Health-RI Ontology

An Acquired Health Condition is a category used to denote health conditions that develop after birth. In the model, it is treated as a subtype of known-origin conditions, emphasizing that their identifiable cause emerges during the individual's life course. This classification complements congenital conditions by capturing the contrast between pre-birth and post-birth origins of known health conditions.

• Externally-caused Health Condition ^c
• Known-Origin Health Condition ^c

Allosome is a subkind of Chromosome that denotes the sex chromosomes present in human cells. Allosomes are responsible for determining chromosomal sex and also contribute to sexual development and related biological traits. In humans, diploid cells typically contain two allosomes, which may occur in the combinations XX or XY.

• Allosome X ^c
• Allosome Y ^c

Allosome X is a subkind of Allosome representing the X chromosome. It contains a large number of genes, many of which are not directly related to sex determination but are essential for general biological functions. The X chromosome is present in both males and females, typically as XX in females and as XY in males.

Allosome Y is a subkind of Allosome representing the Y chromosome. It carries genes critical for initiating male sex differentiation and development but contains fewer genes than the X chromosome. In viable human cells, the Y chromosome never occurs alone and must be paired with at least one X chromosome.

An Animal is represented as a general category that specializes Cellular Entity and provides the basis for distinguishing humans from other living beings. In the model it subsumes both persons and non-human animals, forming a complete and disjoint partition of animal types. As a biological entity, it is also connected to the representation of health conditions, ensuring that conditions are grounded in organisms with a cellular structure. In addition, Animal is modeled as a type of agent, allowing it to participate in actions and interactions alongside other agents such as organizations and artificial agents. This position highlights its dual role as both a biological and an agentive category within the ontology.

• Agent ^c
• Cellular Entity ^c
• Substantial ^c

• Non-Human Animal ^c
• Person ^c

A Cellular Entity is represented as a general category that encompasses entities defined by a cellular structure. In the model it subsumes both living and dead cellular entities through a complete and disjoint partition, ensuring that all possible cellular states are covered. The class provides the foundation for including not only organisms but also embryos, fetuses, and cells as part of the ontology.

• Dead Cellular Entity ^c
• Diagnosed Cellular Entity ^c
• Living Cellular Entity ^c
• Animal ^c

Chromosome is a kind that denotes the thread-like structures composed of nucleic acids and proteins that carry genetic information within human cells. They are the structural units in which genes are organized and transmitted across cell divisions, ensuring the preservation of hereditary information.

In human diploid cells, chromosomes occur in pairs and collectively encode the instructions necessary for development, biological functioning, and reproduction. Chromosomes are further distinguished into categories such as allosomes, which determine chromosomal sex, and autosomes, which are not directly involved in sex determination.

Condition is a category used to represent a state that inheres in an individual animal as its bearer. In the model, Health Condition specializes Condition, and Condition can be characterized by Condition Indicators that describe or evidence the state in diagnostic contexts.

• gufo:ExtrinsicMode ^c or gufo:IntrinsicMode ^c
• gufo:Aspect

A Congenital Health Condition is a category used to denote health conditions that are present at birth. In the model, it is treated as a subtype of known-origin conditions, emphasizing that their identifiable cause lies in factors affecting development before or during birth. This classification situates congenital conditions within the broader framework of etiological distinctions.

• Known-Origin Health Condition ^c
• Non-traumatic Health Condition ^c

A Dead Cellular Entity is represented as a phase of a cellular entity in which biological activity is no longer present. In the model it complements the living state as part of a complete and disjoint partition, ensuring that both conditions of cellular existence are accounted for. This class makes explicit that cellular entities remain identifiable even after death within the ontology.

A Diploid Cell is a human cell characterized by the presence of two chromosome sets. It is modeled as a subkind of Human Cell that includes chromosomes as components, with the number of chromosomes distinguishing it from other cell types in the model. In this representation, the diploid structure is complete and disjoint relative to the haploid alternative, reflecting its role in forming the ordinary chromosomal basis of human somatic cells.

Disease is represented as a specialization of Pathological Health Condition. In the model it captures a subset of pathological conditions that are formally identified as diseases, ensuring that such cases are explicitly represented within the broader pathological category.

• Established Health Condition ^c
• Non-traumatic Health Condition ^c
• Pathological Health Condition ^c

An Established Health Condition is represented as a condition that is already present and identifiable, as opposed to a risk or predisposition. In the model it stands in contrast to risk-based health conditions, forming part of a complete and disjoint partition of health condition nature types. It provides the structural basis for organizing conditions that have been diagnosed or are otherwise clinically recognized, supporting their classification according to structural, functional, psychological, or etiological aspects.

• Non-traumatic Health Condition ^c or Traumatic Health Condition ^c
• Non-structural Health Condition ^c or Structural Health Condition ^c
• Idiopathic Health Condition ^c or Known-Origin Health Condition ^c

• Disease ^c
• Idiopathic Health Condition ^c
• Structural Health Condition ^c
• Traumatic Health Condition ^c
• Non-structural Health Condition ^c
• Non-traumatic Health Condition ^c
• Known-Origin Health Condition ^c

An Exposure-based Health Condition is a category used to represent health conditions that arise from contact with or presence of external agents or environments. In the model, it is shown as a subtype of externally-caused health conditions, distinguished from injury by its basis in exposure rather than direct traumatic events.

• Externally-caused Health Condition ^c
• Non-injury Health Condition ^c

An Externally-caused Health Condition is a category used to represent health conditions that depend on external factors for their occurrence. In the model, it appears as a subtype of known-origin health conditions, contrasted with inherent ones, and includes cases where exposure or injury is the determining cause.

• gufo:ExtrinsicMode
• Known-Origin Health Condition ^c

• Acquired Health Condition ^c
• Injury ^c
• Exposure-based Health Condition ^c

Functional Health Condition is a category of Non-injury Health Condition used to group conditions characterized by an alteration in the functional performance of psychological, physiological, or bodily processes. Its placement under the non-structural axis highlights that the classification is based on how a health condition affects operation or activity, rather than on structural damage or the presence of an injury.

A Gamete is represented as a specific subkind of Haploid Cell. In the model it inherits the single chromosome set characteristic of haploid cells and is positioned as the mature form used in reproductive processes. The diagram shows it as a specialization, clarifying its placement in the ontology as the reproductive entity derived from haploid cellular structures.

A Haploid Cell is a human cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. It is modeled as a subkind of Human Cell, disjoint and complete with the diploid alternative, and participates in the componentOf relation with chromosomes. Its reduced chromosomal count is essential for distinguishing it from diploid cells, and in the model it also serves as the basis from which gametes are defined.

A Health Condition is represented as a specialization of Condition associated with an animal entity. In the model it serves as the general category from which more specific health-related distinctions are derived. It provides the structural basis for differentiating pathological, non-pathological, risk-based, and established conditions.

• Established Health Condition ^c or Risk-based Health Condition ^c
• Pathological Health Condition ^c or Non-Pathological Health Condition ^c

• Non-Pathological Health Condition ^c
• Risk-based Health Condition ^c
• Pathological Health Condition ^c
• Established Health Condition ^c

The fundamental structural and functional unit of the human body. A Human Cell is modeled as a kind that provides the basis for distinguishing between diploid and haploid cell types in the ontology. It is represented as the container of chromosomes, with its structural variation expressed through the number of chromosomes it includes.

• Diploid Cell ^c
• Polyploid ^c
• Haploid Cell ^c

An Idiopathic Health Condition is a category used to represent health conditions for which no specific cause can be identified. In the model, it is contrasted with conditions of known origin, highlighting the absence of a clear etiological explanation.

• Established Health Condition ^c
• Non-traumatic Health Condition ^c

An Inherent Health Condition is a category used to represent health conditions that arise independently of external causal factors. In the model, it is placed as a subtype of known-origin health conditions, contrasted with externally-caused cases, and reflects conditions understood as intrinsic to the individual.

• gufo:IntrinsicMode
• Known-Origin Health Condition ^c
• Non-injury Health Condition ^c

Injury is a category used to represent health conditions that result from traumatic events or exposures. In the model, it is treated as a subtype of externally-caused health conditions, with trauma or harmful exposure identified as the relevant basis for its occurrence.

A person whose karyotypical sex is female, determined by the sex chromosome complement. This class classifies persons by karyotype only and does not depend on phenotypic traits or on any sex assigned or assessed at birth or later.

Karyotypic Female-sex Person subsumes both Regular Karyotypical Female Person and Variant Karyotypical Female Person, which are categorized as female in the model. It is exclusive with Karyotypic Male-sex Person within the karyotypical-sex classification of persons.

• Female-sex Person ^c
• Person ^c

• Regular Karyotypical Female Person ^c
• Variant Karyotypical Female Person ^c

A person whose karyotypical sex is male, determined by the sex chromosome complement. This class classifies persons by karyotype only and does not depend on phenotypic traits or on any sex assigned or assessed at birth or later.

Karyotypic Male-sex Person subsumes both Regular Karyotypical Male Person and Variant Karyotypical Male Person, which are categorized as male in the model. It is exclusive with Karyotypic Female-sex Person within the karyotypical-sex classification of persons.

• Male-sex Person ^c
• Person ^c

• Regular Karyotypical Male Person ^c
• Variant Karyotypical Male Person ^c

Captures cases where the chromosomal composition does not allow clear classification as male or female. This category acknowledges the existence of complex or ambiguous chromosomal patterns that do not fit binary definitions.

A Known-Origin Health Condition is a category used to represent health conditions for which a specific cause can be identified. In the model, it is contrasted with idiopathic cases, emphasizing the distinction between conditions explained by their etiology and those without a clear causal account.

• Acquired Health Condition ^c or Congenital Health Condition ^c
• Externally-caused Health Condition ^c or Inherent Health Condition ^c

• Acquired Health Condition ^c
• Congenital Health Condition ^c
• Inherent Health Condition ^c
• Externally-caused Health Condition ^c

A Living Cellular Entity is represented as a phase of a cellular entity characterized by the presence of biological activity. In the model it appears as part of a complete and disjoint partition of cellular entity states, capturing the condition in which cells, embryos, or organisms are biologically active. This class clarifies that the living state is explicitly represented in contrast to its dead counterpart.

The class /Non-Human Animal represents every animal that is not a Person. It is modeled as the complement of the class Person with respect to the more general class Animal. This includes all biological animals outside the human species, independent of their specific taxonomy or characteristics.

The class abstracts from distinctions among different animal groups, serving instead to delimit the scope of Person within the Animal category. It ensures that the ontology can clearly separate human individuals from all other animals, while still maintaining their common status as animals under the broader hierarchy.

Non-injury Health Condition is an abstract category that serves as a top-level grouping for conditions not defined by injury events. It functions as a root point in the model from which further classifications, such as non-structural, functional, structural, or etiology-based categories, are derived. This abstraction clarifies the distinction between conditions arising without injury and those grouped under Injury, ensuring that subsequent classifications remain consistent across the different axes represented in the diagrams.

• gufo:IntrinsicMode ^c or gufo:ExtrinsicMode ^c
• gufo:Aspect

• Psychological Health Condition ^c
• Exposure-based Health Condition ^c
• Inherent Health Condition ^c

A Non-Pathological Health Condition is represented as a condition that does not fall under the pathological category. It complements pathological health conditions as part of a complete and disjoint partition, ensuring that the ontology accounts for conditions that may affect health without being classified as pathological.

Non-structural Health Condition is an abstract, derived category under Established Health Condition used on the aspect axis to classify conditions not identified by structural manifestation. It stands as the complement of Structural Health Condition within a complete, disjoint generalization and is further specialized by Psychological Health Condition and Functional Health Condition in a complete, overlapping set. This classification is organizational only and does not determine origin, etiology, dependence, or trauma status, which are handled on other axes.

• Functional Health Condition ^c
• Psychological Health Condition ^c

A Non-traumatic Health Condition is a category used to characterize health conditions that arise without a direct causal link to trauma. In the model, it groups together conditions that may have idiopathic or known origins, including congenital or acquired forms, thereby distinguishing them from conditions that are explicitly the result of injury or traumatic events.

• Disease ^c
• Congenital Health Condition ^c
• Idiopathic Health Condition ^c

A Pathological Health Condition is represented as a condition that qualifies as pathological in nature. It forms one side of the complete and disjoint partition of health conditions, capturing disorders or diseases that are clinically recognized as pathological. This class serves as the basis for further specialization into categories such as disease or non-traumatic health condition.

A Person with Regular Sex Chromosome is represented as an individual whose sex chromosomes conform to the most frequent configurations in the population. In the model this class specializes Person and is disjoint and complete with its variant counterpart, capturing the regular chromosomal patterns used to define standard karyotypical categories. Its role is to provide the structural basis for distinguishing the commonly occurring XX and XY arrangements (reflected in Regular Karyotypical Female Person and Regular Karyotypical Male Person) from other possibilities.

• Regular Karyotypical Female Person ^c
• Regular Karyotypical Male Person ^c

A Person with Variant Sex Chromosome is represented as an individual whose chromosomal composition departs from the most common XX or XY configurations. In the model this class complements the regular category, ensuring that cases of chromosomal variation are consistently represented. It specializes Person and accounts for less frequent patterns, maintaining completeness and disjointness with the regular classification to capture chromosomal diversity in a systematic way (reflected in Variant Karyotypical Female Person and Variant Karyotypical Male Person).

• Karyotypical Indeterminate Person ^c
• Variant Karyotypical Female Person ^c
• Variant Karyotypical Male Person ^c

Psychological Health Condition is a category of Non-injury Health Condition used to classify conditions by their primary psychological manifestation within the model's non-structural axis. It groups health conditions whose salient features concern mental, affective, cognitive, or behavioral aspects rather than structural tissue damage or an injury event.

Placement in this hierarchy does not determine etiology, dependence, or origin. A Psychological Health Condition may also be specialized along those other axes where applicable in the diagrams, since the generalization sets there can be complete and overlapping. The category therefore provides a focused, non-injury, non-structural reading of a condition while remaining compatible with the other classifications present in the model.

• Non-injury Health Condition ^c
• Non-structural Health Condition ^c

Refers to individuals with the standard female chromosomal configuration, typically XX. This category aligns with the most common understanding of female karyotypical sex in biology.

• Karyotypic Female-sex Person ^c
• Person with Regular Sex Chromosome ^c

Represents individuals with a typical male chromosomal configuration, usually XY. It reflects the standard genetic basis used to define male karyotypical sex in medical and genetic contexts.

• Karyotypic Male-sex Person ^c
• Person with Regular Sex Chromosome ^c

A Risk-based Health Condition is represented as a condition that captures the probability or predisposition of future illness rather than an existing disorder. In the model it complements established health conditions, ensuring that the ontology incorporates preventive and epidemiological perspectives alongside diagnostic ones.

• gufo:IntrinsicMode
• Health Condition ^c

Structural Health Condition is a category of Non-injury Health Condition used to group conditions identified by structural manifestations in tissues, organs, or other physical components of the body. Its role in the model is to emphasize that a health condition may be classified by its material or anatomical expression, independent of its etiology or dependence relations. This structural axis provides a complementary view to the functional classification, allowing conditions to be interpreted within multiple overlapping categories as specified in the diagrams.

A Traumatic Health Condition is a category used to describe health conditions that result from traumatic events, such as physical injuries or exposure to harmful forces. In the model, it serves to contrast with non-traumatic cases by emphasizing the causal role of trauma in the condition's origin.

• Established Health Condition ^c
• Injury ^c

Describes individuals with variations from the standard XX female configuration while still aligning with a female classification. Such variations may include atypical chromosomal arrangements that result in female phenotypes or identities.

• Karyotypic Female-sex Person ^c
• Person with Variant Sex Chromosome ^c

Includes individuals whose chromosomal patterns are considered male but differ from the standard XY configuration. For example, XXY or other variations that still lead to a male classification but with genetic differences.

• Karyotypic Male-sex Person ^c
• Person with Variant Sex Chromosome ^c

Administrative Coding Diagnosis is a Healthcare Diagnosis defined by having an administrative coding record as its source. The diagnostic statement is taken from the administrative code representation rather than from clinical examination, laboratory measurement, or imaging as sources.

Antemortem Diagnosis is a Cellular Entity Diagnosis concerning material obtained from a living organism before death. The temporal qualifier applies to the organism's life status at specimen collection or observation time, regardless of when the diagnostic conclusion is formulated, and contrasts with Postmortem Diagnosis in the same set.

A healthcare diagnosis whose use is oriented to direct care. Its purpose is to inform decisions for an identified patient or group in a care context, as opposed to surveillance or research uses.

A diagnosis whose focus is a cellular entity as the diagnosed entity, rather than an organism-level subject. It organizes diagnosis types that concern cellular-level objects and is separate from organism-focused healthcare diagnosis types.

• Antemortem Diagnosis ^c
• Postmortem Diagnosis ^c

Clinical Diagnosis is a Healthcare Diagnosis whose source is clinical evaluation of the individual, grounded primarily in history, signs, and examination, possibly considering test results. Its scope is distinguished from diagnoses whose source is exclusively laboratory, imaging, or administrative coding.

A temporally subsequent state of a Diagnostic Relation after the diagnostic process has been completed. It is a historical role taken by the relation once it has been determined through Diagnostic Assessment events, and is therefore manifested by such assessments.

A Diagnostic Assessment event that reaches a definitive result. It determines the diagnostic outcome without remaining uncertainty, distinguishing it from Inconclusive Diagnostic Assessment and providing the basis for the corresponding outcome type.

• Negative Diagnosis Assessment ^c
• Positive Diagnosis Assessment ^c

An information-bearing item that serves as an indicator about a Condition and characterizes a diagnosed entity. It captures observable or reported features used as evidence during diagnosis, without committing to any particular diagnostic result.

• gufo:ExtrinsicMode ^c or gufo:IntrinsicMode ^c
• gufo:Aspect

A diagnosed entity that is a biological part of an organism. The role applies when the diagnostic focus is a component such as an organ, tissue, or other anatomical part rather than the whole organism.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Diagnosed Entity ^c

A diagnosed entity that is a cellular entity. The role applies when the diagnostic focus is at cell level or below, covering cells and their subcellular structures.

• Cellular Entity ^c
• Diagnosed Entity ^c

A substantial that plays the diagnosed role within a Diagnostic Relation. It is the thing about which a diagnosis is formed and is connected to the relation that mediates the diagnostic process.

A diagnosed entity may be characterized by conditions and by condition indicators, and it can be instantiated by varied bearers such as an organism, a biological part, a cellular entity, a specimen, or a group.

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb251 some Diagnostic Relation ^c
  
• gufo:inheresIn min 1
  

• Diagnosed Biological Part ^c
• Diagnosed Cellular Entity ^c
• Diagnosed Group ^c
• Diagnosed Specimen ^c

A diagnosed entity that is a group considered as the diagnostic focus. The role applies when the assessment concerns a set of individuals as a group rather than each member separately.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Diagnosed Entity ^c

A diagnosed entity that is a specimen used for diagnostic purposes. The role applies to collected biological material that serves as the focus of assessment.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Diagnosed Entity ^c

An agent that bears the diagnosing role in a diagnostic process. It participates by being mediated by a Diagnostic Relation and may be a person or an artificial agent, as indicated by the specialized types.

A diagnosing agent can be characterized by diagnosis suspicions it holds, and may also serve as an outcome issuer that issues a Diagnostic Assessment Outcome.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Agent ^c

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb259 some Diagnostic Relation ^c
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb261 some Diagnosis Suspicion ^c
  

• Diagnosing Artificial Agent ^c
• Diagnostic Outcome Issuer ^c
• Diagnosing Person ^c

An artificial agent that bears the diagnosing role in a diagnostic process. It participates as a diagnosing agent when a system or device performs diagnostic activities within a Diagnostic Relation.

• Artificial Agent ^c
• Diagnosing Agent ^c

A person that bears the diagnosing role in a diagnostic process. This role may be taken by individuals with different professional statuses, which are further specialized as layperson or professional diagnosing agents.

• Diagnosing Agent ^c
• Person ^c

• Layperson Diagnosing Agent ^c
• Professional Diagnosing Agent ^c

A diagnostic assessment outcome that asserts the presence of a condition for a diagnosed entity. It results from a positive diagnosis assessment and serves as the recorded outcome of the diagnostic process for the case at hand.

As an outcome, it stands in contrast to a No-Diagnosis Outcome and provides the basis for classifying specific kinds of diagnoses used in practice.

• External Diagnosis ^c
• Self-diagnosis ^c
• Healthcare Diagnosis ^c

A belief held by a diagnosing agent that characterizes that agent regarding the possibility of a Condition in a diagnosed entity. It reflects a preliminary cognitive stance prior to or during assessment.

An event in which a diagnostic process is carried out to determine an assessment result type. It manifests a concluded diagnostic relation and may yield a diagnostic assessment outcome that characterizes the result.

• Inconclusive Diagnostic Assessment ^c
• Conclusive Diagnostic Assessment ^c

A mode that records the result of a diagnostic assessment. It is the issued outcome of the assessment and can be of different kinds, such as a Diagnosis or a No-Diagnosis Outcome, reflecting the conclusive determination reached by the diagnosing process. Each outcome is issued by an agent acting as a Diagnostic Outcome Issuer.

• No-Diagnosis Outcome ^c
• Diagnosis ^c

A mode that characterizes a diagnostic relation by specifying the concrete procedure or approach applied in that relation. Each diagnostic method instantiates a diagnostic method type that classifies the kind of procedure used.

An agent that bears the role of issuing a diagnostic assessment outcome. It is responsible for producing or communicating the outcome that characterizes the result of a diagnostic assessment.

A relator that mediates the participation of a diagnosing agent and a diagnosed entity in a diagnostic process. It is characterized by a diagnostic method that specifies how the relation is conducted.

When the process is finished, the relation can be in a concluded state, and such a concluded diagnostic relation is manifested by diagnostic assessment events that determine the assessment result type.

• gufo:mediates some Diagnosing Agent ^c
  
• gufo:mediates min 1
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb165 exactly 1
  

Epidemiological Diagnosis is a Healthcare Diagnosis defined by reliance on an epidemiological case definition as its source. The diagnostic assertion is derived from population-oriented criteria specified in the case definition, rather than from individual laboratory, imaging, or administrative coding sources.

External Diagnosis is a Diagnosis established by a diagnosing agent who is not identical to the diagnosed entity. It is contrasted with Self-diagnosis, where a single individual plays both Diagnosing Agent and Diagnosed Entity roles; the distinction is based on agent-role separation, independent of method, source, or intended use.

A diagnosis formulated within healthcare practice about an organism-level case. It concerns a patient or animal as a whole, rather than cellular-level objects.

In the model it is organized by focus (human or veterinary), by source of evidence (for example clinical, laboratory, radiological, epidemiological, or administrative coding origins), and by use (care-oriented, surveillance, or research).

• Clinical Diagnosis ^c or Epidemiological Diagnosis ^c or Radiological Diagnosis ^c or Administrative Coding Diagnosis ^c or Laboratory Diagnosis ^c
• Human Healthcare Diagnosis ^c or Veterinary Diagnosis ^c
• Surveillance Diagnosis ^c or Care-oriented Diagnosis ^c or Research Diagnosis ^c

• Care-oriented Diagnosis ^c
• Research Diagnosis ^c
• Surveillance Diagnosis ^c
• Administrative Coding Diagnosis ^c
• Cellular Entity Diagnosis ^c
• Clinical Diagnosis ^c
• Epidemiological Diagnosis ^c
• Human Healthcare Diagnosis ^c
• Laboratory Diagnosis ^c
• Radiological Diagnosis ^c
• Veterinary Diagnosis ^c

A diagnosis concerning a human patient in a healthcare context. Its scope is human health rather than veterinary care.

A diagnostic assessment that does not reach a definitive determination. It completes without yielding a conclusive diagnostic assessment outcome.

A healthcare diagnosis established primarily from laboratory analyses of specimens such as blood or tissue.

A diagnosing person whose professional status is layperson. The role applies when a person acts as a diagnosing agent without holding a professional status in the relevant domain.

A conclusive diagnostic assessment whose result determines the absence of a diagnosis for the case at hand. It yields a No-Diagnosis Outcome.

A diagnostic assessment outcome indicating that the assessment concluded without establishing a diagnosis. It records the negative result of a conclusive assessment.

A conclusive diagnostic assessment whose result determines a diagnosis for the case at hand. It yields a Diagnosis.

A diagnosis established after the death of the organism to which it refers. It contrasts with Antemortem Diagnosis by being determined in a post-death context.

A diagnosing person whose professional status is professional. The role applies when a person acts as a diagnosing agent with a recognized professional status in the relevant domain.

A healthcare diagnosis for which the determining evidence originates from diagnostic imaging performed by radiology. Typical sources include X-ray, CT, and MRI images.

A healthcare diagnosis whose use is oriented to research. It serves as a diagnostic assertion used to support study design, data analysis, or methodological evaluation, rather than to guide direct care for a specific patient.

A diagnosis made by an individual about themself, where the same individual plays the Diagnosing Agent and the Diagnosed Entity roles. It contrasts with External Diagnosis, which presupposes different individuals in those roles.

A healthcare diagnosis whose use is oriented to surveillance. It functions as a diagnostic assertion used for monitoring, reporting, or population-level oversight, rather than for immediate care decisions about a specific patient.

A diagnosis concerning non-human animals within veterinary care. Its scope is animal health and care rather than human healthcare.

An individual agent realized by an artifact-based system rather than by a human person. It falls under the broader class Agent and under Individual Agent, and is disjoint from Person in the individual-agent partition. The class serves as a common type for machines or software-controlled systems that can act, perceive, or decide in ways that count as agency for the purposes of this model.

Artificial Agent provides the basis for role-specific specializations in particular contexts. For example, when participating in diagnostic activities an instance can instantiate the Diagnosing Artificial Agent role.

A general type of mental state that can characterize an agent and guide reasoning about a situation. In the diagnostic context it serves as the common category for the beliefs that arise during or from diagnostic activities.

Belief subsumes Diagnosis Suspicion and Diagnostic Assessment Outcome as specialized kinds of belief used in the model. The class captures the agent's cognitive stance without itself committing to whether that stance is correct or incorrect.

• Diagnosis Suspicion ^c
• Diagnostic Assessment Outcome ^c

A calendar date composed of year, month, and day in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. The year is an integer that may be negative or positive. The month is a Month value. The day is an integer constrained by the month and the leap-year rule. No time-of-day or time-zone semantics are included.

Day ranges follow the usual calendar limits: April, June, September, and November have 30 days; February has 28 days, or 29 only in a leap year; the other months have 31 days. A year is a leap year iff either year mod 400 equals 0, or year mod 4 equals 0 and year mod 100 does not equal 0.

• day ^dp
• month ^op
• year ^dp

• date ^op
• date of birth ^op

A document whose embodiment is digital. Its content is represented in an electronic information structure that can be stored, processed, or transmitted by computing systems. The definition is independent of any specific file format or storage technology.

Digital Document specializes Document and is disjoint from Physical Document.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Document ^c

A recorded piece of information that can be stored, shared, and referenced, regardless of medium. Documents serve as authoritative records of facts, decisions, or transactions and can exist in physical or digital form. They are used to communicate, formalize, and preserve information across contexts such as administration, law, business, and personal records.

• Administrative Gender Recognition Document ^c
• Digital Document ^c
• Physical Document ^c

A formal organization with authority to create, implement, and enforce laws and policies within a defined territory. Governments typically manage public services, maintain order, and regulate social and economic activities. They exercise unique legal powers, including issuing official documents, defining legal statuses, and recognizing individual rights.

A single bearer of agency that can act as one countable unit. It is a subtype of Agent and excludes collective entities such as organizations. Individual Agent is specialized by Person and Artificial Agent, which partition the space of individual agents. It serves as the general type from which individual participants in recognition or other agentive relations are taken.

• Administrative Gender Recognition Agent ^c
• Artificial Agent ^c
• Person ^c

An enumeration with exactly twelve values: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December. These values are used to designate the month component of a calendar date.

A civil date-time with explicit UTC offset and nanosecond precision. It consists of a Date plus hour, minute, second, optional nanosecond, and utcOffsetMinutes. Hour is 0..23. Minute is 0..59. Second is 0..59; leap seconds (value 60) are out of scope and inputs with second equal to 60 must be rejected. Nanosecond, when present, is an integer in 0..999999999. The value 24:00:00 is not permitted.

The UTC offset is expressed as an integer number of minutes east of UTC in the closed range -840..+840. Any whole-minute offset is allowed, including zones that use 30 or 45 minute increments. The offset qualifies the local date-time but does not imply time-zone rules such as daylight-saving transitions.

• date ^op
• hour ^dp
• minute ^dp
• nanosecond ^dp
• second ^dp
• utcOffsetMinutes ^dp

• end ^op
• start ^op

A structured group of people with a common purpose, such as a business, government agency, nonprofit, or other formal entity. Organizations can have defined roles, responsibilities, and authority to make decisions, deliver services, and interact with individuals or other organizations in systematic ways.

• Government ^c
• Administrative Gender Recognizing Organization ^c

A document whose embodiment is a tangible artifact. Its content is carried by a physical medium that is created, stored, and exchanged through physical handling. The definition is independent of the particular material used.

Physical Document specializes Document and is disjoint from Digital Document.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Document ^c

A Social Agent is an Agent that can participate in social interactions in which socially meaningful values are attributed to persons and other agents. It provides a general notion for agents that can act in social contexts where such attributions are relevant.

Social Agent includes individual agents and organizations, covering persons and artificial agents as individual agents as well as organizational entities. It supports a uniform treatment of these participants in social contexts where socially meaningful values are attributed.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Agent ^c

• Organization ^c
• Individual Agent ^c

Adolescent denotes the life stage of a living person between childhood and adulthood. It is one of the mutually exclusive life-stage categories Child, Adolescent, and Adult shown as a complete set. In the progression constraints indicated, no person can be an adolescent without first being a child.

Adult denotes the life stage of a living person after adolescence. It is one of the mutually exclusive life-stage categories Child, Adolescent, and Adult shown as a complete set. In the progression constraints indicated, no person can be an adult without first being an adolescent.

Biological Father is the parental capacity of a person who is the genetic father of a specific child. It is realized within a Parent-Child Relation that connects this parent with that child, who participates as Offspring. The capacity is child-specific: one person may bear it for multiple children, each through its own relation.

Biological Mother is the parental capacity of a person who is the genetic mother of a specific child. It is realized within a Parent-Child Relation that connects this parent with that child, who participates as Offspring. The capacity is child-specific: one person may bear it for multiple children, each through its own relation.

Child denotes the life stage of a living person prior to adolescence. It identifies persons who are not yet adolescents or adults and may bear roles that depend on being a child.

• Living Person ^c
• Person ^c

Dead Person denotes the life-status phase of a person whose life has ended. This phase begins at exactly one Person's Death event and is mutually exclusive with being a Living Person. Each dead person is characterized by exactly one Person's Death Cause.

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb86 exactly 1
  
• gufo:wasTerminatedIn exactly 1
  

Represents any trained and authorized individual who provides medical or health-related services. This includes doctors, nurses, midwives, and other clinicians involved in patient care. In the context of this model, healthcare professionals carry out assessments, make observations, and record classifications such as phenotypic sex at birth, but their role more broadly encompasses diagnosis, treatment, counseling, and support for overall health and well-being.

• Phenotypic Sex Assessor ^c
• Sex at Birth Assigner ^c

Living Person denotes the life-status phase of a person whose life is ongoing. Together with Dead Person it forms a complete and disjoint partition of persons by living status. Within this phase, the life-stage subclasses Child, Adolescent, and Adult form a complete and disjoint specialization, and the self-awareness subclasses Self-aware Person and Non-self-aware Person form a complete and disjoint specialization.

• Non-self-aware Person ^c or Self-aware Person ^c
• Child ^c or Adult ^c or Adolescent ^c

• Adolescent ^c
• Adult ^c
• Non-self-aware Person ^c
• Child ^c
• Self-aware Person ^c

Represents a phase of a Person lacking developed self-awareness. A Non-self-aware Person does not possess the cognitive capacity to recognize themselves as an individual or to reflect on their own mental states. This phase includes early developmental stages (such as infancy) or certain conditions that prevent the emergence of self-awareness.

Offspring is the role a child bears relative to their biological parents. A person bears this role within a Parent-Child Relation that ties the child to a Biological Mother and/or a Biological Father, and the role is created at the child's Person's Birth event.

• Child ^c
• Person ^c

• gufo:mediates some Parent-Child Relation ^c
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb56 some Person's Birth ^c
  

Parent-Child Relation is the relation that connects a specific child with their biological parent roles. It mediates the participation of a Biological Mother and/or a Biological Father together with the child who bears the Offspring role, and it is manifested by a Person's Birth event that brings this relation into existence.

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb215 some Biological Mother ^c
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb217 some Biological Father ^c
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb219 exactly 1
  
• gufo:manifestedIn exactly 1
  

Person is a kind that denotes a single human individual as an agentive biological individual. Within the Agent hierarchy it is treated as an Individual Agent and a biological animal. The class provides the enduring identity of the human across time and contexts and abstracts from specific classifications or statuses.

A Person may bear intrinsic modes such as Sex and Gender, which can be assessed, assigned, or institutionally recognized and give rise to roles including Phenotypic-sex-assessed Person, Sex-at-birth-assigned Person, Legally Recognized Gender Person, and Administratively Recognized Gender Person. A Person may also instantiate phases such as Living Person and Dead Person, and may play social or professional roles such as Offspring, Diagnosing Person, or Healthcare Professional.

• Animal ^c
• Individual Agent ^c

• Legally Recognized Gender Person ^c or Legally Unassigned Gender Person ^c
• Female-gender Person ^c or Male-gender Person ^c or Non-binary-gender Person ^c
• Person with Variant Sex Chromosome ^c or Person with Regular Sex Chromosome ^c
• Karyotypic Male-sex Person ^c or Karyotypic Female-sex Person ^c
• Woman ^c or Non-binary Person ^c or Man ^c
• Living Person ^c or Dead Person ^c
• Sex-at-birth-assigned Person ^c or Sex-at-birth-unassigned Person ^c
• Female-sex Person ^c or Indeterminate-sex Person ^c or Male-sex Person ^c

• date of birth ^op
• has allosome ^op
• parent of ^op

• is biological father of ^op
• is biological mother of ^op
• parent of ^op

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb527 some Sex ^c
  
• gufo:inheresIn min 1
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb530 some Gender ^c
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb532 some Sex-Gender ^c
  

• Legally Unassigned Gender Person ^c
• Sex-at-birth-unassigned Person ^c
• Child ^c
• Healthcare Professional ^c
• Offspring ^c
• Administratively Recognized Gender Person ^c
• Dead Person ^c
• Diagnosing Person ^c
• Legally Recognized Gender Person ^c
• Man ^c
• Non-binary Person ^c
• Person with Regular Sex Chromosome ^c
• Transgender Person ^c
• Woman ^c
• Externally Gender-attributed Person ^c
• Indeterminate-sex Person ^c
• Person with Variant Sex Chromosome ^c
• Self-aware Person ^c
• Cisgender Person ^c
• Karyotypic Female-sex Person ^c
• Karyotypic Male-sex Person ^c
• Living Person ^c
• Non-binary-gender Person ^c
• Phenotypic-sex-assessed Person ^c
• Female-gender Person ^c
• Female-sex Person ^c
• Male-gender Person ^c
• Male-sex Person ^c
• Sex-at-birth-assigned Person ^c

Person's Birth is the event in which a person comes into existence as a child. It creates the Offspring role for that child and is the manifestation of exactly one Parent-Child Relation that connects the child with their biological parent roles. The event has exactly one start timestamp and one end timestamp; the person's date of birth equals the date portion of the end timestamp.

• end ^op
• start ^op

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb225 min 1
  
• gufo:wasCreatedIn exactly 1
  

Person's Death is a temporally bounded event in which an individual person's life ends. It marks the transition of that person from living to dead and stands in a termination relation to exactly one person.

Person's Death Cause is the specific cause attributed to a dead person. It characterizes exactly one dead person and is an instance of exactly one Person's Death Cause Type; a type may correspond to many concrete death causes.

Represents a phase of a Person characterized by the capacity for self-awareness. A Self-aware Person can recognize themselves as a distinct individual, reflect on their own thoughts and experiences, and potentially form concepts such as personal identity and gender identity. This phase typically develops over time and enables participation in complex social roles.

• Living Person ^c
• Person ^c

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb298 exactly 1
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb300 exactly 1
  

• Self-identified Transgender Person ^c
• Self-identified Cisgender Person ^c

Administrative Female Gender is a female gender designation recognized through an administrative process. It represents an officially recorded female gender classification for a person, as established by an organization acting as an administrative gender recognizer. The administrative designation may or may not coincide with the person's self-identified gender or gender expression.

• Administrative Gender ^c
• Externally-attributed Female Gender ^c
• Female Gender ^c

An Administrative Female-gender Person is a person whose administrative gender assignment is female. This classification concerns an administrative recognition of a female gender for the person, as established by an organization acting as an administrative gender recognizer and recorded through an administrative gender recognition.

The class is intended to capture the administrative status of a female gender assignment, independently of how the person identifies or expresses gender or how others may attribute gender in non-administrative contexts.

Administrative Gender is a gender designation that is externally attributed and recorded for administrative purposes by an organization or system. It captures the gender outcome used in administrative records and other administrative contexts, rather than a person's self-identified gender. An administrative gender characterizes a person as the outcome of an administrative gender recognition. It is a specialization of externally-attributed gender and may be further specialized (e.g., legal gender) when grounded in formal legal authority.

• gufo:inheresIn min 1
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb309 exactly 1
  

• Administrative Female Gender ^c
• Administrative Male Gender ^c
• Administrative Non-binary Gender ^c
• Legal Gender ^c

Administrative Gender Recognition is the formal recognition act through which an organization assigns or recognizes a person's administrative gender. It links the recognizing organization, the recognition agent, the person whose gender is being recognized, and the resulting administrative gender designation.

Each administrative gender recognition is carried out by a recognition agent and is recorded in an administrative gender recognition document created by that agent.

• gufo:mediates min 1
  
• gufo:mediates min 1
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb317 some Administrative Gender Recognition Agent ^c
  
• gufo:mediates some Administrative Gender Recognition Document ^c
  
• gufo:mediates min 1
  

Administrative Gender Recognition Agent is an individual who acts on behalf of an Administrative Gender Recognizing Organization in the context of an Administrative Gender Recognition. The agent is mediated by one or more Administrative Gender Recognitions and is created by a recognizing organization to operate on its behalf.

Administrative Gender Recognition Document is a documentary artifact that records an administrative gender recognition and the administrative gender designation recognized for a person. It is created by an administrative gender recognition agent and participates in the recognition or recognitions it records.

The document provides the administrative record that ties a recognition act to its recorded administrative gender outcome.

Administrative Gender Recognizing Organization is the organizational role of the authority that recognizes a person's administrative gender. It participates in an Administrative Gender Recognition as the recognizing organization and may delegate operational activities to an Administrative Gender Recognition Agent that acts on its behalf, including creating the associated recognition document.

• Gender Attributor ^c
• Organization ^c

Administrative Male Gender is a male gender designation recognized through an administrative process. It represents an officially recorded male gender classification for a person, as established by an organization acting as an administrative gender recognizer. The administrative designation may or may not coincide with the person's self-identified gender or gender expression.

• Administrative Gender ^c
• Externally-attributed Male Gender ^c
• Male Gender ^c

An Administrative Male-gender Person is a person whose administrative gender assignment is male. This classification concerns an administrative recognition of a male gender for the person, as established by an organization acting as an administrative gender recognizer and recorded through an administrative gender recognition.

The class is intended to capture the administrative status of a male gender assignment, independently of how the person identifies or expresses gender or how others may attribute gender in non-administrative contexts.

Administrative Non-binary Gender is a non-binary gender designation recognized through an administrative process. It represents an officially recorded non-binary gender classification for a person, as established by an organization acting as an administrative gender recognizer. The administrative designation may or may not coincide with the person's self-identified gender or gender expression.

• Administrative Gender ^c
• Externally-attributed Non-binary Gender ^c
• Non-binary Gender ^c

An Administrative Non-binary-gender Person is a person whose administrative gender assignment is non-binary. This classification concerns an administrative recognition of a non-binary gender for the person, as established by an organization acting as an administrative gender recognizer and recorded through an administrative gender recognition.

The class is intended to capture the administrative status of a non-binary gender assignment, independently of how the person identifies or expresses gender or how others may attribute gender in non-administrative contexts.

This definition describes the person role tied to an administratively recognized gender assignment. Administratively Recognized Gender Person denotes a person who is the target of an administrative gender recognition act and thereby has an administrative gender acknowledged for administrative purposes. This role captures that the relevant administrative gender is established through an attribution or recognition act rather than solely through self-identification or gender expression.

• Externally Gender-attributed Person ^c
• Person ^c

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb74 some Administrative Gender Recognition ^c
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb76 some Administrative Gender ^c
  

Represents the official document or record that includes the assigned sex at birth along with other birth details. Often required by legal or administrative systems as the initial source of personal data for registration.

Also called a "birth record" or "attending physician's report".

Describes the set of legal or regulatory requirements that govern how sex at birth must be assessed, assigned, and recorded. This concept ensures that the model accounts for variation in laws and administrative practices across jurisdictions.

Cisgender is a gender modality that characterizes a person as cisgender in a given modality context.

It captures alignment between the person's sex at birth assignment and the person's gender outcome as established in that context, including contexts grounded in self-identification and external attribution.

Cisgender Person is a person assigned a cisgender modality, indicating alignment between a gender classification for the person and the person's sex-at-birth classification. The alignment may be established using self-identified gender or using externally-attributed gender, depending on the specific cisgender classification that applies to the person.

• Person ^c
• Sex-at-birth-assigned Person ^c

• Self-identified Cisgender Person ^c or Externally-attributed Cisgender Person ^c
• Female Cisgender Person ^c or Male Cisgender Person ^c

• Female Cisgender Person ^c
• Male Cisgender Person ^c
• Externally-attributed Cisgender Person ^c
• Self-identified Cisgender Person ^c

An externally gender-attributed person is a person who is the target of one or more gender attributions made by an individual agent acting as a gender attributor. Such a person is characterized by one or more externally-attributed genders, which represent the externally held gender characterization(s) applicable to that person. This class captures cases where a person's gender is held or assigned from an external perspective rather than asserted as the person's own self-identification or gender expression.

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb269 some Gender Attribution ^c
  
• gufo:inheresIn min 1
  

• Externally-attributed Transgender Person ^c
• Administratively Recognized Gender Person ^c
• Externally-attributed Cisgender Person ^c

An Externally-attributed Cisgender Female Person is a person for whom another individual attributes a cisgender status together with a female gender attribution.

This class applies when the attributed female gender is consistent with the person's female sex at birth, and the cisgender status is grounded in that external attribution rather than in the person's self-identification.

• Externally-attributed Cisgender Person ^c
• Externally-attributed Female-gender Person ^c
• Sex-at-birth Female-sex Person ^c

An Externally-attributed Cisgender Male Person is a person for whom another individual attributes a cisgender status together with a male gender attribution.

This class applies when the attributed male gender is consistent with the person's male sex at birth, and the cisgender status is grounded in that external attribution rather than in the person's self-identification.

• Externally-attributed Cisgender Person ^c
• Externally-attributed Male-gender Person ^c
• Sex-at-birth Male-sex Person ^c

Externally-attributed Cisgender Person is a person classified as cisgender through external attribution. It captures cases where an externally attributed female or male gender classification is treated as aligned with the corresponding female or male sex-at-birth classification.

• Cisgender Person ^c
• Externally Gender-attributed Person ^c

• Externally-attributed Cisgender Female Person ^c
• Externally-attributed Cisgender Male Person ^c

Externally-attributed Female Gender is a female gender designation attributed to a person by an external party. It captures female gender attributions made by someone other than the person, without assuming that the attribution matches the person's self-identified gender or gender expression.

• Externally-attributed Gender ^c
• Female Gender ^c

An Externally-attributed Female-gender Person is a person to whom a female gender is attributed by a gender attributor through a gender attribution. The gender attributor is a different person from the one receiving the attribution.

The class focuses on gender as assigned by another person, and it is not defined by the person's own gender identity or gender expression, or by administrative or legal recognition.

• Externally-attributed Cisgender Female Person ^c
• Administrative Female-gender Person ^c

This definition covers what an externally-attributed gender represents and how it functions as a gender characterization of a person.

An externally-attributed gender is a gender characterization that applies to a person as a result of someone else's attribution. It represents the gender outcome(s) assigned to, recorded for, or otherwise held about a person from an external viewpoint, and it is used to distinguish external attribution from gender expressed through self-identification or gender expression. In the model, administrative gender and legal gender are more specific forms of externally-attributed gender.

• gufo:ExtrinsicMode
• Gender ^c

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb415 some Externally Gender-attributed Person ^c
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb417 exactly 1
  

• Externally-attributed Female Gender ^c
• Externally-attributed Male Gender ^c
• Externally-attributed Non-binary Gender ^c
• Administrative Gender ^c

Externally-attributed Male Gender is a male gender designation attributed to a person by an external party. It captures male gender attributions made by someone other than the person, without assuming that the attribution matches the person's self-identified gender or gender expression.

• Externally-attributed Gender ^c
• Male Gender ^c

An Externally-attributed Male-gender Person is a person to whom a male gender is attributed by a gender attributor through a gender attribution. The gender attributor is a different person from the one receiving the attribution.

The class focuses on gender as assigned by another person, and it is not defined by the person's own gender identity or gender expression, or by administrative or legal recognition.

• Externally-attributed Cisgender Male Person ^c
• Administrative Male-gender Person ^c

Externally-attributed Non-binary Gender is a non-binary gender designation attributed to a person by an external party. It captures non-binary gender attributions made by someone other than the person, without assuming that the attribution matches the person's self-identified gender or gender expression.

• Externally-attributed Gender ^c
• Non-binary Gender ^c

An Externally-attributed Non-binary-gender Person is a person to whom a non-binary gender is attributed by a gender attributor through a gender attribution. The gender attributor is a different person from the one receiving the attribution.

The class focuses on gender as assigned by another person, and it is not defined by the person's own gender identity or gender expression, or by administrative or legal recognition.

Externally-attributed Transgender Person is a person assigned a transgender modality through external attribution. It captures transgender classification as assigned by an external party, distinct from transgender classification grounded in self-identification.

• Externally Gender-attributed Person ^c
• Transgender Person ^c

Female denotes the general outcome category for classifying a person as female without committing to whether the classification is based on sex or gender. It captures a consolidated female classification that can be used when the basis of the female determination is not stated or is intentionally left unspecified.

It provides a common female classification that can be specified as a sex-based female classification or a gender-based female classification, depending on the intended basis of determination.

• Female Gender ^c
• Female Sex ^c

Female Cisgender Person is a cisgender person whose recorded sex at birth is female and whose gender classification is female. It captures a form of cisgender modality grounded in alignment between these classifications.

This category is compatible with cases where the gender classification is based on self-identification or external attribution, provided that the resulting classification aligns with the person's female sex-at-birth record.

• Cisgender Person ^c
• Female-gender Person ^c
• Sex-at-birth Female-sex Person ^c

Female Gender is a gender that characterizes a person as female. It supports representing a person's female gender across different contexts, including self-identification, gender expression, external attribution, and administrative or legal assignment, without implying any particular sex at birth.

• Female ^c
• Gender ^c

• Legal Female Gender ^c
• Administrative Female Gender ^c
• Feminine Gender Expression ^c
• Self-identified Female Gender ^c
• Externally-attributed Female Gender ^c

Female Sex denotes the general category for classifying a person's sex as female based on biological traits related to reproductive anatomy, chromosomes, and other physical characteristics. It provides a common female classification that can be further specified by more concrete bases of determination, including karyotypic sex, phenotypic sex, and the sex recorded at birth.

This classification concerns biological sex categorization and is distinct from Gender and Gender Expression, which address social characterization and expression.

• Female ^c
• Sex ^c

• Sex-at-birth Female Sex ^c
• Karyotypic Female Sex ^c
• Phenotypic Female Sex ^c

Female-gender Person is a person who is characterized by at least one instance of Female Gender. It captures membership in the female gender outcome regardless of whether that characterization comes from self-identification or gender expression, or from external attribution, including administrative or legal assignment. It does not imply any particular sex at birth and does not exclude additional gender characterizations.

• Person ^c
• Woman ^c

• Female Cisgender Person ^c
• Feminine-presenting Person ^c
• Self-identified Female-gender Person ^c
• Externally-attributed Female-gender Person ^c

Refers to a person whose sexual dimorphic characteristics align more strongly with those typically classified as female. The classification is based on the predominance of female-typical features in the overall assessment.

• Person ^c
• Woman ^c

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb395 min 1
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb397 max 3
  

• Biological Mother ^c
• Phenotypic Female-sex Person ^c
• Karyotypic Female-sex Person ^c

Includes anatomical or physiological traits more typical of females, such as wider pelvic structure or distribution of body fat. These traits inform classification into the female category.

Encompasses anatomical features typically associated with females, such as breast development, pelvic shape, or distribution of body fat.

Feminine Gender Expression is a gender expression that is characterized as feminine. It represents a feminine form of gender expression and does not, by itself, determine a person's self-identified gender.

• Female Gender ^c
• Gender Expression ^c

Feminine-presenting Person is a Female-gender Person whose gender expression is characterized as feminine. It captures cases where a person is characterized within the female gender outcome while presenting in ways commonly interpreted as feminine.

This category concerns presentation or expression and does not, by itself, imply any particular sex-at-birth classification.

Gender is the broad category of gender characterizations that can be attributed to a person, either by the person themselves or by others. It covers gender designated by the person, including self-identified gender and gender expression, as well as externally attributed gender, including administrative and legal forms used for recognition by organizations or legal institutions.

• Female Gender ^c or Male Gender ^c or Non-binary Gender ^c
• Gender Expression ^c or Self-identified Gender ^c or Externally-attributed Gender ^c

• Self-designated Gender ^c
• Gender Modality ^c
• Externally-attributed Gender ^c
• Female Gender ^c
• Gender Expression ^c
• Male Gender ^c
• Non-binary Gender ^c
• Self-identified Gender ^c

A gender attribution is an attribution relation that connects one gender attributor to one externally gender-attributed person. It represents a specific instance of externally attributing gender to a person, with the attributor as the source participant and the person as the target participant.

Each gender attribution has exactly one attributor and is directed to exactly one person, while a person can be the target of one or more gender attributions and a gender attributor can participate in one or more gender attributions. In each gender attribution, the attributor and the attributed person are not the same individual.

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb181 some Gender Attributor ^c
  
• gufo:mediates min 1
  
• gufo:mediates min 1
  

A gender attributor is an individual agent who participates as the attributor in one or more gender attributions directed at an externally gender-attributed person. The attributor is the source participant of the attribution and, in each attribution, is distinct from the person to whom the attribution is directed.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Agent ^c

Gender Expression is a self-designated gender characteristic that represents how a person expresses gender. It is distinct from self-identified gender and characterizes a person independently of any particular self-identification.

• Gender ^c
• Self-designated Gender ^c

• Feminine Gender Expression ^c
• Masculine Gender Expression ^c
• Non-binary Gender Expression ^c

Gender Modality characterizes how sex and gender information jointly determine a modality for a person.

It captures modality categories such as cisgender and transgender, grounding the modality in both sex and gender information while keeping the modality distinct from the underlying sex outcomes and gender outcomes it depends on.

• has cause ^op
• has cause ^op

• Cisgender ^c
• Transgender ^c

Captures traits that do not clearly align with typical male or female patterns. It supports the recognition of biological diversity and variation beyond the binary model.

Indeterminate Sex denotes the general category for classifying a person's sex as indeterminate when available biological traits do not support a clear male or female classification. It supports representing biological variation that does not fit binary sex categories, while allowing more specific determinations based on assessment, chromosomal composition, or the sex recorded at birth.

This classification concerns biological sex categorization and is distinct from Gender and Gender Expression, which address social characterization and expression.

• Non-binary Sex-Gender ^c
• Sex ^c

• Sex-at-birth Indeterminate Sex ^c
• Phenotypic Ambiguous Sex ^c

Captures anatomical features that do not clearly align with male-typical or female-typical categories. This classification supports recognizing and documenting variations beyond the binary model.

Describes individuals whose combination of sexual dimorphic characteristics does not clearly align with either male-typical or female-typical classifications. This category acknowledges biological variation that does not fit conventional binary classifications.

• Non-binary Person ^c
• Person ^c

Karyotypic Female Sex denotes the classification of a person's sex as female based on chromosomal composition, specifically the configuration of sex chromosomes used in karyotypic determination. It captures a chromosome-based basis for the female category, supporting sex classification that is grounded in karyotype rather than in phenotypic assessment or administrative recording at birth.

• Female Sex ^c
• Karyotypic Sex ^c

Karyotypic Male Sex denotes the classification of a person's sex as male based on chromosomal composition, specifically the configuration of sex chromosomes used in karyotypic determination. It captures a chromosome-based basis for the male category, supporting sex classification that is grounded in karyotype rather than in phenotypic assessment or administrative recording at birth.

• Karyotypic Sex ^c
• Male Sex ^c

Refers to the classification of a person's sex based on their chromosomal composition, specifically the configuration of sex chromosomes (allosomes). It provides a genetic basis for categorizing individuals as male, female, or variants, supporting a biological understanding of sex that is typically stable across a person's life. In the model, it specializes Sex and may be further specified (e.g., karyotypic female sex, karyotypic male sex).

• gufo:IntrinsicMode
• Sex ^c

• Karyotypic Female Sex ^c
• Karyotypic Male Sex ^c

Legal Female Gender is a legal gender characterization in which a person is legally recognized as female. It captures the legal gender status assigned through legal gender recognition and recorded in the corresponding legal gender recognition documentation.

• Administrative Female Gender ^c
• Female Gender ^c
• Legal Gender ^c

This class focuses on persons whose female gender classification is established through legal recognition, rather than through self-identification, gender expression, or external attribution.

A Legal Female-gender Person is a person whose legal gender is female. Such a person is characterized by one or more instances of Legal Female Gender, reflecting the legal designation of female gender that applies to the person.

This definition clarifies what counts as legal gender and how it is grounded in formal recognition.

Legal Gender denotes a gender classification that is recognized through an official legal recognition act and is treated as the legally valid gender for a person within formal records. It is the gender used when a person is in the role of having a recognized legal gender, and it is the gender outcome that a legal recognizer acknowledges through the recognition process and its associated documentation. In the model, Legal Gender is a specialization of Administrative Gender.

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb286 some Legally Recognized Gender Person ^c
  
• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb288 exactly 1
  

• Legal Female Gender ^c
• Legal Male Gender ^c
• Legal Non-binary Gender ^c

This definition outlines the recognition act that establishes the connection between a person and a legal gender.

Legal Gender Recognition denotes a formal recognition act carried out by an authorized legal recognizer that acknowledges a specific legal gender for a person. It is the recognizing situation that links the recognizer, the person in the role of having a recognized legal gender, and the legal gender that is acknowledged, and it is formalized through an official recognition document.

• gufo:mediates min 1
  
• gufo:mediates min 1
  
• gufo:mediates min 1
  
• gufo:mediates min 1
  

Legal Gender Recognition Document denotes an official document that records and formalizes one or more legal gender recognition acts. It provides the documentary basis associated with those recognitions, supporting the registration of the recognized legal gender for the relevant person in formal records.

• gufo:FunctionalComplex
• Administrative Gender Recognition Document ^c

This definition identifies the authorized recognizing party involved in legal gender recognition.

Legal Gender Recognizer denotes an authorized entity that performs legal gender recognition for persons. It is the recognizing party that participates in a recognition act and thereby acknowledges a legal gender for a person within the scope of formal legal recognition.

• Administrative Gender Recognizing Organization ^c
• Government ^c

Legal Male Gender is a legal gender characterization in which a person is legally recognized as male. It captures the legal gender status assigned through legal gender recognition and recorded in the corresponding legal gender recognition documentation.

• Administrative Male Gender ^c
• Legal Gender ^c
• Male Gender ^c

This class focuses on persons whose male gender classification is established through legal recognition, rather than through self-identification, gender expression, or external attribution.

A Legal Male-gender Person is a person whose legal gender is male. Such a person is characterized by one or more instances of Legal Male Gender, reflecting the legal designation of male gender that applies to the person.

Legal Non-binary Gender is a legal gender characterization in which a person is legally recognized as non-binary. It captures the legal gender status assigned through legal gender recognition and recorded in the corresponding legal gender recognition documentation.

• Administrative Non-binary Gender ^c
• Legal Gender ^c
• Non-binary Gender ^c

This class focuses on persons whose non-binary gender classification is established through legal recognition, rather than through self-identification, gender expression, or external attribution.

A Legal Non-binary-gender Person is a person whose legal gender is non-binary. Such a person is characterized by one or more instances of Legal Non-binary Gender, reflecting the legal designation of non-binary gender that applies to the person.

This definition describes the person role associated with having a legally recognized gender.

Legally Recognized Gender Person denotes a person for whom a legal gender has been acknowledged through a legal gender recognition act. In this role, the person is characterized by one or more instances of legal gender that have been recognized and recorded via the associated recognition process and documentation.

• Administratively Recognized Gender Person ^c
• Person ^c

• nd2adcfd2a4f34837a60773eb735bf07eb111 some Legal Gender Recognition ^c
  
• gufo:inheresIn min 1
  

This definition characterizes the absence of a recognized legal gender assignment for a person within formal records.

Legally Unassigned Gender Person denotes a person for whom no legal gender is recorded as recognized in the relevant legal record or context. This role distinguishes persons lacking a recognized legal gender assignment from those whose legal gender has been formally recognized.

Male denotes the general outcome category for classifying a person as male without committing to whether the classification is based on sex or gender. It captures a consolidated male classification that can be used when the basis of the male determination is not stated or is intentionally left unspecified.

It provides a common male classification that can be specified as a sex-based male classification or a gender-based male classification, depending on the intended basis of determination.

• Male Gender ^c
• Male Sex ^c

Male Cisgender Person is a cisgender person whose recorded sex at birth is male and whose gender classification is male. It captures a form of cisgender modality grounded in alignment between these classifications.

This category is compatible with cases where the gender classification is based on self-identification or external attribution, provided that the resulting classification aligns with the person's male sex-at-birth record.

• Cisgender Person ^c
• Male-gender Person ^c
• Sex-at-birth Male-sex Person ^c

Male Gender is a gender that characterizes a person as male. It supports representing a person's male gender across different contexts, including self-identification, gender expression, external attribution, and administrative or legal assignment, without implying any particular sex at birth.

• Gender ^c
• Male ^c

• Legal Male Gender ^c
• Administrative Male Gender ^c
• Masculine Gender Expression ^c
• Self-identified Male Gender ^c
• Externally-attributed Male Gender ^c

Male Sex denotes the general category for classifying a person's sex as male based on biological traits related to reproductive anatomy, chromosomes, and other physical characteristics. It provides a common male classification that can be further specified by more concrete bases of determination, including karyotypic sex, phenotypic sex, and the sex recorded at birth.

This classification concerns biological sex categorization and is distinct from Gender and Gender Expression, which address social characterization and expression.

• Male ^c
• Sex ^c

• Sex-at-birth Male Sex ^c
• Karyotypic Male Sex ^c
• Phenotypic Male Sex ^c

Male-gender Person is a person who is characterized by at least one instance of Male Gender. It captures membership in the male gender outcome regardless of whether that characterization comes from self-identification or gender expression, or from external attribution, including administrative or legal assignment. It does not imply any particular sex at birth and does not exclude additional gender characterizations.

• Man ^c
• Person ^c

• Male Cisgender Person ^c
• Masculine-presenting Person ^c
• Self-identified Male-gender Person ^c
• Externally-attributed Male-gender Person ^c

Describes a person whose overall set of sexual dimorphic characteristics aligns more strongly with those typically classified as male. This classification relies on counting or weighting traits that are conventionally considered male-typical.

• Man ^c
• Person ^c

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• Biological Father ^c
• Phenotypic Male-sex Person ^c
• Karyotypic Male-sex Person ^c

Represents specific anatomical or physiological traits that are statistically more common or pronounced in males. Examples might include broader shoulders or denser facial hair.