Albert Merono Penuela Andrea Poltronieri Jacpo de Berardinis Valentina Presutti An ontology for modelling a JAMS file containing different types of musical annotations. In particular, this ontology focuses on the Chord Annotations contained in the JAMS file and their attributes. JAMS Ontology 1.0 Links an Annotation to its AnnotationType, defining the content of the annotations (e.g. chords, key, patterns, etc.): Has Annotation Type Links a JAMS annotation to the Annotator the annotated the JAMS. Has Annotator Links the Annotator class to its Annotator Type, describing how the JAMS annotations were generated. Has Annotator Type Links a JAMSObservation to the observation value, in the case the value is a musical chord. Has Chord Subject Subproperty of jasMusicTimeIndex. It links a MusicTimeInterval to its MusicTimeIndex, defining the end point of validity of an observation/annotation time interval. Has End Music Time Index Links a File to its Format, defining the type of the file. Has Format Relates a Score or a Recording to the JAMS annotation describing the track. Has JAMS Annotation Defines the relationship between a MusicTimeInterval and a MusicTimeDuration, defining the time duration of the interval. Has Music Time Duration Links a MusicTimeInterval to its MusicTimeIndex, which defines a point on the annotation/observation time sequence. It has two subclasses: hasEndMusicTimeIndex and hasStartMusicTimeIndex. Has Music Time Index Links a MusicTimeIndex to its/theirs MusicTimeIndexComponent, which represent the element(s) needed to describe a point on the timeline of the annotation/observation. Has Music Time Index Component Links a JAMSAnnotation or a JAMSObservation to its timing information, representaed by the class MusicTimeInterval. Has Music Time Interval Subproperty of jasMusicTimeIndex. It links a MusicTimeInterval to its MusicTimeIndex, defining the start point of validity of an observation/annotation time interval. Has Start Music Time Index Defines the subjecyt of a JAMSObservation, describing the type of value contained in the observation, described by the mf:MusicalFeature class. Has Subject Links either a MusicTimeIndexComponent or a MusicTimeDuration to a MusicTimeValueType, defining the format in which the time information is expressed. Has Music Time Value Type Links a JAMS Annotation to the JAMS Onservation(s) it contains. Includes Observation Inverse of hasAnnotationType. Links an AnnotationType to a JAMSAnnotation. Is Annotation Type Of Inverse of hasAnnotator. Links the Annotator to the JAMS Annotation annotated by such annotator. Is Annotator Of Inverse of hasAnnotatorType. Links the Annotator Type to the Annotator class. Is Annotator Type Of Inverse of hasJAMSAnnotation. It links the JAMS Annotation to either a Recording o a Score. Is JAMS Annotation Of Inverse of hasMusicTimeDuration. Links a MusicTimeDuration to the MusicTimeInterval it belongs to. Is Music Time Duration Of Inverse of hasMusicTimeIndexComponent. Defines the relation between a MusicTimeIndexComponent and the MusicITimeIndex it belongs to. Is Music Time Index Component Of Inverse of hasMusicTimeIndex. It links a MusicTimeIndex with the MusicTimeInterval it belongs to. Is Music Time Index Of Inverse of hasMusicTimeInterval. It links a MusicTimeInterval to a JAMSAnnotation or to a JAMSObservation. Is Music Time Interval Of Inverse of includesObservation. Links a JAMS Observation to the JAMS Annotation to which it belongs. Is Observation Of Inverse of hasMusicTimeValueType. Links a MusicValueType either to a MusicTimeIndexComonent or to a MusicTimeDuration. Is Music Time Value Type Of Was Derived From Was Member Of The confidence of an annotation/observation, as described by the JAMS documentation, hence expressed with a floating number from 0 to 1. Has Confidence The name of an annotator, which can be either human, artificial (e.g. the name of a software) or describing a group of people (e.g. the name of a crowdsourcing service/event). Has Name Defines the time value of either a MusicTimeIndexComponent or a MusicTimeDuration. Has Value Annotation Type The type of the annotation. It maps directly to the annotation's "namespace" of a JAMS file. The type of annotator of a JAMS annotation, whether human or the result of an automatic or crowdsourced annotation. Annotator Type Any type of file File Format of files e.g. .jams, .doc, .xml Format 1 1 A group of observations that share the same type of annotation (e.g. score or audio) and the same syntax with which the agreement is expressed (e.g. Harte or Roman). JAMS Annotation An annotation describing a piece of music annotated on the basis of an audio track. JAMS Audio Annotation 1 A observation defined on the audio signal, i.e. described from a temporal point of view using real time, usually expressed in seconds. JAMS Audio Observation A file in JAMS format (with extension .jams, a serialisation of JSON), containing musical annotations structured according to JAMS specifications. The class of files encoded in JAMS format (JAMS is a datamodel serialised in a json-specific format). 1 1 1 An observation of the annotation, understood as an event defined in time (both real and symbolic) that has a value (e.g. a specific agreement) and a precise duration. JAMS Observation An annotation describing a piece of music annotated on the basis of a music score. JAMS Score Annotation 1 A observation defined on a symbolic notation or on a music score, i.e. described from a temporal point of view using references to symbolic elements defined by the notation itself. JAMS Score Observation 1 1 The duration of a MusicTimeInterval, which defines a value and a ValueType. Music Time Duration 1 An index that defines a point in a musical sequence, whether it is a temporal sequence (expressed in real time) or a symbolic sequence (expressed in symbolic time). Music Time Index 1 1 A component of a MusicTimeIndex, which defines the value of the component and its ValueType. Multiple MusicTimeIndexComponents are required for representing points on a sequence that requires more than one value to be defined. For example, a symbolic notation usually needs beats and measures to define a point on a sequence: in this case there will be a MusicTimeIndexComponents defining the measure position and another MusicTimeIndexComponents for defining the beat position. Music Time Index Component 1 1 The interval in which an Annotation or an Observation takes place. It describe the time frame in which the Annotation/Observation is valid. Music Time Interval It defines the type of the temporal value being represented, for example seconds for audio annotations and beat/measure for score annotations. Music Time Value Type Chord Chord Harte Chord Roman Key Mode Then annotations are obtained through crowdsourcing the agent producing them is the crowd Crowd Expert Human Program JAMS Beat Measure Second