@prefix : <https://w3id.org/emmo#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@base <https://w3id.org/emmo#> .
<https://w3id.org/emmo/perspectives/holistic> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
owl:versionIRI <https://w3id.org/emmo/1.0.0/perspectives/holistic> ;
owl:imports <https://w3id.org/emmo/1.0.0/perspectives/perspective> ;
dcterms:abstract """Defines the holistic perspective which includes process and the role of its participants.
Processes are 4D objects that unfolds in time in a way that has a meaning to the ontologist with participants whose role is assigned by the ontologist."""@en ;
dcterms:contributor :AdhamHashibon ,
:FrancescoZaccarini ,
:GerhardGoldbeck ,
:JesperFriis ;
dcterms:creator :EmanueleGhedini ;
dcterms:license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ;
dcterms:publisher <https://emmc.eu> ;
dcterms:title "Holistic"@en ;
rdfs:comment "The EMMO requires HermiT reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en ;
owl:versionInfo "1.0.0" ;
:EMMO_1246b120_abbe_4840_b0f8_3e4348b24a17 "emmo@emmc.eu" .
#################################################################
# Object Properties
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b
:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_a9a9d824_5ba1_4dac_a407_e42bf63350ca ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0 ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ;
skos:altLabel "hasHolisticPart"@en ;
skos:example "An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasRole"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a9a9d824_5ba1_4dac_a407_e42bf63350ca
:EMMO_a9a9d824_5ba1_4dac_a407_e42bf63350ca rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_1328d112_e731_4e56_b9b9_6b6cdd495cd6 ,
:EMMO_814b6b76_e0ca_4953_a832_d1816fb695f1 ;
rdfs:range <http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_946b5162_95b0_4801_81d4_efef43842a0d> ;
skos:altLabel "hasQualifiedPart"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "hasQualifiedRole"@en .
#################################################################
# Classes
#################################################################
### http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_946b5162_95b0_4801_81d4_efef43842a0d
<http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_946b5162_95b0_4801_81d4_efef43842a0d> rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ;
skos:altLabel "QRole"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "QualifiedRole"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """The qualified role concept express the requirement for an entity of a type, say A, to be part of a larger entity of another type, say B, with A and B belonging to different taxonomical branches.
The concept of role is then defined as something that needs a wider and specific environment to exist.
For example, the car radio type requires all instances to be a part of a car, while the opposite (the car having a radio) is not mandatory for qualified roles. The same applies for airplane winglets that are by definition an optional part of an airplane. Food preservatives are anothe optional part of foods."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all classes of individuals that requires their individuals to be part of another specific class of entity of different type with a specific role with respect to it."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """Al QRole subclasses shuld have an axiom to express the role requirements, in the form of:
MyQRoleClass
SubClassOf: isProperPartOf some AnotherClass
This is a necessary but not sufficient condition."""@en ,
"""We usually have the same word to identify both the role and the name of a device. for example, under the term hammer we can identify both a product and generic entity used for hammering a nail.
The concept of role helps to distinguish between these two concepts. Ideally ther shuld be an HammerRole and an HammerProduct types. The product may or may not be used as HammerRole, but only expresses the fact that it has been designed as an optimal hammering device. The hammering role can be played by any hard-enough object, even if it is not an hammer product."""@en .
### http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb50c9cb_9576_4a61_95ec_f81fb8218187
<http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb50c9cb_9576_4a61_95ec_f81fb8218187> rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ;
skos:altLabel "QWhole"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "QualifiedWhole"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """The qualified whole concept express the requirement for an entity of a type, say A, to have a part of another type, say B, with A and B belonging to different taxonomical branches.
The concept of whole is then defined as something that needs a part of a specific type to exist.
For example, an atom always requires a nucleus part to exist (but not viceversa)"""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all classes of individuals that requires to have a part of another specific class of entity of different type with a specific relation with it."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """Al QWhole subclasses shuld have an axiom to express the part requirements, in the form of:
MyQWholeClass
SubClassOf: hasProperPart some AnotherClass
This is a necessary but not sufficient condition."""@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62
:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 ;
skos:altLabel "Wholistic"@en ;
skos:example "A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred."@en ,
"A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Holistic"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole, on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), and their types, without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part.
This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature."""@en ;
:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The union of classes whole and part."@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A perspective characterized by the belief that:
- a whole is more than merely the sum of its parts (wholism)
- the parts of a whole are interconnected in a way that can be explained only by reference to the whole (rolism)."""@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement."@en ,
"""Whole and roles are defined using parthood relations. However, there also must be a primitive component in the definition, besides parthood, capturing more subtle relations between entities that makes their relation holistic.
For example, a scattering event between an electron and a nucleus requires electron and nucleus types as parts to exist, but this is not enough to make this event an atom, since it requires a persistent bond. So defining something as an atom iff have parts some electons and a nucleus is not enough."""@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Holistic"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82
:EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_edcb3871_900f_407f_912e_89f96d3e28de ;
skos:altLabel "HolisticTemporalPart"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "TemporalRole"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0
:EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf <http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb50c9cb_9576_4a61_95ec_f81fb8218187> ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ;
owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3
] ;
skos:prefLabel "Whole"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation.
This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings."""@en ,
"A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal)."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Whole"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”)."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3
:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf <http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_946b5162_95b0_4801_81d4_efef43842a0d> ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf :EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b
] ;
owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0
] ;
skos:altLabel "HolisticPart"@en ,
"Part"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Role"@en ;
:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A role entity is categorized according to its relation with the whole, i.e. how it contribute to make a specific whole, and not as standalone entity.
This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes).
For example. a human being is a stand alone type, but an instance of a human being can also be an instance of the type student (intended as a role) if it plays a part into a school environment (i.e., a student entity can exist only if it is part of a surrounding whole: the school).
The role type requires that also the whole type depends on the existence of parts of a specific type (e.g., there is no school without students)."""@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part."@en .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Part"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’."@en ;
:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "The term 'part' is here intended not only in mereological sense but also as role. For example. the term part is used to define the role played by an actor, specifying not only a mereological participation of the actor to an act, but also a specific role for that actor."@en
] .
[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ;
owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ;
:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en
] .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_edcb3871_900f_407f_912e_89f96d3e28de
:EMMO_edcb3871_900f_407f_912e_89f96d3e28de rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ;
skos:prefLabel "RoleBySpatiotemporal"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all classes that categorise roles according to that fact that they are temporal or non-temporal parts of the whole."@en .
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b
:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_edcb3871_900f_407f_912e_89f96d3e28de ;
skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en .
#################################################################
# Individuals
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EmanueleGhedini
:EmanueleGhedini rdf:type :EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac .
### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.29.2024-05-13T12:11:03Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi