made by p y LODE 2.8.5

Digital Construction Materials

Metadata

URI
https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials
Creator (s)
Janakiram Karlapudi (janakiram.karlapudi@tu-dresden.de)
Prathap Valluru (prathap.valluru@tu-dresden.de)
Contributor (s)
Seppo Törmä (seppo.torma@visualynk.com)
Issued
2021-04-21T16:00:00
Version Information
0.5
Version URI
https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials
Imports
https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Entities/entities.ttl
Ontology RDF
RDF (turtle)

Description

The Material Ontology defining the main concepts of building material, type and its properties.

Table of Contents

  1. Classes
  2. Object Properties
  3. Datatype Properties
  4. Annotation Properties
  5. Named Individuals
  6. Namespaces
  7. Legend

Overview

The Digital Construction Building Material Ontology (DICM) explicitly defines the necessary relationships between building elements, constructions’ details, materials and their properties. As such, it aims to provide information related to construction details, materials, properties, values and units.

Information about building materials is one of the important aspects to manage a building holistically and in a sustainable way over all phases of its building life cycle. The assignment of material specifications to building elements and sharing these details between stakeholders involved in a project is a decisive task. It will influence the project largely. These properties associated with different layers of building elements are necessary to perform energy, acoustic, lighting, etc. simulations at different stages of the project. Development and analysis of engineering models of a building from its early stages onwards enable performance evaluations and support informed design choices and decisions based on optimization. Seamless data transfer from the BIM model to analytical models considerably increases the efficiency and reduces the inconsistencies, efforts, and time in collaboration scenarios. However, challenges in data sharing activities are persistent in the current workflow for the conversion of BIM models to analytical models. Hence, the DICM ontology was developed to represent construction and material models of building elements and to improve interoperability. The concepts considered in the DICM ontology are represented in the figure below.

The ontology as illustrated in the following figure contains the major classes which are dicm:Material , dicm:MaterialObjectStructure , dicm:MaterialProperty , dicv:BuildingObject , dicv:QuantitativeProperty . Which also have major object properties, those are dicm:hasMaterial , dicm:hasLayer , dicm:hasLayerSet , dicm:hasAdjacentElementLayer , dicm:hasAdjacentLayer , dicm:adjacentElement and dicv:isPropertyFor . Data properties for material data are also defined.

The classes defined in the DICM ontology are shown below.

The entities of the class dice:BuildingObject represent parts of a building, and has a subclass related to the material object structure. The dicm:MaterialObjectStructure is a concept to represent material related information that has material related properties. The classes dicm:Layer , dicm:LayerSet , dicm:Profile , dicm:ProfileSet are the subclasses of dicm:MaterialObjectStructure . The primary focus is on dicm:Layer , and dicm:LayerSet . The dicm:Layer is a single and identifiable part of an element which is constructed of a number of layers (one or more). The dicm:LayerSet is a designation by which materials of an element constructed of a number of material layers is known and through which the relative positioning of individual layers can be expressed.

The class dice:MaterialEntity is equivalent to the BFO class 'material entity'. It has two subclasses. One is dicm:MaterialBatch , which is defined as a collection of homogeneous physical substance that participates in the construction project as the input of a process. Second concept is dicm:Material , which is used to represents homogeneous or inhomogeneous substance that can be used to form elements. It depicts the material assigned to a product. The dicm:Material has 4 subclasses, they are dicm:CompositeMaterial , dicm:InorganicNonMetallicMaterial , dicm:MetallicMaterial , dicm:OrganicMaterial . dicm:MetallicMaterial is to represents the metals which are crystalline and has a structure consists of crystals and grains. Example individuals of this material type are steel or cast iron. dicm:OrganicMaterial is used to define the organic materials such as wood, polymer, or bitumen. dicm:CompositeMaterial represents the constituent materials like concrete, masonry, or reinforced concrete. dicm:InorganicNonMetallicMaterial defines the material types such as glass, or natural stones.

The dicv:QuantitativeProperty is a class that can assume quantitative values. The concept dicm:MaterialProperty subclass of dicv:QunatitativeProperty and is used to represents the different properties of materialThe dicm:MaterialProperty have 9 subclasses, which represents different kinds of material properties:

Classes &uparrow

AcidityConcentration c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#AcidityConcentration
Description

Maximum CaCO3 equivalent that would neutralize the acid;

Super-classes dicm:MaterialChemicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Concentration c

AlkalinityConcentration c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#AlkalinityConcentration
Description

Maximum alkalinity concentration (maximum sum of concentrations of each of the negative ions substances measured as CaCO3)

Super-classes dicm:MaterialChemicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Concentration c

BoilingPoint c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#BoilingPoint
Super-classes dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Temperature c

CO2Content c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#CO2Content
Super-classes dicm:MaterialCombustionProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio c

COContent c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#COContent
Super-classes dicm:MaterialCombustionProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio c

CarbonContent c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#CarbonContent
Description

The carbon content in the fuel; This is measured in weight of carbon per unit weight of fuel and is therefore unitless [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialFuelProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio c

CombustionTemperature c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#CombustionTemperature
Description

Combustion temperature of the material when air is at 298 K and 100 kPa [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialFuelProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Temperature c

CompositeMaterial c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#CompositeMaterial
Super-classes dicm:Material c

Constituent c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Constituent
Description

Constituent is a single and identifiable part of an element which is constructed of a number of part (one or more) each having an individual material. (Source:IFC)

Super-classes dicm:MaterialObjectStructure c
In range of dicm:hasConstituent dp

ConstituentSet c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ConstituentSet
Description

ConstituentSet is a collection of individual material constituents, each assigning a material to a part of an element. (Source:IFC)

Super-classes dicm:MaterialObjectStructure c
In range of dicm:hasConstituentSet op

DynamicViscosity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#DynamicViscosity
Description

A measure of the viscous resistance of the material [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialMechanicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:DynamicViscosity c

FreezingPoint c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#FreezingPoint
Super-classes dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Temperature c

GasPressure c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#GasPressure
Description

Fill pressure (for insance, for between-pane gas fills): the pressure exerted by a mass of gas confined in a constant volume [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialEnergyProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Pressure c

Hardness c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Hardness
Description

Water hardness as positive, multivalent ion concentration in the water (usually concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions in terms of calcium carbonate)

Super-classes dicm:MaterialChemicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Concentration c

HigherHeatingValue c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#HigherHeatingValue
Description

Higher Heating Value is defined as the amount of energy released (MJ/kg) when a fuel is burned completely, and H2O is in liquid form in the combustion products [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialFuelProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:SpecificInternalEnergy c

InorganicNonMetallicMaterial c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#InorganicNonMetallicMaterial
Super-classes dicm:Material c

IsothermalMoistureCapacity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#IsothermalMoistureCapacity
Description

Based on water vapor density [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialHygroscopicProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Density c

Layer c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Layer
Description

The concept to represent a layer of an element

Super-classes dicm:MaterialObjectStructure c
In domain of dicm:isInnerLayerOf op
dicm:hasAdjacentLayer op
dicm:isOuterLayerOf op
In range of dicm:hasInnerLayer op
dicm:hasAdjacentElementLayer op
dicm:hasAdjacentLayer op
dicm:hasOuterLayer op
dicm:hasLayer op

LayerSet c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#LayerSet
Description

LayerSet is a designation by which materials of an element constructed of a number of material layers is known and through which the relative positioning of individual layers can be expressed. (Source:IFC)

Super-classes dicm:MaterialObjectStructure c
In range of dicm:hasLayerSet op

LowerHeatingValue c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#LowerHeatingValue
Description

Lower Heating Value is defined as the amount of energy released (MJ/kg) when a fuel is burned completely, and H2O is in vapor form in the combustion products [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialFuelProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:SpecificInternalEnergy c

LowerVaporResistanceFactor c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#LowerVaporResistanceFactor
Description

The vapor permeability relationship of air/material (typically value > 1), measured in low relative humidity (typically in 0/50 % RH) [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialHygroscopicProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio c

MassDensity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MassDensity
Description

Material mass density [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialPhysicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:MassDensity c

Material c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Material
Description

a homogeneous or inhomogeneous substance that can be used to form elements (physical products or their components). [ISO 16739]

Super-classes dice:MaterialEntity c
Sub-classes dicm:InorganicNonMetallicMaterial c
dicm:MetallicMaterial c
dicm:OrganicaMaterial c
dicm:CompositeMaterial c
In domain of dicm:hasThermalExpansionCoefficient dp
dicm:hasCO2Content dp
dicm:hasN20Content dp
dicm:hasHigherHeatingValue dp
dicm:hasThermalIrEmissivityBack dp
dicm:hasMoistureCapacityThermalGradient dp
dicm:hasFreezingPoint dp
dicm:hasSpecificHeatCapacity dp
dicm:hasThermalConductivityTemperatureDerivative dp
dicm:hasPoissonRatio dp
dicm:hasMoistureDiffusivity dp
dicm:hasSolarTransmittance dp
dicm:hasMolecularWeight dp
dicm:hasThermalConductivity dp
dicm:hasVaporPermeability dp
dicm:hasHardness dp
dicm:hasVisibleReflectanceBack dp
dicm:hasYoungModulus dp
dicm:hasThermalIrEmissivityFront dp
dicm:hasVisibleReflectanceFront dp
dicm:hasSolarReflectanceBack dp
dicm:hasBoilingPoint dp
dicm:hasCarbonContent dp
dicm:hasLowerHeatingValue dp
dicm:hasGasPressure dp
dicm:hasLowerVaporResistanceFactor dp
dicm:hasViscosityTemperatureDerivative dp
dicm:hasSolarRefractionIndex dp
dicm:hasDynamicViscosity dp
dicm:hasIsothermalMoistureCapacity dp
dicm:hasCOContent dp
dicm:hasMassDensity dp
dicm:hasVisibleRefractionIndex dp
dicm:hasShearModulus dp
dicm:hasPorosity dp
dicm:hasSpecificHeatTemperatureDerivative dp
dicm:hasUpperVaporResistanceFactor dp
dicm:hasPHLevel dp
dicm:hasCombustionTemperature dp
dicm:hasSolarReflectanceFront dp
dicm:hasVisibleTransmittance dp
In range of dicm:hasMaterial op

MaterialBatch c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialBatch
Description

Material batch refers to the collection of homogeneous physical substance that participates in the construction project as the input of a process.

Super-classes dice:MaterialEntity c
In domain of dicm:hasAmount dp
dicm:isMaterialBatchIn op
In range of dicm:hasMaterialBatch op

MaterialChemicalProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialChemicalProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:PHLevel c
dicm:Hardness c
dicm:AlkalinityConcentration c
dicm:AcidityConcentration c

MaterialCombustionProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialCombustionProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:CO2Content c
dicm:COContent c
dicm:N20Content c

MaterialEnergyProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialEnergyProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:ViscosityTemperatureDerivative c
dicm:GasPressure c
dicm:SolarRefractionIndex c
dicm:SpecificHeatTemperatureDerivative c
dicm:MoistureCapacityThermalGradient c
dicm:VisibleRefractionIndex c
dicm:ThermalConductivityTemperatureDerivative c

MaterialFuelProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialFuelProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:LowerHeatingValue c
dicm:CombustionTemperature c
dicm:HigherHeatingValue c
dicm:CarbonContent c

MaterialHygroscopicProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialHygroscopicProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:LowerVaporResistanceFactor c
dicm:UpperVaporResistanceFactor c
dicm:MoistureDiffusivity c
dicm:VaporPermeability c
dicm:IsothermalMoistureCapacity c

MaterialMechanicalProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialMechanicalProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:ShearModulus c
dicm:PoissonRatio c
dicm:DynamicViscosity c
dicm:YoungModulus c
dicm:ThermalExpansionCoefficient c

MaterialObjectStructure c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialObjectStructure
Description

A concept to represent material related information that has material related properties

Super-classes dice:BuildingObject c
Sub-classes dicm:ConstituentSet c
dicm:Layer c
dicm:Constituent c
dicm:Profile c
dicm:ProfileSet c
dicm:LayerSet c

MaterialOpticalProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialOpticalProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:SolarTransmittance c
dicm:ThermalIrEmissivityFront c
dicm:VisibleReflectanceFront c
dicm:VisibleReflectanceBack c
dicm:SolarReflectanceFront c
dicm:VisibleTransmittance c
dicm:ThermalIrEmissivityBack c
dicm:SolarReflectanceBack c

MaterialPhysicalProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialPhysicalProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:Porosity c
dicm:Thickness c
dicm:MolecularWeight c
dicm:MassDensity c

MaterialProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialProperty
Description

A characterstic of a material

Super-classes dicv:QuantitativeProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:MaterialMechanicalProperty c
dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
dicm:MaterialFuelProperty c
dicm:MaterialCombustionProperty c
dicm:MaterialEnergyProperty c
dicm:MaterialHygroscopicProperty c
dicm:MaterialPhysicalProperty c
dicm:MaterialChemicalProperty c

MaterialThermalProperty c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MaterialThermalProperty
Super-classes dicm:MaterialProperty c
Sub-classes dicm:ThermalTransmittance c
dicm:ThermalMass c
dicm:SpecificHeatCapacity c
dicm:ThermalConductivity c
dicm:FreezingPoint c
dicm:ThermalCapacity c
dicm:BoilingPoint c
dicm:ThermalResistivity c

MetallicMaterial c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MetallicMaterial
Super-classes dicm:Material c

MoistureCapacityThermalGradient c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MoistureCapacityThermalGradient
Description

Thermal gradient coefficient for moisture capacity. Based on water vapor density.[ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialEnergyProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ThermalDiffusionFactor c

MoistureDiffusivity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MoistureDiffusivity
Description

Moisture diffusivity is a transport property that is frequently used in the hygrothermal analysis of building envelope components. Moisture diffusivity is a transport property that is frequently used in the hygrothermal analysis of building envelope components. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialHygroscopicProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value dicu:ThermalDiffusivity c

MolecularWeight c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#MolecularWeight
Super-classes dicm:MaterialPhysicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:MolecularMass c

N20Content c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#N20Content
Super-classes dicm:MaterialCombustionProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio c

OrganicaMaterial c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#OrganicaMaterial
Super-classes dicm:Material c

PHLevel c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#PHLevel
Description

Maximum water PH in a range from 0-14.

Super-classes dicm:MaterialChemicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Dimensionless c

PoissonRatio c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#PoissonRatio
Description

A measure of the lateral deformations in the elastic range. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialMechanicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:PoissonRatio c

Porosity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Porosity
Super-classes dicm:MaterialPhysicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio c

Profile c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Profile
Description

Profile is a single and identifiable cross section of an element which is constructed of a number of profiles (one or more) (Source:IFC).

Super-classes dicm:MaterialObjectStructure c
In range of dicm:hasProfile op

ProfileSet c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ProfileSet
Description

ProfileSet is a designation by which individual material(s) of a prismatic element (for example, beam or column) constructed of a single or multiple material profiles is known. (Source:IFC)

Super-classes dicm:MaterialObjectStructure c
In range of dicm:hasProfileSet op

ShearModulus c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ShearModulus
Description

A measure of the shear modulus of elasticity of the material. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialMechanicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ShearModulus c

SolarReflectanceBack c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#SolarReflectanceBack
Description

Reflectance at normal incidence (solar): back side. Defines the fraction of the solar ray that is reflected and not transmitted when the ray passes from one medium into another, at the backside of the other material, perpendicular to the surface. Dependent on material and surface characteristics. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ReflectanceFactor c

SolarReflectanceFront c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#SolarReflectanceFront
Description

Reflectance at normal incidence (solar): front side. Defines the fraction of the solar ray that is reflected and not transmitted when the ray passes from one medium into another, at the frontside of the other material, perpendicular to the surface. Dependent on material and surface characteristics.[ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ReflectanceFactor c

SolarRefractionIndex c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#SolarRefractionIndex
Description

Index of refraction (solar) defines the bending of the solar ray when it passes from one medium into another. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialEnergyProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:RefractiveIndex c

SolarTransmittance c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#SolarTransmittance
Description

Transmittance at normal incidence (solar). Defines the fraction of solar radiation that passes through per unit area, perpendicular to the surface. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Transmittance c

SpecificHeatCapacity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#SpecificHeatCapacity
Super-classes dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacity c

SpecificHeatTemperatureDerivative c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#SpecificHeatTemperatureDerivative
Description

Specific heat temperature derivative. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialEnergyProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Dimensionless c

ThermalCapacity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalCapacity
Super-classes dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ThermalEnergy c

ThermalConductivity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalConductivity
Super-classes dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ThermalConductance c

ThermalConductivityTemperatureDerivative c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalConductivityTemperatureDerivative
Description

Thermal conductivity temperature derivative. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialEnergyProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Dimensionless c

ThermalExpansionCoefficient c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalExpansionCoefficient
Description

A measure of the expansion coefficient for warming up the material about one Kelvin. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialMechanicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:VolumeThermalExpansion c

ThermalIrEmissivityBack c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalIrEmissivityBack
Description

Thermal IR emissivity: back side. Defines the fraction of thermal energy emitted per unit area to blackbody at the same temperature, through the back side of the material. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Emissivity c

ThermalIrEmissivityFront c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalIrEmissivityFront
Description

Thermal IR emissivity: front side. Defines the fraction of thermal energy emitted per unit area to blackbody at the same temperature, through the frontside of the material.[ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Emissivity c

ThermalMass c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalMass
Super-classes dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Mass c

ThermalResistivity c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalResistivity
Super-classes dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ThermalResistivity c

ThermalTransmittance c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ThermalTransmittance
Super-classes dicm:MaterialThermalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:CoefficientOfHeatTransfer c

Thickness c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Thickness
Super-classes dicm:MaterialPhysicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Length c

UpperVaporResistanceFactor c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#UpperVaporResistanceFactor
Description

The vapor permeability relationship of air/material (typically value > 1), measured in high relative humidity (typically in 95/50 % RH). [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialHygroscopicProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:PermeabilityRatio c

VaporPermeability c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#VaporPermeability
Description

The rate of water vapor transmission per unit area per unit of vapor pressure differential under test conditions. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialHygroscopicProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Permeability c

ViscosityTemperatureDerivative c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#ViscosityTemperatureDerivative
Description

Viscosity temperature derivative. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialEnergyProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Dimensionless c

VisibleReflectanceBack c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#VisibleReflectanceBack
Description

Reflectance at normal incidence (visible): back side. Defines the fraction of the solar ray in the visible spectrum that is reflected and not transmitted when the ray passes from one medium into another, at the backside of the other material, perpendicular to the surface. Dependent on material and surface characteristics.[ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ReflectanceFactor c

VisibleReflectanceFront c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#VisibleReflectanceFront
Description

Reflectance at normal incidence (visible): front side. Defines the fraction of the solar ray in the visible spectrum that is reflected and not transmitted when the ray passes from one medium into another, at the frontside of the other material, perpendicular to the surface. Dependent on material and surface characteristics.[ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ReflectanceFactor c

VisibleRefractionIndex c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#VisibleRefractionIndex
Description

Index of refraction (visible) defines the bending of the solar ray in the visible spectrum when it passes from one medium into another. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialEnergyProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:RefractiveIndex c

VisibleTransmittance c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#VisibleTransmittance
Description

Transmittance at normal incidence (visible). Defines the fraction of the visible spectrum of solar radiation that passes through per unit area, perpendicular to the surface. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialOpticalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:Transmittance c

YoungModulus c

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#YoungModulus
Description

A measure of the Young's modulus of elasticity of the material. [ISO 16739-1:2018]

Super-classes dicm:MaterialMechanicalProperty c
Restrictions dicv:hasQuantityKind value quantitykind:ModulusOfElasticity c

Object Properties &uparrow

hasAdjacentElementLayer op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasAdjacentElementLayer
Range(s) dicm:Layer c

hasAdjacentLayer op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasAdjacentLayer
Domain(s) dicm:Layer c
Range(s) dicm:Layer c

hasConstituentSet op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasConstituentSet
Range(s) dicm:ConstituentSet c

InnerLayer op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasInnerLayer
Super-properties dicm:hasLayer op
Inverse properties dicm:isInnerLayerOf op
Range(s) dicm:Layer c

hasLayer op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasLayer
Range(s) dicm:Layer c

hasLayerSet op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasLayerSet
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Range(s) dicm:LayerSet c

hasMaterial op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasMaterial
Range(s) dicm:Material c

hasMaterialBatch op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasMaterialBatch
Super-properties dice:hasParticipant
Inverse properties dice:isMateriaBatchlIn
Domain(s) dice:Process c
Range(s) dicm:MaterialBatch c

OuterLayer op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasOuterLayer
Super-properties dicm:hasLayer op
Range(s) dicm:Layer c

hasProfile op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasProfile
Range(s) dicm:Profile c

hasProfileSet op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasProfileSet
Range(s) dicm:ProfileSet c

IsInnerLayerOf op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#isInnerLayerOf
Domain(s) dicm:Layer c

isMaterialBatchIn op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#isMaterialBatchIn
Super-properties dice:participatesIn
Inverse properties dice:hasMaterialBatch
Domain(s) dicm:MaterialBatch c
Range(s) dice:Process c

IsOuterLayerOf op

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#isOuterLayerOf
Inverse properties dicm:hasOuterLayer op
Domain(s) dicm:Layer c

Datatype Properties &uparrow

NumberOfLayers dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#NumberOfLayers
Range(s) xsd:integer c

UsedFor dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#UsedFor
Range(s) xsd:string c

hasAcidityConcentration dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasAcidityConcentration
Description Maximum CaCO3 equivalent that would neutralize the acid;

hasAlkalinityConcentration dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasAlkalinityConcentration
Description Maximum alkalinity concentration (maximum sum of concentrations of each of the negative ions substances measured as CaCO3)

hasAmount dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasAmount
Domain(s) dicm:MaterialBatch c
Range(s) owl:real c

hasBoilingPoint dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasBoilingPoint
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasCO2Content dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasCO2Content
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasCOContent dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasCOContent
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasCarbonContent dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasCarbonContent
Description The carbon content in the fuel; This is measured in weight of carbon per unit weight of fuel and is therefore unitless [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasCombustionTemperature dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasCombustionTemperature
Description Combustion temperature of the material when air is at 298 K and 100 kPa [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasConstituent dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasConstituent
Range(s) dicm:Constituent c

hasDefinedValue dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasDefinedValue
Description Defined value is the standard value taken from the authenticated sources. For example, it is a value taken from the standards.
Super-properties dicm:hasValue
Range(s) xsd:double c

hasDynamicViscosity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasDynamicViscosity
Description A measure of the viscous resistance of the material [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasEstimatedValue dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasEstimatedValue
Description Estimated value is the derived value or calculated value by using other property values
Super-properties dicm:hasValue
Range(s) xsd:double c

hasFreezingPoint dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasFreezingPoint
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasGasPressure dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasGasPressure
Description Fill pressure (for insance, for between-pane gas fills): the pressure exerted by a mass of gas confined in a constant volume [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasHardness dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasHardness
Description Water hardness as positive, multivalent ion concentration in the water (usually concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions in terms of calcium carbonate)
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasHigherHeatingValue dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasHigherHeatingValue
Description Higher Heating Value is defined as the amount of energy released (MJ/kg) when a fuel is burned completely, and H2O is in liquid form in the combustion products [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasIsothermalMoistureCapacity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasIsothermalMoistureCapacity
Description Based on water vapor density [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasLowerHeatingValue dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasLowerHeatingValue
Description Lower Heating Value is defined as the amount of energy released (MJ/kg) when a fuel is burned completely, and H2O is in vapor form in the combustion products [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasLowerVaporResistanceFactor dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasLowerVaporResistanceFactor
Description The vapor permeability relationship of air/material (typically value > 1), measured in low relative humidity (typically in 0/50 % RH) [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasMassDensity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasMassDensity
Description Material mass density [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasMeasuredValue dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasMeasuredValue
Description Measured Value is the resulted value from the measurement process
Super-properties dicm:hasValue
Range(s) xsd:double c

hasMoistureCapacityThermalGradient dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasMoistureCapacityThermalGradient
Description Thermal gradient coefficient for moisture capacity. Based on water vapor density.[ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasMoistureDiffusivity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasMoistureDiffusivity
Description Moisture diffusivity is a transport property that is frequently used in the hygrothermal analysis of building envelope components. Moisture diffusivity is a transport property that is frequently used in the hygrothermal analysis of building envelope components. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasMolecularWeight dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasMolecularWeight
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasN20Content dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasN20Content
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasPHLevel dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasPHLevel
Description Maximum water PH in a range from 0-14.
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasPoissonRatio dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasPoissonRatio
Description A measure of the lateral deformations in the elastic range. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasPorosity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasPorosity
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasReference dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasReference
Description hasRefrence: is used to represent the relation between property and the source from where it is taken.
Domain(s) dicv:QuantitativeProperty c
Range(s) xsd:string c

hasShearModulus dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasShearModulus
Description A measure of the shear modulus of elasticity of the material. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasSolarReflectanceBack dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasSolarReflectanceBack
Description Reflectance at normal incidence (solar): back side. Defines the fraction of the solar ray that is reflected and not transmitted when the ray passes from one medium into another, at the backside of the other material, perpendicular to the surface. Dependent on material and surface characteristics. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasSolarReflectanceFront dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasSolarReflectanceFront
Description Reflectance at normal incidence (solar): front side. Defines the fraction of the solar ray that is reflected and not transmitted when the ray passes from one medium into another, at the frontside of the other material, perpendicular to the surface. Dependent on material and surface characteristics.[ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasSolarRefractionIndex dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasSolarRefractionIndex
Description Index of refraction (solar) defines the bending of the solar ray when it passes from one medium into another. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasSolarTransmittance dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasSolarTransmittance
Description Transmittance at normal incidence (solar). Defines the fraction of solar radiation that passes through per unit area, perpendicular to the surface. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasSpecificHeatCapacity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasSpecificHeatCapacity
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasSpecificHeatTemperatureDerivative dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasSpecificHeatTemperatureDerivative
Description Specific heat temperature derivative. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasThermalCapacity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalCapacity

hasThermalConductivity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalConductivity
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasThermalConductivityTemperatureDerivative dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalConductivityTemperatureDerivative
Description Thermal conductivity temperature derivative. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasThermalExpansionCoefficient dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalExpansionCoefficient
Description A measure of the expansion coefficient for warming up the material about one Kelvin. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasThermalIrEmissivityBack dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalIrEmissivityBack
Description Thermal IR emissivity: back side. Defines the fraction of thermal energy emitted per unit area to blackbody at the same temperature, through the back side of the material. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasThermalIrEmissivityFront dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalIrEmissivityFront
Description Thermal IR emissivity: front side. Defines the fraction of thermal energy emitted per unit area to blackbody at the same temperature, through the frontside of the material.[ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasThermalMass dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalMass

hasThermalResistivity dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalResistivity

hasThermalTransmittance dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThermalTransmittance

hasThickness dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasThickness

hasUpperVaporResistanceFactor dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasUpperVaporResistanceFactor
Description The vapor permeability relationship of air/material (typically value > 1), measured in high relative humidity (typically in 95/50 % RH). [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasVaporPermeability dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasVaporPermeability
Description The rate of water vapor transmission per unit area per unit of vapor pressure differential under test conditions. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasViscosityTemperatureDerivative dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasViscosityTemperatureDerivative
Description Viscosity temperature derivative. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasVisibleReflectanceBack dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasVisibleReflectanceBack
Description Reflectance at normal incidence (visible): back side. Defines the fraction of the solar ray in the visible spectrum that is reflected and not transmitted when the ray passes from one medium into another, at the backside of the other material, perpendicular to the surface. Dependent on material and surface characteristics.[ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasVisibleReflectanceFront dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasVisibleReflectanceFront
Description Reflectance at normal incidence (visible): front side. Defines the fraction of the solar ray in the visible spectrum that is reflected and not transmitted when the ray passes from one medium into another, at the frontside of the other material, perpendicular to the surface. Dependent on material and surface characteristics.[ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasVisibleRefractionIndex dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasVisibleRefractionIndex
Description Index of refraction (visible) defines the bending of the solar ray in the visible spectrum when it passes from one medium into another. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasVisibleTransmittance dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasVisibleTransmittance
Description Transmittance at normal incidence (visible). Defines the fraction of the visible spectrum of solar radiation that passes through per unit area, perpendicular to the surface. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

hasYoungModulus dp

URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#hasYoungModulus
Description A measure of the Young's modulus of elasticity of the material. [ISO 16739-1:2018]
Domain(s) dicm:Material c

Annotation Properties &uparrow

license ap

URI http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/license

contributor ap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor

creator ap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

description ap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

issued ap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

license ap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

modified ap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

title ap

URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

preferredNamespacePrefix ap

URI http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferredNamespaceUri ap

URI http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri

Named Individuals &uparrow

Aluminium ni

Classes(s)
dicm:MetallicMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Aluminium

Bitumen ni

Classes(s)
dicm:InorganicNonMetallicMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Bitumen

CastIron ni

Classes(s)
dicm:MetallicMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#CastIron

CementStone ni

Classes(s)
dicm:OrganicaMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#CementStone

Ceramic ni

Classes(s)
dicm:OrganicaMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Ceramic

Concrete ni

Classes(s)
dicm:CompositeMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Concrete

Copper ni

Classes(s)
dicm:MetallicMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Copper

Glass ni

Classes(s)
dicm:OrganicaMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Glass

Masonry ni

Classes(s)
dicm:CompositeMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Masonry

Polymer ni

Classes(s)
dicm:InorganicNonMetallicMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Polymer

Steel ni

Classes(s)
dicm:MetallicMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Steel

Wood ni

Classes(s)
dicm:InorganicNonMetallicMaterial
URI https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#Wood

Namespaces &uparrow

dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dct
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dice
https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Entities#
dicm
https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Materials#
dicu
https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Units#
dicv
https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/0.5/Variables#
obda
https://w3id.org/obda/vocabulary#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
quantitykind
http://qudt.org/2.1/vocab/quantitykind/
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
sdo
https://schema.org/
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
vann
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Legend

c Classes
op Object Properties
fp Functional Properties
dp Data Properties
dp Annotation Properties
p Properties
ni Named Individuals