@prefix : <http://tool4boxology.org/Tool4BoxologyOntology#> .
@prefix easyai: <https://kastle-lab.org/easy-ai2/> .
@prefix mls: <http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@base <http://tool4boxology.org/Tool4BoxologyOntology> .
@prefix t4b: <http://tool4boxology.org/> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix resource: <http://semanticscience.org/resource/> .
@prefix cpannotationschema: <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#> .
@prefix AnnotationVocabulary: <http://www.omg.org/spec/EDMC-FIBO/FND/Utilities/AnnotationVocabulary/> .

<http://tool4boxology.org/Tool4BoxologyOntology> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
                                     owl:imports <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core> ;
                                     dc:contributor "Enrique Iglesias" ,
                                                    "Yashrajsinh Chudasama" ,
                                                    "Disha Purohti" ,
                                                     "Mahsa Forghani" ,
                                                    "Johannes Bendler" ,
                                                    "Jacquiline Roney",
                                                    "Annette Ten Teije" ,
                                                    "Frank van Harmelen" ,
                                                    "Maria-Esther Vidal" ;
                                     dc:creator "Yashrajsinh Chudasama"@en ,
                                                      "Tool4Boxology" ;
                                     dc:description """This ontology extends the ontology of EASY-AI to represent the boxology of design patterns over neuro-symbolic AI systems on knowledge graphs"""@en ;
                                     dc:title "Tool4Boxology Ontology"@en ;
                                     terms:created "" ;
                                     terms:language "en" ;
                                     terms:license <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ,
                                                   "Apache License v2.0"@en ;
                                     terms:publisher "TIB – Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Hannover, Germany" ;
                                     owl:versionInfo "1.0.0"@en ,
                                                     "2025-12-02"^^xsd:string .

#################################################################
#    Annotation properties
#################################################################

###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/citation
dc:citation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
            dc:identifier "citation"@en .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor
dc:contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator
dc:creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
           rdfs:comment "Mayra Russo"@en .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description
dc:description rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier
dc:identifier rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source
dc:source rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title
dc:title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
         rdfs:label "dc:title"@en ;
         rdfs:range rdfs:Literal .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation
terms:bibliographicCitation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                            rdfs:range rdfs:Literal .

###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/created
terms:created rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/language
terms:language rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
               rdfs:range terms:LinguisticSystem .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
terms:license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .

#################################################################
#    Object Properties
#################################################################

###  http://tool4boxology.org/hasPattern
<http://tool4boxology.org/hasPattern> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                      rdfs:domain <http://tool4boxology.org/Boxology> ;
                                      rdfs:range <http://tool4boxology.org/DesignPattern> ;
                                      rdfs:comment "Patterns (elementary or composite) used in a Boxology diagram." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/hasInput
<http://tool4boxology.org/hasInput> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                        rdfs:domain <http://tool4boxology.org/DesignPattern> ;
                                        rdfs:range <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                        rdfs:comment "Input artifacts for a pattern." ;
                                        rdfs:label "hasInput"^^xsd:string .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/hasOutput
<http://tool4boxology.org/hasOutput> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                         rdfs:domain <http://tool4boxology.org/DesignPattern> ;
                                         rdfs:range <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                         rdfs:comment "Output artifacts produced by a pattern." ;
                                         rdfs:label "hasOutput"^^xsd:string .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/patternProcess
<http://tool4boxology.org/patternProcess> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                          rdfs:domain <http://tool4boxology.org/DesignPattern> ;
                                          rdfs:range <http://tool4boxology.org/Process> ;
                                          rdfs:comment "The core process of the pattern." ;
                                          rdfs:label "hasProcess"^^xsd:string .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/usesAssumption
<http://tool4boxology.org/usesAssumption> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                          rdfs:domain <http://tool4boxology.org/Infer> ;
                                          rdfs:range <http://tool4boxology.org/ReasoningAssumption> ;
                                          rdfs:comment "Associates an inference process with a reasoning assumption." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/outputRoleParticipatesInProcess
<http://tool4boxology.org/outputRoleParticipatesInProcess> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                                         rdfs:range <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "outputRoleParticipatesInProcess"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/inputRoleParticipatesInProcess
<http://tool4boxology.org/inputRoleParticipatesInProcess> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                                         rdfs:range <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "inputRoleParticipatesInProcess"@en .


#################################################################
#    Classes
#################################################################

###  http://tool4boxology.org/Actor
<http://tool4boxology.org/Actor> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                 rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                 rdfs:comment "Human or software agent participating in a system." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact
<http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                    rdfs:comment "Any entity represented as a node in Boxology (data, symbols, models, processes, actors)." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/AxiomMiningModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/AxiomMiningModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                            rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/SelfSupervisedRuleMiningModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Boxology
<http://tool4boxology.org/Boxology> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                    rdfs:comment "A complete Boxology diagram describing a neuro-symbolic architecture." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/CNN
<http://tool4boxology.org/CNN> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralNetwork> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/ClosedWorldAssumption
<http://tool4boxology.org/ClosedWorldAssumption> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                 rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/ReasoningAssumption> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/CompositePattern
<http://tool4boxology.org/CompositePattern> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                            rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/DesignPattern> ;
                                            rdfs:comment "A pattern composed from multiple elementary patterns." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/DB
<http://tool4boxology.org/DB> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                              rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Symbol> ;
                              rdfs:comment "Database or table-like symbolic structure." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Data
<http://tool4boxology.org/Data> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                rdfs:comment "Data instance (text, image, vector, traces, etc.)." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/DecoderOnlyTransformer
<http://tool4boxology.org/DecoderOnlyTransformer> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                  rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Transformer> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Deduce
<http://tool4boxology.org/Deduce> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                  rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Infer> ;
                                  rdfs:comment "Symbolic deduction (rule-based, ontology reasoning)." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/DesignPattern
<http://tool4boxology.org/DesignPattern> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                         rdfs:comment "Abstract building block describing a Boxology operation." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/ElementaryPattern
<http://tool4boxology.org/ElementaryPattern> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                             rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/DesignPattern> ;
                                             rdfs:comment "A minimal well-typed Boxology pattern (train, transform, deduce, etc.)." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/EncoderDecoderTransformer
<http://tool4boxology.org/EncoderDecoderTransformer> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                     rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Transformer> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/EncoderOnlyTransformer
<http://tool4boxology.org/EncoderOnlyTransformer> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                  rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Transformer> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/GAT
<http://tool4boxology.org/GAT> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/GNN> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/GCN
<http://tool4boxology.org/GCN> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/GNN> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/GNN
<http://tool4boxology.org/GNN> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralNetwork> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/GRU
<http://tool4boxology.org/GRU> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/RNN> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Generate
<http://tool4boxology.org/Generate> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                    rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Process> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/InductiveModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/InductiveModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                          rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Model> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Infer
<http://tool4boxology.org/Infer> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                 rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Process> ;
                                 rdfs:comment "Inference process, symbolic or statistical." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/KG
<http://tool4boxology.org/KG> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                              rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Symbol> ;
                              rdfs:comment "Knowledge Graph artifact." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/LLM
<http://tool4boxology.org/LLM> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/LSTM
<http://tool4boxology.org/LSTM> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/RNN> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Model
<http://tool4boxology.org/Model> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                 rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                 rdfs:comment "A model used in a system (semantic, neural, inductive, etc.)." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                       rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Model> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralNetwork
<http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralNetwork> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/NumericModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/NumericModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/InductiveModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/OWLOntology
<http://tool4boxology.org/OWLOntology> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                       rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/SemanticModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/OpenWorldAssumption
<http://tool4boxology.org/OpenWorldAssumption> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/ReasoningAssumption> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Process
<http://tool4boxology.org/Process> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                   rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                   rdfs:comment "Operations such as generate, transform, or infer." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/RDFModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/RDFModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                    rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/SemanticModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/RDFSModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/RDFSModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                     rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/SemanticModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/RNN
<http://tool4boxology.org/RNN> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralNetwork> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/ReasoningAssumption
<http://tool4boxology.org/ReasoningAssumption> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                               rdfs:comment "Reasoning assumption used during an inference process." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/RuleBasedModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/RuleBasedModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                          rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/SemanticModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/SHACLShapesModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/SHACLShapesModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                            rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/SemanticModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/SelfSupervisedEmbeddingModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/SelfSupervisedEmbeddingModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/NumericModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/SelfSupervisedRuleMiningModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/SelfSupervisedRuleMiningModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/SymbolicLearningModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/SemanticModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/SemanticModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Model> ;
                                         rdfs:comment "Logical or symbolic representation model." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/SupervisedGraphNNModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/SupervisedGraphNNModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                  rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/GNN> ,
                                                                  <http://tool4boxology.org/NumericModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Symbol
<http://tool4boxology.org/Symbol> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                  rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Artifact> ;
                                  rdfs:comment "Symbolic structures (labels, triples, relations, KG entities)." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/SymbolicLearningModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/SymbolicLearningModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                 rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/InductiveModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Train
<http://tool4boxology.org/Train> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                 rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Generate> ;
                                 rdfs:comment "Process that trains a model." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Transform
<http://tool4boxology.org/Transform> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                     rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Process> ;
                                     rdfs:comment "Process that transforms data or symbols (embedding, augmentation, cleaning)." .
###  http://tool4boxology.org/Embed
<http://tool4boxology.org/Embed> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                     rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Transform> ;
                                     rdfs:comment "Process that transforms data or symbols into embedding vectors." .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Transformer
<http://tool4boxology.org/Transformer> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                       rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/NeuralNetwork> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/UnsupervisedCommunityDetectionModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/UnsupervisedCommunityDetectionModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                               rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/SymbolicLearningModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/UnsupervisedGraphAnalyticsModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/UnsupervisedGraphAnalyticsModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                           rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/NumericModel> .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Rules
<http://tool4boxology.org/Rules> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Symbol> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "Rules"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/RegressionModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/RegressionModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/StatisticalModel> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "RegressionModel"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/ClusteringModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/ClusteringModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/StatisticalModel> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "ClusteringModel"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Tensor
<http://tool4boxology.org/Tensor> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Data> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "Tensor"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Label
<http://tool4boxology.org/Label> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Symbol> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "Label"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Image
<http://tool4boxology.org/Image> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Data> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "Image"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/StatisticalModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/StatisticalModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Model> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "StatisticalModel"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Audio
<http://tool4boxology.org/Audio> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Data> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "Audio"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Robot
<http://tool4boxology.org/Robot> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Actor> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "Robot"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/ClassificationModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/ClassificationModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/StatisticalModel> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "ClassificationModel"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/TimeSeries
<http://tool4boxology.org/TimeSeries> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Data> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "TimeSeries"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Engineer
<http://tool4boxology.org/Engineer> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Generate> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "Engineer"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Text
<http://tool4boxology.org/Text> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Data> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "Text"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Number
<http://tool4boxology.org/Number> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Data> ;
                                                         rdfs:label "Number"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Human
<http://tool4boxology.org/Human> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Actor> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "Human"@en .

###  http://tool4boxology.org/Expert
<http://tool4boxology.org/Expert> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Human> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "Expert"@en .
###  http://tool4boxology.org/MedicalProfessional
<http://tool4boxology.org/MedicalProfessional> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Expert> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "MedicalProfessional"@en .

###  http://tool4boxology.org/Dataset
<http://tool4boxology.org/Dataset> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Data> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "Dataset"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Video
<http://tool4boxology.org/Video> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Data> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "Video"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/Trace
<http://tool4boxology.org/Trace> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/Symbol> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "Trace"@en .


###  http://tool4boxology.org/FuzzyModel
<http://tool4boxology.org/FuzzyModel> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:subClassOf <http://tool4boxology.org/StatisticalModel> ;
                                                        rdfs:label "FuzzyModel"@en .