulator (SPPARM-alpha) that has antihyperlipidaemic activity. rapilysin|reteplase|retavase 5045 zabofloxacin Zabofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with enhanced in-vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, including strains resistant to other antibiotics. The spectrum of activity of Zabofloxacin includes those bacterial strains that are responsible for most community-acquired respiratory infections. alphadolone acetate|alfadolone acetate 5046 imrecoxib Imrecoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor indicated for treatment of osteoarthritis. cobimetinib|RG 7420|GDC-0973|cobimetinib butyrate|cobimetinib fumarate|cotellic|XL518|cobimetinib hemifumarate 5047 enasidenib Enasidenib is a small molecule inhibitor of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) enzyme. Enasidenib targets the mutant IDH2 variants R140Q, R172S, and R172K at approximately 40-fold lower concentrations than the wild-type enzyme in vitro. Inhibition of the mutant IDH2 enzyme by enasidenib led to decreased 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) levels and induced myeloid differentiation in vitro and in vivo in mouse xenograft models of IDH2 mutated AML. In blood samples from patients with AML with mutated IDH2, enasidenib decreased 2-HG levels, reduced blast counts and increased percentages of mature myeloid cells. saroglitazar|lipaglyn|ZYH1|saroglitazar magnesium 5048 neratinib Neratinib is a kinase inhibitor that irreversibly binds to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), and HER4. In vitro, neratinib reduces EGFR and HER2 autophosphorylation, downstream MAPK and AKT signaling pathways, and showed antitumor activity in EGFR and/or HER2 expressing carcinoma cell lines. Neratinib human metabolites M3, M6, M7 and M11 inhibited the activity of EGFR, HER2 and HER4 in vitro. In vivo, oral administration of neratinib inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models with tumor cell lines expressing HER2 and EGFR. HBS-101|pitolisant|tiprolisant|pitolisant hydrochloride|tiprolisant hydrochloride|wakix|BF2.649 5049 vaborbactam Vaborbactam is a non-suicidal beta-lactamase inhibitor that protects meropenem from degradation by certain serine beta-lactamases such as Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). Vaborbactam does not have any antibacterial activity. Vaborbactam does not decrease the activity of meropenem against meropenem-susceptible organisms. asfotase alpha|asfotase alfa|ALXN1215|ENB-0040|alkaline phosphatase|strensiq|ALXN-1215 505 fenozolone carbutamide|nadisan|nadizan|norboral|aminophenurobutane|bucarban|burcol|butisulfina|carbutamid|glybutamide|sulfaninylbutylurea|butylcarbamide 5050 levornidazole Levornidazole is a nitroimidazole derivative, which is mediated through the reduction in anaerobic environment into amino or the formation of free radicals from the nitro, interacting with celluar components, results in the death of microorganisms. It is indicated for the treatment of a variety of infectious diseases caused by sensitive anaerobic bacteria. astodrimer|astodrimer sodium|SPL7013|SPL 7013|SPL-7013|BRI7013|BRI-7013 5051 morinidazole Morinidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic indicated for the treatment of sensitive anaerobic bacterial infections including appendicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease caused by anaerobic bacteria. collagenase|xiaflex|collagenase clostridium histolyticum 5052 copanlisib Copanlisib is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) with inhibitory activity predominantly against PI3K-alpha and PI3K-delta isoforms expressed in malignant B cells. Copanlisib has been shown to induce tumor cell death by apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of primary malignant B cell lines. Copanlisib inhibits several key cell-signaling pathways, including B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, CXCR12 mediated chemotaxis of malignant B cells, and NFkB signaling in lymphoma cell lines. aripiprazole lauroxil|aristada|RDC-3317 5054 butylphthalide 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP) is a compound found in Chinese celery seed extracts that can improve cognitive functions and may decrease Amyloid-beta levels in Alzheimer′s disease. NBP has antioxidant activities and may protect against oxidative/nitrosative stress, mitochondrial impairment and apoptosis. omarigliptin|marizev|Mk-3102|MK3102 5055 tivozanib Tivozanib is an oral, once-daily, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). It is a potent, selective and long half-life inhibitor of all three VEGF receptors and is designed to optimize VEGF blockade while minimizing off-target toxicities, potentially resulting in improved efficacy and minimal dose modifications. Tivozanib is indicated as first line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and for adult patients who are VEGFR and mTOR pathway inhibitor-naive following disease progression after one prior treatment with cytokine therapy for advanced RCC. idarucizumab|praxbind|BI 655075|BI-655075 5056 abemaciclib Abemaciclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6). These kinases are activated upon binding to D-cyclins. In estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell lines, cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 promote phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation. In vitro, continuous exposure to abemaciclib inhibited Rb phosphorylation and blocked progression from G1 into S phase of the cell cycle, resulting in senescence and apoptosis. In breast cancer xenograft models, abemaciclib dosed daily without interruption as a single agent or in combination with antiestrogens resulted in reduction of tumor size. patiromer calcium|patiromer sorbitex calcium|veltassa|RLY5016S|patiromer|RLY5016|patiromer glucitol calcium 5057 acalabrutinib Acalabrutinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of BTK. Acalabrutinib and its active metabolite, ACP-5862, form a covalent bond with a cysteine residue in the BTK active site, leading to inhibition of BTK enzymatic activity. BTK is a signaling molecule of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and cytokine receptor pathways. In B cells, BTK signaling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis, an adhesion. In nonclinical studies, acalabrutinib inhibited BTK mediated activation of downstream signaling proteins CD86 and CD69 and inhibited malignant B-cell proliferation and survival. insulin glulisine|insulin glulisine (genetical recombination)|HMR 1964|apidra|glulisine apidra|insulin glulisine recombinant|insulin glulisine [rDNA origin]|insulin glulisine (rDNA origin) 5058 latanoprostene bunod Latanoprostene bunod is thought to lower intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor through both the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral routes. Intraocular pressure is a major modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression. Reduction of intraocular pressure reduces risk of glaucomatous visual field loss. xepi|ozenoxacin|zebiax|T-3912|T 3912 5059 letermovir Letermovir inhibits the CMV DNA terminase complex (pUL51, pUL56, and pUL89) which is required for viral DNA processing and packaging. Biochemical characterization and electron microscopy demonstrated that letermovir affects the production of proper unit length genomes and interferes with virion maturation. Genotypic characterization of virus resistant to letermovir confirmed that letermovir targets the terminase complex. lusutrombopag|S-888711|S 888711|mulpleta 506 ethotoin Ethotoin exerts an antiepileptic effect without causing general central nervous system depression. The mechanism of action is probably very similar to that of phenytoin. The latter drug appears to stabilize rather than to raise the normal seizure threshold, and to prevent the spread of seizure activity rather than to abolish the primary focus of seizure discharges. carbuterol hydrochloride|carbuterol|carbuterol HCl 5060 benralizumab Benralizumab is a humanized afucosylated, monoclonal antibody (IgG1, kappa) that directly binds to the alpha subunit of the human interleukin-5 receptor (IL-5Ralpha) with a dissociation constant of 11 pM. The IL-5 receptor is expressed on the surface of eosinophils and basophils. In an in vitro setting, the absence of fucose in the Fc domain of benralizumab facilitates binding (45.5 nM) to FcɣRIII receptors on immune effectors cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, leading to apoptosis of eosinophils and basophils through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Inflammation is an important component in the pathogenesis of asthma. Multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) and mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, cytokines) are involved in inflammation. Benralizumab, by binding to the IL-5Ralpha chain, reduces eosinophils through ADCC; however, the mechanism of benralizumab action in asthma has not been definitively established. loqoa|esflurbiprofen|TT-063 5061 vestronidase alfa Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII or Sly syndrome) is a lysosomal disorder characterized by the deficiency of GUS that results in GAG accumulation in cells throughout the body leading to multisystem tissue and organ damage. Vestronidase alfa-vjbk is a recombinant form of human GUS and is intended to provide exogenous GUS enzyme for uptake into cellular lysosomes. Mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) residues on the oligosaccharide chains allow binding of the enzyme to cell surface receptors, leading to cellular uptake of the enzyme, targeting to lysosomes and subsequent catabolism of accumulated GAGs in affected tissues. mepolizumab|nucala|SB 240563|SB-240563 5062 lonoctocog alfa Lonoctocog alfa is a recombinant human protein that replaces the missing coagulation factor VIII needed for effective hemostasis. Lonoctocog alfa is a single polypeptide chain with a truncated B-domain that allows for a covalent bridge to link the factor VIII heavy and light chains. Lonoctocog alfa has demonstrated a higher VWF affinity relative to full-length rFVIII. VWF stabilizes factor VIII and protects it from degradation. Activated Lonoctocog alfa has an amino acid sequence identical to endogenous FVIIIa. osimertinib|tagrisso|AZD9291|AZD-9291|AZD 9291|osimertinib mesylate|osimertinib mesilate|AZD9291 mesylate|mereletinib 5063 amenamevir Amenamevir is an anti-herpes virus agent for the treatment of herpes zoster (shingles) with a novel mechanism of action. Amenamevir has been observed to inhibit the proliferation of the varicella-zoster virus by inhibiting the activity of the helicase-primase complex, which is essential for viral DNA replication. daratumumab|HuMax-CD38|3003-005|darzalex 5064 semaglutide Semaglutide is a GLP-1 analogue with 94% sequence homology to human GLP-1. Semaglutide acts as a GLP-1 receptor agonist that selectively binds to and activates the GLP-1 receptor, the target for native GLP-1. GLP-1 is a physiological hormone that has multiple actions on glucose, mediated by the GLP-1 receptors. The principal mechanism of protraction resulting in the long half-life of semaglutide is albumin binding, which results in decreased renal clearance and protection from metabolic degradation. Furthermore, semaglutide is stabilized against degradation by the DPP-4 enzyme. Semaglutide reduces blood glucose through a mechanism where it stimulates insulin secretion and lowers glucagon secretion, both in a glucose-dependent manner. Thus, when blood glucose is high, insulin secretion is stimulated and glucagon secretion is inhibited. The mechanism of blood glucose lowering also involves a minor delay in gastric emptying in the early postprandial phase. climbazole|climbazol|Bay-e-6975 5065 emicizumab Emicizumab-kxwh is a humanized monoclonal modified immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibody with a bispecific antibody structure binding factor IXa and factor X. Emicizumab-kxwh has an approximate molecular weight of 145.6 kDa and is produced in genetically engineered mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cells. Emicizumab-kxwh has no structural relationship or sequence homology to FVIII and, as such, does not induce or enhance the development of direct inhibitors to FVIII. Emicizumab-kxwh bridges activated factor IX and factor X to restore the function of missing activated factor VIII that is needed for effective hemostasis. trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate|parabolan|trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate 5066 netarsudil Netarsudil is a rho kinase inhibitor, which is believed to reduce IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork route. tenecteplase|metalyse|tnkase 5067 ertugliflozin SGLT2 is the predominant transporter responsible for reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulation. Ertugliflozin is an inhibitor of SGLT2. By inhibiting SGLT2, ertugliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion. ixazomib|ixazomib citrate|MLN2238|MLN9708|ninlaro 5068 macimorelin Macimorelin stimulates GH release by activating growth hormone secretagogue receptors present in the pituitary and hypothalamus. brivaracetam|briviact|UCB 34714|UCB-34714 5069 angiotensin II Angiotensin II is a naturally occurring peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. Angiotensin II raises blood pressure by vasoconstriction and increased aldosterone release. Direct action of angiotensin II on the vessel wall is mediated by binding to the G-protein-coupled angiotensin II receptor type 1 on vascular smooth muscle cells, which stimulates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of myosin and causes smooth muscle contraction. susoctocog alfa|obizur 507 tretamine Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers. carfecillin sodium|BRL-3475|carfecillin|carbenicillin phenyl|carbenicillin phenyl ester 5070 padeliporfin Padeliporfin is retained within the vascular system. When activated with 753 nm wavelength laser light, padeliporfin triggers a cascade of pathophysiological events resulting in focal necrosis within a few days. Activation within the illuminated tumour vasculature, generates oxygen radicals causing local hypoxia that induces the release of nitric oxide radicals. This results in transient arterial vasodilatation that triggers the release of the vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1. Rapid consumption of the NO radicals, by oxygen radicals, leads to the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (e.g. peroxynitrite), in parallel to arterial constriction. In addition, impaired deformability is thought to enhance erythrocyte aggregability and formation of blood clots at the interface of the arterial supply (feeding arteries) and tumour microcirculation, results in occlusion of the tumour vasculature. This is enhanced by RNS-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and initiation of self-propagated tumour cells necrosis through peroxidation of their membrane. asparaginase|elspar 5071 bictegravir Bictegravir inhibits the strand transfer activity of HIV-1 integrase (integrase strand transfer inhibitor; INSTI), an HIV-1 encoded enzyme that is required for viral replication. Inhibition of integrase prevents the integration of linear HIV-1 DNA into host genomic DNA, blocking the formation of the HIV-1 provirus and propagation of the virus. necitumumab|portrazza|IMC-11F8 5072 lutetium (177Lu) oxodotreotide Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate binds to somatostatin receptors with highest affinity for subtype 2 receptors (SSTR2). Upon binding to somatostatin receptor expressing cells, including malignant somatostatin receptor-positive tumors, the compound is internalized. The beta emission from Lu 177 induces cellular damage by formation of free radicals in somatostatin receptor-positive cells and in neighboring cells. elotuzumab|empliciti|BMS-901608|HuLuc63 5073 tezacaftor Tezacaftor facilitates the cellular processing and trafficking of normal and select mutant forms of CFTR (including F508del-CFTR) to increase the amount of mature CFTR protein delivered to the cell surface. pentapiperium metilsulfate|pentapiperium methylsulfate|pentapiperium|pentapiperide methylsulphate|pentapiperium metilsulphate 5074 elobixibat Elobixibat is an IBAT inhibitor approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic constipation. IBAT is the bile acid/sodium symporter responsible for the reuptake of bile acids in the ileum which is the initial step in the enterohepatic circulation. By inhibiting the uptake of bile acids, elobixibat increases the bile acid concentration in the gut, and this accelerates intestinal passage and softens the stool. policosanol 5075 apalutamide Apalutamide is an Androgen Receptor (AR) inhibitor that binds directly to the ligand-binding domain of the AR. Apalutamide inhibits AR nuclear translocation, inhibits DNA binding, and impedes AR-mediated transcription. A major metabolite, N-desmethyl apalutamide, is a less potent inhibitor of AR, and exhibited one-third the activity of apalutamide in an in vitro transcriptional reporter assay. Apalutamide administration caused decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis leading to decreased tumor volume in mouse xenograft models of prostate cancer. lesinurad|zurampic|RDEA594 Sodium|RDEA594 5076 ibalizumab Ibalizumab-uiyk, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, blocks HIV-1 from infecting CD4+ T cells by binding to domain 2 of CD4 and interfering with post-attachment steps required for the entry of HIV-1 virus particles into host cells and preventing the viral transmission that occurs via cell-cell fusion ST10|ST10-021|accrufer|ferric maltol|feraccru 5077 fostamatinib Fostamatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with demonstrated activity against spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). The major metabolite of fostamatinib, R406, inhibits signal transduction of Fc-activating receptors and B-cell receptor. The fostamatinib metabolite R406 reduces antibody-mediated destruction of platelets. selexipag|uptravi|ACT-293987|NS-304|ACT293987 5078 tildrakizumab Tildrakizumab is a humanized IgG1/k monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the p19 subunit of IL-23 and inhibits its interaction with the IL-23 receptor. IL-23 is a naturally occurring cytokine that is involved in inflammatory and immune responses. Tildrakizumab inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. lobeglitazone|lobeglitazone sulfate|CKD-501|duvie 5079 burosumab X-linked hypophosphatemia is caused by excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) which suppresses renal tubular phosphate reabsorption and the renal production of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D. Burosumab-twza binds to and inhibits the biological activity of FGF23 restoring renal phosphate reabsorption and increasing the serum concentration of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D. nemonoxacin|taigexyn|TG 873870|TG-873870 5080 fosnetupitant Netupitant is a selective antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors. Delayed emesis has been largely associated with the activation of tachykinin family neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors (broadly distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems) by substance P. As shown in in vitro and in vivo studies, netupitant inhibits substance P mediated responses. elbasvir|MK-8742|MK 8742 5081 erenumab Erenumab-aooe is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor and antagonizes CGRP receptor function. grazoprevir|grazoprevir hydrate|MK-5172|MK5172|MK 5172 5082 avatrombopag Avatrombopag is an orally bioavailable, small molecule TPO receptor agonist that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes from bone marrow progenitor cells resulting in an increased production of platelets. Avatrombopag does not compete with TPO for binding to the TPO receptor and has an additive effect with TPO on platelet production. pegaspargase|oncaspar 5083 moxidectin The mechanism by which moxidectin exhibits its effect against O. volvulus is not known. Studies with other nematodes suggest that moxidectin binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCl), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and/or ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This leads to increased permeability, influx of chloride ions, hyperpolarization and muscle paralysis. Additionally, there is a reduction in motility of all stages of the parasite, excretion of immunomodulatory proteins, and the fertility of both male and female adult worms. ixekizumab (genetical recombination)|ixekizumab|LY2439821|taltz 5084 plazomicin Plazomicin is an aminoglycoside that acts by binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Plazomicin has concentration-dependent bactericidal activity as measured by time kill studies. In vitro studies demonstrated a plazomicin post-antibiotic effect ranging from 0.2 to 2.6 hours at 2X MIC against Enterobacteriaceae. eftrenonacog alfa|alprolix|eftrenonacog alfa (genetical recombination) 5085 cannabidiol The precise mechanisms by which cannabidiol exerts its anticonvulsant effect in humans are unknown. Cannabidiol does not appear to exert its anticonvulsant effects through interaction with cannabinoid receptors. 5086 encorafenib Encorafenib is a kinase inhibitor that targets BRAF V600E, as well as wild-type BRAF and CRAF. Mutations in the BRAF gene, such as BRAF V600E, can result in constitutively activated BRAF kinases that may stimulate tumor cell growth. Encorafenib was also able to bind to other kinases in vitro including JNK1, JNK2, JNK3, LIMK1, LIMK2, MEK4, and STK36 and substantially reduce ligand binding to these kinases at clinically achievable concentrations. Encorafenib inhibited in vitro growth of tumor cell lines expressing BRAF V600 E, D, and K mutations. In mice implanted with tumor cells expressing BRAF V600E, encorafenib induced tumor regressions associated with RAF/MEK/ERK pathway suppression. besilesomab|scintimun 5087 binimetinib Binimetinib is a reversible inhibitor of mitogen-activated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 activity. MEK proteins are upstream regulators of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. In vitro, binimetinib inhibited extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in cellfree assays as well as viability and MEK-dependent phosphorylation of BRAF-mutant human melanoma cell lines. Binimetinib also inhibited in vivo ERK phosphorylation and tumor growth in BRAF-mutant murine xenograft models. denileukin diftitox|ontak|E7272|E7777 51 aminohydroxybutyric acid detrovel|estil|acetamidoeugenol 510 levamisole An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6) carminomycin|Carminomycin I|Carminomicin I|carminomicin|carubicin|carubicin hydrochloride|carubicin HCl 511 ethambutol An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863) 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil|carmofur|mifurol|yamaful 513 telmesteine carnitine|(-)-Carnitine|(-)-L-Carnitine|(R)-Carnitine|carniking|carnilean|carnitene|carnivit|l-Carnitine|levocarnitine|levocarnitine hydrochloride|levocarnitine HCl 514 dexpanthenol The alcohol of pantothenic acid caroverine|spadon 515 trapidil A coronary vasodilator agent. carperitide|human atrial natriuretic peptide|atriopeptin|carperitide (recombinant) 516 phenformin A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290) carphenazine|carfenazine|carphenazin|proketazine|carphenazine maleate|proketazine maleate 517 diethylpropion A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290) carpipramine maleate|carpipramine hydrochloride|defekton|carpipramine dihydrochloride|carpipramine|carbadipimidine|prazinil|carpipramine HCl 518 tosylchloramide sodium Ro 205720|Ro-205720|rimadyl|carprofen|carprodyl 5188 tecovirimat Tecovirimat targets and inhibits the activity of the orthopoxvirus VP37 protein (encoded by and highly conserved in all members of the orthopoxvirus genus) and blocks its interaction with cellular Rab9 GTPase and TIP47, which prevents the formation of egress-competent enveloped virions necessary for cell-to-cell and long-range dissemination of virus. IY5511HCl|radotinib|radotinib dihydrochloride|radotinib hydrochloride|IY-5511|IY5511|supect 5189 ivosidenib Ivosidenib is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) enzyme. Susceptible IDH1 mutations are defined as those leading to increased levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate(2-HG) in the leukemia cells and where efficacy is predicted by 1) clinically meaningful remissions with the recommended dose of ivosidenib and/or 2) inhibition of mutant IDH1 enzymatic activity at concentrations of ivosidenib sustainable at the recommended dosage according to validated methods. The most common of such mutations are R132H and R132C substitutions. albutrepenonacog alfa|idelvion 519 etidronic acid A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover. carpronium|actinamin|actinomin|carpronium chloride|furozin 5191 elagolix Elagolix is a GnRH receptor antagonist that inhibits endogenous GnRH signaling by binding competitively to GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland. Administration of ORILISSA results in dose-dependent suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leading to decreased blood concentrations of the ovarian sex hormones, estradiol and progesterone. insulin (pork)|insulin pork|neutral insulin|insulin purified pork|insulin susp isophane purified pork|insulin susp protamine zinc purified pork|insulin zinc susp prompt purified pork|insulin zinc susp purified pork|insulin susp isophane pork|insulin susp protamine zinc pork|porcine insulin zinc|porcine insulin|porcine insulin zinc suspension 5192 eravacycline dihydrochloride Eravacycline is a fluorocycline antibacterial within the tetracycline class of antibacterial drugs. Eravacycline disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit thus preventing the incorporation of amino acid residues into elongating peptide chains. insulin (beef)|insulin beef|insulin purified beef|insulin susp isophane beef|insulin susp isophane purified beef|insulin susp protamine zinc beef|insulin susp protamine zinc purified beef|insulin zinc susp beef|insulin zinc susp extended beef|insulin zinc susp extended purified beef|insulin zinc susp prompt beef|insulin zinc susp purified beef 5194 doravirine Doravirine is a pyridinone non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV-1 and inhibits HIV-1 replication by non-competitive inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Doravirine does not inhibit the human cellular DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma. meglumine 5195 duvelisib Duvelisib is an inhibitor of PI3K with inhibitory activity predominantly against PI3K-delta and PI3K-gamma isoforms expressed in normal and malignant B-cells. Duvelisib induced growth inhibition and reduced viability in cell lines derived from malignant B-cells and in primary CLL tumor cells. Duvelisib inhibits several key cell-signaling pathways, including B-cell receptor signaling and CXCR12-mediated chemotaxis of malignant B-cells. Additionally, duvelisib inhibits CXCL12-induced T cell migration and M-CSF and IL-4 driven M2 polarization of macrophages. corticotropin-releasing hormone (ovine)|ovine ACTH releasing factor|corticorelin ovine|corticorelin ovine triflutate|acthrel 5196 dacomitinib Dacomitinib is an irreversible inhibitor of the kinase activity of the human EGFR family (EGFR/HER1, HER2, and HER4) and certain EGFR activating mutations (exon 19 deletion or the exon 21 L858R substitution mutation). In vitro dacomitinib also inhibited the activity of DDR1, EPHA6, LCK, DDR2, and MNK1 at clinically relevant concentrations. chorionic gonadotropin|chorionic gonadotrophin|gonadotropin, chorionic|choriogonadotropin|human chorionic gonadotropin|serum gonadotropin 5197 sarecycline The mechanism of action of sarecycline in treating acne vulgaris is not known. mecasermin rinfabate|mecasermin rinfabate recombinant 5198 omadacycline Omadacycline is an aminomethylcycline antibacterial within the tetracycline class of antibacterial drugs. Omadacycline binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and blocks protein synthesis. Omadacycline is active in vitro against Gram positive bacteria expressing tetracycline resistance active efflux pumps (tetK and tet L) and ribosomal protection proteins (tet M). In general, omadacycline is considered bacteriostatic; however, omadacycline has demonstrated bactericidal activity against some isolates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. secreflo|secretin porcine|secretin synthetic porcine 5199 talazoparib tosylate Talazoparib is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, including PARP1 and PARP2, which play a role in DNA repair. In vitro studies with cancer cell lines that harbored defects in DNA repair genes, including BRCA 1 and 2, have shown that talazoparib-induced cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity and increased formation of PARP-DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, decreased cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Talazoparib anti-tumor activity was observed in human patient-derived xenograft breast cancer tumor models that expressed mutated or wild-type BRCA 1 and 2. alfataliglucerase|taliglucerase alfa|ceramide glucosidase|glucocerebrosidase 52 oxymethurea acetaminophen|acetaminofen|aminofen|panadol|paracetamol|neopap 520 caroxazone carteolol|dl-Carteolol|carteolol hydrochloride|carteolol HCl 5200 baloxavir marboxil Baloxavir marboxil is a prodrug that is converted by hydrolysis to baloxavir, the active form that exerts anti-influenza virus activity. Baloxavir inhibits the endonuclease activity of the polymerase acidic (PA) protein, an influenza virus-specific enzyme in the viral RNA polymerase complex required for viral gene transcription, resulting in inhibition of influenza virus replication. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of baloxavir was 1.4 to 3.1 nM (n=4) for influenza A viruses and 4.5 to 8.9 nM (n=3) for influenza B viruses in a PA endonuclease assay. Viruses with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir have amino acid substitutions in the PA protein. It was investigated as a potential treatment during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic but in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not confirmed. sodium succinate 5201 lorlatinib Lorlatinib is a kinase inhibitor with in vitro activity against ALK and ROS1 as well as TYK1, FER, FPS, TRKA, TRKB, TRKC, FAK, FAK2, and ACK. Lorlatinib demonstrated in vitro activity against multiple mutant forms of the ALK enzyme, including some mutations detected in tumors at the time of disease progression on crizotinib and other ALK inhibitors. staquis|crisaborole|AN2728|eucrisa 5202 revefenacin Revefenacin is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, which is often referred to as an anticholinergic. It has similar affinity to the subtypes of muscarinic receptors M1 to M5. In the airways, it exhibits pharmacological effects through inhibition of M3 receptor at the smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation. The competitive and reversible nature of antagonism was shown with human and animal origin receptors and isolated organ preparations. In preclinical in vitro as well as in vivo models, prevention of methacholine- and acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstrictive effects was dose-dependent and lasted longer than 24 hours. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown. The bronchodilation following inhalation of revefenacin is predominantly a site-specific effect. baricitinib|LY3009104|INCB028050|olumiant 5204 glasdegib Glasdegib is an inhibitor of the Hedgehog pathway. Glasdegib binds to and inhibits Smoothened, a transmembrane protein involved in hedgehog signal transduction. ferumoxytol|rienso|ferumoxytol non-stoichiometric magnetite|feraheme 5206 larotrectinib Larotrectinib is an inhibitor of the tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK), TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC. In a broad panel of purified enzyme assays, larotrectinib inhibited TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC with IC50 values between 5-11 nM. One other kinase TNK2 was inhibited at approximately 100-fold higher concentration. TRKA, B, and C are encoded by the genes NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3.Chromosomal rearrangements involving in-frame fusions of these genes with various partners can result in constitutively-activated chimeric TRK fusion proteins that can act as an oncogenic driver, promoting cell proliferation and survival in tumor cell lines. pegademase|pegademase bovine|adagen 5207 gilteritinib Gilteritinib is a small molecule that inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). Gilteritinib demonstrated the ability to inhibit FLT3 receptor signaling and proliferation in cells exogenously expressing FLT3 including FLT3-ITD, tyrosine kinase domain mutations (TKD) FLT3-D835Y and FLT3-ITD-D835Y, and it induced apoptosis in leukemic cells expressing FLT3-ITD. nusinersen|spinraza|ISIS 396443|nusinersen sodium 5208 evocalcet Evocalcet is a new type of oral calcimimetics agent. The drug suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion by acting on the calcium receptors on parathyroid gland cells. plecanatide|trulance|SP-304 5209 caplacizumab In patients with aTTP, levels of a substance called von Willebrand factor are increased. von Willebrand factor acts on platelets to cause them to stick together and form blood clots. Caplacizumab, the active substance in Cablivi, is a nanobody (a small antibody) which has been designed to attach to von Willebrand factor in a way that stops it acting on platelets. This reduces platelets sticking together and forming clots in blood vessels and, as a result, platelet levels in the blood rise because they are no longer taken up to form clots. icotinib|icotinib hydrochloride 5211 lanadelumab Lanadelumab-flyo is a fully human monoclonal antibody (IgG1/kappa-light chain) that binds plasma kallikrein and inhibits its proteolytic activity. Plasma kallikrein is a protease that cleaves high-molecular-weight-kininogen (HMWK) to generate cleaved HMWK (cHMWK) and bradykinin, a potent vasodilator that increases vascular permeability resulting in swelling and pain associated with HAE.In patients with HAE due to C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency or dysfunction, normal regulation of plasma kallikrein activity is not present, which leads to uncontrolled increases in plasma kallikrein activity and results in angioedema attacks. Lanadelumab-flyo decreases plasma kallikrein activity to control excess bradykinin generation in patients with HAE. rivoceranib|apatinib|apatinib mesylate|apatinib mesilate|YN968D1 5213 condoliase Condoliase degrades chondroitin sulfate, chondroitin, and hyaluronic acid and also improves the clinical manifestations of herniation by lowering the internal pressure of the intervertebral disc due to dissolving the glycosaminoglycans within the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc, and lowering the water-holding capacity of the nucleus pulposus. sulesomab|IMMU-MN3|LeukoScan 5214 vibegron Vibegron is selectively binds to the beta 3 adrenergic receptor (beta3 AR) in bladder smooth muscle, resulting in relaxation of the detrusor muscle. telotristat ethyl|xermelo|telotristat etiprate|LX1606|LX 1606 5215 omidenepag isopropyl Omidenepag isopropyl is a prodrug that is converted by hydrolysis to omidenepag, the active form that it is thought to lower ophthalmic pressure via a dual mechanism of action, increasing both the trabecular outfow facility and the uveoscleral outfow as a result of EP2 receptor stimulation, thereby promoting aqueous outfow. beclabuvir|beclabuvir hydrochloride|beclabuvir HCl|BMS-791325|BMS 791325 5217 patisiran Patisiran is a double-stranded siRNA that causes degradation of mutant and wild-type TTR mRNA through RNA interference, which results in a reduction of serum TTR protein and TTR protein deposits in tissues. cytisine|baptitoxine|tabex 5218 moxetumomab pasudotox Moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk is a CD22-directed cytotoxin. Moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk binds CD22 on the cell surface of B-cells and is internalized. Moxetumomab pasudotox -tdfk internalization results in ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptotic cell death. ribociclib|ribociclib succinate|LEE011|LEE 011|kisqali|LEE011-BBA|LEE011A 5219 fremanezumab Fremanezumab-vfrm is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ligand and blocks its binding to the receptor. trafermin|trafermin (genetical recombination)|fiblast|CAB-2001|KCB-1 522 pheneturide product of ring hydrolysis of phenobarbital; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation carvedilol|carvedilol phosphate|carvediol|carvedilol hydrochloride|carvedilol HCl|BM 14,190 5220 galcanezumab Galcanezumab-gnlm is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ligand and blocks its binding to the receptor. naldemedine|symproic|nalmedine|naldemedine tosylate|S-297995|naldemedine tosilate 5221 cemiplimab Cemiplimab-rwlc is a recombinant human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody that binds to PD-1 and blocks its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2, releasing PD-1 pathway mediated inhibition of the immune response, including the anti-tumor immune response. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, blocking PD-1 activity resulted in decreased tumor growth. avelumab|bavencio|MSB0010718C|MSB0010682 5222 elapegademase Elapegademase-lvlr provides an exogenous source of ADA enzyme that is associated with a decrease in toxic adenosine and deoxyadenosine nucleotides levels as well as an increase in lymphocyte number. niraparib hydrochloride|niraparib HCl|MK-4827|niraparib|niraparib tosylate monohydrate|niraparib tosylate|zejula 5223 inotersen Inotersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that causes degradation of mutant and wild-type TTR mRNA through binding to the TTR mRNA, which results in a reduction of serum TTR protein and TTR protein deposits in tissues. ocrelizumab|PR070769|ocrevus 5224 emapalumab Emapalumab-lzsg is a monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralizes interferon gamma (IFNgamma). Nonclinical data suggest that IFNgamma plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of HLH by being hypersecreted. dupilumab|REGN668|SAR231893|dupixent 5225 calaspargase pegol L-asparaginase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid L-asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. The pharmacological effect of ASPARLAS is thought to be based on selective killing of leukemic cells due to depletion of plasma L-asparagine. Leukemic cells with low expression of asparagine synthetase have a reduced ability to synthesize L-asparagine, and therefore depend on an exogenous source of L-asparagine for survival. sodium zirconium cyclosilicate|lokelma|ZS-9|UXSi-9 5226 ravulizumab Ravulizumab-cwvz is a terminal complement inhibitor that specifically binds to the complement protein C5 with high affinity, thereby inhibiting its cleavage to C5a (the proinflammatory anaphylatoxin) and C5b (the initiating subunit of the terminal complement complex [C5b-9]) and preventing the generation of the terminal complement complex C5b9. ULTOMIRIS inhibits terminal complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis in patients with PNH. deutetrabenazine|austedo|SD-809|SD 809 5227 tagraxofusp Tagraxofusp-erzs is a CD123-directed cytotoxin composed of recombinant human interleukin-3 (IL-3) and truncated diphtheria toxin (DT) fusion protein that inhibits protein synthesis and causes cell death in CD123-expressing cells. valbenazine|valbenazine tosylate|ingrezza|NBI-98854|NBI 98854|valbenazine ditosylate|dysval 5229 brexanolone Brexanolone is a neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor positive modulator indicated for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) in adults. forodesine|forodesine hydrochloride|forodesine HCl|mundesine|fodosine|BCX-1777|Immucillin H 523 dexibuprofen 524 ibuprofen A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the treatment of RHEUMATISM and ARTHRITIS. Concerns that anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen may worsen COVID-19 circulated widely in the early months of the pandemic. FDA has stated that it is not aware of scientific evidence connecting the use of NSAIAs, such as ibuprofen, with worsening COVID-19 symptoms and will communicate publicly when more information is available. cefacetrile sodium|cefacetrile|cephacetril|cephacetrile 525 pivhydrazine cefaclor|alfacet|ceclor|cephaclor|distaclor|losefar|cefaclor hydrate 526 pyrantel Broad spectrum anthelmintic for livestock. cefadroxil|cefadrox|cephadroxil|cefadroxil hemihydrate 528 miglitol Miglitol is a desoxynojirimycin derivative that delays the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smaller rise in blood glucose concentration following meals. As a consequence of plasma glucose reduction, miglitol reduce levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. cefamandole nafate|cefamandole formate sodium|cephamandole nafate|kefadol|kefandol|lampomandol|neocefal 529 thurfyl nicotinate cefatrizine|cefaperos|cephatrizin|cephatrizine|cepticol 53 noxytiolin Local antibacterial that probably acts by releasing formaldehyde in aqueous solutions. It is used for THERAPEUTIC IRRIGATION of infected body cavities - bladder, peritoneum, etc. and as a spray for burns. acetaminosalol|4-Acetamidophenyl salicylate|p-Acetamidophenyl salicylate 531 toloxatone oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure 532 guanoxan was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage cefcapene pivoxil|cefcamate pivoxil|cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride|cefcapene pivoxil HCl 533 guabenxan combination of bemetizid diuretic & guabenxan antihypertensive agent cefdinir monohydrate|cefdinir|cefdiel|cefnil|cefzon 5330 solriamfetol The mechanism of action of solriamfetol to improve wakefulness in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea is unclear. However, solriamfetol binds to the dopamine transporter and norepinephrine transporter with low affinity and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine with low potency. Solriamfetol has no appreciable binding affinity for the serotonin transporter (Ki=81.5 μM) and does not inhibit serotonin reuptake (IC50 > 100 μM). Solriamfetol improves wakefulness in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea is unclear. However, its efficacy could be mediated through its activity as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI). selinexor|xpovio|KPT-330 5331 siponimod Siponimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator. Siponimod binds with high affinity to S1P receptors 1 and 5. Siponimod blocks the capacity of lymphocytes to egress from lymph nodes, reducing the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The mechanism by which siponimod exerts therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis is unknown, but may involve reduction of lymphocyte migration into the central nervous system. prabotulinumtoxinA|prabotulinumtoxinA-xvsf|jeuveau|DWP450 5332 erdafitinib Erdafitinib inhibited FGFR phosphorylation and signaling and decreased cell viability in cell lines expressing FGFR genetic alterations, including point mutations, amplifications, and fusions. Erdafitinib demonstrated antitumor activity in FGFR-expressing cell lines and xenograft models derived from tumor types, including bladder cancer. onasemnogene abeparvovec|onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi|zolgensma|AVXS-101 5333 alpelisib Alpelisib is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase (PI3K) with inhibitory activity predominantly against PI3Kalpha. Gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the catalytic alpha-subunit of PI3K (PIK3CA) lead to activation of PI3Kalpha and Akt-signaling, cellular transformation and the generation of tumors in in vitro and in vivo models. polatuzumab vedotin-piiq|polivy|CU-2711|RG-7596|RO-5541077|polatuzumab vedotin|RO-5541077-000|polatuzumab vedotin (genetical recombination) 5334 bremelanotide Bremelanotide is a melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist that nonselectively activates several receptor subtypes with the following order of potency: MC1R, MC4R, MC3R, MC5R, MC2R. The mechanism by which VYLEESI improves HSDD in women is unknown. The MC1R is expressed on melanocytes; binding at this receptor leads to melanin expression and increased pigmentation darolutamide|nubeqa|BAY 1841788|ODM-201 5335 selinexor Selinexor reversibly inhibits nuclear export of tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs), growth regulators, and mRNAs of oncogenic proteins by blocking exportin 1(XPO1) volanesorsen|volanesorsen sodium|waylivra|IONIS-304801|IONIS-APOCIII|IONIS-APOCIIIRx 5336 prabotulinumtoxinA PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent andexanet alfa|ondexxya|PRT064445|PRT-064445|PRT-44545|PRT-4445|AndexXa|AnXa|IndexXa|andexanet alfa (genetical recombination) 5337 onasemnogene abeparvovec ZOLGENSMA is a recombinant AAV9-based gene therapy designed to deliver a copy of the gene encoding the human SMN protein. SMA is caused by a bi-allelic mutation in the SMN1 gene, which results in insufficient SMN protein expression. Intravenous administration of ZOLGENSMA that results in cell transduction and expression of the SMN protein has been observed in two human case studies risankizumab|skyrizi|BI655066|655066-01|ABBV-066|BI-655066|risankizumab-rzaa 5338 polatuzumab vedotin Polatuzumab vedotin-piiq is a CD79b-directed antibody-drug conjugate with activity against dividing B cells. The small molecule, MMAE is an anti-mitotic agent covalently attached to the antibody via a cleavable linker. The monoclonal antibody binds to CD79b, a B-cell specific surface protein, which is a component of the B-cell receptor. Upon binding CD79b, polatuzumab vedotin-piiq is internalized, and the linker is cleaved by lysosomal proteases to enable intracellular delivery of MMAE. MMAE binds to microtubules and kills dividing cells by inhibiting cell division and inducing apoptosis ropeginterferon alfa-2b|besremi|ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft 534 butacetin cefditoren pivoxil|cefditoren pivaloyloxymethyl ester|cefditoren pivoxyl 5340 darolutamide Darolutamide is an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor. Darolutamide competitively inhibits androgen binding, AR nuclear translocation, and AR-mediated transcription. A major metabolite, keto-darolutamide, exhibited similar in vitro activity to darolutamide. In addition, darolutamide functioned as a progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist in vitro (approximately 1% activity compared to AR). Darolutamide decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor volume in mouse xenograft models of prostate cancer pegvaliase|palynziq|pegvaliase-pqpz 5341 volanesorsen Volanesorsen is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to inhibit the formation of apoC-III, a protein that is recognised to regulate both triglyceride metabolism and hepatic clearance of chylomicrons and other triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The selective binding of volanesorsen to the apoC-III messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) within the 3′ untranslated region at base position 489-508 causes the degradation of the mRNA. This binding prevents translation of the protein apoC-III, thus removing an inhibitor of triglyceride clearance and enabling metabolism through an LPL-independent pathway quizartinib|quizartinib hydrochloride|quizartinib dihydrochloride|vanflyta|AC220|AC010220 5342 andexanet alfa Andexanet alfa is a recombinant form of human FXa protein that has been modified to lack FXa enzymatic activity. The active site serine was substituted with alanine, rendering the molecule unable to cleave and activate prothrombin, and the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain was removed to eliminate the ability of the protein to assemble into the prothrombinase complex, thus removing any anti-coagulant effects. Andexanet alfa is a specific reversal agent for FXa inhibitors. The predominant mechanism of action is the binding and sequestration of the FXa inhibitor, although there may be a minor contribution from the inhibition of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) activity through binding to TFPI. The interaction between andexanet alfa and TFPI has not been fully characterized. Andexanet alfa binds direct FXa inhibitors with high affinity, making them unavailable to exert their anticoagulant effects recarbrio|relebactam 5343 risankizumab Skyrizi is a medicine used to treat plaque psoriasis, a disease causing red, scaly patches on the skin. Indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy pexidartinib|pexidartinib hydrochloride|PLX3397|CML-261|turalio 535 ciclopirox The mechanism of action of ciclopirox has been investigated using various in vitro and in vivo infection models. One in vitro study suggested that ciclopirox acts by chelation of polyvalent cations (Fe+3 or Al+3) resulting in the inhibition of the metal-dependent enzymes that are responsible for the degradation of peroxides within the fungal cell. The clinical significance of this observation is not known. cefepime dihydrochloride hydrate|cefepime|cefepime hydrochloride|cefimen|tsefepim|cefepime HCl 536 meobentine cefetamet pivoxil|ceftamet pivoxil|cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride|cefetamet pivoxil HCl 538 allobarbital cefmenoxime hydrochloride|cefmenoxime|cefmenoxime HCl 539 pilocarpine A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma. cefmetazole sodium|cefmetazole|cefmetazole sodium salt 54 trometamol An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424) acetanilide|acetamidobenzene|acetanil|acetylaniline|phenalgene 540 bendazol has a hypotensive, vasodilator, antispasmodic action cefminox 542 oxyfenamate monocid|cefonicid|cefonicid sodium 543 proflavine Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings. cefoperazone|biocefazon|cefoperazine|cefobid|cephaperazon|cefoperazone sodium|cefoperazone dihydrate 5436 ropeginterferon alfa-2b Ropeginterferon alfa-2b is a recombinant interferon alfa-2b conjugated with a two-arm methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG). It belongs to the class of type I interferons which exhibit their cellular effects by binding to a transmembrane receptor termed interferon alfa receptor (IFNAR). Binding to IFNAR initiates a downstream signalling cascade through the activation of kinases, in particular Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Nuclear translocation of STAT proteins controls distinct gene-expression programs and exhibit various cellular effects. Interferon alfa was shown to have an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of hematopoietic and bone marrow fibroblast progenitor cells and antagonised the action of growth factors and other cytokines that have a role in the development of myelofibrosis. These actions may be involved in the therapeutic effects of interferon alfa in polycythaemia vera.Further, it was demonstrated that interferon alfa is able to decrease the mutated JAK2V617F allele burden in patients with polycythaemia vera (a V617F point mutation in the JAK2 kinase is a hallmark of polycythaemia vera and is present in approximately 95% of patients) atoltivimab|REGN3470|inmazeb 5437 sotagliflozin Sotagliflozin is a dual inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter type 1 (SGLT1) and SGLT2. Local intestinal inhibition of SGLT1, the major transporter for glucose absorption, delays and reduces glucose absorption in the proximal intestine, resulting in a blunting and delay of postprandial hyperglycaemia. SGLT2 is the predominant transporter responsible for reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulation. By inhibiting SGLT2, sotagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion maftivimab|REGN3479 5438 pegvaliase The active substance in Palynziq, pegvaliase, is a bacterial enzyme that can break down phenylalanine, thereby stopping phenylalanine from building up in the body and helping to relieve the symptoms of phenylketonuria. The enzyme in pegvaliase is ‘pegylated’ (attached to a chemical called PEG), allowing it to remain in the body and to act for longer odesivimab|odesivimab-ebgn|REGN3471|FG-102 5439 quizartinib Quizartinib is the most selective type II FLT3 inhibitor and has shown the strongest single-agent activity in patient population with R/R-AML (acute myeloid leukemia) with FLT3 mutations. The FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors act as direct inhibitors of FLT3 via competitive inhibition of ATP-binding sites in the FLT3 receptor. Type II FLT3 inhibitors bind the FLT3 receptor in the inactive conformation in a region adjacent to the ATP-binding domain. As a result of this binding affinity, these inhibitors prevent activity of ITD (the internal tandem duplication) mutations but do not target TKD (the tyrosine kinase domain) mutations vericiguat|verquvo|BAY 1021189|MK-1242 544 minoxidil A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371) ceforanide monosodium salt|ceforanide sodium|BL-S786R|ceforanide 5440 relebactam RECARBRIO is a combination of imipenem/cilastatin and relebactam. Imipenem is a penem antibacterial drug, cilastatin sodium is a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor, and relebactam is a beta lactamase inhibitor. Cilastatin limits the renal metabolism of imipenem and does not have antibacterial activity. The bactericidal activity of imipenem results from binding to PBP 2 and PBP 1B in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the subsequent inhibition of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Inhibition of PBPs leads to the disruption of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Imipenem is stable in the presence of some beta lactamases. Relebactam has no intrinsic antibacterial activity. Relebactam protects imipenem from degradation by certain serine beta lactamases such as Sulhydryl Variable (SHV), Temoneira (TEM), Cefotaximase-Munich 13 Reference ID: 4462927 (CTX-M), Enterobacter cloacae P99 (P99), Pseudomonas-derived cephalosporinase (PDC), and Klebsiella-pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) cabotegravir|cabotegravir sodium|vocabria|GSK1265744 5442 pexidartinib Pexidartinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) harboring an internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. Overexpression of the CSF1R ligand promotes cell proliferation and accumulation in the synovium. In vitro, pexidartinib inhibited proliferation of cell lines dependent on CSF1R and ligand-induced autophosphorylation of CSF1R. Pexidartinib also inhibited the proliferation of a CSF1R dependent cell line in vivo. trilaciclib|trilaciclib dihydrochloride|cosela|G1T28|G1T28-1|GB3RG-28-1 5443 pretomanid Pretomanid Tablet is a nitroimidazooxazine antimycobacterial drug. Pretomanid kills actively replicating M. tuberculosis by inhibiting mycolic acid biosynthesis, thereby blocking cell wall production. Under anaerobic conditions, against non-replicating bacteria, pretomanid acts as a respiratory poison following nitric oxide release casimersen|amondys 45|SRP-4045 5444 entrectinib Entrectinib is an inhibitor of the tropomyosin receptor tyrosine kinases (TRK) TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC (encoded by the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase [NTRK] genes NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, respectively), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS1 (ROS1), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). fosdenopterin|fosdenopterin hydrobromide|GH-135|nulibry|ALXN1101|fosdenopterin hydrobromide dihydrate 5445 upadacitinib Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. JAKs are intracellular enzymes which transmit signals arising from cytokine or growth factor-receptor interactions on the cellular membrane to influence cellular processes of hematopoiesis and immune cell function. Within the signaling pathway, JAKs phosphorylate and activate Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) which modulate intracellular activity including gene expression. Upadacitinib modulates the signaling pathway at the point of JAKs, preventing the phosphorylation and activation of STATs. melphalan flufenamide|melphalan flufenamide hydrochloride|pepaxto|melflufen|J1|CK 1535 5446 fedratinib Fedratinib is an oral kinase inhibitor with activity against wild type and mutationally activated Janus Associated Kinase 2 (JAK2) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). Fedratinib is a JAK2-selective inhibitor with higher inhibitory activity for JAK2 over family members JAK1, JAK3 and TYK2. Abnormal activation of JAK2 is associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), including myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera. ponesimod|ponvory|ACT-128800 5447 lefamulin XENLETA is a semi-synthetic antibacterial agent for oral and intravenous administration. Lefamulin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through interactions (hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and Van der Waals forces) with the A- and P-sites of the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) in domain V of the 23s rRNA of the 50S subunit. The binding pocket of the bacterial ribosome closes around the mutilin core for an induced fit that prevents correct positioning of tRNA. dasiglucagon|dasiglucagon hydrochloride|zegalogue|ZP4207 5449 tenapanor IBSRELA (tenapanor) tablets contain tenapanor hydrochloride as an active ingredient. Tenapanor hydrochloride is a sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) inhibitor for oral use, an antiporter expressed on the apical surface of the small intestine and colon primarily responsible for the absorption of dietary sodium. In vitro and animal studies indicate its major metabolite, M1, is not active against NHE3. By inhibiting NHE3 on the apical surface of the enterocytes, tenapanor reduces absorption of sodium from the small intestine and colon, resulting in an increase in water secretion into the intestinal lumen, which accelerates intestinal transit time and results in a softer stool consistency. evinacumab|evinacumab-dgnb|evkeeza|REGN1500 545 fepradinol cefoselis|wincef|cefoselis sulfate 5450 trifarotene AKLIEF Cream for topical administration contains 0.005% (50 mcg/g) trifarotene. Trifarotene is a terphenyl acid derivative and is a retinoid. Trifarotene is an agonist of retinoic acid receptors (RAR), with particular activity at the gamma subtype of RAR. Stimulation of RAR results in modulation of target genes which are associated with various processes, including cell differentiation and mediation of inflammation. The exact process by which trifarotene ameliorates acne is unknown. estetrol|nextstellis|estetrol anhydrous|estetrol monohydrate 5451 lasmiditan Reyvow (lasmiditan) is a serotonin (5-HT) 1F receptor agonist for oral administration, bindinding with high affinity to the 5-HT1F receptor. Lasmiditan presumably exerts its therapeutic effects in the treatment of migraine through agonist effects at the 5-HT1F receptor; however, the precise mechanism is unknown. dostarlimab|dostarlimab-gxly|jemperli|TSR-042|WBP-285 5452 cefiderocol Cefiderocol is a cephalosporin antibacterial with activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Cefiderocol functions as a siderophore and binds to extracellular free ferric iron. In addition to passive diffusion via porin channels, cefiderocol is actively transported across the outer cell membrane of bacteria into the periplasmic space using a siderophore iron uptake mechanism. Cefiderocol exerts bactericidal action by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis through binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) loncastuximab tesirine|loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl|zynlonta|ADCT-402 5453 zanubrutinib BRUKINSA (zanubrutinib) is a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. Zanubrutinib forms a covalent bond with a cysteine residue in the BTK active site, leading to inhibition of BTK activity. BTK is a signaling molecule of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and cytokine receptor pathways. In B-cells, BTK signaling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis, and adhesion. In nonclinical studies, zanubrutinib inhibited malignant B-cell proliferation and reduced tumor growth. bamlanivimab|LY-CoV555|LY3819253 5454 givosiran Givosiran is a double-stranded small interfering RNA that causes degradation of aminolevulinate synthase1 (ALAS1) mRNA in hepatocytes through RNA interference, reducing the elevated levels of liver ALAS1 mRNA. This leads to reduced circulating levels of neurotoxic intermediates aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG), factors associated with attacks and other disease manifestations of AHP. etesevimab|LY-CoV016|LY3832479|JS016|CB6|NP005 5455 cenobamate The precise mechanism by which cenobamate exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with partial-onset seizures is unknown. Cenobamate has been demonstrated to reduce repetitive neuronal firing by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium currents. It is also a positive allosteric modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) ion channel. casirivimab|REGN10933|regen-cov|ronapreve 5456 voxelotor Voxelotor is a hemoglobin S (HbS) polymerization inhibitor that binds to HbS with a 1:1 stoichiometry and exhibits preferential partitioning to red blood cells (RBCs). By increasing the affinity of Hb for oxygen, voxelotor demonstrates dose-dependent inhibition of HbS polymerization. Nonclinical studies suggest that voxelotor may inhibit RBC sickling, improve RBC deformability, and reduce whole blood viscosity. imdevimab|REGN10987 5458 golodirsen Golodirsen is an antisense oligonucleotide of the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) subclass. It is designed to bind to exon 53 of dystrophin pre-mRNA resulting in exclusion of this exon during mRNA processing in patients with genetic mutations that are amenable to exon 53 skipping. Exon 53 skipping is intended to allow for production of an internally truncated dystrophin protein in patients with genetic mutations that are amenable to exon 53 skipping. piflufolastat F-18|pylarify 5459 lumateperone The mechanism of action of lumateperone in the treatment of schizophrenia is unknown. However, the efficacy of lumateperone could be mediated through a combination of antagonist activity at central serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and postsynaptic antagonist activity at central dopamine D2 receptors. infigratinib|infigratinib phosphate|truseltiq|BGJ-398|NVP-BGJ398 546 bamethan cefotaxime|cefotaxime sodium|cephotaxime|cefotaxime sodium salt 5460 brilliant Blue G Brilliant Blue G has been shown to selectively stain the ILM, but not the epiretinal membrane nor the retina, making it easier to visualize the membrane for removal, although the exact mechanism of this selectivity has not been elucidated. samidorphan|samidorphan L-malate|lybalvi|ALKS-33 5461 lemborexant The mechanism of action of lemborexant in the treatment of insomnia is presumed to be through antagonism of orexin receptors. The orexin neuropeptide signaling system plays a role in wakefulness. Blocking the binding of wake-promoting neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B to receptors OX1R and OX2R is thought to suppress wake drive. sotorasib|lumakras|AMG510 5462 ubrogepant Ubrogepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist. ibrexafungerp|ibrexafungerp citrate|brexafemme|SCY-078|MK-3118 5463 romosozumab Romosozumab-aqqg is a humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG2) produced in a mammalian cell line (Chinese Hamster Ovary) by recombinant DNA technology that binds to and inhibits the action of sclerostin, a regulatory factor in bone metabolism. Romosozumab increases bone formation and, to a lesser extent, decreases bone resorption. Animal studies showed that romosozumab-aqqg stimulates new bone formation on trabecular and cortical bone surfaces by stimulating osteoblastic activity resulting in increases in trabecular and cortical bone mass and improvements in bone structure and strength. amivantamab|amivantamab-vmjw|rybrevant|JNJ-6372|JNJ 61186372|CNTO4424 5464 brolucizumab Brolucizumab-dbll is a humanized monoclonal single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragmentand a human VEGF inhibitor. Brolucizumab binds to the three major isoforms of VEGF-A (e.g., VEGF110, VEGF121, and VEGF165), thereby preventing interaction with receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. By inhibiting VEGF-A, brolucizumab suppresses endothelial cell proliferation, neovascularization, and vascular permeability. aducanumab|aducanumab-avwa|aduhelm|BIIB037 5465 luspatercept Luspatercept-aamt is a receptor fusion protein consisting of a modified extracellular domain of the human activin receptor type IIB linked to a human IgG1 Fc domain with a calculated molecular mass of approximately 76 kD. Luspatercept is produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells by recombinant DNA technology. It binds several endogenous TGF-beta superfamily ligands, thereby diminishing Smad2/3 signaling. Luspatercept-aamt promoted erythroid maturation through differentiation of late-stage erythroid precursors (normoblasts) in mice. In a model of beta-thalassemia, luspatercept-aamt decreased abnormally elevated Smad2/3 signaling and improved hematology parameters associated with ineffective erythropoiesis in mice. finerenone|kerendia|BAY 94-8862 5466 crizanlizumab Crizanlizumab-tmca is a humanized IgG2 kappa monoclonal antibody that binds to P-selectin and blocks interactions with its ligands including P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1. Binding P-selectin on the surface of the activated endothelium and platelets blocks interactions between endothelial cells, platelets, red blood cells, and leukocytes. fexinidazole|HOE 239|fexinidazole winthrop 5467 enfortumab vedotin Enfortumab vedotin-ejfv is an ADC. The antibody is a human IgG1 directed against Nectin-4, an adhesion protein located on the surface of cells. The small molecule, MMAE, is a microtubule-disrupting agent, attached to the antibody via a protease-cleavable linker. Nonclinical data suggest that the anticancer activity of enfortumab vedotin-ejfv is due to the binding of the ADC to Nectin-4-expressing cells, followed by internalization of the ADC-Nectin-4 complex, and the release of MMAE via proteolytic cleavage. Release of MMAE disrupts the microtubule network within the cell, subsequently inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. belumosudil|belumosudil mesylate|rezurock|KD025|SLx-2119 5469 trastuzumab deruxtecan Fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki is a HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate. The antibody is a humanized anti-HER2 IgG1. The small molecule, DXd, is a topoisomerase I inhibitor attached to the antibody by a cleavable linker. Following binding to HER2 on tumor cells, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki undergoes internalization and intracellular linker cleavage by lysosomal enzymes. Upon release, the membrane-permeable DXd causes DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. belzutifan|welireg|MK-6482|PT2977 547 talipexole dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source cefotetan|cefotetan disodium|apacef 5470 botulinum toxin type A Botulinum toxin type A (Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin) blocks peripheral acetylcholine release at presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals by cleaving SNAP-25, a protein integral to the successful docking and release of acetylcholine from vesicles situated within the nerve endings, thereby leading to denervation of the muscle and a flaccid paralysis. difelikefalin|difelikefalin acetate|korsuva|CR845|FE202845|MR13A9|kapruvia 5474 lascufloxacin Lascufloxacin has strong antibacterial activity against the primary causative bacteria of community-acquired respiratory infections and also exhibits good activity against streptococci and anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity, which have attracted attention recently as the causative bacterial of community-acquired pneumonia. Meanwhile, its penetration to the tissue of the lungs, ear, nose and throatis is good, and even at small doses, it maintains an effective drug concentration in infected tissue and demonstrates a high level of therapeutic effectiveness. anifrolumab|anifrolumab-fnia|saphnelo|MEDI-546|anifrolumab (genetical recombination) 5475 roxadustat Roxadustat is a first-in-class orally administered inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolylhydroxylase that corrects anemia by activating a response that occurs naturally when the body responds to reduced oxygen levels in the blood. The response activated by roxadustat involves the regulation of multiple, complementary processes to promote erythropoiesis and increase the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. avalglucosidase alfa|avalglucosidase alfa-ngpt|nexviazyme|GZ402666|neoGAA 5476 elexacaftor Elexacaftor and tezacaftor bind to different sites on the CFTR protein and have an additive effect in facilitating the cellular processing and trafficking of F508del-CFTR to increase the amount of CFTR protein delivered to the cell surface compared to either molecule alone. Ivacaftor potentiates the channel open probability (or gating) of the CFTR protein at the cell surface. The combined effect of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor is increased quantity and function of F508del-CFTR at the cell surface, resulting in increased CFTR activity as measured by CFTR mediated chloride transport. lonapegsomatropin|lonapegsomatropin-tcgd|skytrofa|ACP-011|TransConPEG hGh|rhGH-PEG 5477 air polymer-type A ExEm Foam (air polymer-type A) intrauterine foam is formed by mixing the clear Gel [polymer-type A (hydoxyethyl cellulose), glycerin, and purified water] with air and Sterile Purified Water, creating an echogenic contrast agent. When visualized with ultrasound, the foam appears echogenic or bright within the fallopian tubes and peritoneal cavity. tisotumab vedotin|tisotumab vedotin-tftv|tivdak|HuMax-TF-ADC 5478 turoctocog alfa pegol Turoctocog alfa pegol is a purified recombinant human factor VIII (rFVIII) product with a 40 kDa polyethylene-glycol (PEG) conjugated to the protein. The PEG is attached to the O-linked glycan in the truncated B-domain of rFVIII (turoctocog alfa). The mechanism of action of turoctocog alfa pegolis based on the replacement of the deficient or absent factor VIII in patients with haemophilia A.When turoctocog alfa pegol is activated by thrombin at the site of injury, the B-domain containing the PEG moiety and the a3-region are cleaved off, thus generating activated recombinant factor VIII (rFVIIIa) which is similar in structure to native factor VIIIa. bimekizumab|bimzelx|UCB4940|bimekizumab (genetical recombination) 548 tolonidine cefotiam|cefotiam hydrochloride|cefotiam HCl 5480 cepharanthine The mechanism of action of cepharanthine is multifactorial. The drug exerts membrane effects (modulation of efflux pumps, membrane rigidification) as well as different intracellular and nuclear effects. Cepharanthine interferes with several metabolic axes, primarily with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and NFkappaB signaling pathways. In particular, the anti-inflammatory effects of cepharanthine rely on AMPK activation and NFkappaB inhibition. vosoritide|voxzogo|BMN111|vosoritide (genetical recombination) 5481 remdesivir Remdesivir is an investigational nucleotide analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Remdesivir has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity in animal models against the viral pathogens MERS and SARS, which are also coronaviruses and are structurally similar to COVID-19. The limited preclinical data on remdesivir in MERS and SARS indicate that remdesivir may have potential activity against COVID-19. The only direct-acting antiviral (DAA) currently approved by FDA for the treatment of COVID-19 in certain populations. peficitinib|peficitinib hydrobromide|smyraf|ASP015K|JNJ-54781532 5482 molnupiravir EIDD-1931 has broad spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and related zoonotic group 2b or 2c Bat-CoVs, as well as increased potency against a coronavirus bearing resistance mutations to the nucleoside analog inhibitor remdesivir upacicalcet|upacicalcet sodium hydrate|upasita 5483 mefuparib Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors imeglimin|imeglimin hydrochloride|twymeeg 5484 avapritinib Avapritinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets PDGFRA and PDGFRA D842 mutants as well as multiple KIT exon 11, 11/17 and 17 mutants with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) less than 25 nM. Certain mutations in PDGFRA and KIT can result in the autophosphorylation and constitutive activation of these receptors which can contribute to tumor cell proliferation. Other potential targets for avapritinib include wild type KIT, PDGFRB, and CSFR1. teceleukin|teceleukin (genetical recombination)|imunace|BG 8301|bioleukin|S-6820 5485 tazemetostat Tazemetostat is an inhibitor of the methyltransferase, EZH2, and some EZH2 gain-of-function mutations including Y646X and A687V. Tazemetostat also inhibited EZH1 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 392 nM, approximately 36 times higher than the IC50 for inhibition of EZH2 potassium sulfate|sulfuric acid potassium salt|potasium sulfate hydratea 5486 rimegepant Rimegepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist molidustat|molidustat sodium|musredo|BAY 85-3934 5487 bempedoic acid Bempedoic acid is an adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor that lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the liver. ACL is an enzyme upstream of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Bempedoic acid and its active metabolite, ESP15228, require coenzyme A (CoA) activation by very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSVL1) to ETC-1002-CoA and ESP15228-CoA, respectively. ACSVL1 is expressed primarily in the liver. Inhibition of ACL by ETC-1002-CoA results in decreased cholesterol synthesis in the liver and lowers LDL-C in blood via upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptors anamorelin|anamorelin hydrochloride|adlumiz|ONO-7643|ST-1291|RC-1291 5488 ozanimod Ozanimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that binds with high affinity to S1P receptors 1 and 5. Ozanimod blocks the capacity of lymphocytes to egress from lymph nodes, reducing the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The mechanism by which ozanimod exerts therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis is unknown but may involve the reduction of lymphocyte migration into the central nervous system pabinafusp alfa|pabinafusp alfa (genetical recombination)|izcargo|JR-141 5489 osilodrostat Osilodrostat is a cortisol synthesis inhibitor. It inhibits 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), the enzyme responsible for the final step of cortisol biosynthesis in the adrenal gland diclofenac etalhyaluronate sodium|joycle|SI-613|ONO 5704|ONO-5704/SI-613 549 phanquinone cefotiam hexetil|cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride|cefotiam hexetil HCl 5490 isatuximab Isatuximab-irfc is an IgG1-derived monoclonal antibody that binds to CD38 expressed on the surface of hematopoietic and tumor cells, including multiple myeloma cells. Isatuximab-irfc induces apoptosis of tumor cells and activation of immune effector mechanisms including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Isatuximab-irfc inhibits the ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity of CD38. Isatuximab-irfc can activate natural killer (NK) cells in the absence of CD38-positive target tumor cells and suppresses CD38-positive T-regulatory cells. The combination of isatuximab-irfc and pomalidomide enhanced ADCC activity and direct tumor cell killing compared to that of isatuximab-irfc alone in vitro, and enhanced antitumor activity compared to the activity of isatuximab-irfc or pomalidomide alone in a human multiple myeloma xenograft model esaxerenone|minnebro|CS-3150|XL-550 5491 eptinezumab Eptinezumab-jjmr is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ligand and blocks its binding to the receptor mirogabalin|mirogabalin besilate|tarlige|DS 5565 5492 teprotumumab Teprotumumab-trbw’s mechanism of action in patients with Thyroid Eye Disease has not been fully characterized. Teprotumumab-trbw binds to IGF-1R and blocks its activation and signaling idursulfase beta|idursulfase beta (genetical recombination)|hunterase 5493 selumetinib Selumetinib is an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2). MEK1/2 proteins are upstream regulators of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. Both MEK and ERK are critical components of the RAS-regulated RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, which is often activated in different types of cancers daridorexant|quviviq|daridorexant hydrochloride|ACT-541468|nemorexant 5494 tucatinib Tucatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of HER2. In vitro, tucatinib inhibits phosphorylation of HER2 and HER3, resulting in inhibition of downstream MAPK and AKT signaling and cell proliferation, and showed anti-tumor activity in HER2 expressing tumor cells. In vivo, tucatinib inhibited the growth of HER2 expressing tumors. The combination of tucatinib and trastuzumab showed increased anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo compared to either drug alone avacopan|tavneos|CCX168 5495 pemigatinib Pemigatinib inhibited FGFR1-3 phosphorylation and signaling and decreased cell viability in cancer cell lines with activating FGFR amplifications and fusions that resulted in constitutive activation of FGFR signaling. asciminib|asciminib hydrochloride|scemblix|ABL-001|ABL-001-NX|ABL001-AAA 55 cysteine A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE. acetarsol|acetarsone|acetphenarsine|arsaphen 550 aprobarbital cefoxitin|cefoxitin sodium|cephoxitin|cefoxitin sodium salt 552 naphazoline An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant. cefpiramide sodium|cefpiramide 553 altretamine The precise mechanism by which altretamine capsules exerts its cytotoxic effect is unknown, although a number of theoretical possibilities have been studied. Structurally, altretamine capsules resembles the alkylating agent triethylenemelamine, yet in vitro tests for alkylating activity of altretamine capsules and its metabolites have been negative. Altretamine capsules has been demonstrated to be efficacious for certain ovarian tumors resistant to classical alkylating agents. Metabolism of altretamine is a requirement for cytotoxicity. Synthetic monohydroxymethylmelamines, and products of altretamine metabolism, in vitro and in vivo, can form covalent adducts with tissue macromolecules including DNA, but the relevance of these reactions to antitumor activity is unknown. cefpirome sulfate|cefpirome|cefrom 554 phosphocreatine An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996) 555 nicorandil A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase. cefpodoxime proxetil|cefpodoxime acid|cefodox|cefoprox|cephpodoxime proxetil|cepodem 556 methyldopa An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent. cefprozil|cefprozile|cephprozyl|cefprozil hydrate 557 melevodopa CGP-9000|CGP 9000|cefroxadin|cefroxadine 558 zalcitabine A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. cefsulodin monosodium|cefsulodin|cefsulodin sodium|cefsulodin sodium salt 559 milrinone A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone. ceftazidime hydrate|ceftazidime|biotum|cefazid|ceftacidin|ceftazidine|tazicef|tazidime|ceftazidime sodium|ceftazidime pentahydrate 5595 sacituzumab govitecan Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy is a Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate. Sacituzumab is a humanized antibody that recognizes Trop-2. The small molecule, SN-38, is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, which is covalently attached to the antibody by a linker. Pharmacology data suggest that sacituzumab govitecan-hziy binds to Trop-2-expressing cancer cells and is internalized with the subsequent release of SN-38 via hydrolysis of the linker. SN-38 interacts with topoisomerase I and prevents re-ligation of topoisomerase I-induced single strand breaks. The resulting DNA damage leads to apoptosis and cell death. Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy decreased tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of triple-negative breast cancer oxibendazole|NSC-758459|SK&F-30310|athelcide eq 5596 capmatinib Capmatinib is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have a mutation that leads to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping as detected by an FDA-approved test. pegbovigrastim|imrestor|LY2953726 5597 selpercatinib Selpercatinib is a kinase inhibitor. Selpercatinib inhibited wild-type RET and multiple mutated RET isoforms as well as VEGFR1 and VEGFR3 with IC50 values ranging from 0.92 nM to 67.8 nM. In other enzyme assays, selpercatinib also inhibited FGFR 1, 2, and 3 at higher concentrations that were still clinically achievable. In cellular assays, selpercatinib inhibited RET at approximately 60-fold lower concentrations than FGFR1 and 2 and approximately 8-fold lower concentration than VEGFR3 phenothiazine|NSC-2037 5598 ripretinib Ripretinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) and platelet derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) kinase, including wild type, primary, and secondary mutations. Ripretinib also inhibits other kinases in vitro, such as PDGFRB, TIE2, VEGFR2, and BRAF balsam peru oil 5599 fluoroestradiol F 18 Fluoroestradiol F 18 binds ER and it is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The following binding affinity: Kd = 0.13 ± 0.02 nM, Bmax = 1901 ± 89 fmol/mg, and IC50 = 0.085 nM, was determined in an ER-positive human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Fluoroestradiol F 18 is indicated for characterization of estrogen receptor status of known or suspected metastatic lesions in patients with confirmed ER-positive breast cancer. phosmet 56 nicotinamide An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. acetazolamide|acetamox|acetazolamid|cidamex|nephramide|acetazolamide sodium 560 levisoprenaline cefteram pivoxil|tomiron 5600 flortaucipir F 18 Flortaucipir F 18 is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the brain to estimate the density and distribution of aggregated tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in adult patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It binds to aggregated tau protein. In the brains of patients with AD, tau aggregates combine to form NFTs, one of two components required for the neuropathological diagnosis of AD. In vitro, flortaucipir F 18 binds to paired helical filament (PHF) tau purified from brain homogenates of donors with AD. The dissociation constant (Kd) of flortaucipir F 18 binding to PHFs is 0.57 nM. In vivo, flortaucipir F 18 is differentially retained in neocortical areas that contain aggregated tau. In vitro, tritiated flortaucipir has been reported to bind with low nanomolar affinity to monoamine oxidase-A and monoamine oxidase-B, which could contribute to off target binding pirlimycin|pirlimycin hydrochloride 5601 inebilizumab Inebilizumab-cdon is a CD19-directed humanized afucosylated IgG1 monoclonal antibody produced by recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell suspension culture. The precise mechanism by which inebilizumab-cdon exerts its therapeutic effects in NMOSD is unknown but is presumed to involve binding to CD19, a cell surface antigen presents on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes. Following cell surface binding to B lymphocytes, inebilizumab-cdon results in antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis (ADCC). luteinizing hormone|pituitary luteinizing hormone|menotropins (LH) 5602 lurbinectedin Lurbinectedin is an alkylating drug that binds guanine residues in the minor groove of DNA, forming adducts and resulting in a bending of the DNA helix towards the major groove. Adduct formation triggers a cascade of events that can affect the subsequent activity of DNA binding proteins, including some transcription factors, and DNA repair pathways, resulting in perturbation of the cell cycle and eventual cell death. poloxalene 5603 triheptanoin Triheptanoin is a medium-chain triglyceride consisting of three odd-chain 7-carbon length fatty acids (heptanoate) that provide a source of calories and fatty acids to bypass the long-chain FAOD enzyme deficiencies for energy production and replacement bambermycin|bambermycins 5604 remimazolam Remimazolam is a benzodiazepine and it binds to brain benzodiazepine sites (gamma amino butyric acid type A [GABAA] receptors), while its carboxylic acid metabolite (CNS7054) has a 300 times lower affinity for the receptor. Remimazolam, like other benzodiazepines, did not show clear selectivity between subtypes of the GABAA receptor. ponazuril|toltrazuril sulfone|BAY-VI-9143 5605 fostemsavir Fostemsavir is a prodrug without significant biochemical or antiviral activity that is hydrolyzed to the active moiety, temsavir, which is an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor. Temsavir binds directly to the gp120 subunit within the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 and selectively inhibits the interaction between the virus and cellular CD4 receptors, thereby preventing attachment. Additionally, temsavir can inhibit gp120-dependent post-attachment steps required for viral entry into host cells. porcine pituitary-derived follicle stimulating hormone 5606 inqovi Cedazuridine inhibits cytidine deaminase (CDA), an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of cytidine, including the cytidine analog decitabine (a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor). Because high levels of CDA in the gastrointestinal tract and liver degrade decitabine and limit its oral bioavailability, administration of cedazuridine with decitabine increases systemic exposure of decitabine. Inqovi is a combination of decitabine and cedazuridine for treatment of adult patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). pradofloxacin|veraflox 5607 abametapir Abametapir is a metalloproteinase inhibitor. Metalloproteinases have a role in physiological processes critical to egg development and survival of lice. beta-aminopropionitrile|3-aminopropionitrile 5608 tafasitamab Tafasitamab-cxix is an Fc-modified monoclonal antibody that binds to CD19 antigen expressed on the surface of pre-B and mature B lymphocytes and on several B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Upon binding to CD19, tafasitamab-cxix mediates B-cell lysis through apoptosis and immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). propionylpromazine|propiopromazine|propiopromazine hydrochloride 5609 belantamab mafodotin Belantamab mafodotin-blmf is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). The antibody component is an afucosylated IgG1 directed against BCMA, a protein expressed on normal B lymphocytes and multiple myeloma cells. The small molecule component is MMAF, a microtubule inhibitor. Upon binding to BCMA, belantamab mafodotin-blmf is internalized followed by release of MMAF via proteolytic cleavage. The released MMAF intracellularly disrupts the microtubule network, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. prostalene|RS-9390|synchorcept 561 methoxamine An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION. ceftezole|ceftezol|ceftezole sodium|demethylcefazolin|demethyl cefazolin 5610 oliceridine Oliceridine is a full opioid agonist and is relatively selective for the mu-opioid receptor. The principal therapeutic action of oliceridine is analgesia. Like all full opioid agonists, there is no ceiling effect to analgesia for oliceridine. Clinically, dosage is titrated to provide adequate analgesia and may be limited by adverse reactions, including respiratory, and CNS depression. The precise mechanism of the analgesic action is unknown. However, specific CNS opioid receptors for endogenous compounds with opioid-like activity have been identified throughout the brain and spinal cord and are thought to play a role in the analgesic effects of this drug. rabacfosadine|GS-9219|VDC-1101 5611 risdiplam Risdiplam is a survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) splicing modifier designed to treat patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) caused by mutations in chromosome 5q that lead to SMN protein deficiency. Using in vitro assays and studies in transgenic animal models of SMA, risdiplam was shown to increase exon 7 inclusion in SMN2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts and production of full-length SMN protein in the brain. ractopamine|ractopamine hydrochloride 5612 viltolarsen Viltolarsen is an antisense oligonucleotide indicated for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in patients. It is designed to bind to exon 53 of dystrophin pre-mRNA resulting in exclusion of this exon during mRNA processing in patients with genetic mutations that are amenable to exon 53 skipping. Exon 53 skipping is intended to allow for production of an internally truncated dystrophin protein in patients with genetic mutations that are amenable to exon 53 skipping. robenacoxib|CGS 34975|onsior 5613 satralizumab Satralizumab-mwge is a recombinant humanized anti-human interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody based on a human IgG2 framework. It is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in adult patients. The precise mechanism by which satralizumab-mwge exerts therapeutic effects in NMOSD is unknown but is presumed to involve inhibition of IL-6-mediated signaling through binding to soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors. robenidine|robenidine hydrochloride 5614 clascoterone Clascoterone is an androgen receptor inhibitor. The mechanism of action of Winlevi cream for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris is unknown. romifidine|sedivet|romifidine hydrochloride 5615 copper dotatate Cu-64 Copper Cu-64 dotatate is a radioactive diagnostic drug. It binds to somatostatin receptors with highest affinity for subtype 2 receptors (SSTR2). It binds to cells that express somatostatin receptors including malignant neuroendocrine cells, which overexpress SSTR2 receptors. Copper Cu 64 is a positron (beta+) emitting radionuclide with an emission yield that allows positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. salinomycin|procoxacin|salinomycin sodium 5616 pralsetinib Pralsetinib is a kinase inhibitor of wild-type RET and oncogenic RET fusions (CCDC6-RET) and mutations (RET V804L, RET V804M and RET M918T) with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) less than 0.5 nM. In purified enzyme assays, pralsetinib inhibited DDR1, TRKC, FLT3, JAK1-2, TRKA, VEGFR2, PDGFRb, and FGFR1 at higher concentrations that were still clinically achievable at Cmax. In cellular assays, pralsetinib inhibited RET at approximately 14-, 40-, and 12-fold lower concentrations than VEGFR2, FGFR2, and JAK2, respectively. sarolaner|PF-6450567|simparica 5617 somapacitan Somapacitan-beco is a human growth hormone (hGH) analog. It binds to a dimeric GH receptor in the cell membrane of target cells resulting in intracellular signal transduction and a host of pharmacodynamic effects. Some of these pharmacodynamic effects are primarily mediated by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) produced in the liver, while others are primarily a consequence of the direct effects of somapacitan-beco. selamectin|UK-124114|revolution 5618 lonafarnib Lonafarnib inhibits farnesyltransferase to prevent farnesylation and subsequent accumulation of progerin and progerin-like proteins in the inner nuclear membrane. semduramicin|UK-61689|semduramicin sodium 5619 lumasiran Lumasiran is a hydroxyacid oxidase 1 (HAO1)-directed double-stranded small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), covalently linked to a ligand containing N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). It reduces levels of glycolate oxidase (GO) enzyme by targeting the HAO1 gene messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in hepatocytes through RNA interference. Decreased GO enzyme levels reduce the amount of available glyoxylate, a substrate for oxalate production. As the GO enzyme is upstream of the deficient alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) enzyme that causes PH1, the mechanism of action of lumasiran is independent of the underlying AGXT gene mutation. sulfachloropyrazine|sodium sulfachloropyrazine|ESB-3|sulfatyf|sodium sulfachloropyrazine monohydrate 562 orciprenaline A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM. ceftibuten|ceftibuten dihydrate|cedax 5620 setmelanotide Setmelanotide is an 8 amino acid cyclic peptide analog of endogenous melanocortin peptide alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone). It is a melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor agonist, with 20-fold less activity at the melanocortin 3 (MC3) and melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptors. sulfabromomethazine|NSC-5874|sulfabromomethazine sodium 5621 bulevirtide Bulevirtide is an antiviral medicine used to treat chronic (long-term) hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in adults with compensated liver disease (when the liver is damaged but is still able to work), when the presence of viral RNA (genetic material) has been confirmed by blood tests. Bulevirtide blocks the entry of HBV and HDV into hepatocytes by binding to and inactivating NTCP, a bile salt liver transporter serving as essential HBV/HDV entry receptor. sulfaethoxypyridazine|BRN 0286161 5622 imlifidase Imlifidase is a cysteine protease derived from the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes that cleaves the heavy chains of all human IgG subclasses but no other immunoglobulins. The cleavage of IgG leads to elimination of Fc-dependent effector functions, including CDC and antibody- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). By cleaving all IgG, imlifidase reduces the level of DSA, thus enabling transplantation. sulfaquinoxaline|sulfaquinoxaline sodium 5623 filgotinib Filgotinib is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive and reversible inhibitor of the JAK family. JAKs are intracellular enzymes which transmit signals arising from cytokine or growth factor-receptor interactions on the cellular membrane. JAK1 is important in mediating inflammatory cytokine signals, JAK2 in mediating myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis and JAK3 plays critical roles in immune homeostasis and lymphopoiesis. Within the signalling pathway, JAKs phosphorylate and activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) which modulate intracellular activity including gene expression. Filgotinib modulates these signalling pathways by preventing the phosphorylation and activation of STATs. sulfomyxin 5624 vadadustat Vadadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor induces endogenous erythropoietin synthesis and enhances iron mobilization. tepoxalin 5625 daprodustat Daprodustat is a small molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) developed for the treatment of anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of PHD prevents degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), leading to the production of erythropoietin and subsequent induction of erythropoiesis. thenium closylate 5626 borofalan (10B) Borofalan is a boron compound, namely phenylalanine labeled with 10B (an isotope of boron). Phenylalanine is an amino acid essential for the growth of tumor cells. It has been suggested that the compound accumulatesin tumor cells, mediated by L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT-1), an amino acid transporter highly expressed in multiple types of carcinomas including head and neck cancer. Borofalan alone does not inhibit tumor growth, whereas upon irradiation of neutron beams from outside the body, 10B atoms incorporated in tumorcells capture neutrons, resulting in the release of alpha rays and lithium nuclei generated by nuclear reaction, exhibiting a tumor growth-inhibitory effect. bismuth subcarbonate 5627 tirabrutinib hydrochloride Tirabrutinib is a potent and selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that irreversibly and covalently binds to BTK Cys-481 in B cells and inhibits aberrant B cell receptor signalling in B cell-related cancers and autoimmune diseases. thiostrepton 5628 tepotinib Tepotinib is a MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor) tyrosine kinase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of solid tumours. It selectively binds to MET and inhibits MET phosphorylation disrupting the oncogenic MET receptor signalling caused by MET gene alterations, including both MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping alterations and MET protein overexpression. This results in cell death in tumour cells overexpressing MET protein or expressing constitutively activated MET protein. tiamulin|tiamulin hydrogen fumarate 5629 dotinurad Dotinurad, a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor, reduces serum uric acid levels by selectively inhibiting urate transporter 1 (URAT1), which is expressed on the proximal renal tubules and is responsible for reabsorption of uric acid. tildipirosin 563 isoprenaline Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant. ceftizoxime sodium|ceftizoxime|ceftisomin|epocelin 5630 delgocitinib Delgocitinib, a janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is being approved for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. Delgocitinib inhibited the activation of inflammatory cells, such as T cells, B cells, monocytes and mast cells, in vitro and inhibited Th1-, Th2- and Th17-type cytokine production from both T cells and non-T cells. tiletamine|tiletamine hydrochloride 5631 enarodustat Enarodustat is an orally active inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor-proly hydroxylase (HIF-PH) being developed for the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). boldenone undecylenate|boldenone undecenoate|boldenone 10-undecenoate|BA-29038|equipoise 5632 sofpironium bromide Sofpironium bromide gel is a topical anticholinergic agent developed for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. The drug is designed to reduce sweating by inhibiting M3 muscarinic receptors in eccrine glands at the application site. tilmicosin|tilmicosin phosphate 5633 gallium (68Ga) gozetotide Ga-68 PSMA-11 is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive lesions in men with prostate cancer. Ga-68 PSMA-11 binds to cells that express PSMA, including malignant prostate cancer cells, which usually overexpress PSMA. tioxidazole 5634 berotralstat Berotralstat is a plasma kallikrein inhibitor that binds to plasma kallikrein and inhibits its proteolytic activity. Plasma kallikrein is a protease that cleaves high-molecular-weight-kininogen (HMWK) to generate cleaved HMWK (cHMWK) and bradykinin, a potent vasodilator that increases vascular permeability resulting in swelling and pain associated with HAE. In patients with HAE due to C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency or dysfunction, normal regulation of plasma kallikrein activity is not present, which leads to uncontrolled increases in plasma kallikrein activity and results in angioedema attacks. Berotralstat decreases plasma kallikrein activity to control excess bradykinin generation in patients with HAE. toceranib|PHA-291639|palladia|toceranib phosphate 5635 tirbanibulin Tirbanibulin is a microtubule inhibitor developed for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis. The mechanism of action is not fully understood. However, it is known that tirbanibulin inhibits proliferation of keratinocytes through inhibition of tubulin polymerization and disruption of Src tyrosine kinase signaling. This results in disruption of the intracellular microtubule network, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of keratinocytes. toluene 564 dioxethedrin ceftriaxone sodium hydrate|ceftriaxone|biotrakson|rocefin|rocephalin|rophex|ceftriaxone sodium 565 varenicline A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION. cefuroxime|biofuroxim|cefaloxime|cefasyn|cefuroxim|cefuroxime acid|cephuroxime|cefuroxime sodium|cefuroxime sodium salt 566 pramipexole A dopamine agonist that binds with high selectivity and specificity to the D2 subfamily of dopamine receptors of which it has a preferential affinity to D3 receptors, and has full intrinsic activity. Pramipexole alleviates parkinsonian motor deficits by stimulation of dopamine receptors in the striatum. Animal studies have shown that pramipexole inhibits dopamine synthesis, release, and turnover. cefuroxime axetil|cefazine|altacef|ceftin|cefurax|oraxim 567 chlorthenoxazine cefuroxime pivoxetil 568 mefenorex celecoxib|celebrex|celecox|celocoxib|onsenal 569 zonisamide an antiseizure drug chemically classified as a sulfonamide and unrelated to other antiseizure agents, blocks sodium channels and reduces voltage-dependent, transient inward currents (T-type Ca2+ currents), consequently stabilizing neuronal membranes and suppressing neuronal hypersynchronization celiprolol|DL-Celiprolol|selectol|celiprolol hydrochloride|celiprolol HCl|celiprolol monohydrochloride 57 nicotinic acid A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. dymelor|acetohexamide|acetohexamid 570 felbinac an anti-inflammatory/analgesic agent which has been developed into a topical gel for local treatment and pain and inflammation associated with conditions of the musculo-skeletal system centchroman|ormeloxifene|ormeloxifen|centron 571 benzyl benzoate cefalexin hydrochloride|cephalexin|cefalexin|cephacillin|cephalexin anhydrous|cephalexin hydrochloride|cephalexin hydrate|cefalexin HCl|cephalexin HCl 572 butobarbital Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) cephaloglycin|cefaloglycin|cefaloglycine|cephaloglycine|kefglycin|kafocin 573 secbutabarbital Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital cephaloridine|cefaloridine|cefaloridin|cephalomycine 5735 relugolix Relugolix is a nonpeptide GnRH receptor antagonist that competitively binds to pituitary GnRH receptors, thereby, reducing the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and consequently testosterone. rozanolixizumab|rozanolixizumab-noli|UCB7665|rystiggo 5737 ansuvimab EBANGA (ansuvimab-zykl) is a Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein 1 (GP1)-directed recombinant, human IgG1kappa monoclonal antibody that binds to the glycan cap and inner chalice of the EBOV GP1 subunit. The epitope to which it binds is located within the receptor binding domain of EBOV consisting of amino acids LEIKKPDGS (GP residues 111–119). palovarotene|RO3300074|CLM-001|IPN60120|sohonos 5738 margetuximab Margetuximab-cmkb, a HER2/neu receptor antagonist, is a chimeric Fc-engineered IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody. It binds to the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2). Upon binding to HER2-expressing tumor cells, margetuximab-cmkb inhibits tumor cell proliferation, reduces shedding of the HER2 extracellular domain and mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). zuranolone|SAGE-217|SGE-797|S-812217|zurzuvae 5739 naxitamab Naxitamab-gqgk is a glycolipid disialoganglioside (GD2)-binding recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody, that contains human framework regions and murine complementarity-determining regions. Naxitamab-gqgk binds to the glycolipid GD2. GD2 is a disialoganglioside that is overexpressed on neuroblastoma cells and other cells of neuroectodermal origin, including the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. In vitro, naxitamab-gqgk was able to bind to cell surface GD2 and induce complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). avacincaptad pegol|avacincaptad pegol sodium|ARC1905|izervay 5740 atoltivimab Atoltivimab in combination with odesivimab and maftivimab has been approved as INMAZEB for the treatment of infection caused by Zaire ebolavirus. INMAZEB is a combination of the three recombinant human IgG1kappa monoclonal antibodies that inhibit Zaire ebolavirus, each targeting the Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP). Maftivimab is a neutralizing antibody that blocks entry of the virus into susceptible cells. Odesivimab is a non-neutralizing antibody that induces antibody-dependent effector function through FcyRIIIa signaling when bound to its target. Odesivimab also binds to the soluble form of Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein (sGP). Atoltivimab combines both neutralization and FcgammaRIIIa signaling activities. pozelimab|pozelimab-bbfg|REGN3918|veopoz 5741 maftivimab Maftivimab in combination with odesivimab and atoltivimab has been approved as INMAZEB for the treatment of infection caused by Zaire ebolavirus. INMAZEB is a combination of the three recombinant human IgG1kappa monoclonal antibodies that inhibit Zaire ebolavirus, each targeting the Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP). Maftivimab is a neutralizing antibody that blocks entry of the virus into susceptible cells. Odesivimab is a non-neutralizing antibody that induces antibody-dependent effector function through FcyRIIIa signaling when bound to its target. Odesivimab also binds to the soluble form of Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein (sGP). Atoltivimab combines both neutralization and FcgammaRIIIa signaling activities. elranatamab|elranatamab-bcmm|PF-06863135|RN613|elrexfio 5742 odesivimab Odesivimab in combination with maftivimab and atoltivimab has been approved as INMAZEB for the treatment of infection caused by Zaire ebolavirus. INMAZEB is a combination of the three recombinant human IgG1kappa monoclonal antibodies that inhibit Zaire ebolavirus, each targeting the Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP). Maftivimab is a neutralizing antibody that blocks entry of the virus into susceptible cells. Odesivimab is a non-neutralizing antibody that induces antibody-dependent effector function through FcgammaRIIIa signaling when bound to its target. Odesivimab also binds to the soluble form of Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein (sGP). Atoltivimab combines both neutralization and FcgammaRIIIa signaling activities. talquetamab|talquetamab-tgvs|JNJ-64407564|talvey 5743 vericiguat Vericiguat is a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), an important enzyme in the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. When NO binds to sGC, the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a second messenger that plays a role in the regulation of vascular tone, cardiac contractility, and cardiac remodeling. Heart failure is associated with impaired synthesis of NO and decreased activity of sGC, which may contribute to myocardial and vascular dysfunction. By directly stimulating sGC, independently of and synergistically with NO, vericiguat augments levels of intracellular cGMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. cantharidin|ycanth 5744 cabotegravir Cabotegravir is an HIV-1 antiretroviral drug. Cabotegravir inhibits HIV integrase by binding to the integrase active site and blocking the strand transfer step of retroviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integration which is essential for the HIV replication cycle. It is indicated in combination with rilpivirine, an HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically suppressed on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure and with no known or suspected resistance to either cabotegravir or rilpivirine. 5745 umbralisib Umbralisib inhibits multiple kinases. In biochemical and cell-based assays, umbralisib inhibited PI3Kdelta and casein kinase CK1-epsilon. PI3K-delta is expressed in normal and malignant B-cells; CK1-epsilon has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer cells, including lymphoid malignancies. Umbralisib also inhibited a mutated form of ABL1 in biochemical assays. Umbralisib inhibited cell proliferation, CXCL12-mediated cell adhesion, and CCL19-mediated cell migration in lymphoma cell lines in studies conducted in vitro. 5746 trilaciclib Trilaciclib is a transient inhibitor of CDK 4 and 6. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow give rise to circulating neutrophils, RBCs, and platelets. HSPC proliferation is dependent on CDK4/6 activity. 5747 casimersen Casimersen is an antisense oligonucleotide of the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) subclass. Casimersen is designed to bind to exon 45 of dystrophin pre-mRNA resulting in exclusion of this exon during mRNA processing in patients with genetic mutations that are amenable to exon 45 skipping. Exon 45 skipping is intended to allow for production of an internally truncated dystrophin protein in patients with genetic mutations that are amenable to exon 45 skipping. 5748 fosdenopterin Fosdenopterin provides an exogenous source of cPMP. cPMP is converted to molybdopterin, which is then converted to molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) and restores molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. In MOCD Type A, mutations in MOCS1 lead to deficient MOCS1A/B-dependent synthesis of cPMP, which subsequently results in deficient molybdenum-dependent enzyme activity (e.g., sulfite oxidase). 5749 melphalan flufenamide Melphalan flufenamide is a peptide conjugated alkylating drug. Due to its lipophilicity, melphalan flufenamide is passively distributed into cells and thereafter enzymatically hydrolyzed to melphalan. Similar to other nitrogen mustard drugs, crosslinking of DNA is involved in the antitumor activity of melphalan flufenamide. In cellular assays, melphalan flufenamide inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of hematopoietic and solid tumor cells. Additionally, melphalan flufenamide showed synergistic cytotoxicity with dexamethasone in melphalan resistant and non-resistant multiple myeloma cell lines. 575 albutoin cefapirin sodium|cefapirin|cefaprin|cephapirin|cephapirine|cephaprin|cephapirin sodium|cephapirin benzathine 5750 ponesimod Ponesimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 modulator that binds with high affinity to S1P receptor 1. Ponesimod blocks the capacity of lymphocytes to egress from lymph nodes, reducing the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The mechanism by which ponesimod exerts therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis is unknown, but may involve reduction of lymphocyte migration into the central nervous system 5751 dasiglucagon Dasiglucagon is a glucagon receptor agonist, which increases blood glucose concentration by activating hepatic glucagon receptors, thereby stimulating glycogen breakdown and release of glucose from the liver. Hepatic stores of glycogen are necessary for dasiglucagon to produce an antihypoglycemic effect. 5753 serdexmethylphenidate Serdexmethylphenidate is a prodrug of dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH). The mode of therapeutic action in ADHD is not known. Serdexmethylphenidate is not deemed to have pharmacological activity until converted to d-MPH. Dexmethylphenidate HCl is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. 5754 evinacumab Evinacumab-dgnb is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits ANGPTL3. ANGPTL3 is a member of the angiopoietin-like protein family that is expressed primarily in the liver and plays a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL). Evinacumab-dgnb inhibition of ANGPTL3 leads to reduction in LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG). Evinacumab-dgnb reduces LDL-C independent of the presence of LDL receptor (LDLR) by promoting very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) processing and clearance upstream of LDL formation. Evinacumab-dgnb blockade of ANGPTL3 lowers TG and HDL-C by rescuing LPL and EL activities, respectively. 5755 estetrol Estetrol is a synthetic analogue of a native estrogen present during pregnancy, that is selective for nuclear estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta. It is used in combination with drospirenone, a spironolactone analogue with anti-mineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity, (nextstellis) as oral contraceptive. 5756 dostarlimab Dostarlimab-gxly is a humanized monoclonal antibody of the IgG4 isotype that binds to the PD-1 receptor and blocks its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2, releasing PD-1 pathway-mediated inhibition of the immune response, including the anti-tumor immune response. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, blocking PD-1 activity resulted in decreased tumor growth. Binding of the PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, to the PD-1 receptor found on T cells inhibits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Upregulation of PD-1 ligands occurs in some tumors, and signaling through this pathway can contribute to inhibition of active T-cell immune surveillance of tumors. 5758 loncastuximab tesirine Loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD19. The monoclonal IgG1 kappa antibody component binds to human CD19, a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of cells of B-lineage origin. The small molecule component is SG3199, a PBD dimer and alkylating agent. Upon binding to CD19, loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl is internalized followed by release of SG3199 via proteolytic cleavage. The released SG3199 binds to the DNA minor groove and forms highly cytotoxic DNA interstrand crosslinks, subsequently inducing cell death. Loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl had anticancer activity in animal models of lymphoma. 5759 bamlanivimab Effective April 16, 2021, FDA revoked the EUA for use of bamlanivimab alone (monotherapy) for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. The EUA for use of bamlanivimab in a combined regimen with etesevimab remains unchanged. Bamlanivimab is a recombinant neutralizing human IgG1kappa monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, and is unmodified in the Fc region. Bamlanivimab binds to spike protein and blocks spike protein attachment to the human ACE2 receptor with an IC50 value of 0.025 μg/mL. 576 droxidopa A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. cefradine|cefradex|cefradin|cephradin|cephradine 5760 etesevimab FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for etesevimab and bamlanivimab on February 9, 2021 that permits combined use of the drugs for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. The EUA of bamlanivimab ALONE was revoked by FDA but the use of bamlanivimab in a combined regimen with etesevimab remains unchanged. Etesevimab is a recombinant neutralizing human IgG1kappa mAb to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, with amino acid substitutions in the Fc region (L234A, L235A) to reduce effector function. Etesevimab binds the spike protein and blocks spike protein attachment to the human ACE2 receptor with an IC50value of 0.32 nM (0.046 μg/mL). Bamlanivimab and etesevimab bind to different but overlapping epitopes in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S-protein. Using both antibodies together is expected to reduce the risk of viral resistance. 5761 casirivimab Casirivimab with imdevimab to be administered together is authorized for use under an EUA for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) with positive results of direct SARS-CoV-2 viral testing, and who are at high risk for progressing to severe COVID-19 and/or hospitalization. Casirivimab(IgG1kappa) and imdevimab (IgG1lambda) are two recombinant human mAbs which are unmodified in the Fc regions. Casirivimab and imdevimab bind to non-overlapping epitopes of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Casirivimab, imdevimab and casirivimab and imdevimab together blocked RBD binding to the human ACE2 receptor with IC50 values of 56.4 pM, 165 pM and 81.8 pM, respectively. 5762 imdevimab Imdevimab with casirivimab to be administered together is authorized for use under an EUA for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) with positive results of direct SARS-CoV-2 viral testing, and who are at high risk for progressing to severe COVID-19 and/or hospitalization. Casirivimab(IgG1kappa) and imdevimab (IgG1lambda) are two recombinant human mAbs which are unmodified in the Fc regions. Casirivimab and imdevimab bind to non-overlapping epitopes of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Casirivimab, imdevimab and casirivimab and imdevimab together blocked RBD binding to the human ACE2 receptor with IC50 values of 56.4 pM, 165 pM and 81.8 pM, respectively. 5763 pegcetacoplan Pegcetacoplan binds to complement protein C3 and its activation fragment C3b, thereby regulating the cleavage of C3 and the generation of downstream effectors of complement activation. In PNH, extravascular hemolysis (EVH) is facilitated by C3b opsonization while intravascular hemolysis (IVH) is mediated by the downstream membrane attack complex (MAC). Pegcetacoplan acts proximally in the complement cascade controlling both C3b-mediated EVH and terminal complement-mediated IVH. 5764 piflufolastat F-18 Piflufolastat F 18 binds to cells that express PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen), including malignant prostate cancer cells, which usually overexpress PSMA. Fluorine-18 (F 18) is a β+ emitting radionuclide that enables positron emission tomography. 5765 infigratinib Infigratinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor of FGFR with IC50 values of 1.1, 1, 2, and 61 nM for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4, respectively. The major human metabolites of infigratinib, BHS697 and CQM157, have similar in vitro binding affinities for FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 compared to infigratinib. Infigratinib inhibited FGFR signaling and decreased cell proliferation in cancer cell lines with activating FGFR amplifications, mutations, or fusions. Constitutive FGFR signaling can support the proliferation and survival of malignant cells. Infigratinib had anti-tumor activity in mouse and rat xenograft models of human tumors with activating FGFR2 or FGFR3 alterations, including two patient-derived xenograft models of cholangiocarcinoma that expressed FGFR2-TTC28 or FGFR2-TRA2B fusions. Infigratinib demonstrated brain-to-plasma concentration ratios (based on AUC0-inf) of 0.682 in rats after a single oral dose. 5766 samidorphan Samidorphan was first approved in combination with olanzapine by the FDA on May 28, 2021, under the name LYBALVI. The mechanism of action of samidorphan could be mediated through opioid receptor antagonism. 5767 sotorasib Sotorasib is an inhibitor of KRASG12C, a tumor-restricted, mutant-oncogenic form of the RAS GTPase, KRAS. Sotorasib forms an irreversible, covalent bond with the unique cysteine of KRASG12C, locking the protein in an inactive state that prevents downstream signaling without affecting wild-type KRAS. Sotorasib blocked KRAS signaling, inhibited cell growth, and promoted apoptosis only in KRAS G12C tumor cell lines. Sotorasib inhibited KRASG12C in vitro and in vivo with minimal detectable off-target activity. In mouse tumor xenograft models sotorasib-treatment led to tumor regressions and prolonged survival and was associated with anti-tumor immunity in KRAS G12C models. 5768 ibrexafungerp Ibrexafungerp, a triterpenoid antifungal agent, inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme involved in the formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Ibrexafungerp has concentration-dependent fungicidal activity against Candida species as measured by time kill studies. Ibrexafungerp retains in vitro antifungal activity when tested at pH 4.5 (the normal vaginal pH). 5769 amivantamab Amivantamab-vmjw is a bispecific antibody that binds to the extracellular domains of EGFR and MET. In in vitro and in vivo studies amivantamab-vmjw was able to disrupt EGFR and MET signaling functions through blocking ligand binding and, in exon 20 insertion mutation models, degradation of EGFR and MET. The presence of EGFR and MET on the surface of tumor cells also allows for targeting of these cells for destruction by immune effector cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages, through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ( ADCC) and trogocytosis mechanisms, respectively. 577 troxacitabine baycol|cerivastatin|baychol|cerivastatin sodium|cerivastatin sodium salt hydrate 5770 aducanumab Aducanumab-avwa is a human, immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody directed against aggregated soluble and insoluble forms of amyloid beta. The accumulation of amyloid beta plaques in the brain is a defining pathophysiological feature of Alzheimer’s disease. ADUHELM reduces amyloid beta plaques, as evaluated in Studies 1, 2, and 3. 5771 finerenone Finerenone is a nonsteroidal, selective antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which is activated by aldosterone and cortisol and regulates gene transcription. Finerenone blocks MR mediated sodium reabsorption and MR overactivation in both epithelial (e.g., kidney) and nonepithelial (e.g., heart, and blood vessels) tissues. MR overactivation is thought to contribute to fibrosis and inflammation. Finerenone has a high potency and selectivity for the MR and has no relevant affinity for androgen, progesterone, estrogen, and glucocorticoid receptors. 5772 fexinidazole Studies with Trypanosoma brucei and other protozoans suggest that, like for other nitrocontaining drugs, the nitroreductase (NTR) enzyme plays an important role in the bioactivation of fexinidazole resulting in generation of reactive amines and damage to DNA and proteins. The activity of fexinidazole and its metabolites (M1 and M2) is trypanocidal and appears to be concentration and time dependent. However, the precise mechanism by which fexinidazole and the two metabolites exhibit activity against T. brucei is not known. 5773 belumosudil Belumosudil is an inhibitor of rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) which inhibits ROCK2 and ROCK1 with IC50 values of approximately 100 nanoM and 3 microM, respectively. Belumosudil downregulated proinflammatory responses via regulation of STAT3/STAT5 phosphorylation and shifting Th17/Treg balance in ex-vivo or in vitro-human T cell assays. Belumosudil also inhibited aberrant pro-fibrotic signaling, in vitro. In vivo, belumosudil demonstrated activity in animal models of chronic GVHD. 5774 odevixibat Odevixibat is a reversible inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT). It decreases the reabsorption of bile acids (primarily the salt forms) from the terminal ileum. Pruritus is a common symptom in patients with PFIC and the pathophysiology of pruritus in patients with PFIC is not completely understood. Although the complete mechanism by which odevixibat improves pruritus in PFIC patients is unknown, it may involve inhibition of the IBAT, which results in decreased reuptake of bile salts, as observed by a decrease in serum bile acids. 5775 belzutifan Belzutifan is an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2alpha), with potential antineoplastic activity. HIF-2alpha is a transcription factor that plays a role in oxygen sensing by regulating genes that promote adaptation to hypoxia. Under normal oxygen levels, HIF-2alpha is targeted for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation by VHL protein. Lack of functional VHL protein results in stabilization and accumulation of HIF-2alpha. Upon stabilization, HIF-2alpha translocates into the nucleus and interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta (HIF-1beta) to form a transcriptional complex that induces expression of downstream genes, including genes associated with cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Belzutifan binds to HIF-2alpha, and in conditions of hypoxia or impairment of VHL protein function, belzutifan blocks the HIF-2alpha-HIF-1beta interaction, leading to reduced transcription and expression of HIF-2alpha target genes. In vivo, belzutifan demonstrated anti-tumor activity in mouse xenograft models of renal cell carcinoma. 5776 difelikefalin Difelikefalin is a kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist. The relevance of KOR activation to therapeutic effectiveness is not known. 5777 mobocertinib Mobocertinib is a kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that irreversibly binds to and inhibits EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations at lower concentrations than wild type (WT) EGFR. Two pharmacologically-active metabolites (AP32960 and AP32914) with similar inhibitory profiles to mobocertinib have been identified in the plasma after oral administration of mobocertinib. In vitro, mobocertinib also inhibited the activity of other EGFR family members (HER2 and HER4) and one additional kinase (BLK) at clinically relevant concentrations (IC50 values <2 nM). 5778 atogepant Atogepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist. 578 kainic acid (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. cerulenin|helicocerin|(+)-Cerulenin 5780 maralixibat hydrochloride Maralixibat is a reversible inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT). It decreases the reabsorption of bile acids (primarily the salt forms) from the terminal ileum. Pruritus is a common symptom in patients with ALGS and the pathophysiology of pruritus in patients with ALGS is not completely understood. Although the complete mechanism by which maralixibat improves pruritus in ALGS patients is unknown, it may involve inhibition of the IBAT, which results in decreased reuptake of bile salts, as observed by a decrease in serum bile acids. 5781 anifrolumab Anifrolumab-fnia is a human IgG1kappa monoclonal antibody that binds to subunit 1 of the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) with high specificity and affinity. This binding inhibits type I IFN signaling, thereby blocking the biologic activity of type I IFNs. Anifrolumab-fnia also induces the internalization of IFNAR1, thereby reducing the levels of cell surface IFNAR1 available for receptor assembly. Blockade of receptor mediated type I IFN signaling inhibits IFN responsive gene expression as well as downstream inflammatory and immunological processes. Inhibition of type I IFN blocks plasma cell differentiation and normalizes peripheral T-cell subsets. Type I IFNs play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Approximately 60-80% of adult patients with active SLE express elevated levels of type I IFN inducible genes. 5782 avalglucosidase alfa Avalglucosidase alfa-ngpt provides an exogenous source of GAA. The M6P on avalglucosidase alfa-ngpt mediates binding to M6P receptors on the cell surface with high affinity. After binding, it is internalized and transported into lysosomes where it undergoes proteolytic cleavage that results in increased GAA enzymatic activity. Avalglucosidase alfa-ngpt then exerts enzymatic activity in cleaving glycogen. 5783 lonapegsomatropin Lonapegsomatropin is a pegylated human growth hormone (somatropin) for once-weekly subcutaneous injection. Somatropin binds to the growth hormone (GH) receptor in the cell membrane of target cells resulting in intracellular signal transduction and a host of pharmacodynamic effects. Somatropin has direct tissue and metabolic effects, and indirect effects mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), including stimulation of chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation, stimulation of hepatic glucose output, protein synthesis and lipolysis. Somatropin stimulates skeletal growth in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) as a result of effects on the growth plates (epiphyses) of long bones. 5784 tisotumab vedotin Tisotumab vedotin-tftv is a tissue factor (TF)-directed antibody drug conjugate (ADC). The antibody is a human IgG1 directed against cell surface TF. TF is the primary initiator of the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade. The small molecule, MMAE, is a microtubule-disrupting agent, attached to the antibody via a protease-cleavable linker. Nonclinical data suggests that the anticancer activity of tisotumab vedotin-tftv is due to the binding of the ADC to TF expressing cancer cells, followed by internalization of the ADC-TF complex, and release of MMAE via proteolytic cleavage. MMAE disrupts the microtubule network of actively dividing cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. In vitro, tisotumab vedotin-tftv also mediates antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 5785 bimekizumab Bimekizumab is a humanised IgG1/kappa monoclonal antibody that selectively binds with high affinity to IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17AF cytokines, blocking their interaction with the IL-17RA/IL-17RC receptor complex. Elevated concentrations of IL-17A and IL-17F have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including plaque psoriasis. Bimekizumab inhibits these proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in the normalization of skin inflammation and as a consequence improvement in clinical symptoms associated with psoriasis. From in vitro models, bimekizumab was shown to inhibit psoriasis-related gene expression and cytokine production to a greater extent than inhibition of IL-17A alone. 5787 tralokinumab Tralokinumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the type 2 cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) and inhibits its interaction with the IL-13 receptors. Tralokinumab neutralises the biological activity of IL-13 by blocking its interaction with the IL-13Ralpha1/IL-4Ralpha receptor complex. IL-13 is a major driver of human type 2 inflammatory disease, such as atopic dermatitis and inhibiting the IL-13 pathway with tralokinumab in patients decreases many of the mediators of type 2 inflammation. 5788 vosoritide Vosoritide is a modified type C natriuretic peptide (CNP). In patients with achondroplasia, endochondral bone growth is negatively regulated due to a gain of function mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Binding of vosoritide to natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B) antagonises FGFR3 downstream signalling by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway at the level of rapidly accelerating fibrosarcoma serine/threonine protein kinase (RAF-1). As a result, vosoritide, like CNP, acts as a positive regulator of endochondral bone growth as it promotes chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. 5789 peficitinib Peficitinib inhibits the signal transduction of cytokines important for the pathological condition of RA as it inhibits the kinase activity of the JAK family (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) and their signal transduction mediated by IL-2. 579 salicylanilide ceruletide diethylamine|caerulein diethylamine salt|caerulein compd. with N-ethylethanamine|ceruletide|caerulein 5791 upacicalcet Upacicalcet acts directly on parathyroid cell membrane calcium-sensing receptors and it suppresses excessive parathyroid hormone secretion. 5792 imeglimin Imeglimin is a first-in-class oral agent which improves pancreatic beta-cell function and enhances insulin action in key tissues, including liver and skeletal muscle. 5794 teceleukin a recombinant IL-2 product having a methionine added at the N-terminal. 5795 potassium sulfate Potassium sulfate is used to cleanse the colon (bowel) before colonoscopy in combination with sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate. 5796 molidustat Molidustat (BAY 85–3934) is a novel, orally bioavailable HIF-PH inhibitor that mimics hypoxia by stabilizing HIF-a subunits. Molidustat inhibits HIF-PH, allowing the accumulation of HIF, which then translocates to the nucleus where it activates the transcription of erythropoietin (EPO) and other hypoxia-inducible genes, thereby increasing endogenous EPO levels and formation of the red blood cell. 5797 anamorelin Anamorelin is a potent and selective novel ghrelin receptor agonist that mimics the N-terminal active core of ghrelin. ANAM stimulates neuroendocrine responses and can induce rapid positive effects on appetite and metabolism, which can lead to an increase in body weight and lean body mass. 5798 pabinafusp alfa Pabinafusp alfa is a fusion protein consisting of a humanized anti-hTfR antibody and hIDS. The humanized anti-hTfR antibody is considered to bind to TfRs expressed in the luminal cell membrane of brain microvascular endothelial cells composing the blood-brain barrier, being transported together with the TfR, passing through brain microvascular endothelial cells via transcytosis (which involves the mechanisms of uptake into the cell via endocytosis and release outside the cell via exocytosis) and further penetrating the basal lamina into neuronal cells in the brain parenchyma. In addition, after binding of pabinafusp alfa to M6PR on the cell membrane and cellular uptake via endocytosis, newly formed endosomes are thought to fuse with lysosomes and move into them. In patients with MPS, the type of accumulating GAG differs depending on the MPS phenotype, and CNS symptoms develops in patients with MPS phenotypes that are associated with the accumulation of HS. HS concentrations in CSF are high in patients with MPS-II who have intellectual disability, compared with those who do not have intellectual disability. These findings and other factors have suggested that HS plays a vital role in the development of CNS symptoms. The hIDS of pabinafusp alfa is considered to promote the degradation of HS in the brain parenchyma, thereby suppressing the development or progression of CNS symptoms. It has been demonstrated that pabinafusp alfa has binding affinity for M6PR and hTfR, and is taken up by human fibroblasts via the receptors. 5799 diclofenac etalhyaluronate sodium Diclofenac etalhyaluronate is a 130,000 kDa compound in which the diclofenac molecule is attached via a 2-aminoethanol linker to the glucuronic acid moiety of the hyaluronic acid. Diclofenac is released through hydrolytic cleavage of the ester linkage and it inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. 58 pyrazinamide A pyrazine that is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent. acetohydroxamic acid|acetohydroximic acid|acetylhydroxamic acid|N-acetylhydroxylamine|N-hydroxyacetamide|N-Acetyl hydroxyacetamide 580 benzyl nicotinate cetiedil citrate|cetiedil 5800 esaxerenone Esaxerenone is an oral, selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension and diabetic nephropathies. 5801 mirogabalin Mirogabalin, a novel ligand for the alpha2delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, has been approved for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain including painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPNP) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Japan. Mirogabalin showed potent and selective binding affinities for the alpha2delta subunits, and slower dissociation rates for the alpha2delta-1 subunit than for the alpha2delta-2 subunit. It also showed potent and long-lasting analgesic effects in rat models of neuropathic pain, and wider safety margins for the central nervous system side effects. A pharmacological study using mutant mice demonstrated that the analgesic effects of mirogabalin were mediated by binding of the drug to the alpha2delta-1 subunit, not the alpha2delta-2 subunit. 5802 idursulfase beta Enzyme replacement therapy product for the treatment of Hunter syndrome 5803 daridorexant The mechanism of action of daridorexant in the treatment of insomnia is presumed to be through antagonism of orexin receptors. The orexin neuropeptide signaling system plays a role in wakefulness. Blocking the binding of wake-promoting neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B to receptors OX1R and OX2R is thought to suppress wake drive. 5804 avacopan Avacopan is a complement 5a receptor (C5aR) antagonist that inhibits the interaction between C5aR and the anaphylatoxin C5a. Avacopan blocks C5a-mediated neutrophil activation and migration. The precise mechanism by which avacopan exerts a therapeutic effect in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis has not been definitively established. 5805 asciminib Asciminib is an ABL/BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Asciminib inhibits the ABL1 kinase activity of the BCR­ABL1 fusion protein, by binding to the ABL myristoyl pocket. In studies conducted in vitro or in animal models of CML, asciminib showed activity against wild-type BCR-ABL1 and several mutant forms of the kinase, including the T315I mutation. 5806 maribavir Livtencity is an antiviral drug against human cytomegalovirus. The antiviral activity of maribavir is mediated by competitive inhibition of the protein kinase activity of human CMV enzyme pUL97, which results in inhibition of the phosphorylation of proteins. Maribavir inhibited wildtype pUL97 protein kinase in a biochemical assay with an IC50 value of 0.003 microM. 5807 pafolacianine Cytalux is a fluorescent drug that targets folate receptor (FR) which may be overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Pafolacianine binds to FR-expressing cancer cells with affinity of approximately 1 nM, internalizes via receptor mediated endocytosis, and concentrates in FR-positive cancer tissues. 581 phenazopyridine A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. cetirizine|cetirizine hydrochloride|cetirizine dihydrochloride|cetirizine HCl 582 guanadrel cetraxate hydrochloride|cetratraxate hydrochloride|cetraxate|cetraxate HCl|cetratraxate HCl 583 baclofen A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission. cetrotide|cetrorelix acetate|cetrorelix 584 clorprenaline cevimeline hydrochloride hydrate|cevimeline|cevimeline hydrochloride|evoxac|cevimeline HCl|cevimeline hydrochloride hemihydrate 585 chloroxine clofedanol|chlophedianol|chlophedianol hydrochloride|clofedanol hydrochloride|chlophedianol HCl|clofedanol HCl 586 carmustine A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed) chloral hydrate|chloraldurat|nycoton|phaldrone|trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate 589 niridazole An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete. chloramphenicol|chlorocidin|cloramphenicol 59 guaiacol An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747) acetofenazine|acetofenazine maleate|acetophenazine|acetophenazine maleate|tindal|tindal maleate 590 phenyl salicylate 5906 inclisiran Inclisiran is a double-stranded small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), conjugated on the sense strand with triantennary N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to facilitate uptake by hepatocytes. In hepatocytes, inclisiran utilizes the RNA interference mechanism and directs catalytic breakdown of mRNA for PCSK9. This increases LDL-C receptor recycling and expression on the hepatocyte cell surface, which increases LDL-C uptake and lowers LDL-C levels in the circulation. 5907 efgartigimod alfa Efgartigimod alfa-fcab is a human IgG1 antibody fragment that binds to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), resulting in the reduction of circulating IgG. 5908 tezepelumab Tezepelumab-ekko is a thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) blocker, human monoclonal antibody IgG2lambda that binds to human TSLP with a dissociation constant of 15.8 pM and blocks its interaction with the heterodimeric TSLP receptor. TSLP is a cytokine mainly derived from epithelial cells and occupies an upstream position in the asthma inflammatory cascade. Airway inflammation is an important component in the pathogenesis of asthma. Multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, ILC2 cells) and mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, cytokines) are involved in airway inflammation. Blocking TSLP with tezepelumab-ekko reduces biomarkers and cytokines associated with inflammation including blood eosinophils, airway submucosal eosinophils, IgE, FeNO, IL-5, and IL-13; however, the mechanism of tezepelumab-ekko action in asthma has not been definitively established. 5909 regdanvimab Regdanvimab is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike(s) protein of SARS-CoV-2 consequently blocking cellular entry and SARS-CoV-2 infection. 591 amifostine A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia. chlorazanil hydrochloride|chlorazanil|chlorazinil|chloroazinal|diurazine|diurazyna|neurofort|orpizin|triazurol|chlorazanil HCl 5910 diroximel fumarate The mechanism by which diroximel fumarate exerts therapeutic effects in MS is not fully understood. Diroximel fumarate acts via the major active metabolite, monomethyl fumarate. Preclinical studies indicate that the pharmacodynamic responses of monomethyl fumarate appears to be mediated, at least in part, through activation of the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) transcriptional pathway. Dimethyl fumarate has been shown to up regulate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes in patients. 5911 difamilast Difamilast is a novel atopic dermatitis drug that has phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitory activity. PDE4 inhibitors are believed to improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis through suppression of the production of chemical mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and through other anti-inflammatory effects. 5912 abrocitinib Abrocitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK)1 inhibitor. JAKs phosphorylate and activate Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) which modulate intracellular activity including gene expression. Inhibition of JAK1 modulates the signalling pathways by preventing the phosphorylation and activation of STATs. It is used for treating adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (also known as eczema, when the skin is itchy, red and dry). 5913 sotrovimab Sotrovimab is a human IgG1 mAb that binds to a highly conserved epitope on the spike protein receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. 5914 mitapivat Mitapivat is a pyruvate kinase activator that acts by allosterically binding to the pyruvate kinase tetramer and increasing pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. The red blood cell (RBC) form of pyruvate kinase (PK-R) is mutated in PK deficiency, which leads to reduced adenosine triphosphate(ATP), shortened RBC lifespan, and chronic hemolysis. 5915 pacritinib Pacritinib is a kinase inhibitor with activity against Janus-associated kinase 2 (JAK2) and Fms-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). Pacritinib inhibits both wild-type JAK2 and the JAK2V617F mutant form that is common in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Pacritinib also exhibits inhibitory activity against additional cellular kinases (such as colony-stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1), the clinical relevance of which is unknown. 5916 ganaxolone The precise mechanism by which ganaxolone exerts its therapeutic effects in the treatment of seizures associated with CDD is unknown, but its anticonvulsant effects are thought to result from positive allosteric modulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor in the CNS. 5917 lutetium (177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan Lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan is a radioligand therapeutic agent. The active moiety of lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan is the radionuclide lutetium-177 which is linked to a moiety that binds to PSMA, a transmembrane protein that is expressed in prostate cancer, including mCRPC. Upon binding of lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan to PSMA- expressing cells, the beta-minus emission from lutetium-177 delivers radiation to PSMA-expressing cells, as well as to surrounding cells, and induces DNA damage which can lead to cell death. 5918 oteseconazole Oteseconazole is an azole metalloenzyme inhibitor targeting the fungal sterol, 14alpha demethylase(CYP51), an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol, a sterol required for fungal cell membrane formation and integrity. Inhibition of CYP51 results in the accumulation of 14-methylated sterols, some of which are toxic to fungi. Through the inclusion of a tetrazole metal-binding group, oteseconazole has a lower affinity for human CYP enzymes. 5919 mavacamten Mavacamten is an allosteric and reversible inhibitor selective for cardiac myosin. Mavacamten modulates the number of myosin heads that can enter “on actin” (power-generating) states, thus reducing the probability of force-producing (systolic) and residual (diastolic) cross-bridge formation. Excess myosin actin cross-bridge formation and dysregulation of the super-relaxed state are mechanistic hallmarks of HCM. Mavacamten shifts the overall myosin population towards an energy-sparing, recruitable, super-relaxed state. In HCM patients, myosin inhibition with mavacamten reduces dynamic LVOT obstruction and improves cardiac filling pressures. 592 sulfacetamide An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections. chlorbetamide|clorbetamida|mantomide 5920 sutimlimab Sutimlimab-jome is an immunoglobulin G (IgG), subclass 4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that inhibits the classical complement pathway (CP) and specifically binds to complement protein component 1, s subcomponent (C1s), a serine protease which cleaves C4. Sutimlimab­-jome does not inhibit the lectin and alternative pathways. Inhibition of the classical complement pathway at the level of C1s prevents deposition of complement opsonins on the surface of RBCs, resulting in inhibition of hemolysis in patients with CAD. 5921 tebentafusp Tebentafusp-tebn is a bispecific gp100 peptide-HLA-A02:01 directed T cell receptor CD3 T cell engager. The TCR arm binds to a gp100 peptide presented by human leukocyte antigen-A*02:01 (HLA¬ A02:01) on the cell surface of uveal melanoma tumor cells. In vitro, tebentafusp-tebn bound to HLA-A02:01-positive uveal melanoma cells and activated polyclonal T cells to release inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic proteins, which results in direct lysis of uveal melanoma tumor cells. 5922 relatlimab Relatlimab is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the LAG-3 receptor, blocks interaction with its ligands, including MHC II, and reduces LAG-3 pathway-mediated inhibition of the immune response. Antagonism of this pathway promotes T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Binding of the PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, to the PD-1 receptor found on T cells, inhibits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Upregulation of PD-1 ligands occurs in some tumors, and signaling through this pathway can contribute to inhibition of active T-cell immune surveillance of tumors. Nivolumab is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the PD-1 receptor, blocks interaction with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, and reduces PD-1 pathwaymediated inhibition of the immune response, including the anti-tumor immune response. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, blocking PD-1 activity resulted in decreased tumor growth. The combination of nivolumab (anti-PD-1) and relatlimab (anti-LAG-3) results in increased T-cell activation compared to the activity of either antibody alone. In murine syngeneic tumor models, LAG-3 blockade potentiates the anti-tumor activity of PD-1 blockage, inhibiting tumor growth and promoting tumor regression. 5923 faricimab Faricimab is a humanized bispecific antibody that acts through inhibition of two pathways by binding to VEGF-A and Ang-2. By inhibiting VEGF-A, faricimab suppresses endothelial cell proliferation, neovascularization and vascular permeability. By inhibiting Ang-2, faricimab is thought to promote vascular stability and desensitize blood vessels to the effects of VEGF-A. Ang-2 levels are increased in some patients with nAMD and DME. The contribution of Ang-2 inhibition to the treatment effect and clinical response for nAMD and DME has yet to be established. 5924 tirzepatide Tirzepatide is a GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor agonist. It is a 39-amino-acid modified peptide with a C20 fatty diacid moiety that enables albumin binding and prolongs the half-life. Tirzepatide selectively binds to and activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, the targets for native GIP and GLP-1. Tirzepatide enhances first- and second-phase insulin secretion, and reduces glucagon levels, both in a glucosedependent manner. 5925 somatrogon Somatrogon is a glycoprotein comprised of the amino acid sequence of hGH with one copy of the of C-terminal peptide (CTP) from the beta chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at the N-terminus and two copies of CTP (in tandem) at the C-terminus. The glycosylation and CTP domains account for the half-life of somatrogon, which allows for weekly dosing. Somatrogon binds to the GH receptor and initiates a signal transduction cascade culminating in changes in growth and metabolism. Consistent with GH signalling, somatrogon binding leads to activation of the STAT5b signalling pathway and increases the serum concentration of IGF-1. IGF-1 was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner during treatment with somatrogon partially mediating the clinical effect. As a result, GH and IGF-1 stimulate metabolic changes, linear growth and enhance growth velocity in paediatric patients with GHD. 5926 clazosentan Clazosentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of cerebrovascular spasm after surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by cerebral aneurysm, and cerebral infarctions and cerebral ischemic symptoms accompanying the cerebrovascular spasm. 5927 gefapixant Gefapixant is a selective, non-narcotic P2X3 receptor antagonist being approved for the treatment of refractory chronic cough or unexplained chronic cough. 5928 nirmatrelvir Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) is an antiviral therapeutic developed by Pfizer for the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It received conditional approval by EMA, FDA and PMDA. Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), also referred to as 3C-like protease (3CLpro) or nsp5 protease. Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro renders the protein incapable of processing polyprotein precursors which leads to the prevention of viral replication. Ritonavir inhibits the CYP3A-mediated metabolism of PF-07321332, thereby providing increased plasma concentrations of PF-07321332. 5929 tapinarof Tapinarof is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. The specific mechanisms by which VTAMA cream exerts its therapeutic action in psoriasis patients are unknown. 593 sulfaguanidine A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections. chlorcyclizine|chlorcycline|chlorocycline|perazyl|chlorcyclizine hydrochloride|chlorcyclizine HCl 5930 2-mercaptobenzothiazole 5931 dichlorvos 5932 diclazuril 5933 difloxacin 5934 diprenorphine A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered specific antagonist to etorphine 5935 dirlotapide 5936 doramectin 5937 efrotomycin From Streptomyces lactamdurans 5938 embutramide 5939 emodepside A semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide 594 velnacrine chlordiazepoxide|chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride|chloridazepoxide|methaminodiazepoxide|chlordiazepoxid|chlorodiazepoxide|chlordiazepoxide HCl 5940 enrofloxacin A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice 5941 eprinomectin 5942 epsiprantel 5943 amitraz Ixodicide (tick control) 5944 ethopabate An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as coccidiostat in poultry 5945 etorphine A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as sedative in veterinary practice 5946 famphur 5947 febantel 5948 fenprostalene 5949 fenthion Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide 595 fenyramidol considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity 5950 firocoxib A COX-2 inhibitor 5951 florfenicol 5952 flumetasone acetate 5953 flunixin 5954 fluprostenol Synthetic prostaglandin alpha analog used as an abortifacient 5955 fluralaner 5956 gamithromycin An antibiotic used in cattle 5957 gelatin A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories 5958 amphomycin 5959 gleptoferron Colloid solution of ferric hydroxide, dextran glucoheptonic acid 596 dimenhydrinate A drug combination that contains diphenhydramine and theophylline. It is used for treating VERTIGO, MOTION SICKNESS, and NAUSEA associated with PREGNANCY. chlorhexadol|chloralodol|mechloral|mecoral|medodorm 5960 grapiprant A potent and selective prostaglandin EP4 receptor antagonist with antihyperalgesic properties 5961 halofuginone 5962 haloxon 5963 hemoglobin glutamer-200 (bovine) a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier 5964 hygromycin b Aminoglycoside produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is used as an anthelmintic against swine infections by large roundworms, nodular worms, and whipworms 5965 amprolium A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism 5966 imepitoin a GABA-A receptor partial agonist 5967 imidacloprid Systemic contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity. This neonicotinoid insecticide acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system 5968 imidocarb One of ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS used especially against BABESIA in livestock 5969 iodinated casein 597 clofibric acid An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE. chlorhexidine hydrochloride|chlorhexidine|chlorohex|chlorohexidine|chlorhexidine gluconate|chlorhexidine acetate 5970 iron dextran A complex of ferric oxyhydroxide with dextrans of 5000 to 7000 daltons in viscous solution containing 50 mg/ml of iron. It is supplied as parenteral preparation and is used as hematinic. (Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1292) 5971 apramycin 5972 laidlomycin propionate potassium polycyclic, polyether, monocarboxylic acid posessing inhibitory activity against various Mycoplasma species, especially Acholeplasma laidlawii; structure 5973 lasalocid Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as coccidiostat, especially in poultry 5974 thiacetarsamide Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas 5975 lotilaner Lotilaner is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel inhibitor selective for mites. Inhibition of these GABA chloride channels causes a paralytic action in the target organism leading to its death. Lotilaner is not an inhibitor of mammalian GABA mediated chloride channels when tested at up to 30 microM (18 microg/mL) in vitro (approximately 1100 times the RHOD). 5976 lubabegron 5977 lufenuron 5978 luprostiol 5979 maduramicin Isolated from Actinomadura rubra 598 phenaglycodol chlorisondamine|chlorisondamin|chlorisondamine chloride|ecolid|ecolid chloride|hisindamon 5980 marbofloxacin Fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivative 5981 maropitant Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for treatment and prevention of emesis 5982 atipamezole 5983 melarsomine 5984 melengestrol acetate 5985 metoserpate 5986 mibolerone prevents estrus in animals prevents experimental lymphoid leukosis 5987 milbemycin oxime Used for heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) and mites in dogs 5988 monensin An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies 5989 attapulgite Accelerates oxidative degradation of hydrocortisone 599 naftazone 5990 morantel Antinematodal agent used mainly for livestock 5991 narasin 5992 n-butyl chloride 5993 avilamycin 5994 nicarbazin Coccidiostat for poultry 5995 nitenpyram A nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide 5996 norgestomet Synthetic 19-norprogesterone that synchronizes estrus in cattle without reducing fertility. It affects pituitary gonadotropins the menstrual cycle in humans 5997 oclacitinib 5998 azaperone A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES 5999 orbifloxacin 6 guanidine A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC. (S)-nitrendipine|(-)-Nitrendipine 60 dimercaprol An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning. ecadotril|acetorphan|racecadotril|cadotril|redotil 600 kinetin A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects. chlormadinone|chlormadinone acetate|chlormadinon|chlormadinon acetate|menstridyl 6000 orgotein Mainly alpha-helical partly divalent metal (Mg,Cu,Zn) chelated water soluble protein (MW-34000) from bovine liver. It is used for the treatment of cystitis, with superoxide dismutase activity 6001 ormetoprim 6002 oxfendazole 6003 oxibendazole 6004 pegbovigrastim Bovine immunomodulator 6005 phenothiazine 6006 balsam peru oil 6007 phosmet An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange 6008 pirlimycin 6009 luteinizing hormone A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity 601 sulfacarbamide antimicrobial agent; structure 6011 poloxalene A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat 6012 bambermycin Antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis containing mainly Moenomycins and C. They are used as feed additives and growth promoters for poultry, swine, and cattle 6013 ponazuril A major metabolite of toltrazuril 6014 porcine pituitary-derived follicle stimulating hormone 6015 pradofloxacin Veterinary fluoroquinolone; 6016 beta-aminopropionitrile 6017 propionylpromazine 6018 prostalene Analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha 6019 rabacfosadine Has potent antineoplastic activity in dogs with spontaneous non-Hodgkins lymphoma; 602 5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester chlormethiazole|clomethiazole|chlorethiazol|chlorethiazole|chlormethiazol|clomethiazolum|distraneurin|emineurina|chlormethiazole hydrochloride|chlormethiazole HCl|clomethiazole edisilate 6020 ractopamine Veterinary growth stimulant 6021 robenacoxib 6022 robenidine An anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry 6023 romifidine 6024 salinomycin From Streptomyces albus; 6025 sarolaner An antiparasitic agent against ticks 6026 selamectin A broad-spectrum endectocide; 6027 semduramicin Carboxylic acid ionophore for management of chicken coccidiosis 6028 sulfachloropyrazine 6029 sulfabromomethazine 603 tramazoline clormezanone|chlormezanone|chlormethazanone|chlormethazone|dichloromezanone|phenarol|dl-Chlormezanone 6030 sulfaethoxypyridazine 6031 sulfaquinoxaline An antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterinary animals. Also used in controlling outbreaks of fowl typhoid and fowl cholera and in treatment of infectious enteritis 6032 sulfomyxin 6033 tepoxalin 6034 thenium closylate 6035 bismuth subcarbonate 6036 thiostrepton One of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders 6037 tiamulin Prevents senescence in ascomycete. pleuromutilin derivative 6038 tildipirosin A veterinary antibiotic 6039 tiletamine Anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties 604 butoctamide stimulates serotonin release from rat peritoneal mast cells chlornaphazine|chloronaphthina|chloronaphthine|cloronaftina|naphthylamine mustard 6040 boldenone undecylenate 6041 tilmicosin Semi-synthetic antibiotic 6042 tioxidazole 6043 toceranib A tyrosine kinase inhibitor 6044 toluene 6045 trenbolone acetate An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice 6046 tricaine 605 fencamfamin chloroprocaine|chloroprocain|chlorprocaine|piocaine|halestyn|chloroprocaine hydrochloride|chloroprocaine HCl 606 tiamenidine chloropyramine|chlorneoantergan|chloropyribenzamine|chlorpyramine|halopyramine|chloropyramine hydrochloride|chloropyramine HCl 607 bergapten A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS. chloroquine sulfate|chloroquine|chloroquine phosphate|chloraquine|chlorochin|chloroquine hydrochloride|chloroquine diphosphate|chloroquine HCl|chloroquine sulphate 608 methoxsalen A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation. chlorothen citrate|chlorothen|chloromethapyrilene|chloropyrilene|chlorthenylpyramine|histachlorylene|pyrithen 61 foscarnet An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV. sulfadiasulfone|acetosulfone sodium|sulfadiasulfone sodium|acetosulfone|sulfadiasulfon 611 bisorcic chloroxine|chlofucid|chloroxyquinoline|clofuzid|dichlorohydroxyquinoline|dichloroquinolinol|dichloroxin|endiaron|quixalin|quinolor 6125 sometribove 6126 trypsin A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4 6127 tulathromycin 6128 bunamidine Veterinary anti-platyhelmintic agent used for taenia infestations 6129 tylosin Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans 613 arsanilic acid An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. 6130 tylvalosin 6131 xylazine An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE 6132 zilpaterol Is an adrenergic drug currently licensed in Mexico and South Africa as feed additive for cattle close to consignment 6134 dinitolmide A coccidiostat for poultry 6135 zolazepam A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals 6136 copper naphthenate Fungitrol is Cu naphthenate fungicide normally used to protect fibrous substrates 614 glutethimide A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs. chlorphenesin carbamate|maolate|chlorphensin carbamate 6140 frunevetmab 6141 potassium bromide 6142 tigilanol tiglate A protein kinase activator with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Fontainea picrosperma 6143 vatinoxan 6144 verdinexor A selective inhibitor of nuclear export 6145 butamisole 6146 cambendazole A nematocide effective against variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses 6147 capromorelin A growth hormone secretagogue 6148 carbadox An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125) 6149 carbomycin From Streptomyces halstedii 615 captopril A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin. chlorfenethazine|chlorfenethazine hydrochloride|elroquil|marophen|chlorphenethazine|ethyl chlorpromazine|chlorfenethazine HCl 6150 carnidazole 6151 afoxolaner 6152 castor oil 6153 cefovecin 6154 ceftiofur 6155 clopidol A very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry 6156 cloprostenol A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle 6157 clorsulon Potent fasciolicide 6158 coumafos A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as nematocide 6159 cythioate 616 tinazoline chlorphenamine|chloropheniramine|chlorophenylpyridamine|chloroprophenpyridamine|chlorpheniramine|chlorprophenpyridamine|chlorpheniramine maleate|chlorpheniramine tannate|chlorpheniramine polistirex 6160 danofloxacin 6161 decoquinate A coccidiostat for poultry 6163 altrenogest A synthetic PROGESTERONE agonist; used in estrus synchronization 6164 deracoxib 6165 deslorelin Ovuplant is tradename for short-term-release implant containing deslorelin acetate 6166 detomidine 6167 dexamethasone isonicotinate An anti-inflammatory 6168 spesolimab Spesolimab-sbzo is a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 antibody that inhibits interleukin-36 (IL-36) signaling by specifically binding to the IL36R. Binding of spesolimab-sbzo to IL36R prevents the subsequent activation of IL36R by cognate ligands (IL-36 alpha, beta and gamma) and downstream activation of pro inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways. The precise mechanism linking reduced IL36R activity and the treatment of flares of GPP is unclear. 6169 deucravacitinib Deucravacitinib is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). TYK2 is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family. Deucravacitinib binds to the regulatory domain of TYK2, stabilizing an inhibitory interaction between the regulatory and the catalytic domains of the enzyme. This results in allosteric inhibition of receptor-mediated activation of TYK2 and its downstream activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) as shown in cell-based assays. JAK kinases, including TYK2, function as pairs of homo- or heterodimers in the JAK-STAT pathways. TYK2 pairs with JAK1 to mediate multiple cytokine pathways and also pairs with JAK2 to transmit signals as shown in cell-based assays. The precise mechanism linking inhibition of TYK2 enzyme to therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis is not currently known. 617 prolintane chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride|chlorphenoxamine 6170 eflapegrastim Eflapegrastim-xnst is a recombinant human granulocyte growth factor that binds to G-CSF receptors on myeloid progenitor cells and neutrophils, triggering signaling pathways that control cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and survival. 6171 taurursodiol Relyvrio contains two active ingredients: sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol, being indicated for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in adults.The mechanism by which relyvrio exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with ALS is unknown. 6172 futibatinib Futibatinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor of FGFR 1, 2, 3, and 4 with IC50 values of less than 4 nM. Futibatinib covalently binds FGFR. Constitutive FGFR signaling can support the proliferation and survival of malignant cells. Futibatinib inhibited FGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling and decreased cell viability in cancer cell lines with FGFR alterations including FGFR fusions/rearrangements, amplifications, and mutations. Futibatinib demonstrated anti-tumor activity in mouse and rat xenograft models of human tumors with activating FGFR genetic alterations. 6173 gadopiclenol Gadopiclenol is a paramagnetic molecule (macrocyclic non-ionic complex of gadolinium) that develops a magnetic moment when placed in a magnetic field. The magnetic moment alters the relaxation rates of water protons in its vicinity in the body, leading to an increase in signal intensity (brightness) of tissues. 6174 lutetium (177Lu) chloride Lutetium (177 Lu) chloride is a radiopharmaceutical precursor, and it is not intended for direct use in patients. It is to be used only for the radiolabelling of carrier molecules that have been specifically developed and authorised for radiolabelling with lutetium (177 Lu) chloride. 6175 tixagevimab Tixagevimab is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody used in combination with cilgavimab for the treatment of COVID-19. 6176 cilgavimab Cilgavimab is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody used in combination with tixagevimab for the treatment of COVID-19. 6178 darinaparsin Darinaparsin, an organoarsenic compound with anticancer activity, is a novel mitochondrial-targeted agent being developed for the treatment of various hematologic and solid tumors. The proposed mechanism of action of the drug involves the disruption of mitochondrial function, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and modulation of intracellular signal transduction pathways. 6179 pimitespib Pimitespib is an oral small molecule inhibitor of the alpha and beta isoforms of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). 618 fosfosal reagent for testing the activity of certain enzymes chlorphentermine hydrochloride|chlorphentermine|clorfentermina|desopimon|teramine|chlorphentermine HCl 6180 ferric derisomaltose Ferric derisomaltose is a complex of iron (III) hydroxide and derisomaltose, an iron carbohydrate oligosaccharide that releases iron. Iron binds to transferrin for transport to erythroid precursor cells to be incorporated into hemoglobin. 6181 carotegrast methyl Carotegrast methyl is a small-molecule alpha4 integrin antagonist which received its first approval in Japan for the treatment of moderate ulcerative colitis in patients who had inadequate response to 5-aminosalicylic acid. The active metabolite of carotegrast methyl exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the interaction of alpha4beta1 or alpha4beta7 integrins and their ligands, VCAM-1 and MAd-CAM-1, thereby inhibiting the adhesion of inflammatory cells, including T cells, to vascular endothelial cells and extravasation into inflammatory sites. 6182 nemolizumab Nemolizumab is a subcutaneously administered humanized anti-interleukin-31 (IL-31) receptor A (IL-31RA) monoclonal antibody to treat skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, AD associated pruritus, prurigo nodularis, chronic kidney disease associated pruritus and systemic sclerosis. 6183 tremelimumab CTLA-4 is a negative regulator of T-cell activity. Tremelimumab-actl is a monoclonal antibody that binds to CTLA-4 and blocks the interaction with its ligands CD80 and CD86, releasing CTLA-4-mediated inhibition of T-cell activation. In synergistic mouse tumor models, blocking CTLA-4 activity resulted in decreased tumor growth and increased proliferation of T cells in tumors. 6184 mirvetuximab soravtansine Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). The antibody is a chimeric IgG1 directed against folate receptor alpha (FRalpha). The small molecule, DM4, is a microtubule inhibitor attached to the antibody via a cleavable linker. Upon binding to FRalpha, mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx is internalized followed by intracellular release of DM4 via proteolytic cleavage. DM4 disrupts the microtubule network within the cell, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. 6185 teplizumab Teplizumab-mzwv binds to CD3 (a cell surface antigen present on T lymphocytes) and delays the onset of Stage 3 type 1 diabetes in adults and pediatric patients aged 8 years and older with Stage 2 type 1 diabetes. The mechanism may involve partial agonistic signaling and deactivation of pancreatic beta cell autoreactive T lymphocytes. Teplizumab-mzwv leads to an increase in the proportion of regulatory T cells and of exhausted CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. 6187 olutasidenib Olutasidenib is a small-molecule inhibitor of mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1). In patients with AML, susceptible IDH1 mutations are defined as those leading to increased levels of 2- hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in the leukemia cells and where efficacy is predicted by 1) clinically meaningful remissions with the recommended dose of olutasidenib and/or 2) inhibition of mutant IDH1 enzymatic activity at concentrations of olutasidenib sustainable at the recommended dosage according to validated methods. The most common of such mutations in patients with AML are R132H and R132C substitutions. In vitro, olutasidenib inhibited mutated IDH1 R132H, R132L, R132S, R132G, and R132C proteins; wild-type IDH1 or mutated IDH2 proteins were not inhibited. Olutasidenib inhibition of mutant IDH1 led to decreased 2-HG levels in vitro and in in vivo xenograft models. 6189 adagrasib Adagrasib is an irreversible inhibitor of KRAS G12C that covalently binds to the mutant cysteine in KRAS G12C and locks the mutant KRAS protein in its inactive state that prevents downstream signaling without affecting wild-type KRAS protein. Adagrasib inhibits tumor cell growth and viability in cells harboring KRAS G12C mutations and results in tumor regression in KRAS G12C-mutated tumor xenograft models with minimal off-target activity. 619 salicylsulfuric acid chlorproethazine|RP 4909|2-Chloro-10-(3-diethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine 6190 xenon (129Xe) hyperpolarized When hyperpolarized xenon Xe 129 gas is inhaled, a multi-nuclear capable MRI scanner can be used to image the hyperpolarized xenon Xe 129 distribution throughout the ventilated lung. Hyperpolarized xenon Xe 129 nuclei are directly detected by a Xe 129 MRI coil. 6191 anacaulase NexoBrid (anacaulase-bcdb) dissolves burn wound eschar. The specific components responsible for this effect have not been identified. 6192 ublituximab The precise mechanism by which ublituximab-xiiy exerts its therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis is unknown, but is presumed to involve binding to CD20, a cell surface antigen present on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes. Following cell surface binding to B lymphocytes, ublituximab-xiiy results in cell lysis through mechanisms including antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis and complement-dependent cytolysis. 6193 nirsevimab Nirsevimab is a recombinant neutralising human IgG1kappa long-acting monoclonal antibody to the prefusion conformation of the RSV F protein which has been modified with a triple amino acid substitution (YTE) in the Fc region to extend serum half-life. Nirsevimab binds to a highly conserved epitope in antigenic site OE on the prefusion protein with dissociation constants Kd = 0.12 nM and Kd = 1.22 nM for RSV subtype A and B strains, respectively. Nirsevimab inhibits the essential membrane fusion step in the viral entry process, neutralising the virus and blocking cell-to-cell fusion. 6194 vutrisiran Vutrisiran is a double-stranded siRNA-GalNAc conjugate that causes degradation of mutant and wild-type TTR mRNA through RNA interference, which results in a reduction of serum TTR protein and TTR protein deposits in tissues. 6195 mosunetuzumab Mosunetuzumab is an anti-CD20/CD3 T-cell engaging bispecific antibody targeting CD20-expressing B-cells. It is a conditional agonist; targeted B-cell killing is observed only upon simultaneous binding to CD20 on B-cells and CD3 on T-cells. Engagement of both arms of mosunetuzumab results in the formation of an immunologic synapse between a target B cell and a cytotoxic T cell leading to T-cell activation. Subsequent directed release of perforin and granzymes from T-cell activation through the immunologic synapsis induce B-cell lysis leading to cell death. 6196 linzagolix Linzagolix is a selective, non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist that inhibits endogenous GnRH signalling by binding competitively to GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland, thereby modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. 6197 birch bark extract A dry extract from two species of birch bark consisting of naturally occurring substances known as triterpenes, including betulin, betulinic acid, erythrodiol, lupeol and oleanolic acid. It is used in adults and children aged 6 months or older with epidermolysis bullosa but the precise mechanism of action in wound healing is not known. 6198 olipudase alfa Olipudase alfa is a recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase that reduces sphingomyelin (SM) accumulation in organs of patients with Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency (ASMD). 6199 lenacapavir Lenacapavir is a multistage, selective inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid function that directly binds to the interface between capsid protein (CA) subunits. Lenacapavir inhibits HIV-1 replication by interfering with multiple, essential steps of the viral lifecycle, including capsid-mediated nuclear uptake of HIV-1 proviral DNA (by blocking nuclear import proteins binding to capsid), virus assembly and release (by interfering with Gag/Gag-Pol functioning, reducing production of CA subunits), and capsid core formation (by disrupting the rate of capsid subunit association, leading to malformed capsids). 62 fluroxene acetoxolone|acetylglycyrrhetic acid|acetylglycyrrhetinic acid|glycyrrhetic acid acetate|glycyrrhetinic acid acetate|glycyrrhetinyl acetate 620 triacetin A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent. chlorproguanil 6200 valoctocogene roxaparvovec Valoctocogene roxaparvovec is a gene therapy medicinal product that expresses the B-domain deleted SQ form of human coagulation factor VIII (hFVIII-SQ). It is a non-replicating recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype AAV5 based vector containing the cDNA of the B-domain deleted SQ form of human coagulation factor VIII gene under the control of a liver-specific promoter. 6201 teclistamab Teclistamab is a full-size, IgG4-PAA bispecific antibody that targets the CD3 receptor expressed on the surface of T cells and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), which is expressed on the surface of malignant multiple myeloma B-lineage cells, as well as late-stage B cells and plasma cells. With its dual binding sites, teclistamab is able to draw CD3+ T cells in close proximity to BCMA+ cells, resulting in T cell activation and subsequent lysis and death of BCMA+ cells, which is mediated by secreted perforin and various granzymes stored in the secretory vesicles of cytotoxic T cells. This effect occurs without regard to T cell receptor specificity or reliance on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class 1 molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells. 6202 eladocagene exuparvovec Eladocagene exuparvovec is a gene therapy medicinal product that expresses the human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase enzyme (hAADC). It is a non-replicating recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) based vector containing the cDNA of the human dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter. 6203 bexagliflozin Bexagliflozin is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), the transporter responsible for reabsorption of the majority of glucose from the renal glomerular filtrate in the renal proximal tubule. By inhibiting SGLT2, bexagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion. 6204 pirtobrutinib Pirtobrutinib is a small molecule, noncovalent inhibitor of BTK. BTK is a signaling protein of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and cytokine receptor pathways. In B-cells, BTK signaling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis, and adhesion. Pirtobrutinib binds to wild type BTK and BTK harboring C481 mutations, leading to inhibition of BTK kinase activity. In nonclinical studies, pirtobrutinib inhibited BTK-mediated B-cell CD69 expression and inhibited malignant B-cell proliferation. Pirtobrutinib showed dose-dependent anti-tumor activities in BTK wild type and BTK C481S mutant mouse xenograft models. 6205 elacestrant Elacestrant is an estrogen receptor antagonist that binds to estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalfa). In ER-positive (ER+) HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer cells, elacestrant inhibited 17beta-estradiol mediated cell proliferation at concentrations inducing degradation of ERalfa protein mediated through proteasomal pathway. Elacestrant demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity including in ER+ HER2- breast cancer models resistant to fulvestrant and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and those harboring estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) mutations. 6206 sparsentan Sparsentan is a single molecule with antagonism of the endothelin type A receptor (ETAR) and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Sparsentan has high affinity for both the ETAR (Ki= 12.8 nM) and the AT1R (Ki=0.36 nM), and greater than 500-fold selectivity for these receptors over the endothelin type B and angiotensin II subtype 2 receptors. Endothelin-1 and angiotensin II are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of IgAN via the ETAR and AT1R, respectively 6207 omaveloxolone The precise mechanism by which omaveloxolone exerts its therapeutic effect in patients with Friedreich’s ataxia is unknown. Omaveloxolone have been shown to activate the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway in vitro and in vivo in animals and humans. The Nrf2 pathway is involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress. 6208 zavegepant Zavegepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist. 6209 trofinetide Trofinetide is a chemically modified analog of GPE (glycine-proline-glutamate), an endogenous peptide produced by N-terminal cleavage of IGF-1. The mechanism by which trofinetide exerts therapeutic effects in patients with Rett syndrome is unknown. 621 heptobarbital chlorpromazine|2-Chloropromazine|chlordelazin|chlorderazin|thorazine|contomin|chlorpromazine hydrochloride|chlorpromazine HCl 6210 leniolisib Leniolisib inhibits PI3K-delta by blocking the active binding site of PI3K-delta. In cell-free isolated enzyme assays, leniolisib was selective for PI3K-delta over PI3K-alpha (28-fold), PI3K-beta (43-fold), and PI3K-gamma (257-fold), as well as the broader kinome. In cell-based assays, leniolisib reduced pAKT pathway activity and inhibited proliferation and activation of B and T cell subsets. Gain-of-function variants in the gene encoding the p110-delta catalytic subunit or loss of function variants in the gene encoding the p85-alpha regulatory subunit each cause hyperactivity of PI3K-delta. Leniolisib inhibits the signalling pathways that lead to increased production of PIP3, hyperactivity of the downstream mTOR/AKT pathway, and to the dysregulation of B and T cells. 6211 rezafungin Rezafungin is a semi-synthetic echinocandin. Rezafungin inhibits the 1,3-beta-D glucan synthase enzyme complex, which is present in fungal cell walls but not in mammalian cells. This results in inhibition of the formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall of many fungi, including Candida species (spp.). Inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthesis results in concentration-dependent in vitro fungicidal activity against Candida spp., however, the clinical significance of this activity is unknown. 6212 lecanemab Lecanemab-irmb is a humanized immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody directed against aggregated soluble and insoluble forms of amyloid beta. The accumulation of amyloid beta plaques in the brain is a defining pathophysiological feature of Alzheimer disease. 6213 velmanase Velmanase alfa-tycv provides an exogenous source of alpha-mannosidase. Velmanase alfa-tycv is internalized via binding to the mannose-6-phosphate receptor on the cell surface and transported into lysosomes where it is thought to exert enzyme activity. Alpha-mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease that results from reduced activity of the enzyme alpha-mannosidase, caused by gene variants in Mannosidase Alpha Class 2B Member 1. Alpha-mannosidase catalyzes the degradation of accumulated mannose-containing oligosaccharides. The deficiency of alpha-mannosidase causes an intra-lysosomal accumulation of mannose-rich oligosaccharides in various tissues. 6214 retifanlimab Retifanlimab-dlwr binds to the PD-1 receptor, blocks interaction with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, and potentiates T-cell activity. Binding of the PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, to the PD-1 receptor found on T cells, inhibits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Upregulation of PD-1 ligands occurs in some tumors, and signaling through this pathway can contribute to inhibition of active T-cell immune surveillance of tumors. 6215 pegunigalsidase alfa Pegunigalsidase alfa is a pegylated recombinant form of human alpha-galactosidase-A. The amino acid sequence of the recombinant form is similar to the naturally occurring human enzyme. Pegunigalsidase alfa supplements or replaces alpha-galactosidase-A, the enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the terminal α-galactosyl moieties of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in the lysosome, reducing the amount of accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3). 6216 cipaglucosidase alfa Pombiliti (cipaglucosidase alfa) is a long-term enzyme replacement therapy used in combination with the enzyme stabiliser miglustat for the treatment of adults with late-onset Pompe disease (acid alpha-glucosidase [GAA] deficiency). Cipaglucosidase alfa is intended to replace the absent or impaired endogenous enzyme. Cipaglucosidase alfa is stabilised by miglustat minimising the loss of enzyme activity in the blood during infusion of this hydrolytic glycogen-specific enzyme enriched with bis-M6P N-glycans for high affinity cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) binding. After binding, it is internalised in the lysosome where it undergoes proteolytic cleavage and N-glycan trimming which are both required to yield the most mature and active form of the GAA enzyme. Cipaglucosidase alfa then exerts enzymatic activity in cleaving glycogen and reducing intramuscular glycogen, and ameliorating tissue damage. 6217 mirikizumab Mirikizumab is a humanised IgG4 monoclonal, anti-interleukin-23 (anti-IL-23) antibody that selectively binds to the p19 subunit of human IL-23 cytokine and inhibits its interaction with the IL-23 receptor. IL-23, a regulatory cytokine, affects the differentiation, expansion, and survival of T cell subsets, (e.g., Th17 cells and Tc17 cells) and innate immune cell subsets, which represent sources of effector cytokines, including IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 that drive inflammatory disease. In humans, selective blockade of IL-23 was shown to normalise production of these cytokines. 6218 ozoralizumab Ozoralizumab is a new type of antibody that can block the activity of TNFalpha, a protein that causes inflammation in the body. It is made of three small molecules called NANOBODIES; two of these NANOBODIES attach to TNFalpha and prevent it from binding to its receptors. The third NANOBODY binds to a protein in the blood called HSA, which helps ozoralizumab stay longer in the body. Ozoralizumab is smaller and more stable than conventional antibodies, and it may have fewer side effects. It is being developed as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. 6219 valemetostat Valemetostat is a drug that blocks two enzymes called EZH1 and EZH2. These enzymes are involved in the growth of some blood cancers and solid tumors, such as non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Valemetostat is used to treat a type of NHL called adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) that has come back or does not respond to other treatments. 622 meprobamate A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603) chlorpropamide|chlorodiabina|chloronase|chloropropamide|chlorpropamid 6220 foscarbidopa Foscarbidopa and foslevodopa combination (ABBV-951) was aproved by PMDA for the treatment of motor fluctuations in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Foscarbidopa and foslevodopa are prodrugs of carbidopa and levodopa, respectively. They have higher solubility than their parent compounds, which allows them to be administered as a continuous subcutaneous infusion. 6221 foslevodopa Foslevodopa and foscarbidopa combination (ABBV-951) was aproved by PMDA for the treatment of motor fluctuations in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Foscarbidopa and foslevodopa are prodrugs of carbidopa and levodopa, respectively. They have higher solubility than their parent compounds, which allows them to be administered as a continuous subcutaneous infusion. 6222 ensitrelvir Ensitrelvir is an orally active 3C-like protease inhibitor and it was approved for emergency use in Japan in November 2022. Ensitrelvir has reached Phase III clinical trials and is being evaluated for its efficacy and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. 6223 ritlecitinib Ritlecitinib irreversibly inhibits Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) and the tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) kinase family by blocking the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site. In cellular settings, ritlecitinib inhibits cytokine induced STAT phosphorylation mediated by JAK3-dependent receptors. Additionally, ritlecitinib inhibits signaling of immune receptors dependent on TEC kinase family members. The relevance of inhibition of specific JAK or TEC family enzymes to therapeutic effectiveness is not currently known. 6224 fezolinetant Fezolinetant is a neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor antagonist that blocks neurokinin B (NKB) binding on the kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neuron to modulate neuronal activity in the thermoregulatory center. Fezolinetant has high affinity for the NK3 receptor (Ki value of 19.9 to 22.1 nmol/L), which is more than 450-fold higher than binding affinity to NK1 or NK2 receptors. 6225 perfluorohexyloctane Perfluorohexyloctane, a semifluorinated alkane, contains 6 perfluorinated carbon atoms and 8 hydrogenated carbon atoms. Perfluorohexyloctane forms a monolayer at the air-liquid interface of the tear film which can be expected to reduce evaporation. The exact mechanism of action for MIEBO in DED is not known. 6226 durlobactam Durlobactam is a diazabicyclooctane non-beta-lactam, beta-lactamase inhibitor, that protects sulbactam from degradation by certain serine-beta-lactamases. Durlobactam alone does not have antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) isolates but in combination with sulbactam it has been approved for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP), caused by susceptible isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. 6227 flotufolastat f-18 gallium Flotufolastat F 18 binds to PSMA (IC50 = 4.4 nM) expressed on cells, including prostate cancer cells, and is internalized. Prostate cancer cells usually overexpress PSMA. Fluorine-18 is a beta+ emitting radionuclide that can be detected using positron emission tomography. 623 primidone A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite. chlorprothixene|chlorprothixen|chlorprotixen|chlorprotixene|chlothixen|chorprothixene|chlorprothixene hydrochloride|chlorprothixene HCl|taractan 6230 tofersen Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that causes degradation of SOD1 mRNA through binding to SOD1 mRNA, which results in a reduction of SOD1 protein synthesis. 6231 epcoritamab Epcoritamab-bysp is a T-cell engaging bispecific antibody that binds to the CD3 receptor expressed on the surface of T-cells and CD20 expressed on the surface of lymphoma cells and healthy B-lineage cells. In vitro, epcoritamab-bysp activated T-cells, caused the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and induced lysis of B-cells. 6232 rozanolixizumab Rozanolixizumab-noli is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), resulting in the reduction of circulating IgG. 6233 glofitamab Glofitamab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody that binds bivalently to CD20 expressed on the surface of B cells and monovalently to CD3 in the T-cell receptor complex expressed on the surface of T cells. By simultaneous binding to CD20 on the B cell and CD3 on the T cell, glofitamab mediates the formation of an immunological synapse with subsequent T-cell activation and proliferation, secretion of cytokines and release of cytolytic proteins that results in the lysis of CD20-expressing B cells. 6234 palovarotene n patients with FOP, abnormal bone formation, including heterotrophic ossification (HO), is driven by a gain-of-function mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ALK2 (ACVR1).Palovarotene is an orally bioavailable retinoic acid receptor agonist, with particular selectivity at the gamma subtype of RAR. Through binding to RARgamma, palovarotene decreases the BMP/ALK2 downstream signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, which reduces ALK2/SMAD-dependent chondrogenesis and osteocyte differentiation resulting in reduced endochondral bone formation. 6235 zuranolone The mechanism of action of zuranolone in the treatment of PPD is not fully understood, but is thought to be related to its positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors. 6237 avacincaptad pegol Avacincaptad pegol is an RNA aptamer, a PEGylated oligonucleotide that binds to and inhibits complement protein C5. By inhibiting C5, avacincaptad pegol may prevent its cleavage to C5a and C5b thus decreasing membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. 6238 pozelimab Pozelimab-bbfg is a human, monoclonal immunoglobulin G4P (IgG4P) antibody directed against the terminal complement protein C5 that inhibits terminal complement activation by blocking cleavage of C5 into C5a (anaphylatoxin) and C5b, thereby blocking the formation of the membrane-attack complex (C5b-C9, a structure mediating cell lysis). 6239 elranatamab Elranatamab-bcmm is a bispecific B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed T-cell engaging antibody that binds BCMA on plasma cells, plasmablasts, and multiple myeloma cells and CD3 on T-cells leading to cytolysis of the BCMA-expressing cells. Elranatamab-bcmm activated T-cells, caused proinflammatory cytokine release, and resulted in multiple myeloma cell lysis. 624 mephenytoin An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias. chlortetracycline|aureociclin|aureomicina|aureomycin|chlorocyclinum|chlortetracyclin|chlortetracycline hydrochloride|chlortetracycline HCl|chlortetracycline calcium complex|chlortetracycline calcium|chlortetracycline bisulfate 6240 talquetamab Talquetamab-tgvs is a bispecific T-cell engaging antibody that binds to the CD3 receptor expressed on the surface of T-cells and G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells and non-malignant plasma cells, as well as healthy tissues such as epithelial cells in keratinized tissues of the skin and tongue. In vitro, talquetamab-tgvs activated T-cells caused the release of proinflammatory cytokines and resulted in the lysis of multiple myeloma cells. Talquetamab-tgvs had anti-tumor activity in mouse models of multiple myeloma. 6241 cantharidin The mechanism of action of cantharidin in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum is unknown. 625 levocarnitine propionate clortalidone|phthalamudine|chlorphthalidolone|chlorthalidone|chlorthalidon|chlortalidone 626 aclatonium chlorzoxazone|5-Chlorobenzoxazolidone|chlorzoxazon|chloroxazone 627 benzylthiouracil choline alfoscerate|L-alpha-Glycerophosphocholine|alpha-Glycerophosphorylcholine|alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine 628 fenoxazoline chromocarb|2-Chromonecarboxylic acid|campel|atremon|4-Oxochromene-2-carboxylic acid 630 uredepa cifenline|cibenzoline|(RS)-Cibenzoline|(+/-)-Cibenzoline|cibenzoline succinate|cifenline succinate 631 calcium pantothenate A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE. cicaprost dihydrochloride|ZK-96480|cicaprost betadex|cicaprost 632 aniracetam mental performance enhancer; RN given refers to cpd with locant for methoxy group in position 4 & from USAN 1983 ciclacillin|cyclacillin|aminocyclohexylpenicillin|ciclacillum 633 dacisteine ciclesonide|omnaris|alvesco 634 miglustat Miglustat functions as a competitive and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, the initial enzyme in a series of reactions which results in the synthesis of most glycosphingolipids. Miglustat helps reduce the rate of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis so that the amount of glycosphingolipid substrate is reduced to a level which allows the residual activity of the deficient glucocerebrosidase enzyme to be more effective (substrate reduction therapy). In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that miglustat can reduce the synthesis of glucosylceramide-based glycosphingolipids. cicletanine|cicletanide|cycletanide|(+/-)-Cicletanine 635 alminoprofen ciclonium|ciclonium bromide 636 ornidazole A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action. ciclopirox|penlac|ciclopirox olamine|ciclopirox ethanolamine 637 oxitriptan 5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan) is a chemical by-product of the protein building block L-tryptophan. It is also produced commercially from the seeds of an African plant known as Griffonia simplicifolia 5-HTP is used for sleep disorders such as insomnia, depression, anxiety, migraine and tension-type headaches, fibromyalgia, obesity, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), seizure disorder, and Parkinson's disease. cicloprolol|cicloprolol hydrochloride|cycloprolol|cicloprolol HCl 639 cycloxilic acid cidofovir|cidofovir monophosphate|cidovir|vistide|sidofovir|cidofovir dihydrate|anhydrous cidofovir|cidofovir hydrate 64 phloroglucinol A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent. acetylcarnitine|L-Acetylcarnitine|levocarnitine acetyl|O-Acetylcarnitine 640 lidamidine cilastatin|cilastatin sodium|cilastin|cilastatin monosodium 641 butibufen cilazapril monohydrobromide|cilazapril anhydrous|cilazapril|inhibace|vascace|cilazapril monohydrate|cilazapril hydrate 642 prilocaine A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry. FRC-8653|cilnidipine|cinaldipine|cinalong 643 metaxalone muscle spasm relaxant; structure 644 phenamacide OPC 13013|cilostazol|cilostazole|pletal|OPC-13013 645 ibuproxam cimetidine|tagamet|tametin|ulcedin|ulcedine|ulcerex|ulcerfen|cimetidine hydrochloride|cimetidine HCl 646 exalamide cimetropium bromide|cyclopropylmethylscopolamine bromide|cimetropium 647 procarbazine An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. cinacalcet|mimpara|cinacalcet hydrochloride|sensipar|AMG 073|AMG-073|KRN1493|cinacalcet HCl 648 mecloralurea cinalukast|Ro 24-5913 649 chlorazanil cinametic acid|transoddi 65 orazamide acetylcholine|acetylcholine chloride 650 methiodal major descriptor (66-86); on-line search METHANESULFONATES (74-86), ALKYL SULFONATES (73), SULFONIC ACIDS (66-72); INDEX MEDICUS search METHIODAL (66-86) cinepazet maleate|acoridil|cinepazet hydrochloride|cinepazet HCl|ethyl cinepazate maleate|cinepazet|ethyl cinepazate 651 dimecrotic acid cinepazide maleate|vasodistal|67350-MD|cinepazide 652 phenindione An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234) paxapride|cinitapride tartrate|rogastril|cinitapride 653 morinamide cinnamaverine 654 acetazolamide One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) cinnarizin|cinnarizine|cinaperazine|cinarizine|cinnipirine 655 nicametate sinartrol|cinnoxicam|piroxicam cinnamate 657 bromisoval A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects. cinoxacin|cinobac|cinobactin 658 mephenoxalone minor descriptor (65-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search OXAZOLES (66-86) ciprofibrate|lipanor|oroxadin 659 bufexamac A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally. ciprofloxacin|ciprofloxacin hydrochloride|ciprofloxacillin|ciprofloxacine|ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate|ciprofloxacin HCl|ciprofloxacin lactate 66 pyrithione split from cephalosporin molecule; some metal complexes of this have fumarate reductase inhibitory activity and may be useful against trypanosomes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure N-Acetylcysteine|acetylcysteine|acetadote|acetilcysteina|L-Acetylcysteine 660 rimiterol R51619|R-51619|R 51619|cisapride monohydrate|cisapride|acenalin|alimix|cipril|coordinax|prepulsid|propulsid|risamal 661 etamivan minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86) cisatracurium besylate|cisatracurium besilate|cisatracurium 662 cerulenin An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function. 663 bucetin citalopram|nitalapram|bonitrile|citalopram hydrobromide 664 fadrozole A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer. citicoline|cytidine choline diphosphate|cytidine diphosphate choline|cytidine diphosphocholine|cytidine diphosphorylcholine|cytidoline|difosfocin|emicholine|choline cytidine diphosphate|citicholine|citidoline|corenalin|cyscholin|citicoline sodium 665 neostigmine A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier. cythiolone|citiolone|citiolase|thioxidrene|N-Acetylhomocysteine thiolactone 666 toliprolol was MH 1975-92 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1981-90, was DOBEROL see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-80); KOE 592 was see TOLIPROLOL 1975-92; use PROPANOLAMINES to search TOLIPROLOL 1975-92; beta adrenergic blockader with some stimulant action; it has been proposed for angina pectoris citric acid|anhydrous citric acid|citric acid monohydrate 667 tigloidine mavenclad|litak|cladribine|cladarabine|leustatin 668 bucillamine clarithromycin|6-O-Methylerythromycin A|biaxin|clamicin|clathromycin 669 nifuradene clavulanic acid|clavulanate|clavulanate potassium|clavulante potasium|clavulanate potassium salt 670 stavudine A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV. clebopride|clebopride maleate 671 etofylline etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin) clemastine|meclastine|clemastine fumarate 672 vinbarbital clemizole|lergopenin|clemizole hydrochloride|clemizole HCl 673 enallylpropymal clenbuterol|(RS)-Clenbuterol|(+/-)-Clenbuterol|planipart|dl-Clenbuterol|clenbuterol hydrochloride|clenbuterol HCl 674 nifenalol adrenergic beta-blocker with good antiarrhythmic properties; also tends to lower blood pressure & provide protection against angina; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ETHANOLAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation clevidipine|clevelox|cleviprex 675 vinylbital TAI-284|TAI 284|clidanac|indanal 676 talbutal clidinium|clidinium bromide|quarzan 677 butalbital management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd clinafloxacin 678 febuprol clindamycin hydrochloride hydrate|clindamycin|7-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin|7-Chlorolincomycin|7-Deoxy-7(S)-chlorolincomycin|chlolincocin|clincin|clinimycin|Dalacin C|dalacine|clindamycin hydrochloride|clindamycin HCl 679 furazolidone A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514) clindamycin palmitate|clindamycin 2-palmitate|clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride|clindamycin palmitate HCl 68 thiouracil Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis. acetyldigoxin|novodigal|beta-Acetyldigoxin|beta acetyldigoxin 680 ancitabine Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action. clinofibrate|lipoclin|S-8527|S 8527 681 acyclovir Acyclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue with in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1), 2 (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The inhibitory activity of acyclovir is highly selective due to its affinity for the enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by HSV and VZV. This viral enzyme converts acyclovir into acyclovir monophosphate, a nucleotide analogue. The monophosphate is further converted into diphosphate by cellular guanylate kinase and into triphosphate by a number of cellular enzymes. In vitro, acyclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DNA. clioquinol|chloroiodoquin|chloroiodoquine|cliquinol|iodochlorhydroxyquin 682 mephenesin carbamate clobazam|clobazepam|frisium|frizium|urbadan 683 drometrizole clobenosid|clobenoside|arvigol|floganol 684 terbutaline A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic. clobenzorex|clobenzorex hydrochloride|clobenzorex HCl|dinintel 685 prenalterol A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME. 687 lefetamine clocapramine hydrochloride|clocapramine HCl|clocapramine|clocarpramine 690 dithranol An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS. clodronic acid|clodronate|dichloromethylenediphosphonic acid|methanedichlorodiphosphonic acid 691 proxibarbal ivozall|clofarabine|clofarex|clolar|evoltra 692 carbidopa An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself. lamprene|clofazimine|chlofazimine 693 nimorazole An antitrichomonal agent which is effective either topically or orally and whose urinary metabolites are also trichomonicidal. clofenamide|clofenamidum|monochlorphenamide 694 pentobarbital A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236) clofibrate|ticlobran|xyduril|p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid ethyl ester|lipavil|lipavlon|lipomid|liprinal|miscleron|misclerone 695 amobarbital A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565) clofibric acid|chlorfibrinic acid|chlorofibrinic acid|chlorophibrinic acid|clofibrilic acid|clofibrin|clofibrinic acid 696 metyrapone An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME. clofibride|lipenan 697 methallatal oberex|cloforex|clophorex|frenapyl 698 crotetamide same pharmacological action as prethcamide; component of prethcamide; structure clometacin|clometacine|clometazin|clomethacin|duperan|mindolic acid 699 pirlindole clometocillin|clometacillin|clomethacillin|clomethocillin|clometicillin|DL-Clometocillin 7 boric acid A weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The exact mechanism of action of boric acid is unknown; generally cytotoxic to all cells. It is used in the treatment of yeast infections and cold sores 70 dichloroacetic acid A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains two CHLORINE atoms attached to its methyl group. furatrizine|furalazine|nifuralazine|furalazin|panfuran 700 alclofenac Alclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, withdrawn from the market. It acts by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. clomifene citrate|clomifene|clomiphene|Clomiphene B|clomiphene citrate|clomid 702 glyceryl trinitrate A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives. clomocycline|chlormethylenecycline 703 decitabine An azacitidine derivative and antineoplastic antimetabolite. It inhibits DNA methyltransferase to re-activate silent genes, limiting METASTASIS and NEOPLASM DRUG RESISTANCE. Decitabine is used in the treatment of MYELODISPLASTIC SYNDROMES, and ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. clonazepam|lonazep|klonopin 704 dimetofrine proposed cardiovascular stimulant; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search ETHANOLAMINES (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation clonidine|clonidine hydrochloride|clonidine HCl 705 diphenan clonixin|chlonixin|clonixic acid|clonixine|clonixin lysinate 706 cyprodenate brinedine|clopamide|chlosudimeprimyl|clopamidum|brinaldix 707 buclosamide hustazol|cloperastine hydrochloride|cloperastine fendizoate|cloperastine|cloperastine HCl 708 tulobuterol clopidogrel|zyllt|clopidogrel bisulfate|clopidogrel besilate|clopidogrel hydrochloride|clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate|clopidogrel hydrobromide|clopidogrel sulfate|clopidogrel HCl 709 chlorquinaldol Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, protozoa, and certain bacteria. In animals, it causes central nervous system damage and is not administered parenterally. It is also used as antiseptic, fungistat, or deodorant. cloprednol|cloprednole|cloradryn 71 flucytosine A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent. acetylleucine|(S)-2-Acetamido-4-methylpentanoic acid|Acetyl-L-leucine|N-Acetylleucine 710 pemirolast cloranolol|chloranolol|tobanum 711 guaiacol benzoate clorazepate monopotassium|clorazepate potassium|clorazepic acid|clorazepate|chlorazepate|clorazepate dipotassium|dipotassium clorazepate|potassium clorazepate 712 oxybenzone clorexolone|chlorexolone|clorexolon 713 trioxsalen Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo. cloricromen|cloricromene|cloricromen hydrochloride|proendotel|AD6 714 ozagrel clorprenaline|isoprofenamine|isoprophenamine|clorprenaline hydrochloride|clorprenaline HCl 715 nabumetone A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. clortermine hydrochloride|clortermine|chlortermine|o-Chlorophentermine|clortermine HCl 717 indalpine selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd clothiapine|clothiapin|clotiapine|entumine 718 fenpentadiol clotiazepam 719 silver picrate clotrimazole|lotrimin|rimazole|locasten 720 fenamisal cloxacillin|Methocillin S|cloxacillin sodium|cloxacillin sodium salt|cloxacillin benzathine 721 osalmid cloxazolam|cloxazolazepam 722 furonazide clozapine|asaleptin|azaleptine|clozapin|clozaril|fazaclo|klozapol|leponex 723 lamivudine A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease. cocaine|cocain|benzoylmethylecgonine|cocaine hydrochloride|cocaine HCl 724 furfenorex 725 pronetalol codeine phosphate anhydrous|codeine anhydrous|codeine monohydrate|codeine|(-)-Codeine|morphine monomethyl ether|methylmorphine|codeine phosphate|codeine sulfate|codeine phosphate hydrate|codeine polistirex|N-Methylmorphine 726 triclofos derivative 7 metabolic precursor of trichloroethanol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure colchicine|colchisol|colcin 727 amiloride A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705) colestyramine|cholestyramine|cholestyramine chloride|colestyramin 728 clonidine An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION. colestipol|cholestabyl|cholestipol|colestipol hydrochloride|colestipol HCl 729 naproxen An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout. colforsin dapropate hydrochloride|colforsin dapropate|colforsin daropate hydrochloride|colforsin daropate|colforsin dapropate HCl|colforsin daropate HCl 73 vigabatrin The precise mechanism of vigabatrin's anti-seizure effect is unknown, but it is believed to be the result of its action as an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. This action results in increased levels of GABA in the central nervous system. acetylpromazine|acepromazin|acepromazine|acetacin|acetazin|acetazine|acetopromazine|azepromazine|acetopromazine maleate|acetopromazine maleate salt|acepromazine maleate 730 propyphenazone colfosceril palmitate|L-Dipalmitoyl lecithin 731 ibudilast colistimethate|colistimethate sodium|colistinmethanesulfonic acid|Colimycin M|Colimycin sodium methanesulfonate|colistin sulfomethate|colistin sodium methanesulfonate|pentasodium colistinmethanesulfonate|colistin sulphomethate|colobreathe 732 diazoxide A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group. conivaptan|conivaptan hydrochloride|vaprisol|YM-087|conivaptan HCl 733 guanabenz An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent. 734 methaniazide cortisone acetate|cortone acetate|irisone acetate|adrenalex 735 isocarboxazid An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311) 736 fenfluramine A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release. The mechanisms by which fenfluramine exerts its therapeutic effects in the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome are unknown. Fenfluramine and the metabolite, norfenfluramine, increase extracellular levels of serotonin through interaction with serotonin transporter proteins, and exhibit agonist activity at serotonin 5HT-2 receptors. cortivazol|idaltim 737 dexfenfluramine The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity. cotinine|(-)-Cotinine|(S)-Cotinine|cotinine fumarate 738 indeloxazine coumarin|1,2-Benzopyrone|2-Chromenone 739 aminophenazone A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS. creatinolfosfate|creatinol phosphate|aplodan 74 metformin A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289) acetylsalisylic acid|aspirin|acetylsalicylic acid|aspirin sodium|aspirin magnesium|aspirin potassium|aspirin calcium|aspirin anhydride|aspirin lysine 740 sulfathiourea croconazole hydrochloride|croconazole HCl|croconazole|viniconazole 741 eptazocine sodium cromoglicate|cromolyn sodium|sodium cromolyn|sodium cromoglycate|cromoglicic acid|cromoglycic acid|cromolyn|cromoglycate|cromoglicate|intal|cromolyn disodium salt|cromolyn disodium|disodium cromoglycate 743 nifurprazine cropropamide|propylbutamide 745 phenobarbital A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. micorene|crotetamide|crotethamid|crotethamide|ethylbutamide 746 nalidixic acid A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE. cyamemazine|ciamatil|cianatil|cyamemazin|cyamepromazine|cyamepromezine 747 todralazine An antihypertensive agent with both central and peripheral action; it has some central nervous system depressant effects. cyclandelate|cyclergine|cyclobral|cyclolyt|cyclomandol 748 mebutamate 749 mofebutazone cyclizine|marezine|nautazine|cyclizine hydrochloride|cyclizine lactate|cyclizine HCl 75 octodrine 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA) analog 750 melatonin A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant. cyclobarbital|cyclobarbitone|cyclohexal|ethylhexabital|tetrahydrophenobarbital 751 aminoglutethimide An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER. cyclobenzaprine|proheptatrien|proheptatriene|cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride|cyclobenzaprine HCl 753 pyrrocaine cyclofenil|cyclofenyl|cyclopenil|cyclophenil|cyclophenyl|ondogyne|fertodur 754 tymazoline cycloguanil|cycloguanil embonate|cycloguanil pamoate 755 symclosene cyclopentamine|cyclopentamin|cyclopentadrine|cyclonarol 757 acitazanolast a leukotriene D4 antagonist cyclopentolate|cyclopentolate hydrochloride|cyclogyl|cyclopentylate|cyclopentolate HCl 758 sulbactam A beta-lactamase inhibitor with very weak antibacterial action. The compound prevents antibiotic destruction of beta-lactam antibiotics by inhibiting beta-lactamases, thus extending their spectrum activity. Combinations of sulbactam with beta-lactam antibiotics have been used successfully for the therapy of infections caused by organisms resistant to the antibiotic alone. cyclophosphamide|cyclophosphamid|cyclophosphamidum|cyclophosphan|cyclophosphane|cytophosphan|mitoxan|cyclophosphamide hydrate|endoxan 759 hopantenic acid cycloserine|seromycin|oxamycin|farmiserina|miroseryn|cyclorin|(R)-4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one 76 fluorouracil A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. acipimox|olbemox|olbetam|methylpyrazinecarboxylic acid 4-oxide 760 levofacetoperane neoral|ciclosporin|cyclosporine|cyclosporin|ciclosporine|cyclosporin A 761 methylphenidate A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE. cyclothiazide|ciclotiazide 762 dexmethylphenidate A methylphenidate derivative, DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER. cyclovalone|curcumoid|cyclovalon|cycvalon|cyqualon|vanilone 763 meptazinol A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain. cycrimine|cycrimine hydrochloride|pagitane|cycrimine HCl 764 lomustine An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. cyprodenate|actebral|cyprodemanol 766 riluzole The etiology and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not known, although a number of hypotheses have been advanced. One hypothesis is that motor neurons, made vulnerable through either genetic predisposition or environmental factors, are injured by glutamate. In some cases of familial ALS the enzyme superoxide dismutase has been found to be defective. The mode of action of riluzole is unknown. Its pharmacological properties include the following, some of which may be related to its effect: 1) an inhibitory effect on glutamate release, 2) inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels, and 3) ability to interfere with intracellular events that follow transmitter binding at excitatory amino acid receptors. Riluzole has also been shown, in a single study, to delay median time to death in a transgenic mouse model of ALS. These mice express human superoxide dismutase bearing one of the mutations found in one of the familial forms of human ALS. It is also neuroprotective in various in vivo experimental models of neuronal injury involving excitotoxic mechanisms. In in vitro tests, riluzole protected cultured rat motor neurons from the excitotoxic effects of glutamic acid and prevented the death of cortical neurons induced by anoxia. Due to its blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission, riluzole also exhibits myorelaxant, sedative, and anticonvulsant properties. cyproterone acetate|cyproviron 768 cyclopentobarbital mercaptamine hydrochloride|mercaptamine bitartrate|mercaptamine|cysteamine|thioethanolamine|2-mercaptoethylamine|mercamine|mercaptamin|mercaptoethylamine|cysteamine bitartrate|procysbi|cystagon|cysteamine hydrochloride|cysteamine HCl 769 epirizole 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. cysteine|L-Cysteine|cysteine hydrochloride|cysteine HCl 77 aminolevulinic acid A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS. acitazanolast hydrate|WP-871|zepelin|acitazanolast 770 metisazone An antiviral agent effective against pox viruses. cytarabine hydrochloride|cytarabine|arabinocytosine|Arabinoside C|aracytidine|cyclocide|cytarabin|cytarabinoside|cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside|cytarabine liposome|cytarabine HCl 771 monoctanoin dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6 cytarabine ocfosate|fosteabine|cytarabine ocfosfate|cytarabine ocfosphate hydrate|fosteabine sodium monohydrate|starasid 772 stiripentol In animal models, stiripentol antagonizes seizures induced by electric shock, pentetrazole and bicuculline. In rodent models, stiripentol appears to increase brain levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. This could occur by inhibition of synaptosomal uptake of GABA and/or inhibition of GABA transaminase. Stiripentol has also been shown to enhance GABAA receptor-mediated transmission in the immature rat hippocampus and increase the mean open-duration (but not the frequency) of GABAA receptor chloride channels by a barbiturate-like mechanism. Stiripentol potentiates the efficacy of other anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, sodium valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbital and many benzodiazepines, as the result of pharmacokinetic interactions. The second effect of stiripentol is mainly based on metabolic inhibition of several isoenzymes, in particular CYP450 3A4 and 2C19, involved in the hepatic metabolism of other anti-epileptic medicines. cyverine 773 octacaine deticene|dacarbazine 774 lidocaine A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE. Actinomycin D|dactinomycin|Actactinomycin A IV|Actinomycin 7|Chounghwamycin B|Dactinomycin D|Dilactone actinomycin D acid|Dilactone actinomycindioic D acid|meractinomycin|Oncostatin K 775 sparteine A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. It has also been of interest as an indicator of CYP2D6 genotype. 776 pamidronic acid An aminobisphosphonate that inhibits BONE RESORPTION and is used for the treatment of osteolytic lesions, bone pain, and severe HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancies. BIBR 1048|BIBR-1048|dabigatran etexilate mesilate|dabigatran etexilate|pradaxa|dabigatran etexilate mesylate|dabigatran etexilate methanesulfonate 778 taurosteine dalfopristin mesilate|dalfopristin|dalfopristin mesylate|RP-54476 779 meprylcaine danazol|chronogyn|danatrol|danazolum|danocrine|danovaol|danzol|winobanin 78 leucine An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. acitretin|acitretinoin|etretin|neotigason|soriatane|isoacitretin|isoetretin 780 amylocaine dantrolene|dantrolene sodium|dantrium|dantrolene sodium salt 781 azapetine dapiprazole hydrochloride|dapiprazole|AF-2139|dapiprazole HCl 782 procainamide A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE. dapsone|diaphenylsulfon|diaphenylsulfone|sulphadione|dapson 783 picilorex daptomycin|cidecin|cubicin|dapcin|daptomicina|daptomycine|daptomycinum|LY146032|LY-146032|deptomycin 784 isosorbide dinitrate A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. enablex|darifenacin|darifenacin hydrobromide|emselex 787 didanosine A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite. dimethylaminoethanol|deanol|norcholine|dimethylethanolamine|bimanol|liparon|varesal|rexolin 788 hexobarbital A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative. debrisoquin|debrisoquine|isocaramidine|debrisoquin sulfate 789 cyclobarbital decamethonium|decamethonium bromide|syncurine 79 aminocaproic acid An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties. 790 carbamazepine A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties. decitabine mesylate|decitabine mesilate|decitabine|dacogen 791 methazolamide A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma. 792 allocupreide sodium deferoxamine|deferoxamine mesylate|deferoxamin|desferrioxamine|desferrioxamine mesilate|deferoxamine mesilate|desferrioxamine mesylate 793 zileuton an orally active inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid deflazacort|azacort|azacortinol|calcort|dezacor|dezacort|flantadin|lantadin|oxazacort 794 thioacetazone A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217) dehydrocholic acid|cholepatin|decholin|dehystolin|ketocholanic acid|oxycholin 795 butethamine intrarosa|5,6-didehydroepiandrosterone|androstenolone|dehydroandrosterone|dehydroepiandrosterone|dehydroisoandrosterone|prasterone 796 procaine A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). dehydroepiandrosterone acetate|androstenolone acetate|dehydroisoandrosterone acetate|prasterone acetate|dehydroisoandosterone 3-acetate 797 levodropropizine deladroxone|alphasone acetophenide|dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide|droxone|algestone acetophenide 798 dropropizine CV-3317|delapril|alindapril|indalapril 799 carbocloral delavirdine|delavirdine mesylate|delavirdine mesilate|rescriptor 8 ethyl chloride A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine. 80 trichloroethylene A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment. aclacinomycin|Aclacinomycin A|aclacur|aclarubicin|Antibiotic 3082A|aclarubicin hydrochloride|aclarubicin HCl 800 dimethicone A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base. delorazepam|chlordemethyldiazepam|chlordesmethyldiazepam|chlorodesmethyldiazepam 801 carbromal demecarium bromide|demecarium|demekarium bromide|demekastigmine bromide 803 ambazone demegestone|lutionex 804 viloxazine A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE. The mechanism of action of viloxazine in the treatment of ADHD is unclear; however, it is thought to be through inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine. demexiptiline|deparon 805 piroctone 2(1H)-pyridinone, 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)- combined with 2-aminoethanol; used to treat pityriasis; structure given in first source spasmalgan|denaverine hydrochloride|denaverine 806 etifelmine denopamine|kalgut|carguto 807 ketamine A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors. 808 perflubutane component of the echo contrast agent, BR14, which consists of perfluorobutane gas microbubbles deptropine|dibenzheptropine|deptropine citrate 809 tilbroquinol desalkylflurazepam|dealkylflurazepam|descarbethoxyloflazepate|norfludiazepam|norflurazepam|norflutoprazepam 81 paraldehyde A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9) aclatonium|aclatonium napadisilate|abovis 810 nitrofurantoin A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression. deserpidine|deserpidin|raunormin|raunormine|recanescin|recanescine|reserpidine 811 rufinamide The precise mechanism(s) by which rufinamide exerts its antiepileptic effect is unknown. The results of in vitro studies suggest that the principal mechanism of action of rufinamide is modulation of the activity of sodium channels and, in particular, prolongation of the inactive state of the channel. Difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether|desflurane 812 dipyrocetyl desipramine|demethylimipramine|desimipramine|desipramin|desmethylimipramine|methylaminopropyliminodibenzyl|monodemethylimipramine|norimipramine|desipramine hydrochloride|desipramine HCl 814 acefylline Acefylline is a bronchodilator agent, relaxing brochial smooth muscle and opposing the effects of many broncho-constrictor mediators. Also, it relaxes smooth muscle in the urinary and biliary ways. SCH-34117|SCH 34117|desloratadine|azomyr|delopedil|descarboethoxyloratadine|descarboethoxyloratidine|neoclarityn 815 cinametic acid used in liver function tests; relaxes sphincter of Oddi; regulates hepato-biliary function; structure 816 pronilide desmethyldiazepam|demethyldiazepam|demoxazepam|desalkylprazepam|N-Demethyldiazepam|nordazepam|nordiazepam|norprazepam|praxadium 817 felbamate A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY. desmopressin acetate hydrate|minirinmelt|desmopressin|adiuretin|minirin|desmopressin acetate|DDAVP 818 protheobromine Org 2969|desogestrel|cerazette 819 proxyphylline desoximetasone|deoxymethasone|desoximethasone|desoxymetasone|desoxymethasone 82 ornithine An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine. BW-270C|BW-825C|acrivastine|semprex 820 nealbarbital desoxycorticosterone|cortexone|deoxycorticosterone|deoxycortone|desoxycortone 821 secobarbital A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity. desoxycorticosterone acetate|cortexone acetate|decosteron|decosterone|deoxycorticosterone acetate|deoxycortone acetate|desoxycortone acetate|sincortex 822 nomifensine An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266) desoxycorticosterone pivalate|deoxycorticosterone pivalate|deoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate|deoxycortone pivalate|deoxycortone trimethylacetate|desoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate|desoxycortisone pivalate 823 metapramine detajmium|detajmium bitartrate|tachmalcor|detajmium bitartrate hydrate 824 flosequinan dexamethasone|dexasone|dexmethsone 825 emorfazone dexamethasone acefurate|dexamethasone cipecilate 826 levomoprolol dexamethasone acetate|decadronal|neofordex 827 moprolol (-)-moprolol is beta-blocker & anti-hypertensive agent; (+)-moprolol is inactive; SD 1601 refers to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6316 dexamethasone propionate|dexamethasone dipropionate|methaderm 828 levosalbutamol The R-isomer of albuterol. dexamethasone palmitate|limethason|limethasone 829 isoetarine Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma. dexamethasone valerate 83 prenderol acrosoxacin|eradacil|rosoxacin|eradacin 830 salbutamol A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol. dexbrompheniramine|d-Brompheniramine|(+)-Brompheniramine|dexbrompheniramine maleate 831 benzphetamine A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222) dexetimide|dexbenzetimide 832 bupropion A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE. dexfenfluramine|(+)-Fenfluramine|D-Fenfluramine|dextrofenfluramine|(S)-Fenfluramine|dexfenfluramine hydrochloride|dexfenfluramine HCl 833 dantron mild purgative anthraquinone derivative chemically related to emodin, the active principle of cascara and other naturally occurring products such as senna, aloes and rhubarb, it acts on the nerve endings of the myenteric plexus and stimulates the muscles of the large intestine dexketoprofen trometamol|dexketoprofen|(S)-Ketoprofen|(+)-Ketoprofen 834 fluindione dexloxiglumide|D-Loxiglumide 835 xenbucin dexmedetomidine|(S)-Medetomidine|dexmedetomidine hydrochloride|dexdor|dexmedetomidine HCl|MPV1440|precedex 836 tetrabarbital focalin|dexmethylphenidate|Methyl D-phenidate|d-threo-Methylphenidate|dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride|dexmethylphenidate HCl 838 pirbuterol dexpanthenol|(+)-panthenol|bepanthen|D-Panthenol 839 benmoxin dexrazoxane|zinecard|savene|totect|dexrazoxane hydrochloride|dexrazoxane HCl 840 imiquimod A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS. dextrofemine|dextrofemine fumarate 841 budralazine dextroamphetamine|S-Amphetamine|D-Amphetamine|dexadrine|dexamfetamine|dextroamphetamine sulfate|dextroamphetamine saccharate|dextroamphetamine adipate|dextroamphetamine resin complex 842 buthalital dextromethorphan HBr|dextromethorphan hydrochloride|dextromethorphan hydrobromide hydrate|dextromethorphan|(+)-Dextromethorphan|d-Methorphan|dextromethorphan hydrobromide|dextromethorphan hydriodide|dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate|dextromethorphan polistirex 843 cropropamide component of prethcamide; same pharmacological activity as prethacamide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure dextromoramide|moramide|pyrrolamidol|pyrrolamidolum|dextromoramide tartrate 844 pheniramine One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus. dextropropoxyphene|propoxyphene hydrochloride|dextropropoxyphen|propoxyphene|d-Propoxyphene|propoxyphene napsylate|propoxyphene HCl|destropropoxifene 845 anethole trithione Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers. dextrose|D-Glucose|(+)-Glucose|glucose|dextrose monohydrate|anhydrous dextrose|glucose monohydrate|anhydrous glucose 847 pentolonium A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension. dezocine hydrobromide|dalgan|dezocine 848 thiram A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations. 849 methocarbamol A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206) diacerein|artrodar|diacerhein|diacetylrhein|fisiodar 85 aspartic acid One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter. zovirax|acyclovir|aciclovir|acyclovir sodium 850 salinazid diampromide|diampromid 851 sapropterin amidotrizoic acid|diatrizoate|diatrizoic acid|urogranoic acid|diatrizoate sodium|diatrizoic acid dihydrate 853 enfenamic acid inhibits platelet aggregation diaziquone|aziridinylbenzoquinone 854 mefenamic acid A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. diazoxide|dizoxide|hyperstat|hypertonalum|proglicem 855 moxonidine dibekacin|debecacin|Dideoxykanamycin B 856 nidroxyzone dibenzepin|dibenzepin hydrochloride|dibenzepine hydrochloride|dibenzepine|dibenzepin HCl|dibenzepine HCl 857 benzoyl peroxide A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. dibromodulcitol|dibromdulcit|dibromogalactitol|elobromol|mitolactol 859 mexenone cinchocaine|dermacaine|dibucaine|nupercaine|percamine|dibucaine hydrochloride|dibucaine HCl 86 timonacic broncostyl|adamexina|adamexine 861 fenoprofen A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. phenazone|analgesin|analgesine|anodynine|antipyrin|azophen|azophene|dimethyloxychinizin|dimethyloxyquinazine|fenazone|methozin|oxydimethylquinazine|phenazon|pyrazophyl|phenylone|antipyrine 862 isonixin dichloroacetic acid|dichlorethanoic acid|sodium dichloroacetate|ceresine|bichloroacetic acid|potassium dichloroacetate 863 thiopental A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration. dichlorophen|dichlorofen|dichlorophene|dichlorphen|diclorofen|didroxan|didroxane 864 methylsulfonal diclofenamide|dichlofenamide|dichlorophenamide|dichlorphenamide|diclofenamid 865 dixanthogen diclofenac calcium|diclofenac diethylamine|diclofenac hydroxyethylpyrrolidine|diclofenac|diclofenamic acid|diclofenac sodium|diclofenac potassium|diclofenac epolamine 866 clofibrate A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986) dicloxacillin|dicloxacycline|dicloxacillin sodium|dicloxacillin sodium hydrate|dicloxacillin sodium monohydrate 867 iproclozide dicoumarol|dicumarol|dicoumal|dicoumarin|dicuman|dicumarine 868 bretylium An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic. dicymine|dicycloverine hydrochloride|dicycloverine|dicyclomine|dicycloverin|dicyclomine hydrochloride|dicyclomine HCl 869 piridoxilate conjugation product of glyoxylic acid & pyridoxine; may be physiological regulator of cell respiration didanosine|videx|dideoxyinosine 87 tranylcypromine A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311) adapalene|differin 870 cytarabine A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472) dienestrol|cycladiene|dienesterol|dienoestrol|estrodienol|follidiene|oestrodiene|synestrol 871 taribavirin dienogest|dienogestril|dinagest|STS 557 872 molsidomine A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS. diethazine|dolisina|eazamine|eazaminum|parkazin 873 agomelatine an antidepressant, it works by stimulating the MT1 and MT2 receptors, which are normally activated by melatonin, and also by blocking the 5-HT2C receptors, which are normally activated by the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine diethylcarbamazine citrate|diethylcarbamazine|carbamazine|carbilazine|bitirazine|caricide|ethodryl|notezine 874 frovatriptan diethylpropion|adiposon|amfepramon|amfepramone|amphepramon|amphepramone|diethpropion|diethylpropione|nopropiophenone|diethylpropion hydrochloride|amfepramone hydrochloride|diethylpropion HCl|amfepramone HCl 875 phencyclidine A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust. diethylstilbestrol|agostilben|antigestil|distilbene|estrobene|estromenin|stilbestrol 876 domiodol difebarbamate 877 ribavirin A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses. difemerine hydrochloride|difemerin|luostyl|difemerine|difemerine HCl 878 azacitidine A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent. difenoxin|difenoxin hydrochloride|difenoxilic acid|difenoxine|difenoxylic acid|diphenoxylic acid|lyspafen|difenoxin HCl 879 dioxybenzone 88 adenine A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES. adefovir dipivoxil|hepsera|preveon 880 phenallymal diflunisal|difludol|diflusinal|fluniget|fluodonil|difluorophenylsalicylic acid|MK-647 881 flurbiprofen An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE. digitoxin|digitoxoside|cardidigin|cardigin|carditoxin|coramedan|cristapurat|crystodigin|digicor|digipural|digisidin|digitophyllin|digitoxigenin tridigitoxoside|myodigin|purpurid|tradigal|unidigin 882 pidotimod digoxin|cardiogoxin|digoxine 883 etomidate Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic. dihexyverine|dihexiverine|dihexyverin 884 biotin A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. dihydralazine|dihydralazin|dihydrazinophthalazine|hypopresol|nepresol|nepresolin|nepressol|ophthazin|tonolysin|dihydralazine sulfate|dihydrallazine 885 amidefrine alpha ergocryptine|ergocryptine|ergokryptine|alpha-Ergocryptine|alpha-Ergokryptine 886 mesulfen used in therapy of scabies; structure dihydrocodeine|codhydrine|cohydrin|dehacodin|dihydroneopine|hydrocodeine|hydrocodin|dihydrocodeine bitartrate|parzone bitartrate|dihydrocodeine phosphate 887 xylometazoline nasal decongestant dihydroergocristine|9,10-dihydroergocristine|dihydroergocristin|dihydroergocristine mesylate|dihydroergocristine mesilate 888 isoaminile dihydroergotamine mesilate|dihydroergotamine tartrate|dihydroergotamine|9,10-Dihydroergotamine|dihydroergotamine mesylate 889 clodronic acid A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification. dihydroquinidine|hydroconquinine|hydroquinidine|hydroquinidine hydrochloride|hydroquinidine HCl 89 acetanilide a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term adenine|9H-Purin-6-amine|vitamin B4|adeninimine 890 apraclonidine relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd dihydrostreptomycin sulfate|dihydrostreptomycine|dihydrostreptomycin|abiocine|vibriomycin 892 menadoxime diisopromine 893 ramifenazone Ramifenazone is an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent. dilazep|dilazep dihydrochloride|dilazep hydrochloride|dilazep HCl 894 oxolamine dilevalol|(+)-Labetalol|dilevalon|levadil 896 pinacidil A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) diloxanide furoate|amebiazol|dichlofurazol|diclofurazol|diloxanid furoate|entamide furoate|furamide|furentomin 897 pyrovalerone (+)-Diltiazem|dilzem|d-Diltiazem|d-cis-Diltiazem|diltiazem hydrochloride|diltiazem malate|diltiazem|diltiazem HCl 898 inaperisone dimecrotic acid|2,4-Dimethoxy-beta-methylcinnamic acid 899 tolperisone A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211) dimefline hydrochloride|dimefline HCl|dimefline|dimeflin|remeflin 9 vinyl ether a clear, nearly colorless, volatile liquid which was used as an inhalation anesthetic 90 mecysteine adenosine|adenine riboside|riboadenosine|beta-Adenosine|beta-D-Adenosine|adenoscan 900 dezocine potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure dimemorfan|dimemorphan|dimemorfan phosphate 901 chlorphenesin carbamate A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203) dimenhydrinate|andramine|chloranautine|diamarin|diphenhydramine 8-chlorotheophyllinate|diphenhydrinate|dramamine|menhydrinate|theohydramine 902 guanfacine A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. dimetacrine|dimetacrino|dimetacrinum|dimethacrin|dimethacrine 903 floxuridine An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. dimetindene maleate|dimethindene maleate|dimethindene|dimetindene 904 doxifluridine dimethisterone|dimethiderome|dimethisteron 905 nifurpirinol dimethoxanate|cotrane|tussidin 906 azanidazole dimethyl sulfoxide|DMSO|demavet|demsodrox|methyl sulfoxide|zymso 907 methylphenobarbital A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL. 908 loxoprofen trimethyltubocurarine iodide|metocurine iodide|dimethyltubocurarine|metocurine|dimethyltubocurarinium|dimethyltubocurarinium chloride 909 irofulven dimetofrine|anassicol|dimethophrine|dimetrophine 91 levamfetamine adenosine triphosphate|ATP|triphosphoric acid adenosine ester|adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate 911 busulfan An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen. dioxyline phosphate|dimoxyline|dioxyline|paveril 912 parsalmide anti-inflammatory analgesic with possible antianxiety action; minor descriptor (79-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (79-86) dinoprost|enzaprost|Prostaglandin F2|dinoprost tromethamine|dinoprost trometamol 913 nefiracetam antagonizes amnestic effects of picrotoxin or bicuculline; structure given in first source dinoprostone|cerviprost|Minprositin E2|primiprost|prostaglandin E2|PGE2 914 milnacipran A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA. dioxethedrin hydrochloride|dioxethedrin|dioxethedrine|dioxethedrin HCl 915 mepivacaine A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168) diphemanil|biphemanil|diphemanil methosulfate|diphemanil methyl sulfate|diphemanil metilsulfate|diphenmanil methylsulfate|diphenmethanil|diphenmethanil methylsulfate|diphemanil methylsulfate 916 guanoxabenz benadryl|diphenhydramine salicylate|diphenhydramine laurylsulfate|diphenhydramine|benzhydramine|probedryl|diphenhydramine hydrochloride|diphenhydramine citrate|diphenhydramine HCl 917 pyridoxal phosphate This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE). 918 emtricitabine A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS. diphenoxylate|diphenoxylate hydrochloride|diphenoxylate HCl 919 tinidazole A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections. difenpiramide|diphenpyramide|difenpiramide sulfate|difenpiramide maleate|difenpiramide monohydrochloride|difenpiramide hydrochloride|difenpiramide HCl 92 dexamfetamine The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. adenosine phosphate|adenosine 5'-phosphate|adenovite|5'-Adenylic acid|adenylic acid|phosphentaside|adenosine 5'-monophosphate|AMP|adenosine monophosphate 920 ciclonicate antilipolytic & myolytic; RN given refers to trans-isomer hispril|diphenylpyraline maleate|diphenylpyraline|diphenpyraline|diphenylpyrilene|diphenylpyraline hydrochloride|diphenylpyraline HCl 921 pethidine A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration. dipipanone|dipipanon|piperidylamidone 922 ketobemidone dipivefrin hydrochloride|dipivefrin|dipivefrine|dipivefrin HCl 923 indenolol diprafenone hydrochloride|diprafenone|butafenone|diprafenone HCl 924 butidrine dipyridamole|cardoxil|cardoxin|cleridium|dipyridamine|dipyridamol|dipyridan|peridamol|persantin|stenocardil|stimolcardio 925 triflusal inhibits platelet aggregation similarly to aspirin; structure dirithromycin|dirythromycin|LY-237216|LY 237216 926 nitrefazole disopyramide|dicorantil|disopyramide phosphate|disopyramide tartrate|disopyramide monohydrochloride|disopyramide hydrochloride 928 acetylpheneturide disulfiram|tetraethylthiram disulfide 929 enoximone A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. ditazole|ageroplas|diethylphenazol|ditazol 93 amfetamine A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. adinazolam|adinazolam mesylate|adinazolam mesilate|deracyn 930 dapsone A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8) dithiazanine iodide|dithiazanine 931 piridocaine sodium diethyldithiocarbamate|ditiocarb sodium|ditiocarb|thiocarb|N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamic acid|N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate 932 pindolol A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638) 933 bunitrolol dixyrazine|esocalm|esucos 934 trimecaine Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic. menthol|hexahydrothymol|menthacamphor|menthomenthol|thymomenthol|levomenthol|(-)-menthol 935 pyrimethamine One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis. d-mannitol|mannitol|mannitol,d-|bronchitol 936 alendronic acid A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis. dobesilate|calcium dobesilate|dexium|dobesilate calcium|doxium|hydroquinone calcium sulfate|hydroquinone calcium sulfonate|calcium doxybensylate 937 cinchophen dobutamine|dobutamine hydrochloride|dobutamine HCl 938 sulfapyridine Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases. docarpamine|tanadopa 939 erdosteine docetaxel hydrate|docetaxel|docetaxol|docetere|taxotel|taxotere|docetaxel anhydrous|RP 56976|RP-56976 94 allopurinol A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms. adiphenine|adiphenin|diphacil|diphenylacetic acid diethylaminoethyl ester|tranzetil|trasentin|trasentine|adiphenine hydrochloride|adiphenine HCl 940 epinastine direct H1-receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of the release of histamine from the mast cell, indicated for the prevention of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis docosanol|abreva|behenic alcohol|behenyl alcohol|docosyl alcohol|1-Docosanol 941 mabuprofen docusate|dioctyl sulfosuccinate|dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid|docusate sodium|docusate calcium|dioctyl disodium sulfosuccinate 942 ciramadol benzylamine analgesics; structure given in fourth source UK 68798|dofetilide|tikosyn|UK-68,798 943 alprenolol One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent. 944 benzoctamine minor descriptor (72); major descriptor (73-86); on line search ANTHRACENES (72-86); INDEX MEDICUS search ANTHRACENES (72); BENZOCTAMINE (73-86) domiodol|mucolitico 945 diflunisal A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN. domperidone betadex|domperidone betacyclodextrin|domperidone|motilium|peridon|domperidone maleate 946 metesculetol aricept|donepezil|donepezil hydrochloride|donepezil HCl|donezpil hydrochloride|donezpil|donezpil HCl|donepezilium oxalate trihydrate|donepezilium oxalate|donepezil oxalate|E2020|E-2020 948 olprinone dopexamine 949 sulfadiazine One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections. dorzolamide|dorzolamide hydrochloride|dorzolamide HCl 95 pentaerythritol adrafinil|olmifon|benzhydrylsulfinylacetohydroxamic acid|adrafinyl|CRL-40028 950 heptabarb 951 methaqualone A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604) dosulepin|dosulepine|dothiepin|prothiaden|prothiadene|dosulepin hydrochloride|dothiepin hydrochloride|dosulepin HCl|dothiepin HCl 952 butazolamide 954 gemfibrozil A lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol. doxazosin|doxazosin mesylate|doxazosine|doxazosin mesilate 955 naepaine doxefazepam|doxans 956 rivastigmine A carbamate-derived reversible CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR that is selective for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and is used for the treatment of DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE. P-3693A|doxepin|doxepine|doxepin hydrochloride|silenor|doxepin HCl 957 amfetaminil a supposedly insoluble amphetamine complex that may release amphetamine; proposed as central nervous system stimulant; minor desriptor (78-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound hectorol|doxercalciferol 958 alibendol 5-DFUR|doxifluridine|flutron|furtulon 959 dimethazan doxofylline|ansimar|dioxyfilline|doxophylline 96 phenylpropanol adrenalone|4-Methylaminoacetopyrocatechol|adrenon|adrenone|methaminoacetocatech|stryphnone|stryphnon 960 rimazolium doxorubicin|hydroxydaunomycin|hydroxydaunorubicin|rubidox|doxorubicin hydrochloride|liposomal doxorubicin|hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride|adriamycin|doxorubicin HCl|hydroxydaunorubicin HCl|adriacin 961 xibenolol doxycycline|doxycycline hyclate|doxycycline calcium|doxycycline hydrochloride|doxycycline hydrate|doxycycline HCl|acticlate 962 cyverine doxylamine|(+/-)-Doxylamine|doxylamine succinate 963 pirprofen anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure 964 cycloguanil the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug 965 uracil mustard Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. medrotestron|metholone|dromostanolone propionate|emdisterone|medrotestron propionate|medrotestrone propanoate|medrotestrone propionate|prometholone|permastril|drostanolone propionate 966 anisindione a synthetic anticoagulant it exercises its therapeutic action by reducing the prothrombin activity of the blood by inhibiting the vitamin K–mediated gamma-carboxylation of precursor proteins droperidol|dehydrobenzperidol|droleptan|inapsin|inapsine|neurolidol 967 phenytoin An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. dropropizine|catabex|dopropizin|dipropizine 968 oxcarbazepine an antiepileptic drug, precise mechanism by which oxcarbazepine exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, however, in vitro electrophysiological studies indicate that it produces blockade of voltage-sensitive sodium channels, resulting in stabilization of hyperexcited neural membranes, inhibition of repetitive neuronal firing, and diminution of propagation of synaptic impulses drospirenone|dihydrospirorenone|drospirenona 969 cimetidine A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output. dihydroisoperparine|drotaverin hydrochloride|drotaverine hydrochloride|drotaverine HCl|drotaverine|drotaverin|isodihydroperparine 97 phenelzine One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. 970 cioteronel droxicam|dobenam|droxar|ombolan 971 bromoform northera|L-DOPS|droxidopa|threo-Dopaserine|L-threo-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine 972 pyricarbate A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408) yentreve|cymbalta|duloxetine|(S)-Duloxetine|duloxetine hydrochloride|duloxetine HCl 973 penciclovir The antiviral compound penciclovir has inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2). In cells infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2, the viral thymidine kinase phosphorylates penciclovir to a monophosphate form that, in turn, is converted by cellular kinases to the active form penciclovir triphosphate. Biochemical studies demonstrate that penciclovir triphosphate inhibits HSV polymerase competitively with deoxyguanosine triphosphate. Consequently, herpes viral DNA synthesis and, therefore, replication are selectively inhibited. dutasteride|veltride|avodart|avolve|GG745|GG-745 974 triamterene A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. dyclonine|dyclonine hydrochloride|dyclocaine|dyclonin|dyclonine HCl 975 actinoquinol radiation protectant dydrogesterone|hydrogesterone|isopregnenone 976 sulfamethoxazole A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208) dyphylline|diprophylline|aristophyllin|corphyllin|diphyllin|diphylline|diprophyllin|glyphyllin|glyphylline|hidroxiteofillina|neophyllin|neutrafillina|neutraphyllin|neutraphylline|neutroxantina|protheophylline|propyphyllin|synthophylline 977 ethacridine A topically applied anti-infective agent. ebastine|bastel|ebastel|ebastin|erostin|kestine 978 vanitiolide eberconazole|ebernet|eberconazole nitrate 979 nefopam Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26) FI-3542|ebrotidine|ebrodin|ulsanic 98 betahistine A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers. afloqualone|aroft|arofuto 980 meladrazine 981 tolpropamine TA-2711|ecabet|ecabet sodium 982 tizanidine Tizanidine is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites and presumably reduces spasticity by increasing presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons. In animal models, tizanidine has no direct effect on skeletal muscle fibers or the neuromuscular junction, and no major effect on monosynaptic spinal reflexes. The effects of tizanidine are greatest on polysynaptic pathways. The overall effect of these actions is thought to reduce facilitation of spinal motor neurons. echothiophate|ecothiopate|ecothiophate|phospholine|echothiophate iodide 983 proguanil A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent. econazole|econazole nitrate|ecostatin|micofugal 984 dichlorophenarsine ectylurea|levanil 985 iodothiouracil 986 cinromide edatrexate 987 diprophylline A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. edetate disodium|edetic acid|EDTA|edathamil|endrate|ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid|edetate calcium disodium|calcium disodium versenate 988 menadione sodium bisulfite A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. edrophonium|edrophonium chloride 989 ketoprofen An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. efavirenz|stocrin|(-)-efavirenz|sustiva 99 homonicotinic acid S20098|S-20098|agomelatine|valdoxan|thymanax 990 fenbufen an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic activity eflornithine hydrochloride monohydrate|eflornithine hydrochloride anhydrous|vaniqa|eflornithine hydrochloride|eflornithine|elfornithine|ornidyl|alpha-(Difluoromethyl)-DL-ornithine|eflornithine hydrochloride hydrate|eflornithine HCl 991 dexketoprofen a water-soluble tromethamine salt of the racemic ketoprofen, rac(+-)-ketoprofen efloxate|flacethyle|oxiflavil|oxyflavil 992 midodrine An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION. efonidipine|efonidipine hydrochloride|zeria|efonidipine HCl 993 nepafenac penetrates the cornea and is converted by ocular tissue hydrolases to amfenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, amfenac is thought to inhibit the action of prostaglandin H synthase (cyclooxygenase), an enzyme required for prostaglandin production azuloxa|egualen sodium hydrate|egualen sodium|KT1–32|egualen|azuletil 995 sulfadicramide eletriptan|eletriptan hydrobromide|UK 116044-04|UK-116,044|relpax 996 thiamylal A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919) elliptinium|celiptium|ellipticine acetomethylate|elliptinium acetate 998 bucricaine embramine hydrochloride|embramine HCl|mebrophenhydramine|bromadryl|embramine 999 phenbenzamine emedastine difumarate ophthalmic solution|emedastine fumarate|emadine|emedastine|emedastine difumarate|daren