@prefix res: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix prov: . @prefix time: . @prefix odrl: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix vann: . a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "Resonatus ontology"@en ; rdfs:comment "A structural ontology for persistent causal trace processes. OWL axioms define the semantic layer; assessment graph validation is specified separately in SHACL. The five constitutive condition TYPES are witnessed on ONE reified path node (res:ContinuationPath / res:ResonatusPath; OWL-enforced), not on the candidate as separable existentials. Origin/receiver reference coherence across those witnesses is enforced at the SHACL layer, not in OWL (see DESIGN_RATIONALE.md)."@en ; dcterms:creator "Ali Toygar Abak" ; dcterms:created "2026-08-14"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-08-15"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:license ; dcterms:identifier "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21939903" ; dcterms:hasVersion "1.0.0" ; dcterms:isReferencedBy ; rdfs:seeAlso ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "res" ; vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/resonatus#" ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:versionInfo "1.0.0" . ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Core classes ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- res:Interaction a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ; rdfs:label "Interaction"@en . res:ResonatusCandidate a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ; rdfs:label "Resonatus candidate"@en ; rdfs:comment "A process selected for assessment against the five Resonatus criteria. Candidate status carries no entailment that Trace, Delay, Propagation, Selectivity, or Transformation/Feedback is satisfied. A candidate may declare one or more causal paths (res:hasTracePath); membership depends on the existence of at least one QUALIFYING path (res:ResonatusPath)."@en . ### The reified ontic causal path. This is an ontic, temporally extended causal process used to ### delimit ONE coherent continuation from ONE declared originating interaction. It is NOT an assessment, ### evidence bundle, receipt, or provenance artefact (see disjointness with res:ResonatusAssessment). res:ContinuationPath a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ; rdfs:label "Continuation path"@en ; rdfs:comment "An ontic, temporally extended continuation path used to delimit one coherent continuation from one declared originating interaction. This genus is deliberately Trace-NEUTRAL: causal status is NOT presupposed here — a path becomes a causal trace process only once the Trace criterion is established (res:CausalTraceProcess). It bears the criterion witnesses (Trace, Delay, Propagation, Selectivity, Transformation/Feedback) so that qualification is judged on a single coherent path rather than on witnesses aggregated from different lineages. NOTE: path-level coherence (all five on one path) is enforced in OWL; same-origin / same-receiver coherence across those witnesses is not captured by the OWL 2 DL role pattern used here (the natural chain-plus-functionality encoding leaves OWL 2 DL via the simple-role restriction) and is enforced in the SHACL path-coherence profile. BFO placement (bfo:process) is asserted only in the optional bridge and is reasoner-checked; the core does not commit to a 'process aggregate' category."@en . res:TraceContinuation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Trace continuation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A later state, difference, representation, disposition, or process portion asserted to be causally attributable to at least one interaction. The causal-attribution relation is explicit in the OWL model; evidential adequacy for that assertion remains external to OWL."@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:causallyAttributedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom res:Interaction ] . res:PostInteractionContinuation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Post-interaction continuation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A candidate continuation with a non-zero temporal portion strictly after the end boundary of the originating interaction. It may begin before, at, or after that boundary. This class is intentionally NOT a subclass of TraceContinuation: Delay is temporal persistence and must not entail causal Trace."@en . res:PropagationEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ; rdfs:label "Propagation event"@en . ### Selectivity: a ContextModulation asserts that downstream uptake materially ### DEPENDS ON a receiver/context (res:uptakeDependsOn), not merely that a receiver context exists. The ### class records the ontological dependence commitment; evidence for that dependence is assessed separately. res:ContextModulation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Context modulation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:uptakeDependsOn ; owl:someValuesFrom res:ReceiverContext ] ; rdfs:comment "A downstream modulation whose uptake materially depends on a receiver or receiving-process context (res:uptakeDependsOn). Mere co-presence of a receiver context (res:hasReceiverContext) does not by itself establish Selectivity; the dependence commitment is what the class records, and its evidence is assessment-layer."@en . res:TransformationEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ; rdfs:label "Transformation event"@en . res:FeedbackEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ; rdfs:label "Feedback event"@en . res:ReceiverContext a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Receiver context"@en . res:Evidence a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ; rdfs:label "Evidence"@en . ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Object properties (criterion witnesses now attach to the PATH, not the candidate) ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- res:hasTracePath a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ResonatusCandidate ; rdfs:range res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:label "has trace path"@en ; rdfs:comment "Links a candidate to a continuation path it declares (res:ContinuationPath is deliberately Trace-neutral). The link does not assert the path is qualifying; qualification is the classification res:ResonatusPath. (Realizes the intended 'has a qualifying trace path' when the filler is a ResonatusPath.)"@en . res:hasDeclaredOriginInteraction a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:range res:Interaction ; rdfs:label "has declared origin interaction"@en ; rdfs:comment "The single declared originating interaction that scopes a causal path's membership claim R(path, i). Declared FunctionalProperty: at most one declared origin per path (with the 'some Interaction' condition in ResonatusPath giving 'exactly one'). This scopes the assessment; it does not assert the process has only one cause in reality."@en . res:causallyAttributedTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:TraceContinuation ; rdfs:range res:Interaction ; rdfs:label "causally attributed to"@en ; rdfs:comment "Ontological causal-attribution assertion linking a TraceContinuation to an originating Interaction. The property represents the asserted relation; it does not define a domain-independent method for proving causation."@en . res:hasOriginInteraction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:range res:Interaction ; rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasInfluencedBy ; owl:propertyChainAxiom ( res:hasTraceContinuation res:causallyAttributedTo ) ; rdfs:label "has origin interaction"@en ; rdfs:comment "Convenience/provenance relation derived from a path's TraceContinuation and that continuation's explicit causal attribution. Distinct from res:hasDeclaredOriginInteraction, which is the single declared scope; hasOriginInteraction is derived and may be multi-valued."@en . res:hasTraceContinuation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:range res:TraceContinuation . res:hasPostInteractionContinuation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:range res:PostInteractionContinuation ; rdfs:comment "Represents the Delay position independently of causal-attribution assertions. It is intentionally not a subproperty of hasTraceContinuation."@en . res:hasPropagationEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:range res:PropagationEvent . res:hasContextModulation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:range res:ContextModulation . res:hasTransformationEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:range res:TransformationEvent . res:hasFeedbackEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:range res:FeedbackEvent . res:hasReceiverContext a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContextModulation ; rdfs:range res:ReceiverContext ; rdfs:comment "Plain reference to a receiver context. Co-presence alone is not Selectivity (see res:uptakeDependsOn)."@en . res:uptakeDependsOn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ContextModulation ; rdfs:range res:ReceiverContext ; rdfs:label "uptake depends on"@en ; rdfs:comment "Asserts that the downstream uptake of the modulation materially depends on the receiver/context. This is the tightened Selectivity commitment; evidential adequacy is assessment-layer."@en . ### Reference relations that make ORIGIN/RECEIVER coherence expressible in the data. The OWL 2 DL role ### pattern used here cannot force these to co-refer with the path's declared origin / propagation ### receiver: the natural chain-plus-functionality encoding leaves OWL 2 DL (its super-property becomes ### non-simple, which HermiT rejects). This is a scoped statement about the pattern in use, not a claim ### that no OWL 2 DL encoding could relate such witnesses. Same-origin / same-receiver coherence is ### therefore enforced in the SHACL path-coherence profile, not by the reasoner. res:postInteractionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:PostInteractionContinuation ; rdfs:range res:Interaction ; rdfs:label "post-interaction of"@en ; rdfs:comment "The interaction whose end boundary a PostInteractionContinuation (Delay) is temporally after. For a coherent Resonatus path this must be the path's declared originating interaction; that equality is a SHACL path-coherence constraint, not an OWL entailment."@en . res:hasPropagationReceiver a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:PropagationEvent ; rdfs:range res:ReceiverContext ; rdfs:label "has propagation receiver"@en ; rdfs:comment "The receiver context a PropagationEvent reaches. For a coherent path, the Selectivity modulation's uptake must depend on this same receiver; that equality is a SHACL path-coherence constraint, not an OWL entailment."@en . res:supportedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range res:Evidence . res:hasTemporalExtent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range time:TemporalEntity ; rdfs:label "has temporal extent"@en ; rdfs:comment "Links a modeled process, interaction, or continuation to an OWL-Time temporal entity. Temporal ordering supports Delay assessment but is not causal proof."@en . res:directlyContinues a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:AsymmetricProperty, owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain res:CausalTraceProcess ; rdfs:range res:CausalTraceProcess ; rdfs:label "directly continues"@en ; rdfs:comment "Direct process-to-process continuation between causal trace processes (paths). Deliberately not declared transitive; a chain A→B→C does not by itself entail A→C and never entails identity or merger of A, B, and C."@en . ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Derived path classes ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### A causal path that carries a Trace commitment. Path-level: the Trace witness is on the path. res:CausalTraceProcess a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:label "Causal trace process"@en ; rdfs:comment "A causal path for which an originating interaction and a causal Trace continuation are represented. Captures the Trace commitment without presupposing the remaining Resonatus criteria."@en ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( res:ContinuationPath [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:hasTraceContinuation ; owl:someValuesFrom res:TraceContinuation ] ) ] . ### The QUALIFYING path: one coherent path bearing all five constitutive conditions and exactly one ### declared origin. This is where witness coherence is enforced (all five on the SAME path node). res:ResonatusPath a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf res:CausalTraceProcess ; rdfs:label "Resonatus path"@en ; rdfs:comment "An ontic causal path that qualifies against all five Resonatus conditions on a single coherent path scoped to exactly one declared originating interaction. Its existence under a candidate is what constitutes Resonatus membership."@en ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( res:CausalTraceProcess [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:hasDeclaredOriginInteraction ; owl:someValuesFrom res:Interaction ] [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:hasPostInteractionContinuation ; owl:someValuesFrom res:PostInteractionContinuation ] [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:hasPropagationEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom res:PropagationEvent ] [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:hasContextModulation ; owl:someValuesFrom res:ContextModulation ] [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:hasTransformationEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom res:TransformationEvent ] [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:hasFeedbackEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom res:FeedbackEvent ] ) ] ) ] . ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Ontic class definition of Resonatus (candidate with at least one qualifying path). ### This axiom represents the constitutive definition; it does not establish empirical truth. ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- res:Resonatus a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf res:ResonatusCandidate ; rdfs:label "Resonatus"@en ; rdfs:comment "A candidate process that declares at least one qualifying causal path (res:ResonatusPath) — i.e. one coherent path on which Trace, Delay, Propagation, Selectivity, and Transformation-or-Feedback all hold, scoped to one declared originating interaction. Membership follows the existential-over-paths reading: at least one qualifying path suffices."@en ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( res:ResonatusCandidate [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty res:hasTracePath ; owl:someValuesFrom res:ResonatusPath ] ) ] . ### Ontic path is not an epistemic assessment artefact (the path is ontic; assessment is a separate layer). [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( res:ContinuationPath res:ResonatusAssessment ) . ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Epistemic assessment layer: a claim about membership is distinct from membership itself. ### --------------------------------------------------------------------------- res:ResonatusAssessment a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Resonatus assessment"@en . res:CriterionAssessment a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Criterion assessment"@en . res:Criterion a owl:Class . res:Verdict a owl:Class . res:AssessmentMethod a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Assessment method"@en . res:TraceCriterion a res:Criterion ; rdfs:label "Trace"@en . res:DelayCriterion a res:Criterion ; rdfs:label "Delay"@en . res:PropagationCriterion a res:Criterion ; rdfs:label "Propagation"@en . res:SelectivityCriterion a res:Criterion ; rdfs:label "Selectivity"@en . res:TransformationFeedbackCriterion a res:Criterion ; rdfs:label "Transformation or Feedback"@en . res:PASS a res:Verdict . res:FAIL a res:Verdict . res:NOT_MEASURED a res:Verdict . res:INCONCLUSIVE a res:Verdict . res:ERROR a res:Verdict . res:assesses a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ResonatusAssessment ; rdfs:range res:ResonatusCandidate . res:assessesPath a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ResonatusAssessment ; rdfs:range res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:comment "The specific causal path an assessment scopes its criterion verdicts to. The SHACL validation profile requires exactly one per assessment (path-coherent assessment records); OWL itself leaves cardinality open."@en . res:hasCriterionAssessment a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:ResonatusAssessment ; rdfs:range res:CriterionAssessment . res:scopePath a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:CriterionAssessment ; rdfs:range res:ContinuationPath ; rdfs:comment "Optional: the causal path a criterion assessment is scoped to. Used by the assessment-record validation profile to keep all criterion verdicts on one path."@en . res:criterion a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:CriterionAssessment ; rdfs:range res:Criterion . res:verdict a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:CriterionAssessment ; rdfs:range res:Verdict . res:evidence a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:CriterionAssessment ; rdfs:range res:Evidence . res:usesAssessmentMethod a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain res:CriterionAssessment ; rdfs:range res:AssessmentMethod . res:expectedClassification a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string .