@prefix : <https://w3id.org/emmo#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@base <https://w3id.org/emmo#> .
<https://w3id.org/emmo/mereocausality> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
owl:versionIRI <https://w3id.org/emmo/1.0.0/mereocausality> ;
owl:imports <https://w3id.org/emmo/1.0.0/contributors> ;
dcterms:abstract """Introduces the fundamental mereocausal (and mereotopological) concepts of EMMO and their relations with the real world entities that they represent. EMMO uses mereocausality as the ground for all the subsequent ontology modules.
The concept of causal connection is used to distinguish between ontology entities: items are causally self-connected objects, while collections are causally disconnected.
Quantum mereology is based on the concept of quantum entity.
This module introduces also the fundamental mereotopological relations used to distinguish between space and time dimensions, making spacetime emerge from underlying network of causal relations between quantum entities."""@en ;
dcterms:contributor :AdhamHashibon ,
:AnnedeBaas ,
:FrancescoZaccarini ,
:GeorgSchmitz ,
:GerhardGoldbeck ,
:JesperFriis ,
:SebastianoMoruzzi ;
dcterms:creator :EmanueleGhedini ;
dcterms:license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ;
dcterms:publisher <https://emmc.eu> ;
dcterms:title "Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology"@en ,
"Mereocausality"@en ;
rdfs:comment "The EMMO requires HermiT reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en ;
owl:versionInfo "1.0.0" ;
foaf:mbox <mailto:emmo@emmc.eu> ;
:EMMO_1246b120_abbe_4840_b0f8_3e4348b24a17 "emmo@emmc.eu" .
#################################################################
# Annotation properties
#################################################################
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract
dcterms:abstract rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor
dcterms:contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
dcterms:creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
dcterms:license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher
dcterms:publisher rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
dcterms:title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy
rdfs:isDefinedBy rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
rdfs:label rdfs:range rdfs:Literal .
### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso
rdfs:seeAlso rdfs:comment """EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms:
- 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology
- 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject
- 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject"""@en ,
"Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource."@en .
### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel
skos:altLabel rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label .
### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example
skos:example rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#hiddenLabel
skos:hiddenLabel rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label .
### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel
skos:prefLabel rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#fullAddress
<http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#fullAddress> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo
foaf:logo rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox
foaf:mbox rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name
foaf:name rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/workplaceHomepage
foaf:workplaceHomepage rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1246b120_abbe_4840_b0f8_3e4348b24a17
:EMMO_1246b120_abbe_4840_b0f8_3e4348b24a17 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "contact"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource"@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "The annotation should include an email address."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_157fdf31_6387_42be_8e72_10530519214a
:EMMO_157fdf31_6387_42be_8e72_10530519214a rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "illustration"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:range xsd:anyURI .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "conceptualisation"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand \"what we are talking about\" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation."@en ,
"An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM)."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25
:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:seeAlso "https://wiki.dbpedia.org/" ;
skos:prefLabel "dbpediaReference"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "URL to corresponding dpbedia entry."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:range xsd:anyURI .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "etymology"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en ,
"The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "definition"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db
:EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "OWLRL2DLAxioms"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Axioms to add to the OWL 2 RL version of the ontology to reach DL expressivity."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Axioms to add to the OWL 2 RL version of the ontology to reach DL expressivity."@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-profiles-20121211/"^^xsd:anyURI
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "elucidation"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470
:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "OWL2DLRestrictedAxiom"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "comment"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A text that add some information about the entity."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d
:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.wikipedia.org/" ;
skos:prefLabel "wikipediaReference"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:range xsd:anyURI .
#################################################################
# Object Properties
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d
:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_32eb7161_60ed_4431_8326_81a92aec088c ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
skos:prefLabel "isNotCauseOf"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_07808d05_18d1_4253_96e5_58b8277347de
:EMMO_07808d05_18d1_4253_96e5_58b8277347de rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_fdfa43cd_1f48_4d82_ac49_685fe894558f ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9 ;
skos:prefLabel "isPortionPartOf"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0949a7de_78dc_421d_8603_3b685cb927a3
:EMMO_0949a7de_78dc_421d_8603_3b685cb927a3 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c ;
owl:inverseOf <https://w3id.org/emmo#33fd15ab_7662_4cc6_8bf6_988422efc631> ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/emmo#33fd15ab_7662_4cc6_8bf6_988422efc631> ;
skos:prefLabel "isMemberOf"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_11501e0a_4442_4bd0_8483_7ea6dc8ba444
:EMMO_11501e0a_4442_4bd0_8483_7ea6dc8ba444 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_6735d3ff_67f8_43b5_b5b0_240fbfab4517 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_555d0261_da5e_4301_b7f9_46f604a32e91 ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_555d0261_da5e_4301_b7f9_46f604a32e91 ;
skos:altLabel "hasDirectCause" ;
skos:prefLabel "directlyCausedBye"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1328d112_e731_4e56_b9b9_6b6cdd495cd6
:EMMO_1328d112_e731_4e56_b9b9_6b6cdd495cd6 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_9f55743f_a5e2_4a75_a68c_978c36117dec ;
skos:example "A molecule is a distinct part of a fluid."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasDistinctPart"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "DP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ[φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y)]" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superproperty of all object property relations between an entity and one of its proper parts that belongs to different taxonomical branch."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A part is always distinct xor redundant."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_1328d112_e731_4e56_b9b9_6b6cdd495cd6 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ;
owl:annotatedTarget "DP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ[φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y)]" ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "We usa a predicate template notation as DP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of DP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that DP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ (φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y))"@en ,
"φ is a class of the theory"@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_1328d112_e731_4e56_b9b9_6b6cdd495cd6 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ;
owl:annotatedTarget "A part is always distinct xor redundant."@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f
:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_e4f66254_7312_4de5_a86a_6e0808baaaab ;
skos:prefLabel "hasPart"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a28c0dd_89b1_47ac_b81f_fccc56f39617
:EMMO_2a28c0dd_89b1_47ac_b81f_fccc56f39617 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_6735d3ff_67f8_43b5_b5b0_240fbfab4517 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_ebc9e62c_5dc4_44db_9060_7923740bdf78 ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
skos:altLabel "isTemporallyAfter"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "isAfter"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_32eb7161_60ed_4431_8326_81a92aec088c
:EMMO_32eb7161_60ed_4431_8326_81a92aec088c rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_6735d3ff_67f8_43b5_b5b0_240fbfab4517 ;
skos:prefLabel "isNotCausedBy"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_339d8e1a_f52a_42cd_8df5_57b5328b939e
:EMMO_339d8e1a_f52a_42cd_8df5_57b5328b939e rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://w3id.org/emmo#76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149> ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_44549f38_809e_4d51_bb10_de31029055b9 ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ;
skos:prefLabel "hasFragment"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between two individuals representing a collection and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598
:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 ,
:EMMO_ebc9e62c_5dc4_44db_9060_7923740bdf78 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_451e410e_8e0d_4a4b_9211_d6ef619296dc ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_d01b3ee2_91a5_4ce2_95cd_f0d2c333c6d3 ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_451e410e_8e0d_4a4b_9211_d6ef619296dc ;
skos:altLabel "hasSuccessor"@en ,
"isAntecedentOf"@en ,
"predecessorOf"@en ;
skos:example "My life between 18-24 years has successor my life between 32-40 years, since there is an intermediary (i.e. my life between 25-32 years)."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "foreruns"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x)."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity is implemented at A-Box level with a SWRL rule."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "hasSuccessor"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin succedĕre (\"coming after\")."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee
:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ;
skos:prefLabel "mereological"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM)."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) + -logy (“study, discussion, science”).
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_408a46b2_3930_46da_b936_e9ce72ffdde9
:EMMO_408a46b2_3930_46da_b936_e9ce72ffdde9 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611 ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ;
skos:altLabel "hasSpatioTemporalPart"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasJunctionPart"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The part is connected with the rest item or members with both hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_44549f38_809e_4d51_bb10_de31029055b9
:EMMO_44549f38_809e_4d51_bb10_de31029055b9 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_fdfa43cd_1f48_4d82_ac49_685fe894558f ;
skos:prefLabel "isFragmentOf"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_451e410e_8e0d_4a4b_9211_d6ef619296dc
:EMMO_451e410e_8e0d_4a4b_9211_d6ef619296dc rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_2a28c0dd_89b1_47ac_b81f_fccc56f39617 ,
:EMMO_5dc167a2_d50e_47a5_be4f_5139f3bff2ec ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
skos:altLabel "isAncestorOf"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "successorOf"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d
:EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_555d0261_da5e_4301_b7f9_46f604a32e91 ,
:EMMO_ebc9e62c_5dc4_44db_9060_7923740bdf78 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_60c57607_c9e7_4e75_a3d1_7a1f1f9928e4 ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_8785be5a_2493_4b12_8f39_31907ab11748 ;
skos:altLabel "foregoes"@en ,
"hasNext"@en ,
"isBefore"@en ;
skos:example "My life between 18-24 years has next my life between 24-32 years."@en ,
"The raw sample has next the treated sampled, which has next the examined sample. In this sense the whole sample is made of three states, connected by the has next relation, following its evolution in time."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "precedes"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation.
This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x)."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive."@en ,
"This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_54d0d0f4_d9fa_4179_a9b5_4110c49dafff
:EMMO_54d0d0f4_d9fa_4179_a9b5_4110c49dafff rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_6735d3ff_67f8_43b5_b5b0_240fbfab4517 ,
:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_ebc9e62c_5dc4_44db_9060_7923740bdf78 ;
skos:altLabel "isSpatiallyRelatedWith"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "coexistsWith"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """Spatial relations between entities are represented in the EMMO as bidirectional causality, meaning that both entities are at the beginning and at the end of causal paths connecting them.
This type of relation represent the coexistence of two entities in the a spatial arrangement. The symmetric characteristic of this relation implies that it is not possible to order them and is related to the arbitrary choice of reference frames. Subclasses of spatial relations may be defined as asymmetric and introduce a spatial order, for example est to west, or internal to external layer.."""@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A relation jointly covered by Contact and InteractWith relations, which are mutually exclusive."@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between entities that express a mutual causation."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9
:EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://w3id.org/emmo#76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149> ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
skos:prefLabel "hasPortionPart"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A proper part relation with domain restricted to items."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A part of an item is always non-maximal, meaning that is causally connected with the rest."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_555d0261_da5e_4301_b7f9_46f604a32e91
:EMMO_555d0261_da5e_4301_b7f9_46f604a32e91 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 ;
skos:altLabel "isDirectCauseOf"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "directlyCauses"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """Direct causality is a concept that captures the idea of direct interaction between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity.
It does not exclude the possibility of other indirect causal routes between some proper parts of the two entities.
The direct causality in a 4D ontology covers both time-like causal interaction (when causality is one-way from one entity to another) and space-like causal interaction (when causality is two-way between two entities)."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Direct cause is irreflexive."@en ,
"Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c
:EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd ,
:EMMO_e4f66254_7312_4de5_a86a_6e0808baaaab ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
skos:prefLabel "isProperPartOf"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "PP(x, y) ≡ P(x, y) ∧ ¬x=y" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The inverse relation for hasProperPart." .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5dc167a2_d50e_47a5_be4f_5139f3bff2ec
:EMMO_5dc167a2_d50e_47a5_be4f_5139f3bff2ec rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_6735d3ff_67f8_43b5_b5b0_240fbfab4517 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 ;
rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 ;
skos:altLabel "hasIndirectCause"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "indirectlyCausedBy"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_60c57607_c9e7_4e75_a3d1_7a1f1f9928e4
:EMMO_60c57607_c9e7_4e75_a3d1_7a1f1f9928e4 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_11501e0a_4442_4bd0_8483_7ea6dc8ba444 ,
:EMMO_2a28c0dd_89b1_47ac_b81f_fccc56f39617 ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d ;
skos:altLabel "isNextOf"@en ,
"succeeds"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "follows"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6735d3ff_67f8_43b5_b5b0_240fbfab4517
:EMMO_6735d3ff_67f8_43b5_b5b0_240fbfab4517 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
skos:prefLabel "isCausedBy"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591
:EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_9c2a9899_df4a_4dc7_a28a_ab4dc498db71 ;
skos:example "A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasRedundantPart"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "RP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ(φ(x) ∧ φ(y))" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superproperty of the all object property relations between a whole and its mereological parts of the same type."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A part is always distinct xor redundant."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ;
owl:annotatedTarget "RP(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ ∃φ(φ(x) ∧ φ(y))" ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "We usa a predicate template notation as RP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of RP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that RP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ φ(x) ∧ φ(y)"@en ,
"φ is a class of the theory that in the EMMO OWL is supposed to be subclass of CausalStructure."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ;
owl:annotatedTarget "A part is always distinct xor redundant."@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_1328d112_e731_4e56_b9b9_6b6cdd495cd6
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1
:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ,
:EMMO_a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd ;
rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
skos:prefLabel "equalsTo"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between two individuals representing the same entity."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Equality is here defined following a mereological approach."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4
:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://w3id.org/emmo#33fd15ab_7662_4cc6_8bf6_988422efc631> ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith <https://w3id.org/emmo#0528e41d_edd2_49f9_bd2a_aeabdc215515> ;
skos:altLabel "hasMember"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasSingleMember"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between a collection and one of its item members."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6
:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9 ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611 ;
skos:prefLabel "hasTemporalPart"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item.
A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases."""@en ,
"In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_814b6b76_e0ca_4953_a832_d1816fb695f1
:EMMO_814b6b76_e0ca_4953_a832_d1816fb695f1 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_928f6ec2_7564_4c8d_9a10_7a601fa89602 ;
skos:altLabel "hasImmediatePart"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasDirectPart"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several granularity levels of parthood."@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The non-transitive version of proper parthood property."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8785be5a_2493_4b12_8f39_31907ab11748
:EMMO_8785be5a_2493_4b12_8f39_31907ab11748 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_11501e0a_4442_4bd0_8483_7ea6dc8ba444 ,
:EMMO_54d0d0f4_d9fa_4179_a9b5_4110c49dafff ,
:EMMO_555d0261_da5e_4301_b7f9_46f604a32e91 ;
rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ;
skos:altLabel "adjacentWith"@en ,
"hasSpatialnteractionWith"@en ,
"touches"@en ;
skos:example "An elementary electron is in contact with another elementary electron in a scattering process."@en ,
"The laptop is in contact with the desk, since there is a double-directional causality."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "contacts"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams).
It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf).
Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive."@en ,
"The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_928f6ec2_7564_4c8d_9a10_7a601fa89602
:EMMO_928f6ec2_7564_4c8d_9a10_7a601fa89602 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy :EMMO_814b6b76_e0ca_4953_a832_d1816fb695f1 ;
skos:prefLabel "isDirectPartOf"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76
:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ,
:EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "hasProperPart"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The proper part relation has the following pair-covering sub-relations:
- hasMembers xor hasPiece
- hasPortionPart xor hasGatheredPart
. hasItemPart xor hasScatteredPart"""@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611
:EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9 ;
skos:prefLabel "hasNonTemporalPart"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The part is connected with the rest item or members with a combination of hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact relations."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9c2a9899_df4a_4dc7_a28a_ab4dc498db71
:EMMO_9c2a9899_df4a_4dc7_a28a_ab4dc498db71 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy :EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591 ;
skos:prefLabel "isRedundantPartOf"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420
:EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
owl:inverseOf :EMMO_e4f66254_7312_4de5_a86a_6e0808baaaab ;
rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd ;
skos:prefLabel "overcrosses"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "OX(x, y) ≡ O(x, y) ∧ ¬P(x,y)" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9f55743f_a5e2_4a75_a68c_978c36117dec
:EMMO_9f55743f_a5e2_4a75_a68c_978c36117dec rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy :EMMO_1328d112_e731_4e56_b9b9_6b6cdd495cd6 ;
skos:prefLabel "isDistinctPartOf"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd
:EMMO_a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
skos:prefLabel "isPartOf"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Reflexivity: Pxx
Transitivity: (Pxy ∧ Pyz) → Pxz
Antisymmetry: (Pxy ∧ Pyx) → x=y."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The inverse relation of hasPart."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead
:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ;
rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith :EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
skos:altLabel "disjointWith"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "notOverlaps"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Dxy ≡ ¬Oxy." ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between individuals representing non-overlapping entities (i.e. that have no parts in common)."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Dxy ≡ ¬Oxy." ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c
:EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ;
skos:prefLabel "causal"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and conceptually precedes time and space relations. In the EMMO causality is the foundation for space and time relations.
Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level, meaning that causal relations between macroscopic entities is simply the sum of quantum level causality relations."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass of all causal EMMO relations."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Causality in the EMMO is intended as physical causation and not counter-factual. Meaning that causality is an expression of actual physical interactions, and not of a counterfactual depence such as “I didn't water the flowers, hence, I'm the cause of their death”."@en ,
"Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ;
owl:annotatedTarget """Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and conceptually precedes time and space relations. In the EMMO causality is the foundation for space and time relations.
Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level, meaning that causal relations between macroscopic entities is simply the sum of quantum level causality relations."""@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ,
"doi:10.3233/FAIA231120"
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b3c8ba10_6bee_45e7_9416_e9019aa9f023
:EMMO_b3c8ba10_6bee_45e7_9416_e9019aa9f023 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 ,
:EMMO_e4f66254_7312_4de5_a86a_6e0808baaaab ;
rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "properOverlaps"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other." .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6
:EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
skos:altLabel "influences"@en ,
"isIndirectCauseOf"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "indirectlyCauses"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity."@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d01b3ee2_91a5_4ce2_95cd_f0d2c333c6d3
:EMMO_d01b3ee2_91a5_4ce2_95cd_f0d2c333c6d3 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_54d0d0f4_d9fa_4179_a9b5_4110c49dafff ,
:EMMO_5dc167a2_d50e_47a5_be4f_5139f3bff2ec ,
:EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 ;
rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ;
skos:altLabel "coexistsWith"@en ,
"concurrentWith"@en ,
"interactsWith"@en ;
skos:example "I'm interacting with another tennis player through a ball. Or, two people in a webconference are interacting using a mediator which is the network signal."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "alongsideWith"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions)."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698
:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c ;
rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
skos:altLabel "causes"@en ;
skos:example "John yesterday is the cause of John today, is an example of temporal-like causality. The desk supporting my laptop is a space-like causality." ;
skos:prefLabel "isCauseOf"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second.
More formally, causality is defined as a relation between individuals x and y that holds if and only if:
a) x having a part that is causing an effect on a part of y
b) x and y are non-overlapping
An entity cannot cause itself or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap.
The existence of one-directional of bi-directional causality relations between two entities is what reconstruct time-like and space-like relations, respectively."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation between an entity that causally affects another."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive."@en ,
"""The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version.
While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity.
For this reason the EMMO OWL 2 DL will only deal with macro causality relations, sacrificing the full FOL theory expressivity for the sake of simplicity."""@en ,
"The cause relation applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ;
owl:annotatedTarget """The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version.
While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity.
For this reason the EMMO OWL 2 DL will only deal with macro causality relations, sacrificing the full FOL theory expressivity for the sake of simplicity."""@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso "doi:10.3233/FAIA231120"
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6
:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ;
rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ;
skos:prefLabel "overlaps"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Oxy ≡ ∃z(Pzx ∧ Pzy)" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between two individuals representing entities that share at least one of their parts."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Oxy ≡ ∃z(Pzx ∧ Pzy)" ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846
:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611 ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ;
skos:prefLabel "hasSpatialPart"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive."@en ,
"The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasContact relations only (no hasNext)."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4f66254_7312_4de5_a86a_6e0808baaaab
:EMMO_e4f66254_7312_4de5_a86a_6e0808baaaab rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 ;
skos:prefLabel "isOvercrossedBy"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The inverse relation for overcrosses."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ebc9e62c_5dc4_44db_9060_7923740bdf78
:EMMO_ebc9e62c_5dc4_44db_9060_7923740bdf78 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
skos:altLabel "isTemporallyBefore"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "isBefore"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A relation jointly covered by hasNext and hasSuccessor relations, which are mutually exclusive."@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation between entities that are only one-directionally causally connected."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5
:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
skos:prefLabel "EMMORelation"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fdfa43cd_1f48_4d82_ac49_685fe894558f
:EMMO_fdfa43cd_1f48_4d82_ac49_685fe894558f rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c ;
owl:inverseOf <https://w3id.org/emmo#76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149> ;
skos:prefLabel "isPieceOf"@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#0528e41d_edd2_49f9_bd2a_aeabdc215515
<https://w3id.org/emmo#0528e41d_edd2_49f9_bd2a_aeabdc215515> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://w3id.org/emmo#33fd15ab_7662_4cc6_8bf6_988422efc631> ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ;
skos:prefLabel "hasMultipleMembers"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A sub collection relation where the proper part is fully encompasses some of the members of the collection."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#33fd15ab_7662_4cc6_8bf6_988422efc631
<https://w3id.org/emmo#33fd15ab_7662_4cc6_8bf6_988422efc631> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ;
owl:propertyDisjointWith <https://w3id.org/emmo#76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149> ;
skos:altLabel "hasMaximalPart"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasMember"@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A proper part which is not connected with the rest of the whole."@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between individuals representing a collection and one or more of its members." ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A maximal part is a proper part that is not connected with the rest of the whole."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149
<https://w3id.org/emmo#76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
skos:altLabel "hasNotMaximalPart"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasPiece"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between two individuals representing an entity and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A non-maximal part is a proper part that is connected with the rest of the whole."@en .
#################################################################
# Classes
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360
:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_52b8a39b_e5ff_46d3_b972_65bc43077a07 ,
:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ,
_:genid15 ;
skos:altLabel "CausalChain"@en ,
"Elementary"@en ;
skos:example "An electron moving in time interacting with other particles."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "CausalPath"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time."@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A causal path is a concept almost equivalent to the concept of elementary particle in physics."@en .
_:genid15 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ;
owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360
:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68
)
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ;
owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ;
owl:annotatedTarget _:genid15 ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "This axiom underlines the monodimensional nature of a causal chain, as a sequence of quanta."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31
:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_76bd5e44_bf5a_49f9_a517_eea5e8bcbc2d ,
_:genid23 ;
owl:disjointWith :EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
skos:example "The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Collection"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A collection is the concept that complements the item. A collection is an entity that has at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest.
A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them.
The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities."@en .
_:genid23 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 ;
owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
owl:onClass :EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ;
owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ;
owl:annotatedTarget _:genid23 ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68
:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_52b8a39b_e5ff_46d3_b972_65bc43077a07 ;
owl:disjointWith :EMMO_53ed8611_2cd7_4286_9ef0_36572117b963 ;
skos:altLabel "RealParticle"@en ;
skos:example """From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements.
However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity."""@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Quantum"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A quantum is the most fundamental item of the EMMO (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition.
The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle.
In the EMMO, space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα).
Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. For a quanta to change its state, it requires an interaction.
A quantum may be thought as standing for an incoming or outcoming real particle in a Feynman diagram in a scattering event."""@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Q(x) ≡ ¬∃y(PP(y,x))"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities having no proper parts"@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Q(x) ≡ ¬∃y(PP(y,x))"@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_52b8a39b_e5ff_46d3_b972_65bc43077a07
:EMMO_52b8a39b_e5ff_46d3_b972_65bc43077a07 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
owl:disjointWith :EMMO_76bd5e44_bf5a_49f9_a517_eea5e8bcbc2d ;
skos:prefLabel "CausalParticle"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A causal particle represents the most elementary entity in physics, being it a simple state of an elementary particle, called quantum in the EMMO, or a chain of causally connected quanta."@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The disjoint union of CausalPath and Quantum classes."@en ;
:EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db "EquivalentTo: CausalPath or Quantum" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals representing causal particles."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_52b8a39b_e5ff_46d3_b972_65bc43077a07 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_53ed8611_2cd7_4286_9ef0_36572117b963
:EMMO_53ed8611_2cd7_4286_9ef0_36572117b963 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
skos:example "An atom, a group of persons, a fluid."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Fusion"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A mereological fusion is any entity that is made up of two or more quantum entities, regardless of the fact that they are or not self-connected. It captures the idea of set, but excluding singletons."@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The union of the CausalCluster and CausalStructure classes."@en ;
:EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db "EquivalentTo: CausalCluster or CausalStructure" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals representing mereological fusions consisting of two or more quantum entities."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_53ed8611_2cd7_4286_9ef0_36572117b963 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Fusion"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fusio, from fundere ‘pour, melt’."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_76bd5e44_bf5a_49f9_a517_eea5e8bcbc2d
:EMMO_76bd5e44_bf5a_49f9_a517_eea5e8bcbc2d rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_53ed8611_2cd7_4286_9ef0_36572117b963 ;
skos:prefLabel "CausalCluster"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "With the causal cluster term we address an heterogeneous group of entities, which possess the common feature of having at least two causally non connected quanta. It comprises collections (non self-connected entities) and causal systems (entities extended in space)."@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The disjoint union of the CausalSystem and Collection classes."@en ;
:EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db "EquivalentTo: Collection or CausalSystem" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals representing causal clusters."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_76bd5e44_bf5a_49f9_a517_eea5e8bcbc2d ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "CausalCluster"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”)."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf
:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf _:genid31 ,
_:genid33 ;
skos:prefLabel "EMMO"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities.
The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. We can think of a quantum as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction.
Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. Fundamental interactions (quantum fields) are represented as symmetric causality relation between macro entities, while classical interactions are mediated by chain of quantums (i.e. elementary particles).
The fundamental distinction between world entities is causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components.
Void regions do not exist in the EMMO. In other words there is no spacetime without entities and spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are measured quantities, always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The disjoint union of the fundamental mereocausal classes of Quantum, CausalPath, CausalSystem and Collection."@en ;
:EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db "DisjointUnion: CausalPath, Collection, Quantum, CausalSystem" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of all the OWL individuals representing world entities according to EMMO conceptualisation."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and space with the causal system concept.
The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities.
For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always 4D spatiotemporal entities.
Moreover, the combination of mereology and causality used in the EMMO theory (mereocausality) represents entities as direct acyclic graphs with dimension of 4 (i.e., the mereocasual graph can be represented in a 4D euclidian space with edges having unit length).
For this reasons, the EMMO can be considered a 4D ontology."""@en .
_:genid31 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 .
_:genid33 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f
] ;
owl:hasValue :EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ;
owl:annotatedTarget _:genid31 ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ;
owl:annotatedTarget _:genid33 ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ;
owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities.
The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. We can think of a quantum as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction.
Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. Fundamental interactions (quantum fields) are represented as symmetric causality relation between macro entities, while classical interactions are mediated by chain of quantums (i.e. elementary particles).
The fundamental distinction between world entities is causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components.
Void regions do not exist in the EMMO. In other words there is no spacetime without entities and spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are measured quantities, always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. (e.g. quark, photon)."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d
:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_53ed8611_2cd7_4286_9ef0_36572117b963 ,
:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
skos:prefLabel "CausalStructure"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that:
- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity)
- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph""" ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The disjoint union of Causal Path and CausalSystem classes." ;
:EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db "EquivalentTo: CausalPath or CausalSystem" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals representing causally self-connected world entities." ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts." .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac
:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_76bd5e44_bf5a_49f9_a517_eea5e8bcbc2d ,
:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ;
skos:example "A electron binded by a nucleus."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "CausalSystem"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type).
A causal system is always a spatial-like structure, and is represented as a multiple topologically orderable direct acyclic graph, with quanta as nodes and causality relations as edges."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals representing a causal system."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de
:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
skos:altLabel "CausalObject"@en ;
skos:example "A person life, an interval of a person life. The lifetime of two components, from the production in separate manufacturing lines, their being connected components in a device, including their eparation and decommissioning."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Item"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality.
All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts.
Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object.
Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs."""@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The disjoint union of Particle and CausalStructure classes."@en ;
:EMMO_8a137e9f_579c_4e28_baca_e8980eb0c3db "EquivalentTo: CausalParticle or CausalStructure" ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for quantum or causally self-connected world entities."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "The concept of self-connectivity is applied using a 4D approach. Given that, the entity made of an electron and a proton that travel, interact, and then depart from each other is an item, since we don't focus only on the beginning or the end stage but to the overall 4D entity, being the interaction the connectivity bridge between the two particles." .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en
] .
#################################################################
# Individuals
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918
:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ;
skos:prefLabel "universe"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique."@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "u ≡ σx⟨P(x, x)⟩" .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
owl:annotatedProperty rdf:type ;
owl:annotatedTarget :EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """This axiom reflects the fact the the universe is causally self-connected. In fact, a non causally connected universe would have been the sum of causally independend sub-universes, without any knowledge of others.
This axiom may be seen as Ockam's razor applied to causality."""@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ;
owl:annotatedTarget "u ≡ σx⟨P(x, x)⟩" ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "This definition reads: \"The universe is the sum of all entities that are part of themselves\". Since parthood (P) is reflexive by axiom, then the universe is the sum of all mereological entities."@en
] .
#################################################################
# General axioms
#################################################################
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360
:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31
:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68
:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac
)
] .
#################################################################
# Rules
#################################################################
<urn:swrl:var#x> rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Variable> .
<urn:swrl:var#y> rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Variable> .
<urn:swrl:var#z> rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Variable> .
[ rdfs:comment "Implementing Transitivity."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_d01b3ee2_91a5_4ce2_95cd_f0d2c333c6d3 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_d01b3ee2_91a5_4ce2_95cd_f0d2c333c6d3 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#y> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_d01b3ee2_91a5_4ce2_95cd_f0d2c333c6d3 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#classPredicate> :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#x>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#classPredicate> :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#x>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#ClassAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#classPredicate> :EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#x>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#y> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#x>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#SameIndividualAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#y> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ rdfs:comment "Implementig transitivity."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#y> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "The equalsTo object property is equivalent to the OWL SameAs"@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#SameIndividualAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#y> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
[ rdfs:comment "Implementing transitivity."@en ;
rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#Imp> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#body> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#y>
] ;
rdf:rest [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#y> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#head> [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#AtomList> ;
rdf:first [ rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#IndividualPropertyAtom> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#propertyPredicate> :EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument1> <urn:swrl:var#x> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#argument2> <urn:swrl:var#z>
] ;
rdf:rest rdf:nil
]
] .
### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.29.2024-05-13T12:11:03Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi