Andrea Poltronieri Jacopo de Berardinis Nicolas Lazzari Valentina Carriero Valentina Presutti The Core ontology models general-purpose concepts, relationships and ontology design patterns (e.g. place, time, classification, situation), which are orthogonal to the whole Polifonia ontology network. Indeed, it is imported and possibly specialised by the other ontology modules of the network. Core Ontology Core ontology (Polifonia ontology network) 1.0 A relation between a Concept and an Entity, e.g. the Role 'student' classifies a Person 'John'. classifies A relation between a Description and a Concept, e.g. a Workflow for a governmental Organization defines the Role 'officer', or 'the Italian Traffic Law defines the role Vehicle'. defines The relation between a Description and an Entity : a Description gives a unity to a Collection of parts (the components), or constituents, by assigning a Role to each of them in the context of a whole Object (the system). A same Entity can be given different descriptions, for example, an old cradle can be given a unifying Description based on the original aesthetic design, the functionality it was built for, or a new aesthetic functionality in which it can be used as a flower pot. describes The relation between an entity and a task being executed. executes task The relation between a physical site and an address. has address The relation between an address and an address component. has address component The relation between an entity and an agent. has agent The relation between an entity and an agent role. has agent role The relation between an entity and an alias. Has alias The relation between a person and her place of birth. has birth place The relation between an address and its city (that is an address component). has city contextualises an explanation has condition The relation between an address and its country (that is an address component). has country The relation between an address and its district (that is an address component). has district has end music time index Relates the explanation to its posterior event has explanandum relates an explanation to its antecedent event has explanans The relation between an entity and its language. Has language The relation between a collection and a member of it. Has member The relation between a collection membership and its strenght. Has membership strength has music time duration has music time index has music time index component The relation between an entity and its name. has name The relation between an entity and its nickname. has nickname A transitive relation expressing parthood between any entities, e.g. 'the human body has a brain as part'. When specializing this pattern, take care of restricting the domain and range appropriately, since it could be counterintuitive to use this relation arbitrarily, e.g. between animals and planets. For an intransitive partof pattern, see 'componency'. has part The relation between an entity and its place. has place The relation between an address and its province (that is an address component). has province The relation between an address and its region (that is an address component). has region has role A relation between entities and situations, e.g. 'this morning I've prepared my coffee with a new fantastic Arabica' (i.e.: (an amount of) a new fantastic Arabica hasSetting the preparation of my coffee this morning). has setting Has source has start music time index The relation between an address and its street (that is an address component). has street has time indexed name The relation between an entity and a time interval. has time interval The relation between an entity and its title. has title has type hasValueType includes name Involves Involves agent Involves collection Involves role The relation between an address component and an address it is component of. is address component of The relation between an address and a physical site . is address of The relation between an agent and an entity. is agent of The relation between an agent role and an entity. is agent role of The relation between an alias and an entity it is an alias of. The relation between a name and the name it is an anagram of. is anagram of The relation between an entity and another entity the first entity is based on. is based on The relation between a place of birth and the person that was born at that place. is birth place of A relation between a Concept and an Entity, e.g. 'John is considered a typical rude man'; your last concert constitutes the achievement of a lifetime; '20-year-old means she's mature enough'. is classified by A more generic relation holding between a Description and a Concept. In order to be used, a Concept must be previously definedIn another Description is concept used in The relation between an explanation and the agent that has conceptualized it. is conceptualized By contextualises an explanation is condition of is defined by A relation between a Description and a Concept, e.g. a Workflow for a governmental Organization defines the Role 'officer', or 'the Italian Traffic Law defines the role Vehicle'. is defined in The relation between an entity and another entity it is derived from. Is derived from The relation between any Thing and a Description: a Description gives a unity to a Collection of parts (the components), or constituents, by assigning a Role to each of them in the context of a whole Object (the system). A same Thing can be given different descriptions, for example, an old cradle can be given a unifying Description based on the original aesthetic design, the functionality it was built for, or a new aesthetic functionality in which it can be used as a flower pot. is described by The relation between a task being executed and an entity. is executed task of If there exists a situation in which an explanation is contextualised (according to the object property hasCondition), then both the explanans and the explanan- dum do share this same situation, meaning that they are in the same context. is explanation based on The relation between an entity and a situation in which such entity is member of a collection. Is involved in The relation between a lanuage and an entity it is the language of. is language of The relation between an entity and a collection that the entity is member of. Is member of The relation between a name and the entity it is a name of. is name of The relation between a nickname and the entity it is a nickname of. is nickname of A transitive relation expressing parthood between any entities, e.g. 'brain is a part of the human body'. When specializing this pattern, take care of restricting the domain and range appropriately, since it could be counterintuitive to use this relation arbitrarily, e.g. between animals and planets. For an intransitive partof pattern, see 'componency'. is part of The relation between a place and the entity it is a place of. is place of A relation between an information object and its realization (an information realization). is realized by is role of A relation between a Situation and a Description, e.g. the execution of a Plan satisfies that plan. is satisfied by is setting for is time indexed name of is time interval of The relation between a title and the entity it is title of. is title of is type of is valid within A relation between an information realization and an information object. realizes A relation between a Situation and a Description, e.g. the execution of a Plan satisfies that plan. satisfies A generic relation holding between a Description and a Concept. In order to be used, a Concept must be previously definedIn another Description. This last condition cannot be encoded for object properties in OWL. uses concept activity end date activity start date The end time of a time interval. end time full address name nickname postcode zipcode The start time of a time interval. start time street number text time title value A situation with at least one agent that is participant in it, and that executes a specific task that may be defined in a plan, workflow, project, etc. Action Address Address component Any agentive Object, either physical (e.g. a person, a robot), or social (e.g. a corporation, an institution, a community) Agent The situation of an agent having a role. Agent role Alias Collection Membership Strength City A collection of any entities: e.g. groups, repositories, communities, etc., intended as any container for entities that share one or more common properties. Collection The concept that holds together the members of a collection. Collection Concept The membership of an individual in a collection, which allows to describe attributes of such membership (e.g. Membership Strength). Collection Membership 1 1 A concept is a Social Object. The classifies relation relates concepts to entities at some time, but time can only be expressed in the alternative pattern: timeindexedclassification. Concept Country A Description represents a conceptualization. It can be thought also as a 'descriptive context' that defines concepts in order to see a 'relational context' out of a set of data or observations. For example, a Plan is a description of some actions to be executed by agents in a certain way, with certain parameters; a Diagnosis is a description that provides an interpretation to a set of observed entities, etc. A Description typically defines at least one Concept, for example the 'preparing a coffee' Description could define concepts such as 'Heater', 'AmountOfWater', 'CoffeeMix', etc. With respect to other patterns, descriptions are 'abstractions' of situations (cf. the 'situation' pattern), and in some complex use cases (e.g. matching executions to plan models), the two patterns can be composed (see the descriptionsituation pattern). Description District Any physical, social, or mental process, event, or state. Event Class explanation defined as "when X happens, then, due to a given set of circumstances C, Y will occur because of a given law L". In order to be complete, an explanation needs at least one antecedent event (explanans), a posterior event (a posterior event) and has to happen in a context that relates the two events (the context), governed by a law (theory). Explanation Geographical feature A piece of information, such as a musical composition, a text, a word, a picture, independently from how it is concretely and phisically realized. Information object A concrete and physical realization of an information object. Information realization Language Music Dataset 1 1 Music Time Duration 1 Music Time Index 1 1 Music Time Index Component 1 1 Music Time Interval Music Time Value Type Name An internally structured, conventionally created social agent, needing a specific role and agent that plays it, in order to act. Organization Person This class represents a physical site, that is an area, a structure (e.g. a building) or a group of structures where something was, is or will be located. It is a physical site that situates something. Physical site Anything that is intended as a location for something else, e.g. geographical places, spatial objects. Place Province Reference Region A concept that classifies an object. Role 1 1 Any entity that typically flows in time, either in the physical or social world Examples include athmospheric phenomena, concerts, travels, institutional processes, etc. It also represents a relational context created by an observer on the basis of a frame. Situation Source Spatial object Street A task that classifies an action to be executed. Task The theory that has the binding force or effect on some events under analysis. From Dolce: "A theory is a description that represents a set of assumptions for describing something, usually general. Scientific, philosophical, and common-sense theories can be included here" Theory The situation of an entity having a name valid during a specific time interval. Time indexed name The situation of an entity having a role at a specific time interval. A situation with a clearly defined time extension. Time indexed situation 1 1 A time interval. Time interval The title of an entity. Title The concept of a type. Type Refers to the end of a musical piece. End Refers to the start of a musical piece. Start